def create_cube_points():
points = []
# Create a list of points along the edge of a cube
for x in range(0, CUBE_SIZE + 1, 20):
edge_x = x == 0 or x == CUBE_SIZE
for y in range(0, CUBE_SIZE + 1, 20):
edge_y = y == 0 or y == CUBE_SIZE
for z in range(0, CUBE_SIZE + 1, 20):
edge_z = z == 0 or z == CUBE_SIZE
if sum((edge_x, edge_y, edge_z)) >= 2:
point_x = float(x) - CUBE_SIZE / 2
point_y = float(y) - CUBE_SIZE / 2
point_z = float(z) - CUBE_SIZE / 2
points.append(Vector3(point_x, point_y, point_z))
return points
def get_direction(pressed_keys):
direction = Vector3()
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
direction.x = -1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
direction.x = +1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_UP]:
direction.y = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
direction.y = -1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_q]:
direction.z = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_a]:
direction.z = -1.0
return direction
def render(self):
# Set the cube color, applies to all vertices till next call
glColor(self.color)
# Adjust all the vertices so that the cube is at self.position
vertices = []
for v in self.vertices:
vertices.append( tuple(Vector3(v) + self.position))
# Draw all 6 faces of the cube
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
for face_no in range(self.num_faces):
glNormal3dv(self.normals[face_no])
v1, v2, v3, v4 = self.vertex_indices[face_no]
glVertex(vertices[v1])
glVertex(vertices[v2])
glVertex(vertices[v3])
glVertex(vertices[v4])
glEnd()
def move(self, forward=None, right=None, up=None):
"""Changes the translation according to a direction vector.
To move in opposite directions (i.e back, left and down), first
negate the vector.
forward -- Units to move in the 'forward' direction
right -- Units to move in the 'right' direction
up -- Units to move in the 'up' direction
"""
if forward is not None:
self.translate = Vector3(self.translate) + \
Vector3(self.forward) * forward
if right is not None:
self.translate = Vector3(self.translate) + \
Vector3(self.right) * right
if up is not None:
self.translate = Vector3(self.translate) + \
Vector3(self.up) * up
def start():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, pygame.HWSURFACE|pygame.OPENGL|pygame.DOUBLEBUF)
resize(*SCREEN_SIZE)
init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# This object renders the 'map'
map = Map()
# Camera transform matrix
cam_matrix = Matrix44()
cam_matrix.translate = (10.0, 0.6, 10.0)
# Initialize speeds and directions
rotation_direction = Vector3()
rotation_speed = radians(90.0)
movement_direction = Vector3()
movement_speed = 5.0
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
pygame.quit()
quit()
# Clear the screen, and z-buffer
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
time_passed = clock.tick()
time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
# Reset rotation and movement directions
rotation_direction.set(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
movement_direction.set(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
# Modify direction vectors for key presses
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
rotation_direction.y = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
rotation_direction.y = -1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_UP]:
rotation_direction.x = -1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
rotation_direction.x = +1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_z]:
rotation_direction.z = -1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_x]:
rotation_direction.z = +1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_q]:
movement_direction.z = -1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_a]:
movement_direction.z = +1.0
# Calculate rotation matrix and multiply by camera matrix
rotation = rotation_direction * rotation_speed * time_passed_seconds
rotation_matrix = Matrix44.xyz_rotation(*rotation)
cam_matrix *= rotation_matrix
# Calcluate movment and add it to camera matrix translate
heading = Vector3(cam_matrix.forward)
movement = heading * movement_direction.z * movement_speed
cam_matrix.translate += movement * time_passed_seconds
# Upload the inverse camera matrix to OpenGL
glLoadMatrixd(cam_matrix.get_inverse().to_opengl())
# Light must be transformed as well
glLight(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, (0, 1.5, 1, 0))
map.render()
pygame.display.flip()
def start():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, 0, 32)
ball = pygame.image.load("images/ball.png").convert_alpha()
points = create_cube_points()
fov = 90.0 #degrees
viewing_distance = calculate_view_distance(fov, SCREEN_W)
points.sort(key=point_z, reverse=True)
center_x, center_y = SCREEN_W / 2, SCREEN_H / 2
ball_w, ball_h = ball.get_size()
ball_center_x, ball_center_y = ball_w / 2, ball_h / 2
camera_position = Vector3(0.0, 0.0, -700.0)
camera_speed = Vector3(300.0, 300.0, 300.0)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
quit_game()
screen.fill(bg_color)
pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
time_passed = clock.tick(30)
time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
direction = get_direction(pressed_keys)
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_w]:
fov = min(179.0, fov + 1.0)
viewing_distance = calculate_view_distance(fov, SCREEN_W)
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_s]:
fov = max(1.0, fov - 1.0)
viewing_distance = calculate_view_distance(fov, SCREEN_W)
camera_position += direction * camera_speed * time_passed_seconds
