class ExtendedFinancialAnalysis_Example(Assembly):
""" Extended financial analysis assembly for coupling models to get a full wind plant cost of energy estimate as well as provides a detailed cost breakdown for the plant. """
# Inputs
turbine_number = Int(iotype='in', desc='number of turbines at plant')
#Outputs
turbine_cost = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Turbine Capital _cost')
bos_costs = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Balance of Station _cost Model')
avg_annual_opex = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Operations Expenditures Model')
net_aep = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Annual Energy Production Model',
units='kW*h')
coe = Float(iotype='out',
desc='Levelized cost of energy for the wind plant')
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
bos_breakdown = VarTree(BOSVarTree(),
iotype='out',
desc='BOS cost breakdown')
def configure(self):
configure_extended_financial_analysis(self)
self.replace('tcc_a', BaseTurbineCostModel_Example())
self.replace('aep_a', BaseAEPModel_Example())
self.replace('fin_a', BaseFinancialModel_Example())
self.replace('bos_a', ExtendedBOSCostModel_Example())
self.replace('opex_a', ExtendedOPEXModel_Example())
class ExtendedOPEXModel_Example(Assembly):
""" Extended operational expenditures assembly for coupling models to get a full wind plant operational expenditures estimate as well as a detailed cost breakdown. """
# Outputs
avg_annual_opex = Float(
iotype='out',
desc=
'Average annual Operating Expenditures for a wind plant over its lifetime'
)
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
def configure(self):
configure_extended_opex(self)
self.replace('opex', ExtendedOPEXAggregator_Example())
class opex_ecn_assembly(Assembly):
# variables
turbine_cost = Float(units='USD',
iotype='in',
desc='turbine system capital costs')
machine_rating = Float(units='kW',
iotype='in',
desc='wind turbine rated power')
# parameters
turbine_number = Int(100,
iotype='in',
desc='total number of wind turbines at the plant')
project_lifetime = Float(20.0,
iotype='in',
desc='project lifetime for wind plant')
# Outputs
avg_annual_opex = Float(
iotype='out',
desc=
'Average annual Operating Expenditures for a wind plant over its lifetime'
)
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
availability = Float(0.0, iotype='out', desc='Availability')
def __init__(self, ssfile=None):
self.ssfile = ssfile
Assembly.__init__(self)
def configure(self):
configure_extended_opex(self)
self.replace('opex', opex_ecn_offshore_component(self.ssfile))
self.connect('turbine_cost', 'opex.turbine_cost')
self.connect('machine_rating', 'opex.machine_rating')
self.connect('turbine_number', 'opex.turbine_number')
self.connect('project_lifetime', 'opex.project_lifetime')
self.connect('opex.availability', 'availability')
class ExtendedOPEXAggregator_Example(Component):
""" Extended operational expenditures aggregator for doing some auxiliary cost calculations needed to get a full wind plant operational expenditures estimate as well as a detailed cost breakdown. """
# Outputs
avg_annual_opex = Float(
iotype='out',
desc=
'Average annual Operating Expenditures for a wind plant over its lifetime'
)
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
def execute(self):
self.avg_annual_opex = 50000000.00
self.opex_breakdown.preventative_opex = self.avg_annual_opex * 0.25
self.opex_breakdown.corrective_opex = self.avg_annual_opex * 0.50
self.opex_breakdown.lease_opex = self.avg_annual_opex * 0.25
self.opex_breakdown.other_opex = 0.0
class ExtendedFinancialAnalysis(Assembly):
""" Extended financial analysis assembly for coupling models to get a full wind plant cost of energy estimate as well as provides a detailed cost breakdown for the plant. """
# Inputs
turbine_number = Int(iotype='in', desc='number of turbines at plant')
