def iterate_lte_ne_eq_pops(self, atmos: Atmosphere):
atmos.nondimensionalise()
maxIter = 500
prevNe = np.copy(atmos.ne)
ne = np.copy(atmos.ne)
for it in range(maxIter):
atomicPops = []
prevNe[:] = ne
ne.fill(0.0)
for a in sorted(self.atoms, key=atomic_weight_sort):
nTotal = self.atomicTable[a.name].abundance * atmos.nHTot
nStar = lte_pops(a, atmos, nTotal, debye=True)
atomicPops.append(AtomicState(a, nStar, nTotal))
stages = np.array([l.stage for l in a.levels])
# print(stages)
ne += np.sum(nStar * stages[:, None], axis=0)
# print(ne)
atmos.ne[:] = ne
relDiff = np.nanmax(np.abs(1.0 - prevNe / ne))
print(relDiff)
maxRelDiff = np.nanmax(relDiff)
if maxRelDiff < 1e-3:
print("Iterate LTE: %d iterations" % it)
break
else:
print("LTE ne failed to converge")
atmos.dimensionalise()
table = AtomicStateTable(atmos, self.atomicTable, atomicPops)
return table
class Scene2D:
"""Class of the simple 2-dimensional math model of the action world."""
def __init__(self, xml_rocket: str, xml_traj: str):
"""
:param xml_rocket: rocket's XML data file's path
:param xml_traj: trajectory's XML data file's path
"""
self.atmo = Atmosphere()
self.rocket = data_read_write.create_rocket(self.atmo, xml_rocket, xml_traj)
self.is_rocket_calc = False
# Public
def sim(self, xml_optim=None):
"""
Starts the simulation.
:param xml_optim: optimizer's XML data file's path
:type xml_optim: str
"""
if xml_optim is not None:
optim = self.rocket.optimize_traj(data_read_write.init_optim_range(xml_optim))
data_read_write.write_optim(optim)
results = self.rocket.start()
data_read_write.write_results2d(results)
self.is_rocket_calc = True
def show_atmosphere(self):
"""Shows atmosphere's parameters graphs."""
self.atmo.show()
def show_rocket_results(self):
if self.is_rocket_calc is True:
self.rocket.show_results()
else:
print("Warning: the rocket wasn't been calculated!")
def load_data(self, param_file):
with open(param_file, 'r') as inputf:
self.parameters = json.load(inputf)
# Set imported parameters as properties
for parameter in self.parameters:
setattr(self, parameter, self.parameters[parameter])
# use for threadsafe commnications with the GUI thread
self.mutex = QMutex()
self.atmosphere = Atmosphere()
# TODO Error analysis vs. ticksize
self.ticksize = 0.001
self.time = 0
self.height = self.launch_height
self.velocity = 0
self.acceleration = 0
self.max_height = 0
self.max_velocity = 0
self.max_acceleration = 0
self.mass = self.launch_mass
self.thruster = Thruster()
self.data = {}
self.data['time'] = []
self.data['height'] = []
self.data['velocity'] = []
self.data['acceleration'] = []
def __init__(self, xml_rocket: str, xml_traj: str):
"""
:param xml_rocket: rocket's XML data file's path
:param xml_traj: trajectory's XML data file's path
"""
self.atmo = Atmosphere()
self.rocket = data_read_write.create_rocket(self.atmo, xml_rocket, xml_traj)
self.is_rocket_calc = False
def update_nTotal(self, atmos : Atmosphere):
dim = False
if atmos.dimensioned:
dim = True
atmos.nondimensionalise()
self.nTotal[:] = self.model.atomicTable[self.name].abundance * atmos.nHTot
if dim:
atmos.dimensionalise()
def compute_eq_pops(self, atmos: Atmosphere):
dim = False
if atmos.dimensioned:
dim = True
atmos.nondimensionalise()
atomicPops = []
for a in sorted(self.atoms, key=atomic_weight_sort):
nTotal = self.atomicTable[a.name].abundance * atmos.nHTot
nStar = lte_pops(a, atmos, nTotal, debye=True)
atomicPops.append(AtomicState(a, nStar, nTotal))
table = AtomicStateTable(atmos, self.atomicTable, atomicPops)
if dim:
atmos.dimensionalise
return table
def setup(self):
nn = self.options["num_nodes"]
self.add_subsystem("atmosphere", subsys=Atmosphere(num_nodes=nn), promotes_inputs=["h"], promotes_outputs=["rho"])
self.add_subsystem("aerodynamics", subsys=Aerodynamics(num_nodes=nn), promotes_inputs=["alpha", "v", "rho"], promotes_outputs=["lift", "drag"])
self.add_subsystem("heating", subsys=AerodynamicHeating(num_nodes=nn), promotes_inputs=["rho", "v", "alpha"], promotes_outputs=["q"])
self.add_subsystem("eom", subsys=FlightDynamics(num_nodes=nn), promotes_inputs=["beta", "gamma", "h", "psi", "theta", "v", "lift", "drag"], promotes_outputs=["hdot", "gammadot", "phidot", "psidot", "thetadot", "vdot"])
