def test_abs_blr_vs_point_source(self):
"""check if in the limit of large distances the gamma-gamma optical depth
on the BLR tends to the one of a point-like source approximating it"""
# broad line region
L_disk = 2e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
r = 1e20 * u.cm
# point like source approximating the blr
ps_blr = PointSourceBehindJet(blr.xi_line * L_disk, blr.epsilon_line)
# absorption, consider a small viewing angle for this case
z = 0.859
theta_s = np.deg2rad(10)
abs_blr = Absorption(blr, r, z, mu_s=np.cos(theta_s))
abs_ps_blr = Absorption(ps_blr, r, z, mu_s=np.cos(theta_s))
# taus
E = np.logspace(2, 6) * u.GeV
nu = E.to("Hz", equivalencies=u.spectral())
tau_blr = abs_blr.tau(nu)
tau_ps_blr = abs_ps_blr.tau(nu)
# sed comparison plot
make_comparison_plot(
nu,
tau_ps_blr,
tau_blr,
"point source approximating the BLR",
"spherical shell BLR",
"Absorption on Spherical Shell BLR, " +
r"$r = 10^{20}\,{\rm cm} \gg R({\rm Ly\alpha}),\,\theta_s=10^{\circ}$",
f"{figures_dir}/blr/tau_blr_point_source_comparison.png",
"tau",
)
# requires a 10% deviation from the two SED points
assert check_deviation(nu, tau_blr, tau_ps_blr, 0.1)
def test_absorption_blr_reference_tau(self, r):
"""test agnpy gamma-gamma optical depth for a Lyman alpha BLR against
the one in Figure 14 of Finke 2016"""
# reference tau
E_ref, tau_ref = extract_columns_sample_file(
f"{data_dir}/reference_taus/finke_2016/figure_14_left/tau_BLR_Ly_alpha_r_{r}_R_Ly_alpha.txt",
"GeV",
)
nu_ref = E_ref.to("Hz", equivalencies=u.spectral())
# target
L_disk = 2e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
R_Ly_alpha = 1.1e17 * u.cm
_r = float(r) * R_Ly_alpha
# recompute the tau, use the full energy range of figure 14
z = 0.859
ec_blr = Absorption(blr, _r, z)
tau_agnpy = ec_blr.tau(nu_ref)
# comparison plot
make_comparison_plot(
nu_ref,
tau_agnpy,
tau_ref,
"agnpy",
"Figure 14, Finke (2016)",
f"Absorption on Spherical Shell BLR, r = {r} R(Ly alpha)",
f"{figures_dir}/blr/tau_blr_Ly_alpha_comprison_r_{r}_R_Ly_alpha_figure_14_finke_2016.png",
"tau",
y_range=[1e-5, 1e5],
)
assert True
def test_ec_blr_reference_sed(self):
"""test agnpy SED for EC on BLR against the one in Figure 10 of Finke 2016"""
# reference SED
sampled_ec_blr_table = np.loadtxt(
f"{tests_dir}/sampled_seds/ec_blr_figure_10_finke_2016.txt",
delimiter=",",
comments="#",
)
sampled_ec_blr_nu = sampled_ec_blr_table[:, 0] * u.Hz
sampled_ec_blr_sed = sampled_ec_blr_table[:, 1] * u.Unit("erg cm-2 s-1")
# agnpy SED
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
# recompute the SED at the same ordinates where the figure was sampled
ec_blr = ExternalCompton(BPL_BLOB, blr, r=1e18 * u.cm)
agnpy_ec_blr_sed = ec_blr.sed_flux(sampled_ec_blr_nu)
# sed comparison plot
make_sed_comparison_plot(
sampled_ec_blr_nu,
sampled_ec_blr_sed,
agnpy_ec_blr_sed,
"External Compton on Spherical Shell Broad Line Region",
"ec_blr_comparison_figure_10_finke_2016",
)
# requires that the SED points deviate less than 30% from the figure
assert u.allclose(
agnpy_ec_blr_sed,
sampled_ec_blr_sed,
atol=0 * u.Unit("erg cm-2 s-1"),
rtol=0.3,
)
def test_absorption_failing_without_r(self):
"""Tests that you cannot run absorption on "fixed" targets