# Draw the 3D points
for point in points:
x, y, z = point - camera_position
if z > 0:
x = x * viewing_distance / z
y = -y * viewing_distance / z
x += center_x
y += center_y
screen.blit(ball, (x - ball_center_x, y - ball_center_y))
# Draw the field of view diagram
diagram_width = SCREEN_W / 4
diagram_color = (50, 255, 50)
diagram_points = []
diagram_points.append((diagram_width / 2, 100 + viewing_distance / 4))
diagram_points.append((0, 100))
diagram_points.append((diagram_width, 100))
diagram_points.append((diagram_width / 2, 100 + viewing_distance / 4))
diagram_points.append((diagram_width / 2, 100))
pygame.draw.lines(screen, diagram_color, False, diagram_points, 2)
# Draw the text
default_font = pygame.font.get_default_font()
font = pygame.font.SysFont(default_font, 24)
cam_text = font.render(f"Camera = {str(camera_position)}", True,
text_color)
screen.blit(cam_text, text_pos)
fov_text = font.render(f"Field of view = {int(fov)}", True, text_color)
screen.blit(fov_text, fov_text_pos)
distance_text = font.render(
f"Viewing distance = {round(viewing_distance, 3)}", True,
text_color)
screen.blit(distance_text, distance_text_pos)
pygame.display.flip()
def start():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, 0, 32)
ball = pygame.image.load("images/ball.png").convert_alpha()
fov = 75.0 # degrees
viewing_distance = calculate_view_distance(fov, SCREEN_W)
points = create_cube_points()
points.sort(key=point_z, reverse=True)
center_x, center_y = SCREEN_W/2, SCREEN_H/2
ball_w, ball_h = ball.get_size()
ball_center_x, ball_center_y = ball_w/2, ball_h/2
cam_position = Vector3(0.0, 0.0, 600.0)
rotation = Vector3()
rotation_speed = Vector3(math.radians(20), math.radians(20), math.radians(20))
# Labels for the axes
font = pygame.font.SysFont(pygame.font.get_default_font(), 16)
x_surface = font.render("X", True, white)
y_surface = font.render("Y", True, white)
z_surface = font.render("Z", True, white)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
quit_game()
screen.fill(bg_color)
time_passed = clock.tick(30)
time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
rotation_direction = Vector3()
# Adjust the rotation direction depending on key presses
pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_q]:
rotation_direction.x = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_a]:
rotation_direction.x = -1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_w]:
rotation_direction.y = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_s]:
rotation_direction.y = -1.0
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_e]:
rotation_direction.z = +1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_d]:
rotation_direction.z = -1.0
rotation += rotation_direction * rotation_speed * time_passed_seconds
rotation_matrix = Matrix44.x_rotation(rotation.x)
rotation_matrix *= Matrix44.y_rotation(rotation.y)
rotation_matrix *= Matrix44.z_rotation(rotation.z)
transformed_points = []
# Transform all the points and adjust for camera position
for point in points:
p = rotation_matrix.transform_vec3(point) - cam_position
transformed_points.append(p)
transformed_points.sort(key=point_z)
# Perspective project and blit all the points
for x, y, z in transformed_points:
if z < 0:
x = center_x + x * (-viewing_distance / z)
y = center_y + (-y) * (-viewing_distance / z)
screen.blit(ball, (x - ball_center_x, y - ball_center_y))
def draw_axis(label, axis, color):
axis = rotation_matrix.transform_vec3(axis * 150.0)
x, y, z = axis - cam_position
x = SCREEN_W/2.0 + x * (-viewing_distance / z)
y = SCREEN_H/2.0 + (-y) * (-viewing_distance / z)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, (center_x, center_y), (x, y), 2)
w, h = label.get_size()
screen.blit(label, (x - w/2, y - h/2))
# Draw the x, y and z axes
x_axis = Vector3(1, 0, 0)
y_axis = Vector3(0, 1, 0)
z_axis = Vector3(0, 0, 1)
draw_axis(x_surface, x_axis, red)
draw_axis(y_surface, y_axis, green)
draw_axis(z_surface, z_axis, blue)
# Display rotation information on screen
degrees_txt = tuple(math.degrees(r) for r in rotation)
rotation_txt = f"Rotation: Q/A {round(degrees_txt[0], 3)}, W/S {round(degrees_txt[1], 3)}, E/D {round(degrees_txt[2], 3)}"
txt_surface = font.render(rotation_txt, True, white)
screen.blit(txt_surface, (5, 5))
matrix_txt = str(rotation_matrix)
txt_y = 25
for line in matrix_txt.split('\n'):
txt_surface = font.render(line, True, white)
screen.blit(txt_surface, (5, txt_y))
txt_y += 20
pygame.display.flip()
def get_direction(pressed_keys):
direction = Vector3()
if pressed_keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
direction.x = -1.0
elif pressed_keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
direction.x = +1.0
def test():
m = Matrix44.xyz_rotation(radians(45), radians(20), radians(0))
#m.translate += (1, 2, 3)
print(m.right)
print(m.right.as_vec3())
n = m.copy()
r = Matrix44.z_rotation(radians(32))
m *= r
print(m)
n.fast_mul(r)
print(n)
print("--Transpose")
print(m.get_transpose())
print("--")
print(m.get_row(2))
m.transpose()
print(m)
print()
#print (10, 20, 30) + Vector3(1,2,3)
m.translate = (m.translate[:3]) + Vector3(10, 20, 30)
print(m)
print()
v = (1., 2., 3.)
print(v)
vt = m.transform(v)
print(vt)
vit = m.get_inverse().transform(vt)
print(vit)
print(m.inverse_transform(vt))
m[1, 2] = 3.
print()
print(m.x_axis)
print(m.translate)
m.translate = (1, 2, 3)
print(m)
identity = Matrix44()
#identity.set_row(0, (1, 2, 3, 4))
print(identity)
identity[3, 1] = 456
#identity *= Matrix44.scale(20.32, 764.2323, -23)
print(identity)
print(eval(repr(identity)))
print(m)
print(m.translate + Vector3(1, 2, 3))
print(m)
m.translate = (0, 0, 0)