def test_sea_level(self):
"""Test Sea Level properties
"""
h = 0
a1 = Atmosphere(h)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a1.T, 273 + 15, places=0)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a1.P, 101325, places=0)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a1.rho, 1.225, places=4)
def get_pv(forcing, output, n1=0, n2=10000, option="timeseries"):
""" forcing : nc file assumed to be located in Forcings/ e.g. "SIRTA_all"
output : name of output file containing PV production, stored in PV_Outputs directory
n1 and n2 : left and right indicess for partial computations along timeseries
option : specify the type of forcing to optimize vectorial computations
"""
print("----------Namelist loading----------------")
nam = Namelist(
) # all options should be hardcoded in the Namelist() attributes
print("----------Atmosphere loading----------------")
# build an Atmosphere object from an nc file. Such object can be built directly from np.arrays
atm = Atmosphere(*tools.get_atm_from_ncfile(
forcing=forcing, albedo=nam.albedo, n1=n1, n2=n2))
atm.compute_sun() # to compute the full series of sza, saa, sw_toa
# define PV panel from information contained in Namelist
print("----------Module initialization----------------")
panel = Panel(
name=nam.panel_name,
technology=nam.panel_technology,
beta=nam.panel_beta,
gamma=nam.panel_gamma,
method_FF=nam.method_FF,
SR_method=nam.SR_method,
namelist=nam
) # get physical characteristics of the panel from a description file - here SIRTA panel used for consistency
# call pv_interface to handle large arrays and successive (and possibly multi-thread) calls to pv_production
t1 = time.time()
if option == "timeseries":
power_simul = pv_interface_timeseries(nam, atm, panel)
elif option == "atlas":
power_simul = pv_interface_atlas(nam, atm, panel)
# save PV outputs
np.savetxt("PV_Outputs/%s.dat" % output, power_simul)
t2 = time.time()
print("Time to run the PV code = %s seconds" % (t2 - t1))
return atm.dates, power_simul, atm.lat, atm.lon
def test_under_86km(self):
"""Tests for altitude values between 35 and 86 km
"""
z = np.array([50000.0, 70000.0, 86000.0])
expected_T = np.array([270.65, 219.585, 186.87])
expected_p = np.array([79.779, 5.2209, 0.37338])
expected_rho = np.array([0.0010269, 0.000082829, 0.000006958])
for idx, z_current in enumerate(z):
a = Atmosphere(z_current)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.T, expected_T[idx], places=0)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.P, expected_p[idx], places=-2)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.rho, expected_rho[idx], places=4)
def test_under_35km(self):
"""Tests for altitude values between 11 and 35 km
"""
z = np.array([15000.0, 25000.0, 35000.0])
expected_T = np.array([216.65, 221.552, 236.513])
expected_p = np.array([12111.0, 2549.2, 574.59])
expected_rho = np.array([0.19476, 0.040084, 0.0084634])
for idx, z_current in enumerate(z):
a = Atmosphere(z_current)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.T, expected_T[idx], places=3)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.P, expected_p[idx], places=-2)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.rho, expected_rho[idx], places=4)
def test_under_11km(self):
"""Tests for altitude values between 1 and 11 km
"""
z = np.array([500.0, 2500.0, 6500.0, 9000.0, 11000.0])
expected_T = np.array([284.900, 271.906, 245.943, 229.733, 216.774])
expected_p = np.array([95461.0, 74691.0, 44075.0, 30800.0, 22699.0])
expected_rho = np.array([1.1673, 0.95695, 0.62431, 0.46706, 0.36480])
for idx, z_current in enumerate(z):
a = Atmosphere(z_current)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.T, expected_T[idx], places=3)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.P, expected_p[idx], places=-2)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.rho, expected_rho[idx], places=4)
def test_under_1000m(self):
"""Tests for altitude values under 1000 meters
"""
z = np.array([50.0, 550.0, 850.0])
expected_T = np.array([287.825, 284.575, 282.626])
expected_p = np.array([100720.0, 94890.0, 91523.0])
