def __call__(self, pre_size, post_size):
super(IJConn, self).__call__(pre_size, post_size)
max_pre = np.max(self.pre_ids)
max_post = np.max(self.post_ids)
if max_pre >= self.pre_num:
raise ConnectorError(f'pre_num ({self.pre_num}) should be greater than '
f'the maximum id ({max_pre}) of self.pre_ids.')
if max_post >= self.post_num:
raise ConnectorError(f'post_num ({self.post_num}) should be greater than '
f'the maximum id ({max_post}) of self.post_ids.')
return self
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
assert self.pre_size == self.post_size
if isinstance(self.pre_size, int) or (isinstance(self.pre_size, (tuple, list)) and len(self.pre_size) == 1):
num_node = self.pre_num
if self.num_neighbor > num_node:
raise ConnectorError("num_neighbor > num_node, choose smaller num_neighbor or larger num_node")
# If k == n, the graph is complete not Watts-Strogatz
if self.num_neighbor == num_node:
conn = np.ones((num_node, num_node), dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
else:
conn = np.zeros((num_node, num_node), dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
nodes = np.array(list(range(num_node))) # nodes are labeled 0 to n-1
# connect each node to k/2 neighbors
for j in range(1, self.num_neighbor // 2 + 1):
targets = np.concatenate([nodes[j:], nodes[0:j]]) # first j nodes are now last in list
conn[nodes, targets] = True
conn[targets, nodes] = True
# rewire edges from each node
# loop over all nodes in order (label) and neighbors in order (distance)
# no self loops or multiple edges allowed
for j in range(1, self.num_neighbor // 2 + 1): # outer loop is neighbors
targets = np.concatenate([nodes[j:], nodes[0:j]]) # first j nodes are now last in list
if self.directed:
# inner loop in node order
for u, v in zip(nodes, targets):
w = _smallworld_rewire(prob=self.prob, i=u, all_j=conn[u], include_self=self.include_self)
if w != -1:
conn[u, v] = False
conn[u, w] = True
w = _smallworld_rewire(prob=self.prob, i=u, all_j=conn[:, u], include_self=self.include_self)
if w != -1:
conn[v, u] = False
conn[w, u] = True
else:
# inner loop in node order
for u, v in zip(nodes, targets):
w = _smallworld_rewire(prob=self.prob, i=u, all_j=conn[u], include_self=self.include_self)
if w != -1:
conn[u, v] = False
conn[v, u] = False
conn[u, w] = True
conn[w, u] = True
# conn = np.asarray(conn, dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
else:
raise ConnectorError('Currently only support 1D ring connection.')
return self.make_returns(structures, mat=conn)
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
assert self.pre_num == self.post_num
num_node = self.pre_num
if self.m < 1 or self.m >= num_node:
raise ConnectorError(f"Barabási–Albert network must have m >= 1 and "
f"m < n, while m = {self.m} and n = {num_node}")
# Add m initial nodes (m0 in barabasi-speak)
conn = np.zeros((num_node, num_node), dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
# Target nodes for new edges
targets = list(range(self.m))
# List of existing nodes, with nodes repeated once for each adjacent edge
repeated_nodes = []
# Start adding the other n-m nodes. The first node is m.
source = self.m
while source < num_node:
# Add edges to m nodes from the source.
origins = [source] * self.m
conn[origins, targets] = True
if not self.directed:
conn[targets, origins] = True
# Add one node to the list for each new edge just created.
repeated_nodes.extend(targets)
# And the new node "source" has m edges to add to the list.
repeated_nodes.extend([source] * self.m)
# Now choose m unique nodes from the existing nodes
# Pick uniformly from repeated_nodes (preferential attachment)
targets = list(_random_subset(repeated_nodes, self.m, self.rng))
source += 1
return self.make_returns(structures, mat=conn)
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
if len(self.pre_size) == 1:
height, width = self.pre_size[0], 1
elif len(self.pre_size) == 2:
height, width = self.pre_size
else:
raise ConnectorError(
f'Currently, GridN only supports the two-dimensional geometry.'
