def test_stack_push_and_pop(stack: OperandStack) -> None:
assert to_list(stack) == []
stack.push(4)
assert to_list(stack) == [4]
stack.push(5)
assert to_list(stack) == [4, 5]
stack.push(6)
assert to_list(stack) == [4, 5, 6]
assert stack.pop() == 6
assert to_list(stack) == [4, 5]
assert stack.pop() == 5
assert to_list(stack) == [4]
assert stack.pop() == 4
assert to_list(stack) == []
class HackVm:
""" VM that runs programs in the hackvm language """
def __init__(self, max_iterations=DEFAULT_MAX_ITERATIONS) -> None:
"""
Initializes the vm
:param max_iterations: The default maximum iterations is 10k, but some challenges set it to something else
"""
self._memory = zeros(MEMORY_SIZE, dtype=int)
self._call_stack = Stack()
self._operand_stack = OperandStack()
self._program_counter = 0
self._iteration_counter = IterationCounter(max_iterations)
# These are instance variables because they need to be accessible to the operations
self._program = '' # Will be set in the run method
self._result: List[str] = []
self._operations: Dict[str, Callable[[], Any]] = {
' ': lambda: None, # NO_OP
'\n': lambda: None, # NO_OP
'p': self._print_int,
'P': self._print_char,
'0': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 0),
'1': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 1),
'2': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 2),
'3': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 3),
'4': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 4),
'5': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 5),
'6': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 6),
'7': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 7),
'8': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 8),
'9': partial(self._operand_stack.push, 9),
'+': self._operand_stack.add_two_operands,
'-': self._operand_stack.subtract_two_operands,
'*': self._operand_stack.multiply_two_operands,
'/': self._operand_stack.divide_two_operands,
':': self._operand_stack.cmp_two_operands,
'g': self._jump,
'?': self._jump_if_zero,
'c': self._call,
'$': self._return,
'<': self._read_from_memory,
'>': self._write_to_memory,
'^': self._operand_stack.pick,
'v': self._operand_stack.roll,
'd': self._operand_stack.pop,
'!': self._end,
}
def run(self,
program: str,
initial_memory: Sequence[int] = (),
verbose: bool = False) -> str:
"""
Runs a hackvm program
:param program: A hackvm program
:param initial_memory: Values for the initial memory of the program (Needs only to indicate non-0 values)
:param verbose: Whether to output each execute operation and resulting stack
:return: The output of the program
:raises RuntimeError: If the program counter goes out of bounds of the program, or the maximum iteration
count is exceeded
"""
self._program = program
self._memory[:len(initial_memory)] = initial_memory
logger.setLevel('DEBUG' if verbose else 'WARNING')
while self._program_counter != len(self._program):
op_code = self._program[self._program_counter]
logger.debug(f'@{self._program_counter} {op_code}')
self._program_counter += 1
self._operations[op_code]()
logger.debug(self._operand_stack)
self._verify_validity()
return ''.join(self._result)
def _verify_validity(self):
""" Verify the iteration count has not been exceeded and the program counter is in bounds """
self._iteration_counter.increment()
if not 0 <= self._program_counter <= len(self._program):
raise RuntimeError(f'Out of code bounds, {self._program_counter}')
def _print_char(self) -> None:
value = self._operand_stack.pop()
self._result.append(chr(value & 0x7F))
def _print_int(self) -> None:
value = self._operand_stack.pop()
self._result.append(str(value))
def _jump(self) -> None:
self._program_counter += self._operand_stack.pop()
def _jump_if_zero(self) -> None:
offset = self._operand_stack.pop()
if self._operand_stack.pop() == 0:
self._program_counter += offset
def _call(self) -> None:
self._call_stack.push(self._program_counter)
self._program_counter = self._operand_stack.pop()
def _return(self) -> None:
self._program_counter = self._call_stack.pop()
def _read_from_memory(self) -> None:
memory_address = self._validate_memory_address(
self._operand_stack.pop())
self._operand_stack.push(self._memory[memory_address])
def _write_to_memory(self) -> None:
memory_address = self._validate_memory_address(
self._operand_stack.pop())
self._memory[memory_address] = self._operand_stack.pop()
def _validate_memory_address(self, memory_address: int) -> int:
if memory_address < 0 or memory_address >= len(self._memory):
raise RuntimeError(
f'Invalid memory access, index {memory_address}')
return memory_address
def _end(self) -> None:
self._program_counter = len(self._program)