expected_rho = np.array([1.2191, 1.1616, 1.1281])
for idx, z_current in enumerate(z):
a = Atmosphere(z_current)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.T, expected_T[idx], places=3)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.P, expected_p[idx], places=-2)
self.assertAlmostEqual(a.rho, expected_rho[idx], places=4)
def __main__():
#initDict = readInit(init_file="SunEarth_4m.init")
initDict = readInit(init_file="TMT_SuperEarth_N.init")
wav_min, wav_max, t_exp = np.float32(initDict["wav_min"]), np.float32(
initDict["wav_max"]), np.float32(initDict["t_exp"])
target_pl = Target(distance=np.float32(initDict["distance"]),
spec_path=initDict["pl_spec_path"],
inclination_deg=np.float32(
initDict["pl_inclination_deg"]),
rotation_vel=np.float32(initDict["pl_rotation_vel"]),
radial_vel=np.float32(initDict["pl_radial_vel"]),
spec_reso=np.float32(initDict["spec_reso"]))
target_st = Target(distance=np.float32(initDict["distance"]),
spec_path=initDict["st_spec_path"],
inclination_deg=np.float32(
initDict["st_inclination_deg"]),
rotation_vel=np.float32(initDict["st_rotation_vel"]),
radial_vel=np.float32(initDict["st_radial_vel"]),
spec_reso=np.float32(initDict["spec_reso"]))
wav_med = (wav_min + wav_max) / 2.0
if initDict["spec_tran_path"] != "None":
atmosphere = Atmosphere(spec_tran_path=initDict["spec_tran_path"],
spec_radi_path=initDict["spec_radi_path"])
else:
atmosphere = None
instrument = Instrument(
wav_med,
telescope_size=np.float32(initDict["telescope_size"]),
pl_st_contrast=np.float32(initDict["pl_st_contrast"]),
spec_reso=np.float32(initDict["spec_reso"]),
read_noise=np.float32(initDict["read_noise"]),
dark_current=np.float32(initDict["dark_current"]),
fiber_size=np.float32(initDict["fiber_size"]),
pixel_sampling=np.float32(initDict["pixel_sampling"]),
throughput=np.float32(initDict["throughput"]),
wfc_residual=np.float32(initDict["wfc_residual"]),
num_surfaces=np.float32(initDict["num_surfaces"]),
temperature=np.float32(initDict["temperature"]))
thermal_background = ThermTarget(instrument,
spec_reso=np.float32(
initDict["spec_reso"]))
zodi = ZodiTarget(instrument,
distance=np.float32(initDict["distance"]),
spec_path=initDict["zodi_spec_path"],
exozodi_level=np.float32(initDict["exozodi_level"]),
spec_reso=np.float32(initDict["spec_reso"]))
hci_hrs = HCI_HRS_Observation(wav_min,
wav_max,
t_exp,
target_pl,
target_st,
instrument,
thermal_background,
zodi,
atmosphere=atmosphere)
print(
"Star flux: {0} \nLeaked star flux: {1}\nPlanet flux: {2}\nPlanet flux per pixel: {3}\nThermal background flux: {4}\nThermal background flux per pixel: {5}\nSky flux: {6}\nSky flux per pixel: {7}\nSky transmission: {8}\nTotal pixel number: {9}\n"
.format(
hci_hrs.star_total_flux,
hci_hrs.star_total_flux * instrument.pl_st_contrast,
hci_hrs.planet_total_flux, hci_hrs.planet_total_flux /
(len(hci_hrs.obs_spec_resample.flux) + 0.0),
hci_hrs.therm_total_flux, hci_hrs.therm_total_flux /
(len(hci_hrs.obs_therm_resample.flux) + 0.0),
hci_hrs.sky_total_flux, hci_hrs.sky_total_flux /
(len(hci_hrs.obs_therm_resample.flux) + 0.0),
hci_hrs.sky_transmission, len(hci_hrs.obs_therm_resample.flux)))
spec = pyfits.open(initDict["template_path"])
template = Spectrum(spec[1].data["Wavelength"],
spec[1].data["Flux"],
spec_reso=np.float32(initDict["spec_reso"]))
if initDict["spec_tran_path"] != "None":
hci_hrs_red = HCI_HRS_Reduction(hci_hrs,
template,
save_flag=False,
obj_tag=initDict["obj_tag"],
template_tag=initDict["template_tag"],
speckle_flag=False)
else:
hci_hrs_red = HCI_HRS_Reduction(hci_hrs,
template,
save_flag=False,
obj_tag=initDict["obj_tag"],
template_tag=initDict["template_tag"],
speckle_flag=True)
import numpy as np from aircraft import Aircraft from atmosphere import Atmosphere, Wind from constants import Constants import sim_setup from Planes.B737 import B737 from Planes.C172 import C172 from Planes.T38 import T38 # Initialization of objects used in overall sim architecture SIM = sim_setup.Sim_Parameters() CONSTANTS = Constants() Atmosphere = Atmosphere() plane1 = Aircraft() #################################################################################################### # BEGIN INPUT FIELDS #################################################################################################### # Modify simulation parameters SIM.START_TIME = 0.0 SIM.END_TIME = 2000.0 SIM.DELTA_T = 2 # Modify aircraft inital conditions # Choose airplane type - B737, C172, T38 plane1.design = B737()