#Outputs
turbine_cost = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Turbine Capital _cost')
bos_costs = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Balance of Station _cost Model')
avg_annual_opex = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Operations Expenditures Model')
net_aep = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Annual Energy Production Model',
units='kW*h')
coe = Float(iotype='out',
desc='Levelized cost of energy for the wind plant')
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
bos_breakdown = VarTree(BOSVarTree(),
iotype='out',
desc='BOS cost breakdown')
class lcoe_se_assembly(Assembly):
# Base I/O
# Inputs
turbine_number = Int(iotype='in', desc='number of turbines at plant')
#Outputs
turbine_cost = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Turbine Capital _cost')
bos_costs = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Balance of Station _cost Model')
avg_annual_opex = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Operations Expenditures Model')
net_aep = Float(iotype='out',
desc='A Wind Plant Annual Energy Production Model',
units='kW*h')
coe = Float(iotype='out',
desc='Levelized cost of energy for the wind plant')
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
bos_breakdown = VarTree(BOSVarTree(),
iotype='out',
desc='BOS cost breakdown')
# Configuration options
with_new_nacelle = Bool(
False,
iotype='in',
desc='configure with DriveWPACT if false, else configure with DriveSE')
with_landbose = Bool(
False,
iotype='in',
desc=
'configure with CSM BOS if false, else configure with new LandBOS model'
)
flexible_blade = Bool(False,
iotype='in',
desc='configure rotor with flexible blade if True')
with_3pt_drive = Bool(
False,
iotype='in',
desc=
'only used if configuring DriveSE - selects 3 pt or 4 pt design option'
) # TODO: change nacelle selection to enumerated rather than nested boolean
with_ecn_opex = Bool(
False,
iotype='in',
desc=
'configure with CSM OPEX if flase, else configure with ECN OPEX model')
ecn_file = Str(iotype='in', desc='location of ecn excel file if used')
# Other I/O needed at lcoe system level
sea_depth = Float(0.0,
units='m',
iotype='in',
desc='sea depth for offshore wind project')
year = Int(2009, iotype='in', desc='year of project start')
month = Int(12, iotype='in', desc='month of project start')
project_lifetime = Float(20.0,
iotype='in',
desc='project lifetime for wind plant')
def __init__(self,
with_new_nacelle=False,
with_landbos=False,
flexible_blade=False,
with_3pt_drive=False,
with_ecn_opex=False,
ecn_file=None):
self.with_new_nacelle = with_new_nacelle
self.with_landbos = with_landbos
self.flexible_blade = flexible_blade
self.with_3pt_drive = with_3pt_drive
self.with_ecn_opex = with_ecn_opex
if ecn_file == None:
self.ecn_file = ''
else:
self.ecn_file = ecn_file
super(lcoe_se_assembly, self).__init__()
def configure(self):
"""
tcc_a inputs:
advanced_blade = Bool
offshore = Bool
assemblyCostMultiplier = Float
overheadCostMultiplier = Float
profitMultiplier = Float
transportMultiplier = Float
aep inputs:
array_losses = Float
other_losses = Float
fin inputs:
fixed_charge_rate = Float
construction_finance_rate = Float
tax_rate = Float
discount_rate = Float
construction_time = Float
bos inputs:
bos_multiplier = Float
inputs:
sea_depth
year
month
project lifetime
if csm opex additional inputs:
availability = Float()
if openwind opex additional inputs:
power_curve
rpm
ct
if with_landbos additional inputs:
voltage
distInter
terrain
layout
soil
"""
# configure base assembly
configure_extended_financial_analysis(self)
# putting replace statements here for now; TODO - openmdao bug
# replace BOS with either CSM or landbos
if self.with_landbos:
self.replace('bos_a', NREL_Land_BOSSE())
else:
self.replace('bos_a', bos_csm_assembly())
self.replace('tcc_a', Turbine_CostsSE())