)
conn_i = []
conn_j = []
for row in range(height):
res = _grid_n(height=height,
width=width,
row=row,
n=self.N,
include_self=self.include_self)
conn_i.extend(res[0])
conn_j.extend(res[1])
pre_ids = np.asarray(conn_i, dtype=IDX_DTYPE)
post_ids = np.asarray(conn_j, dtype=IDX_DTYPE)
return self.make_returns(structures, ij=(pre_ids, post_ids))
def __init__(self, m, p, directed=False, seed=None):
super(PowerLaw, self).__init__()
self.m = m
self.p = p
if self.p > 1 or self.p < 0:
raise ConnectorError(f"p must be in [0,1], while p={self.p}")
self.directed = directed
self.seed = seed
self.rng = np.random.RandomState(seed)
def __call__(self, pre_size, post_size):
try:
assert self.pre_num == tools.size2num(pre_size)
assert self.post_num == tools.size2num(post_size)
except AssertionError:
raise ConnectorError(f'(pre_size, post_size) is inconsistent with the shape of the sparse matrix.')
super(SparseMatConn, self).__call__(pre_size, post_size)
return self
def check(self, structures: Union[Tuple, List, str]):
# check "pre_num" and "post_num"
try:
assert self.pre_num is not None and self.post_num is not None
except AssertionError:
raise ConnectorError(f'self.pre_num or self.post_num is not defined. '
f'Please use self.__call__(pre_size, post_size) '
f'before requiring properties.')
# check synaptic structures
if isinstance(structures, str):
structures = [structures]
if structures is None or len(structures) == 0:
raise ConnectorError('No synaptic structure is received.')
for n in structures:
if n not in SUPPORTED_SYN_STRUCTURE:
raise ConnectorError(f'Unknown synapse structure "{n}". '
f'Only {SUPPORTED_SYN_STRUCTURE} is supported.')
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
try:
assert self.pre_num == self.post_num
except AssertionError:
raise ConnectorError(
f'One2One connection must be defined in two groups with the '
f'same size, but {self.pre_num} != {self.post_num}.')
ind = np.arange(self.pre_num)
indptr = np.arange(self.pre_num + 1)
return self.make_returns(structures, csr=(ind, indptr))
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
assert self.pre_num == self.post_num
num_node = self.pre_num
if self.m1 < 1 or self.m1 >= num_node:
raise ConnectorError(f"Dual Barabási–Albert network must have m1 >= 1 and m1 < num_node, "
f"while m1 = {self.m1} and num_node = {num_node}.")
if self.m2 < 1 or self.m2 >= num_node:
raise ConnectorError(f"Dual Barabási–Albert network must have m2 >= 1 and m2 < num_node, "
f"while m2 = {self.m2} and num_node = {num_node}.")
if self.p < 0 or self.p > 1:
raise ConnectorError(f"Dual Barabási–Albert network must have 0 <= p <= 1, while p = {self.p}")
# Add max(m1,m2) initial nodes (m0 in barabasi-speak)
conn = np.zeros((num_node, num_node), dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
# List of existing nodes, with nodes repeated once for each adjacent edge
repeated_nodes = []
# Start adding the remaining nodes.
source = max(self.m1, self.m2)
# Pick which m to use first time (m1 or m2)
m = self.m1 if self.rng.random() < self.p else self.m2
# Target nodes for new edges
targets = list(range(m))
while source < num_node:
# Add edges to m nodes from the source.
origins = [source] * m
conn[origins, targets] = True
if not self.directed:
conn[targets, origins] = True
# Add one node to the list for each new edge just created.
repeated_nodes.extend(targets)
# And the new node "source" has m edges to add to the list.
repeated_nodes.extend([source] * m)
# Pick which m to use next time (m1 or m2)
m = self.m1 if self.rng.random() < self.p else self.m2
# Now choose m unique nodes from the existing nodes
# Pick uniformly from repeated_nodes (preferential attachment)
targets = list(_random_subset(repeated_nodes, m, self.rng))
source += 1
return self.make_returns(structures, mat=conn)
def __init__(self, num, include_self=True, seed=None):
super(FixedPostNum, self).__init__()
if isinstance(num, int):
assert num >= 0, '"num" must be a non-negative integer.'