CD = 0.5 # Approximate drag coefficient of vehicle
AREA = 0.79 # Frontal area of rocket
GRAV = 32.174
DENSITY = 0.0765 # constant for simplicity for now
MASS = 1.24324 # lbs
TIME = 0
STEP = 0.01
def acceleration(velocity, density, input):
cd = CD + (0.75 * input)
return -GRAV - (cd * AREA * density * (velocity**2) / (2 * MASS))
AtmosEngine = Atmosphere()
altitude = 1000
velocity = 700
accel = acceleration(velocity, AtmosEngine.density(altitude), 0)
pid = PID(0.00025, 0.001, 0.1, 3500, 0, 1)
pid_outputs = []
while velocity > 0:
altitude += velocity * STEP
velocity += accel * STEP
p_alt = projected_altitude(accel, velocity, altitude)
pid_output = pid.output(p_alt, STEP)
accel = acceleration(velocity, AtmosEngine.density(altitude), pid_output)
pid_outputs.append(pid_output)
"""Recreate Fig. 14.4 & 14.5 from Anderson Hypersonic & High Temperature Gas Dynamics
"""
altitudes = np.array([35900, 59800, 82200, 100000, 120300, 154800, 173500,
200100, 230400, 259700, 294800, 322900]) * ft_to_m
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 9))
fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 9))
T1 = 225.0
# Convert altitudes into ambient pressures
pressures = np.zeros_like(altitudes)
for idx, altitude in enumerate(altitudes):
a = Atmosphere(altitude)
pressures[idx] = a.P
u1 = np.linspace(4000, 40000, num=75) * ft_to_m
# Calculate shock properties for each pressure
for pidx, p1 in enumerate(pressures):
T2_arr = np.zeros_like(u1)
rho2_rho1_arr = np.zeros_like(u1)
for uidx, u in enumerate(u1):
results = normal_shock(air, u, T1, p1)
if not results:
continue
class RocketSimulator(QtCore.QObject):
R_EARTH = 6371000 # meters
G_0 = -9.80665 # m/s^2 (at sea level)
new_data = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)
def __init__(self, ticksize, param_file='parameters.json'):
QtCore.QObject.__init__(self)
self.load_data(param_file)
def load_data(self, param_file):
with open(param_file, 'r') as inputf:
self.parameters = json.load(inputf)
# Set imported parameters as properties
for parameter in self.parameters:
setattr(self, parameter, self.parameters[parameter])
# use for threadsafe commnications with the GUI thread
self.mutex = QMutex()
self.atmosphere = Atmosphere()
# TODO Error analysis vs. ticksize
self.ticksize = 0.001
self.time = 0
self.height = self.launch_height
self.velocity = 0
self.acceleration = 0
self.max_height = 0
self.max_velocity = 0
self.max_acceleration = 0
self.mass = self.launch_mass
self.thruster = Thruster()
self.data = {}
self.data['time'] = []
self.data['height'] = []
self.data['velocity'] = []
self.data['acceleration'] = []
def run_simulation(self):
while self.height >= self.launch_height:
self.run_tick()
print(self.max_height, self.max_velocity, self.max_acceleration)
def run_tick(self):
self.height += self.velocity * self.ticksize
self.velocity += self.acceleration * self.ticksize
force = self.thrust_force() + self.drag_force() + self.gravity_force()
self.acceleration = force / self.mass
locked = False
if self.mutex.tryLock(10):
self.new_data.emit([self.time, self.height, self.velocity, self.acceleration])
self.mutex.unlock()
self.data['time'].append(self.time)
self.data['height'].append(self.height)
self.data['velocity'].append(self.velocity)
self.data['acceleration'].append(self.acceleration)
self.update_mass()
self.update_max_values()
self.time += self.ticksize
def drag_force(self):
pressure = self.atmosphere.get_density_by_height(self.height)
# Rocket is heading up
if self.velocity >= 0:
drag_coef = self.rocket_drag_coef
area = self.cross_sectional_area
# Rocket is falling with parachute deployed
else:
drag_coef = self.parachute_drag_coef
area = self.parachute_area
# Drag force is the opposite direction of velocity
if self.velocity > 0:
direction = -1
else:
direction = 1
# TODO use increased parachute area
return (direction * drag_coef * pressure * self.velocity**2 * area ) / 2