if self.with_ecn_opex:
self.replace('opex_a', opex_ecn_assembly(ecn_file))
else:
self.replace('opex_a', opex_csm_assembly())
self.replace('aep_a', aep_weibull_assembly())
self.replace('fin_a', fin_csm_assembly())
# add TurbineSE assembly
configure_turbine(self, self.with_new_nacelle, self.flexible_blade,
self.with_3pt_drive)
# replace TCC with turbine_costs
configure_lcoe_with_turb_costs(self)
# replace BOS with either CSM or landbos
if self.with_landbos:
configure_lcoe_with_landbos(self)
else:
configure_lcoe_with_csm_bos(self)
# replace AEP with weibull AEP (TODO: option for basic aep)
configure_lcoe_with_weibull_aep(self)
# replace OPEX with CSM or ECN opex and add AEP
if self.with_ecn_opex:
configure_lcoe_with_ecn_opex(self, ecn_file)
self.connect(
'opex_a.availability', 'aep_a.availability'
) # connecting here due to aep / opex reversal depending on model
else:
configure_lcoe_with_csm_opex(self)
self.add(
'availability',
Float(
0.94,
iotype='in',
desc='average annual availbility of wind turbines at plant'
))
self.connect(
'availability', 'aep_a.availability'
) # connecting here due to aep / opex reversal depending on model
# replace Finance with CSM Finance
configure_lcoe_with_csm_fin(self)
class lcoe_csm_assembly(Assembly):
# Variables
machine_rating = Float(units = 'kW', iotype='in', desc= 'rated machine power in kW')
rotor_diameter = Float(units = 'm', iotype='in', desc= 'rotor diameter of the machine')
max_tip_speed = Float(units = 'm/s', iotype='in', desc= 'maximum allowable tip speed for the rotor')
hub_height = Float(units = 'm', iotype='in', desc='hub height of wind turbine above ground / sea level')
sea_depth = Float(units = 'm', iotype='in', desc = 'sea depth for offshore wind project')
# Parameters
drivetrain_design = Enum('geared', ('geared', 'single_stage', 'multi_drive', 'pm_direct_drive'), iotype='in')
altitude = Float(0.0, units = 'm', iotype='in', desc= 'altitude of wind plant')
turbine_number = Int(100, iotype='in', desc = 'total number of wind turbines at the plant')
year = Int(2009, iotype='in', desc = 'year of project start')
month = Int(12, iotype='in', desc = 'month of project start')
# Extra AEP parameters
max_power_coefficient = Float(0.488, iotype='in', desc= 'maximum power coefficient of rotor for operation in region 2')
opt_tsr = Float(7.525, iotype='in', desc= 'optimum tip speed ratio for operation in region 2')
cut_in_wind_speed = Float(3.0, units = 'm/s', iotype='in', desc= 'cut in wind speed for the wind turbine')
cut_out_wind_speed = Float(25.0, units = 'm/s', iotype='in', desc= 'cut out wind speed for the wind turbine')
altitude = Float(0.0, units = 'm', iotype='in', desc= 'altitude of wind plant')
shear_exponent = Float(0.1, iotype='in', desc= 'shear exponent for wind plant')
wind_speed_50m = Float(8.35, units = 'm/s', iotype='in', desc='mean annual wind speed at 50 m height')
weibull_k= Float(2.1, iotype='in', desc = 'weibull shape factor for annual wind speed distribution')
soiling_losses = Float(0.0, iotype='in', desc = 'energy losses due to blade soiling for the wind plant - average across turbines')
array_losses = Float(0.06, iotype='in', desc = 'energy losses due to turbine interactions - across entire plant')
availability = Float(0.94287630736, iotype='in', desc = 'average annual availbility of wind turbines at plant')
thrust_coefficient = Float(0.50, iotype='in', desc='thrust coefficient at rated power')
# Extra TCC parameters
blade_number = Int(3, iotype='in', desc = 'number of rotor blades')
offshore = Bool(True, iotype='in', desc = 'boolean for offshore')
advanced_blade = Bool(False, iotype='in', desc = 'boolean for use of advanced blade curve')
crane = Bool(True, iotype='in', desc = 'boolean for presence of a service crane up tower')
advanced_bedplate = Int(0, iotype='in', desc= 'indicator for drivetrain bedplate design 0 - conventional')