elif isinstance(num, float):
assert 0. <= num <= 1., '"num" must be in [0., 1.).'
else:
raise ConnectorError(f'Unknown type: {type(num)}')
self.num = num
self.seed = seed
self.include_self = include_self
self.rng = np.random.RandomState(seed=seed)
def __init__(self, csr_mat):
super(SparseMatConn, self).__init__()
try:
from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
except (ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError):
raise ConnectorError(f'Using SparseMatConn requires the scipy package. '
f'Please run "pip install scipy" to install scipy.')
assert isinstance(csr_mat, csr_matrix)
csr_mat.data = np.asarray(csr_mat.data, dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
self.csr_mat = csr_mat
self.pre_num, self.post_num = csr_mat.shape
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
assert self.pre_num == self.post_num
num_node = self.pre_num
if self.m < 1 or num_node < self.m:
raise ConnectorError(f"Must have m>1 and m<n, while m={self.m} and n={num_node}")
# add m initial nodes (m0 in barabasi-speak)
conn = np.zeros((num_node, num_node), dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
repeated_nodes = list(range(self.m)) # list of existing nodes to sample from
# with nodes repeated once for each adjacent edge
source = self.m # next node is m
while source < num_node: # Now add the other n-1 nodes
possible_targets = _random_subset(repeated_nodes, self.m, self.rng)
# do one preferential attachment for new node
target = possible_targets.pop()
conn[source, target] = True
if not self.directed:
conn[target, source] = True
repeated_nodes.append(target) # add one node to list for each new link
count = 1
while count < self.m: # add m-1 more new links
if self.rng.random() < self.p: # clustering step: add triangle
neighbors = np.where(conn[target])[0]
neighborhood = [nbr for nbr in neighbors if not conn[source, nbr] and not nbr == source]
if neighborhood: # if there is a neighbor without a link
nbr = self.rng.choice(neighborhood)
conn[source, nbr] = True # add triangle
if not self.directed:
conn[nbr, source] = True
repeated_nodes.append(nbr)
count = count + 1
continue # go to top of while loop
# else do preferential attachment step if above fails
target = possible_targets.pop()
conn[source, target] = True
if not self.directed:
conn[target, source] = True
repeated_nodes.append(target)
count = count + 1
repeated_nodes.extend([source] * self.m) # add source node to list m times
source += 1
return self.make_returns(structures, mat=conn)
def make_returns(self, structures, csr=None, mat=None, ij=None):
"""Make the desired synaptic structures and return them.
"""
# checking
all_data = dict()
if (csr is None) and (mat is None) and (ij is None):
raise ConnectorError('Must provide one of "csr", "mat" or "ij".')
structures = (structures,) if isinstance(structures, str) else structures
assert isinstance(structures, (tuple, list))
# "csr" structure
if csr is not None:
assert isinstance(csr[0], np.ndarray)
assert isinstance(csr[1], np.ndarray)
if (PRE2POST in structures) and (PRE2POST not in all_data):
all_data[PRE2POST] = (math.asarray(csr[0], dtype=IDX_DTYPE),
math.asarray(csr[1], dtype=IDX_DTYPE))
self._return_by_csr(structures, csr=csr, all_data=all_data)
# "mat" structure
if mat is not None:
assert isinstance(mat, np.ndarray) and np.ndim(mat) == 2
if (CONN_MAT in structures) and (CONN_MAT not in all_data):
all_data[CONN_MAT] = math.asarray(mat, dtype=MAT_DTYPE)
self._return_by_mat(structures, mat=mat, all_data=all_data)
# "ij" structure
if ij is not None:
assert isinstance(ij[0], np.ndarray)
assert isinstance(ij[1], np.ndarray)
if (PRE_IDS in structures) and (PRE_IDS not in structures):
all_data[PRE_IDS] = math.asarray(ij[0], dtype=IDX_DTYPE)
if (POST_IDS in structures) and (POST_IDS not in structures):
all_data[POST_IDS] = math.asarray(ij[1], dtype=IDX_DTYPE)
self._return_by_ij(structures, ij=ij, all_data=all_data)
# return
if len(structures) == 1:
return all_data[structures[0]]
else:
return tuple([all_data[n] for n in structures])
def __call__(self, pre_size, post_size=None):
if post_size is None:
post_size = pre_size
try:
assert pre_size == post_size
except AssertionError:
raise ConnectorError(
f'The shape of pre-synaptic group should be the same with the post group. '
f'But we got {pre_size} != {post_size}.')