def gravity_force(self):
return self.mass * self.get_g_at_alitude(self.height)
def get_g_at_alitude(self, height):
return self.G_0 * ((height + self.R_EARTH) / self.R_EARTH)**2
def thrust_force(self):
if self.time < self.burn_length:
return self.thruster.get_thrust_at_time(self.time)
else:
return 0
def update_mass(self):
if self.time > self.burn_length:
return
else:
self.mass -= (self.propellent_mass / self.burn_length) * self.ticksize
def update_max_values(self):
if self.height > self.max_height:
self.max_height = self.height
if self.velocity > self.max_velocity:
self.max_velocity = self.velocity
if self.acceleration > self.max_acceleration:
self.max_acceleration = self.acceleration
def main():
# Initial setup
pygame.init()
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
tick_time = 30
# Screen size and screen object creation
screen_size = (1920, 1080)
# screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size, pygame.FULLSCREEN)
# Window title and icon
pygame.display.set_caption("SPACE")
pygame.display.set_icon(pygame.image.load("assets/img/ship.png"))
# Background color
bg = (0, 0, 0)
# Set font for text
font = pygame.font.SysFont('consolas', 16)
# Initialize the actors
# Ship initial conditions
# Default spawn point is defined in ship class
ship_img_path = "assets/img/ship.png"
ship_spawn = (25, 75)
ship_size = (20, 15)
ship = Ship(ship_spawn, ship_img_path, ship_size)
# Planet initial conditions
planet_spawn = (500, 375)
planet_img_path = "assets/img/moon1.png"
planet_mass = 8e10
planet_size = (50, 50)
planet_influence_height = 250
planet_radius_offset = 1.3 # used below for fine tuning planet collision detection
planet = Planet(planet_spawn, planet_img_path, planet_size, planet_mass,
planet_influence_height)
# Atmosphere initial conditions
atm_spawn = (planet_spawn[0] - planet_size[0] / 2,
planet_spawn[1] - planet_size[1] / 2)
atm_img_path = "assets/img/atm.png"
atm_size = (100, 100)
atm_press = .002
atm = Atmosphere(atm_spawn, atm_img_path, atm_size, atm_press)
min_orbit_radius = 180
min_orbit = pygame.Rect(
tuple([
planet.get_center()[0] - min_orbit_radius,
planet.get_center()[1] - min_orbit_radius
]), tuple([min_orbit_radius * 2, min_orbit_radius * 2]))
max_orbit_radius = 200
max_orbit = pygame.Rect(
tuple([
planet.get_center()[0] - max_orbit_radius,
planet.get_center()[1] - max_orbit_radius
]), tuple([max_orbit_radius * 2, max_orbit_radius * 2]))
success_orbit_padding = 4
success_orbit_radius = max_orbit_radius - (success_orbit_padding // 2)
success_orbit_thickness = max_orbit_radius - min_orbit_radius - success_orbit_padding
success_orbit = pygame.Rect(
tuple([
planet.get_center()[0] - success_orbit_radius,
planet.get_center()[1] - success_orbit_radius
]), tuple([success_orbit_radius * 2, success_orbit_radius * 2]))
while running:
# Paint screen background
screen.fill(bg)
# Get events
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
tick_time = get_keystrokes(event, ship)
# Set collision boundaries with walls
ship.set_wall_collision(screen_size)
# Set collision boundaries with planet
ship.set_body_collision(planet, planet_radius_offset)
# Gravitational attraction
planet.attract_body(ship)
# Update atmospheric drag deceleration on ship
atm.update_drag(ship)
# Update ship velocity and position
ship.update_velocity()
ship.update_position()
ship.check_fuel()
# Text objects here:
# Fuel display text object
fuel_display_string = "Fuel:"
fuel_display_loc = (10, 10)
fuel_display = font.render(fuel_display_string, True, (0, 255, 0))
score = 0
if min_orbit_radius <= ship.get_apoapsis(planet) <= max_orbit_radius:
score = int(50 / ship.get_eccentricity(planet))
if min_orbit_radius <= ship.get_periapsis(
planet) <= max_orbit_radius:
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (0, 63, 0), success_orbit,
success_orbit_thickness)
# Debug Text
debug_display_string = "Score: " + str(score) + " xAccel: " + str(
ship.thrust_x) + " yAccel: " + str(ship.thrust_y)
debug_display_loc = (10, 120)
debug_display = font.render(debug_display_string, True, (0, 255, 0))
# Update ship trail points
if ship.get_distance_from_point(