(like BLR, DT or the disk) without specifying distance"""
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1.1 * 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
# no distance specified, should fail
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
abs_blr = Absorption(blr)
def test_abs_blr_mu_s_vs_on_axis(self, r_to_R):
"""check if the codes computing absorption on BLR for mu_s = 1 and !=1 cases are consistent """
# broad line region
L_disk = 2e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
r = r_to_R * R_line
z = 0.859
abs_blr = Absorption(blr, r, z, mu_s=0.9999)
abs_blr_on_axis = Absorption(blr, r, z)
abs_blr.set_l(50)
abs_blr_on_axis.set_l(50)
# taus
E = np.logspace(0, 6) * u.GeV
nu = E.to("Hz", equivalencies=u.spectral())
tau_blr = abs_blr.tau(nu)
tau_blr_on_axis = abs_blr_on_axis.tau(nu)
# sed comparison plot
make_comparison_plot(
nu,
tau_blr_on_axis,
tau_blr,
"on-axis calculations",
"general",
"Absorption on Spherical Shell BLR, " + r"$r/R_{\rm line}=$" +
f"{r_to_R}",
f"{figures_dir}/blr/tau_blr_on_axis_vs_general_r_{r_to_R}_R_line_comparison.png",
"tau",
)
# only check in there range with measurable absorption
xmin = min(nu[tau_blr_on_axis > 1.0e-4])
xmax = max(nu[tau_blr_on_axis > 1.0e-4])
xrange = (xmin, xmax)
print(xrange)
# close to the threshold there are some differences up to ~25%
# which are probably due to numerical uncertainties in the integrals
assert check_deviation(nu,
tau_blr,
tau_blr_on_axis,
0.25,
x_range=xrange)
def test_ec_blr_vs_point_source(self):
"""check if in the limit of large distances the EC on the BLR tends to
the one of a point-like source approximating it"""
# broad line region
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
# point like source approximating the blr
ps_blr = PointSourceBehindJet(blr.xi_line * L_disk, blr.epsilon_line)
# external Compton
ec_blr = ExternalCompton(BPL_BLOB, blr, r=1e22 * u.cm)
ec_ps_blr = ExternalCompton(BPL_BLOB, ps_blr, r=1e22 * u.cm)
# seds
nu = np.logspace(15, 28) * u.Hz
ec_blr_sed = ec_blr.sed_flux(nu)
ec_ps_blr_sed = ec_ps_blr.sed_flux(nu)
# requires a 20% deviation from the two SED points
assert u.allclose(
ec_blr_sed, ec_ps_blr_sed, atol=0 * u.Unit("erg cm-2 s-1"), rtol=0.2
)
def test_absorption_blr_reference_tau(self, r, nu_min):
"""test agnpy gamma-gamma optical depth for a Lyman alpha BLR against
the one in Figure 14 of Finke 2016"""
# reference tau
E_ref, tau_ref = extract_columns_sample_file(
f"{data_dir}/reference_taus/finke_2016/figure_14_left/tau_BLR_Ly_alpha_r_{r}_R_Ly_alpha.txt",
"GeV",
)
# Finke's frequencies are not corrected for the redshift
z = 0.859
nu_ref = E_ref.to("Hz", equivalencies=u.spectral()) / (1 + z)
# target
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_Ly_alpha = 1.1 * 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_Ly_alpha)
# parse the string providing the distance in units of R_Ly_alpha
# numbers as 1e1.5 cannot be directly converted to float
num = r.split("e")
Ly_alpha_units = (float(num[0]) * 10)**(float(num[-1]))
_r = Ly_alpha_units * R_Ly_alpha
# recompute the tau, use the full energy range of figure 14
abs_blr = Absorption(blr, _r, z)
tau_agnpy = abs_blr.tau(nu_ref)
# check in a restricted energy range
nu_range = [nu_min, 3e28] * u.Hz