advanced_tower = Bool(False, iotype='in', desc = 'advanced tower configuration')
# Extra Finance parameters
fixed_charge_rate = Float(0.12, iotype = 'in', desc = 'fixed charge rate for coe calculation')
construction_finance_rate = Float(0.00, iotype='in', desc = 'construction financing rate applied to overnight capital costs')
tax_rate = Float(0.4, iotype = 'in', desc = 'tax rate applied to operations')
discount_rate = Float(0.07, iotype = 'in', desc = 'applicable project discount rate')
construction_time = Float(1.0, iotype = 'in', desc = 'number of years to complete project construction')
project_lifetime = Float(20.0, iotype = 'in', desc = 'project lifetime for LCOE calculation')
#Outputs
turbine_cost = Float(iotype='out', desc = 'A Wind Turbine Capital _cost')
bos_costs = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Plant Balance of Station _cost Model')
avg_annual_opex = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Plant Operations Expenditures Model')
net_aep = Float(iotype='out', desc='A Wind Plant Annual Energy Production Model', units='kW*h')
coe = Float(iotype='out', desc='Levelized cost of energy for the wind plant')
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(),iotype='out')
bos_breakdown = VarTree(BOSVarTree(), iotype='out', desc='BOS cost breakdown')
#AEP outputs
rated_wind_speed = Float(11.506, units = 'm / s', iotype='out', desc='wind speed for rated power')
rated_rotor_speed = Float(12.126, units = 'rpm', iotype='out', desc = 'rotor speed at rated power')
rotor_thrust = Float(iotype='out', units='N', desc='maximum thrust from rotor')
rotor_torque = Float(iotype='out', units='N * m', desc = 'torque from rotor at rated power')
power_curve = Array(np.array([[4.0,80.0],[25.0, 5000.0]]), iotype='out', desc = 'power curve for a particular rotor')
max_efficiency = Float(0.902, iotype='out', desc = 'maximum efficiency of rotor and drivetrain - at rated power')
gross_aep = Float(0.0, iotype='out', desc='Gross Annual Energy Production before availability and loss impacts', unit='kWh')
#TCC outputs
turbine_mass = Float(0.0, units='kg', iotype='out', desc='turbine mass')
#Finance outputs
lcoe = Float(iotype='out', desc='_cost of energy - unlevelized')
def configure(self):
configure_extended_financial_analysis(self)
self.replace('tcc_a', tcc_csm_assembly())
self.replace('bos_a', bos_csm_assembly())
self.replace('opex_a', opex_csm_assembly())
self.replace('aep_a', aep_csm_assembly())
self.replace('fin_a', fin_csm_assembly())
# connect i/o to component and assembly inputs
# turbine configuration
# rotor
self.connect('rotor_diameter', ['aep_a.rotor_diameter', 'tcc_a.rotor_diameter', 'bos_a.rotor_diameter'])
self.connect('max_tip_speed', ['aep_a.max_tip_speed'])
self.connect('opt_tsr','aep_a.opt_tsr')
self.connect('cut_in_wind_speed','aep_a.cut_in_wind_speed')
self.connect('cut_out_wind_speed','aep_a.cut_out_wind_speed')
self.connect('altitude','aep_a.altitude')
self.connect('shear_exponent','aep_a.shear_exponent')
self.connect('wind_speed_50m','aep_a.wind_speed_50m')
self.connect('weibull_k','aep_a.weibull_k')
self.connect('soiling_losses','aep_a.soiling_losses')
self.connect('array_losses','aep_a.array_losses')
self.connect('availability','aep_a.availability')
self.connect('thrust_coefficient','aep_a.thrust_coefficient')
self.connect('blade_number','tcc_a.blade_number')
self.connect('advanced_blade','tcc_a.advanced_blade')
# drivetrain
self.connect('machine_rating', ['aep_a.machine_rating', 'tcc_a.machine_rating', 'bos_a.machine_rating', 'opex_a.machine_rating'])
self.connect('drivetrain_design', ['aep_a.drivetrain_design', 'tcc_a.drivetrain_design'])
self.connect('crane','tcc_a.crane')
self.connect('advanced_bedplate','tcc_a.advanced_bedplate')
# tower
self.connect('hub_height', ['aep_a.hub_height', 'tcc_a.hub_height', 'bos_a.hub_height'])