ship.trail_points[-1]) >= ship.trail_res:
ship.trail_points.append(ship.get_center())
# Trim the ship trail length if it gets too long
if len(ship.trail_points) > ship.trail_len:
ship.trail_points.pop(0)
# Draw a trailing line from the ship
if len(ship.trail_points) > 1 and ship.get_apoapsis(
planet) <= planet_influence_height:
pygame.draw.lines(screen, (0, 127, 0), False, ship.trail_points)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (127, 127, 0), min_orbit, width=1)
pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, (127, 127, 0), max_orbit, width=1)
# Blit sprites to screen
ship.blit_sprite(screen)
atm.blit_sprite(screen)
planet.blit_sprite(screen)
fuel_bar_width = 100
fuel_bar_height = 15
fuel_bar_dyn_width = fuel_bar_width * ship.fuel / 100.0
# Avoiding left-side fuel_bar bleed when fuel value is less than 1.0
if ship.fuel <= 1.0:
fuel_bar_dyn_width = 1
fuel_bar_container = pygame.Rect((10, 30),
(fuel_bar_width, fuel_bar_height))
fuel_bar = pygame.Rect((10, 30), (fuel_bar_dyn_width, fuel_bar_height))
# Blit text
screen.blit(fuel_display, fuel_display_loc)
screen.blit(debug_display, debug_display_loc)
# Dynamic fuel bar color (Default: Green; Half-fuel: Yellow; Low-Fuel: Red)
fuel_bar_color = (0, 255, 0)
if 50.0 > ship.fuel >= 10.0:
fuel_bar_color = (255, 255, 0)
elif ship.fuel < 10.0:
fuel_bar_color = (255, 0, 0)
# Draw fuel bars
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (127, 127, 127), fuel_bar_container)
# Fuel bar disappears if fuel is depleted
if ship.fuel != 0.0:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, fuel_bar_color, fuel_bar)
clock.tick(tick_time)
# Update screen at end of loop
pygame.display.update()
def __init__(self,Nmax,Xmax,X0=-150,Lambda=70,
zenith=0,azimuth=0,impact_x=0,impact_y=0,
ckarray='gg_t_delta_theta.npz'):
"""Create a shower with the given Gaisser-Hillas parameters and
geometry
Parameters:
Nmax: the maximum size of the shower
Xmax: the slant depth a maximum of the shower
X0: the "starting point depth" for the shower
Lambda: the growth rate of the shower
zenith: the zenith angle of the shower
azimuth: the azimuthal angle of the shower
ckarray: the name of the file containing the CherenkovPhotonArray
"""
self.Nmax = Nmax
self.Xmax = Xmax
self.X0 = X0
self.Lambda = Lambda
self.zenith = zenith
self.azimuth = azimuth
self.impact_x = impact_x
self.impact_y = impact_y
self.atmosphere = Atmosphere()
self.ng_t_delta_Omega = CherenkovPhotonArray(ckarray)
cq = np.cos(zenith)
sq = np.sin(zenith)
cp = np.cos(azimuth)
sp = np.sin(azimuth)
steps = np.append(
np.append(
np.linspace( 0, 1000,100,endpoint=False,dtype=float),
np.linspace(1000,10000,90,endpoint=False,dtype=float)),
np.linspace(10000,84000,75,dtype=float))
hs = (steps[1:]+steps[:-1])/2
dhs = steps[1:]-steps[:-1]
nh = len(hs)
rs = hs*sq/cq
c = value('speed of light in vacuum')
xs = np.empty_like(hs)
xs[-1] = self.atmosphere.depth(hs[-1])
for i in range(nh-2,-1,-1):
xs[i] = xs[i+1] + self.atmosphere.depth(hs[i],hs[i+1])
xs /= cq
self.location = np.empty((nh,3),dtype=float)
self.location[:,0] = self.impact_x + rs*cp
self.location[:,1] = self.impact_y + rs*sp
self.location[:,2] = hs
self.heights = self.location[:,2]
self.steps = dhs/cq
self.times = hs/cq/c
self.slant_depths = xs
self.sizes = self.size(xs)
self.stages = self.stage(xs)
self.deltas = self.atmosphere.delta(hs)
xh = zip(xs,hs)
self.csizes = np.array([self.cherenkov_size(x,h) for x,h in xh])
xh = zip(xs,hs)
self.cyield = np.array([self.cherenkov_yield(x,h) for x,h in xh])
self.cphots = self.steps * self.csizes * self.cyield
nq = len(self.ng_t_delta_Omega.theta)
self.cangs = np.empty((nh,nq),dtype=float)
itd = zip(np.arange(nh),self.stages,self.deltas)
for i,t,d in itd:
self.cangs[i] = self.ng_t_delta_Omega.angular_distribution(t,d)
class ShowerCherenkov():
"""A class to contain a instance of a shower with a Gaisser-Hillas
parameterization, a given geometry, an atmosphere, and a table of
Cherenkov photon angular distributions. An instance of this class
will allow one to calculate the Cherenkov photon flux at a given
point on the ground (or at some altitude) and the time distribution
of those photons.