make_comparison_plot(
nu_ref,
tau_agnpy,
tau_ref,
"agnpy",
"Figure 14, Finke (2016)",
f"Absorption on Spherical Shell BLR, r = {Ly_alpha_units:.2e} R(Ly alpha)",
f"{figures_dir}/blr/tau_blr_Ly_alpha_comprison_r_{r}_R_Ly_alpha_figure_14_finke_2016.png",
"tau",
comparison_range=nu_range.to_value("Hz"),
y_range=[1e-6, 1e3],
)
# requires that the SED points deviate less than 35 % from those of the reference figure
assert check_deviation(nu_ref, tau_agnpy, tau_ref, 0.35, nu_range)
def test_tau_blr_mus_Rline(self, r_R_line):
"""
Checks if absorption on BLR works also fine
if one of the integration points falls on R_line
"""
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1.1 * 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
abs_blr = Absorption(blr, r=r_R_line * R_line, mu_s=0.99)
# reference (without problem)
abs_blr0 = Absorption(blr, r=r_R_line * R_line * 1.001, mu_s=0.99)
nu = np.logspace(22, 28) * u.Hz
tau_blr = abs_blr.tau(nu)
tau_blr0 = abs_blr0.tau(nu)
# the current integrals are not very precise, and this includes
# tricky part to integrate, so allowing for rather large error margin
assert np.allclose(tau_blr, tau_blr0, atol=0.01, rtol=1.04)
M_sun = const.M_sun.cgs
M_BH = 1.2 * 1e9 * M_sun
R_g = ((const.G * M_BH) / (const.c * const.c)).cgs
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
eta = 1 / 12
R_in = 6 * R_g
R_out = 200 * R_g
disk = SSDisk(M_BH, L_disk, eta, R_in, R_out)
print("\ndisk definition:")
print(disk)
# blr definition
epsilon_line = 2e-5
csi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(disk, csi_line, epsilon_line, R_line)
print("\nblr definition:")
print(blr)
# dust torus definition
T_dt = 1e3 * u.K
epsilon_dt = 2.7 * ((const.k_B * T_dt) / (const.m_e * const.c * const.c)).decompose()
csi_dt = 0.1
dt = RingDustTorus(disk, csi_dt, epsilon_dt)
print("\ntorus definition:")
print(dt)
# define the External Compton
ec_disk = ExternalCompton(blob, disk, r=1e17 * u.cm)
ec_blr = ExternalCompton(blob, blr, r=1e17 * u.cm)
ec_dt = ExternalCompton(blob, dt, r=1e17 * u.cm)
import sys
import numpy as np
import astropy.units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
sys.path.append("../../")
from agnpy.targets import SphericalShellBLR, RingDustTorus
blr = SphericalShellBLR(1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1"), 0.1, "Lyalpha", 1e17 * u.cm)
dt = RingDustTorus(1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1"), 0.6, 1000 * u.K)
print(blr)
print(dt)
r = np.logspace(14, 21, 200) * u.cm
plt.loglog(r, blr.u(r), label="BLR")
plt.loglog(r, dt.u(r), label="Torus")
plt.xlabel(r"$r\,/\,{\rm cm}$")
plt.ylabel(r"$u\,/\,({\rm erg}\,{\rm cm}^{-3})$")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
# matplotlib adjustments
load_mpl_rc()
# disk parameters
M_BH = 1.2 * 1e9 * const.M_sun.cgs
L_disk = 2 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
eta = 1 / 12
R_in = 6
R_out = 200
disk = SSDisk(M_BH, L_disk, eta, R_in, R_out, R_g_units=True)
# blr definition
csi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, csi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
# dust torus definition
T_dt = 1e3 * u.K
csi_dt = 0.1
dt = RingDustTorus(L_disk, csi_dt, T_dt)