if isinstance(pre_size, int):
pre_size = (pre_size,)
else:
pre_size = tuple(pre_size)
if isinstance(post_size, int):
post_size = (post_size,)
else:
post_size = tuple(post_size)
self.pre_size, self.post_size = pre_size, post_size
self.pre_num = tools.size2num(self.pre_size)
self.post_num = tools.size2num(self.post_size)
return self
def require(self, *structures):
self.check(structures)
# value range to encode
if self.encoding_values is None:
value_ranges = tuple([(0, s) for s in self.pre_size])
elif isinstance(self.encoding_values, (tuple, list)):
if len(self.encoding_values) == 0:
raise ConnectorError(f'encoding_values has a length of 0.')
elif isinstance(self.encoding_values[0], (int, float)):
assert len(self.encoding_values) == 2
assert self.encoding_values[0] < self.encoding_values[1]
value_ranges = tuple([self.encoding_values for _ in self.pre_size])
elif isinstance(self.encoding_values[0], (tuple, list)):
if len(self.encoding_values) != len(self.pre_size):
raise ConnectorError(f'The network size has {len(self.pre_size)} dimensions, while '
f'the encoded values provided only has {len(self.encoding_values)}-D. '
f'Error in {str(self)}.')
for v in self.encoding_values:
assert isinstance(v[0], (int, float))
assert len(v) == 2
value_ranges = tuple(self.encoding_values)
else:
raise ConnectorError(f'Unsupported encoding values: {self.encoding_values}')
else:
raise ConnectorError(f'Unsupported encoding values: {self.encoding_values}')
# values
values = [np.linspace(vs[0], vs[1], n + 1)[:n] for vs, n in zip(value_ranges, self.pre_size)]
post_values = np.stack([v.flatten() for v in np.meshgrid(*values)])
value_sizes = np.array([v[1] - v[0] for v in value_ranges])
if value_sizes.ndim < post_values.ndim:
value_sizes = np.expand_dims(value_sizes, axis=tuple([i + 1 for i in range(post_values.ndim - 1)]))
# probability of connections
prob_mat = []
for i in range(self.pre_num):
# values for node i
i_coordinate = tuple()
for s in self.pre_size[:-1]:
i, pos = divmod(i, s)
i_coordinate += (pos,)
i_coordinate += (i,)
i_value = np.array([values[i][c] for i, c in enumerate(i_coordinate)])
if i_value.ndim < post_values.ndim:
i_value = np.expand_dims(i_value, axis=tuple([i + 1 for i in range(post_values.ndim - 1)]))
# distances
dists = np.abs(i_value - post_values)
if self.periodic_boundary:
dists = np.where(dists > value_sizes / 2, value_sizes - dists, dists)
exp_dists = np.exp(-(np.linalg.norm(dists, axis=0) / self.sigma) ** 2 / 2)
prob_mat.append(exp_dists)
prob_mat = np.stack(prob_mat)
if self.normalize:
prob_mat /= prob_mat.max()
# connectivity
conn_mat = prob_mat >= self.rng.random(prob_mat.shape)
if not self.include_self:
np.fill_diagonal(conn_mat, False)
return self.make_returns(structures, mat=conn_mat)