"""
def __init__(self,Nmax,Xmax,X0=-150,Lambda=70,
zenith=0,azimuth=0,impact_x=0,impact_y=0,
ckarray='gg_t_delta_theta.npz'):
"""Create a shower with the given Gaisser-Hillas parameters and
geometry
Parameters:
Nmax: the maximum size of the shower
Xmax: the slant depth a maximum of the shower
X0: the "starting point depth" for the shower
Lambda: the growth rate of the shower
zenith: the zenith angle of the shower
azimuth: the azimuthal angle of the shower
ckarray: the name of the file containing the CherenkovPhotonArray
"""
self.Nmax = Nmax
self.Xmax = Xmax
self.X0 = X0
self.Lambda = Lambda
self.zenith = zenith
self.azimuth = azimuth
self.impact_x = impact_x
self.impact_y = impact_y
self.atmosphere = Atmosphere()
self.ng_t_delta_Omega = CherenkovPhotonArray(ckarray)
cq = np.cos(zenith)
sq = np.sin(zenith)
cp = np.cos(azimuth)
sp = np.sin(azimuth)
steps = np.append(
np.append(
np.linspace( 0, 1000,100,endpoint=False,dtype=float),
np.linspace(1000,10000,90,endpoint=False,dtype=float)),
np.linspace(10000,84000,75,dtype=float))
hs = (steps[1:]+steps[:-1])/2
dhs = steps[1:]-steps[:-1]
nh = len(hs)
rs = hs*sq/cq
c = value('speed of light in vacuum')
xs = np.empty_like(hs)
xs[-1] = self.atmosphere.depth(hs[-1])
for i in range(nh-2,-1,-1):
xs[i] = xs[i+1] + self.atmosphere.depth(hs[i],hs[i+1])
xs /= cq
self.location = np.empty((nh,3),dtype=float)
self.location[:,0] = self.impact_x + rs*cp
self.location[:,1] = self.impact_y + rs*sp
self.location[:,2] = hs
self.heights = self.location[:,2]
self.steps = dhs/cq
self.times = hs/cq/c
self.slant_depths = xs
self.sizes = self.size(xs)
self.stages = self.stage(xs)
self.deltas = self.atmosphere.delta(hs)
xh = zip(xs,hs)
self.csizes = np.array([self.cherenkov_size(x,h) for x,h in xh])
xh = zip(xs,hs)
self.cyield = np.array([self.cherenkov_yield(x,h) for x,h in xh])
self.cphots = self.steps * self.csizes * self.cyield
nq = len(self.ng_t_delta_Omega.theta)
self.cangs = np.empty((nh,nq),dtype=float)
itd = zip(np.arange(nh),self.stages,self.deltas)
for i,t,d in itd:
self.cangs[i] = self.ng_t_delta_Omega.angular_distribution(t,d)
def __repr__(self):
return "ShowerCherernkov(%.2e,%.0f,%.0f,%.0f,%.4f)"%(
self.Nmax,self.Xmax,self.X0,self.Lambda,self.zenith)
def size(self,X):
"""Return the size of the shower at a slant-depth X
Parameters:
X: the slant depth at which to calculate the shower size [g/cm2]
Returns:
N: the shower size
"""
x = (X-self.X0)/self.Lambda
m = (self.Xmax-self.X0)/self.Lambda
n = np.exp( m*(np.log(x)-np.log(m)) - (x-m) )
return self.Nmax * n
def size_height(self,h):
"""Return the size of the shower at an elevation h
Parameters:
h: the height about sea-level [m]
Returns:
N: the shower size
"""
d1 = h/np.cos(self.zenith)
X = self.atmosphere.depth(d1) if self.zenith==0 else \
self.atmosphere.slant_depth(self.zenith,d1)
return self.size(X)
def stage(self,X,X0=36.62):
"""Return the shower stage at a given slant-depth X. This
is after Lafebre et al.
Parameters:
X: atmosphering slant-depth [g/cm2]
X0: radiation length of air [g/cm2]
Returns:
t: shower stage
"""
return (X-self.Xmax)/X0
def cherenkov_size(self,X,h):
"""Return the size of the shower at a given slant-depth X
that can produce Cherenkov radiation.
Parameters:
X: the slant depth at which to calculate the shower size [g/cm2]
h: the height corresponding to the X [m]
Returns:
N: the size of the shower over the Cherenkov threshold
"""
delta = self.atmosphere.delta(h)
Ec = CherenkovPhoton.cherenkov_threshold(delta)
t = self.stage(X)
fe = EnergyDistribution('Tot',t)
fraction,_ = quad(fe.spectrum,np.log(Ec),35.)
return fraction*self.size(X)
def cherenkov_yield(self,X,h,lambda1=300.,lambda2=600.):
"""Return the number of Cherenkov photons produced at X and h.