# consider a fixed distance of the blob from the target fields
r = 1.1e16 * u.cm
# let us consider 3C 454.3 as source
z = 0.859
absorption_disk = Absorption(disk, r=r, z=z)
absorption_blr = Absorption(blr, r=r, z=z)
absorption_dt = Absorption(dt, r=r, z=z)
0.56 * u.G,
bpwl_spectrum_norm_test,
bpwl_dict_test,
)
bpwl_blob_test.set_gamma_size(400)
# global disk
M_BH = 1.2 * 1e9 * M_sun.cgs
L_disk = 2e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
eta = 1 / 12
R_in = 6
R_out = 200
disk_test = SSDisk(M_BH, L_disk, eta, R_in, R_out, R_g_units=True)
# global blr
xi_line = 0.024
R_line = 1e17 * u.cm
blr_test = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk, xi_line, "Lyalpha", R_line)
# global dt
T_dt = 1e3 * u.K
csi_dt = 0.1
dt_test = RingDustTorus(L_disk, csi_dt, T_dt)
class TestSynchrotronSelfCompton:
"""class grouping all tests related to the Synchrotron Slef Compton class"""
@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma_max, nu_range_max", [("1e5", 1e25),
("1e7", 1e27)])
def test_ssc_reference_sed(self, gamma_max, nu_range_max):
"""test agnpy SSC SED against the ones in Figure 7.4 of Dermer Menon 2009"""
# reference SED
nu_ref, sed_ref = extract_columns_sample_file(
f"{data_dir}/reference_seds/dermer_menon_2009/figure_7_4/ssc_gamma_max_{gamma_max}.txt",
def test_line_dict(self, line, lambda_line):
"""test correct loading of some of the emission line"""
blr = SphericalShellBLR(1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1"), 0.1, line, 1e17)
assert u.isclose(blr.lambda_line, lambda_line, atol=0 * u.Angstrom)
# global disk
M_BH = 1.2 * 1e9 * M_sun
L_DISK = 1.512 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
ETA = 1 / 12
R_G = 1.77 * 1e14 * u.cm
R_IN_G_UNITS = 6
R_OUT_G_UNITS = 200
R_IN = R_IN_G_UNITS * R_G
R_OUT = R_OUT_G_UNITS * R_G
DISK = SSDisk(M_BH, L_DISK, ETA, R_IN, R_OUT)
# useful for checks
L_EDD = 15.12 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
M_DOT = 2.019 * 1e26 * u.Unit("g s-1")
# global SphericalShellBLR
BLR = SphericalShellBLR(L_DISK, 0.1, "Lyalpha", 1e17 * u.cm)
# dust torus definition
DT = RingDustTorus(L_DISK, 0.1, 1000 * u.K)
class TestCMB:
"""class grouping all the tests related to the CMB"""
def test_u(self):
"""test u in the stationary reference frame"""
assert u.isclose(
6.67945605e-12 * u.Unit("erg / cm3"),
CMB_Z_1.u(),
atol=0 * u.Unit("erg / cm3"),
rtol=1e-3,
)
# disk
M_BH_test = 1.2 * 1e9 * M_sun
L_disk_test = 1.512 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
eta_test = 1 / 12
R_g_test = 1.77 * 1e14 * u.cm
R_in_tilde_test = 6
R_out_tilde_test = 200
R_in_test = R_in_tilde_test * R_g_test
R_out_test = R_out_tilde_test * R_g_test
disk_test = SSDisk(M_BH_test, L_disk_test, eta_test, R_in_test, R_out_test)
# useful for checks
L_Edd_test = 15.12 * 1e46 * u.Unit("erg s-1")
m_dot_test = 2.019 * 1e26 * u.Unit("g s-1")
# SphericalShellBLR
blr_test = SphericalShellBLR(L_disk_test, 0.1, "Lyalpha", 1e17 * u.cm)
# dust torus definition
dt_test = RingDustTorus(L_disk_test, 0.1, 1000 * u.K)
class TestCMB:
"""class grouping all the tests related to the CMB"""
def test_u(self):
"""test u in the stationary reference frame"""
assert u.isclose(
6.67945605e-12 * u.Unit("erg / cm3"),
cmb_test.u(),
atol=0 * u.Unit("erg / cm3"),
rtol=1e-5,
)