self.connect('advanced_tower','tcc_a.advanced_tower')
# plant configuration
# climate
self.connect('sea_depth', ['bos_a.sea_depth', 'opex_a.sea_depth', 'fin_a.sea_depth'])
self.connect('offshore','tcc_a.offshore')
# plant operation
self.connect('turbine_number', ['aep_a.turbine_number', 'bos_a.turbine_number', 'opex_a.turbine_number'])
# financial
self.connect('year', ['tcc_a.year', 'bos_a.year', 'opex_a.year'])
self.connect('month', ['tcc_a.month', 'bos_a.month', 'opex_a.month'])
self.connect('fixed_charge_rate','fin_a.fixed_charge_rate')
self.connect('construction_finance_rate','fin_a.construction_finance_rate')
self.connect('tax_rate','fin_a.tax_rate')
self.connect('discount_rate','fin_a.discount_rate')
self.connect('construction_time','fin_a.construction_time')
self.connect('project_lifetime','fin_a.project_lifetime')
# connections
self.connect('aep_a.rotor_thrust','tcc_a.rotor_thrust')
self.connect('aep_a.rotor_torque','tcc_a.rotor_torque')
self.connect('aep_a.net_aep', ['opex_a.net_aep'])
self.connect('tcc_a.turbine_cost','bos_a.turbine_cost')
# create passthroughs for key output variables of interest
# aep_a
self.connect('aep_a.rated_rotor_speed','rated_rotor_speed')
self.connect('aep_a.rated_wind_speed','rated_wind_speed')
self.connect('aep_a.rotor_thrust','rotor_thrust')
self.connect('aep_a.rotor_torque','rotor_torque')
self.connect('aep_a.power_curve','power_curve')
self.connect('aep_a.max_efficiency','max_efficiency')
self.connect('aep_a.gross_aep','gross_aep')
# tcc_a
self.connect('tcc_a.turbine_mass','turbine_mass')
# fin_a
self.connect('fin_a.lcoe','lcoe')
class opex_ecn_offshore_component(Component):
""" Evaluates the ECN O&M spreadsheet """
# variables
turbine_cost = Float(units='USD',
iotype='in',
desc='turbine system capital costs')
machine_rating = Float(units='kW',
iotype='in',
desc='wind turbine rated power')
# parameters
turbine_number = Int(100,
iotype='in',
desc='total number of wind turbines at the plant')
project_lifetime = Float(20.0,
iotype='in',
desc='project lifetime for wind plant')
# Outputs
avg_annual_opex = Float(
iotype='out',
desc=
'Average annual Operating Expenditures for a wind plant over its lifetime'
)
opex_breakdown = VarTree(OPEXVarTree(), iotype='out')
availability = Float(0.0, iotype='out', desc='Availability')
def __init__(self, ssfile=None):
"""
OpenMDAO component to wrap ECN Offshore O&M Excel Model (ecnomXLS.py).
Call __init__ with a file name to override default ECN spreadsheet file
"""
Component.__init__(self)
#open excel account
self.ecnxls = ecnomXLS(debug=False)
self.ecnxls.ssopen(ssfile)
def execute(self):
"""
Executes the ECN O&M Offshore model using excel spreadsheet and finds total and detailed O&M costs for the plant as well as availability.
"""
# print "In {0}.execute()...".format(self.__class__)
# Inputs - copy to spreadsheet
# set basic plant inputs
self.ecnxls.setCell(6, 3, self.turbine_number)
self.ecnxls.setCell(5, 8, self.machine_rating)
self.ecnxls.setCell(7, 3, self.project_lifetime)
# set basic turbine inputs
self.invCosts = self.turbine_cost / self.machine_rating # investment costs per kW
self.ecnxls.setCell(6, 8, self.invCosts)
# Outputs - read from spreadsheet
self.availability = self.ecnxls.getCell(20, 9)
self.avg_annual_opex = self.ecnxls.getCell(56, 9) * 1000
self.opex_breakdown.lease_opex = 21.0 * self.turbine_number * self.machine_rating # hack to include land lease costs not in ECN model, cost from COE Review 2011
self.avg_annual_opex += self.opex_breakdown.lease_opex
self.opex_breakdown.corrective_opex = self.ecnxls.getCell(
51, 9) * 1000 + self.ecnxls.getCell(52, 9) * 1000
self.opex_breakdown.preventative_opex = self.ecnxls.getCell(53,
9) * 1000
self.opex_breakdown.other_opex = self.ecnxls.getCell(54, 9) * 1000
def close(self):
"""
Close the spreadsheet inputs and clean up
"""
self.ecnxls.ssclose()