Parameters:
X: the slant depth at which to calculate the Cherenkov yield [g/cm2]
h: the height corresponding to the X [m]
lambda1: the lower limit to the wavelength range [nm]
lambda2: the upper limit to the wavelength range [nm]
Returns:
Nck: the Number of Cherenkov photons produced [1/m]
"""
alpha_over_hbarc = 370.e2 # per eV per m, from PDG
hc = value('Planck constant in eV s') * \
value('speed of light in vacuum')
E1 = hc/(lambda1*nano)
E2 = hc/(lambda2*nano)
dE = np.abs(E1-E2)
delta = self.atmosphere.delta(h)
q = CherenkovPhoton.cherenkov_angle(1.e12,delta)
return alpha_over_hbarc * np.sin(q)**2 * dE
def pv_interface_timeseries(namelist, atm, panel):
"""Return the spatio-temporal PV power from atmospheric inputs, panel characteristics and PV code options"""
ncol, nt = np.shape(atm.ta) # to get the dimensions of the input
nthread = namelist.nthread # number of parallel processes
power = [] # initialization of the power to be returned
for n in range(ncol):
# The code is called for each point of the domain, and a time series is returned
atm_column = Atmosphere(
*atm.get_column(n)) # extract one column from full atmosphere
atm_column.set_sun_geometry(
atm.sza[n, :], atm.saa[n, :], atm.sw_toa[n, :]
) # sun geometry for the point is taken from full sun geometry
if panel.technology == "tracker":
panel.set_geometry(atm_column.sza, atm_column.saa, atm_column) #
# Multi-porcessing
if nthread > 1:
#----------------------------
import multiprocessing as mp
#----------------------------
print("Multi-processes with %s processes" % nthread)
outputs = [
mp.Queue() for x in range(nthread)
] # independent Queue objects to avoid out-of-order return at the end
m = int(nt // nthread) # how to equally slice the input atmosphere
processes = []
# Preparing all processes
for k in range(nthread - 1):
n1 = k * m # start of the slice
n2 = (k + 1) * m # end of the slice
atm_temp = Atmosphere(*atm_column.get_column_time_series(
n1, n2
)) # new atmosphere built as temporal slice of full atmosphere
atm_temp.set_sun_geometry(
atm_column.sza[n1:n2], atm_column.saa[n1:n2],
atm_column.sw_toa[n1:n2]
) # sun geometry set for this Atmosphere object
processes += [
mp.Process(target=pv_prod,
args=(namelist, atm_temp, panel, n2 - n1,
outputs[k]))
] # processes call pv_production vi pv_prod interface and output the result to the dedicated Queue
# Residual for last thread
n1 = (nthread - 1) * m
n2 = nt
atm_temp = Atmosphere(*atm_column.get_column_time_series(n1, n2))
atm_temp.set_sun_geometry(atm_column.sza[n1:n2],
atm_column.saa[n1:n2],
atm_column.sw_toa[n1:n2])
processes += [
mp.Process(target=pv_prod,
args=(namelist, atm_temp, panel, n2 - n1,
outputs[-1]))
]
# Start processes
for p in processes:
p.start()
# Exit the completed processes
for p in processes:
p.join()
# Concatenate all Queues
power0 = np.array([])
for k, p in enumerate(processes):
power0 = np.concatenate((power0, outputs[k].get()))
# No multi-processing but splitting input according to maxcol if provided
else:
try:
mt = namelist.maxlen # split full timeseries into slices of length maxlen
m = int(
nt // mt
) # this corresponds to m + 1 independent computations (nt = m * mt + res)
power0 = np.array([])
print("Time series split in", m)
for k in range(m):
n1 = k * mt # start of the slice
n2 = (k + 1) * mt # end of the slice
atm_temp = Atmosphere(
*atm_column.get_column_time_series(n1, n2)
) # new atmosphere built as temporal slice of full atmosphere
atm_temp.set_sun_geometry(
atm_column.sza[n1:n2], atm_column.saa[n1:n2],
atm_column.sw_toa[n1:n2]
) # sun geometry set for this Atmosphere object
power0 = np.concatenate(
(power0, pv_power(namelist, atm_temp, panel, n2 - n1)))
# Residual for last thread
n1 = m * mt
n2 = nt
atm_temp = Atmosphere(
*atm_column.get_column_time_series(n1, n2))
atm_temp.set_sun_geometry(atm_column.sza[n1:n2],
atm_column.saa[n1:n2],
atm_column.sw_toa[n1:n2])
power0 = np.concatenate(
(power0, pv_power(namelist, atm_temp, panel, n2 - n1)))
except:
power0 = pv_power(namelist, atm_column, panel, nt)
power += [power0]
return np.array(power)