Ejemplo n.º 1
0
    def test_remove_long_seq(self):
        a = [[[1, 1]], [[2, 1], [2, 2]], [[3, 1], [3, 2], [3, 3]]]

        new_seq, new_label = preprocessing_sequence._remove_long_seq(
            maxlen=3, seq=a, label=['a', 'b', ['c', 'd']])
        self.assertEqual(new_seq, [[[1, 1]], [[2, 1], [2, 2]]])
        self.assertEqual(new_label, ['a', 'b'])
def test_remove_long_seq():
    maxlen = 5
    seq = [
        [1, 2, 3],
        [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
    ]
    label = ['a', 'b']
    new_seq, new_label = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, seq, label)
    assert new_seq == [[1, 2, 3]]
    assert new_label == ['a']
Ejemplo n.º 3
0
 def test_remove_long_seq(self):
   maxlen = 5
   seq = [
       [1, 2, 3],
       [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
   ]
   label = ['a', 'b']
   new_seq, new_label = sequence._remove_long_seq(maxlen, seq, label)
   self.assertEqual(new_seq, [[1, 2, 3]])
   self.assertEqual(new_label, ['a'])
Ejemplo n.º 4
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def vectorize_words_file(path,
                         num_words=None,
                         skip_top=0,
                         maxlen=None,
                         seed=113,
                         start_char=1,
                         oov_char=2,
                         index_from=3):
    with np.load(path) as f:
        x_train, labels_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
        x_test, labels_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']

    np.random.seed(seed)
    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(len(x_test))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    xs = np.concatenate([x_train, x_test])
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if start_char is not None:
        xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    elif index_from:
        xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]

    if maxlen:
        xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)
        if not xs:
            raise ValueError(
                'After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen=' +
                str(maxlen) + ', no sequence was kept. '
                'Increase maxlen.')
    if not num_words:
        num_words = max([max(x) for x in xs])

    # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
    # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
    # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [[w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x]
              for x in xs]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words] for x in xs]

    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx]), np.array(labels[:idx])
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:]), np.array(labels[idx:])

    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 5
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def load_data(path='/home/jchourio/.keras/datasets/imdb.npz', num_words=None, skip_top=0,
                maxlen=None, seed=113,
                start_char=1, oov_char=2, index_from=3, **kwargs):

    if 'nb_words' in kwargs:
        warnings.warn('The nb_words argument in load_data has been renamed to num_words')
        kwargs.pop('nb_words')

    if kwargs:
        raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword argument: {}'.format(kwargs))

    with np.load(path, allow_pickle=True) as f:

        x_train, labels_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
        x_test, labels_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']

    np.random.seed(seed)

    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(x_test.shape[0])
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    xs = np.concatenate([x_train, x_test])
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if start_char is not None:
        xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    elif index_from:
        xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    
    if maxlen:
        xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)
        if not xs:
            raise ValueError('After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen')
    
    if not num_words:
        num_words = max([max(x) for x in xs])
    
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [[w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x] for x in xs]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w <= num_words] for x in xs]
    
    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[: idx]), np.array(labels[: idx])
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx: ]), np.array(labels[idx: ])

    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 6
0
def load_data(path='reuters.npz',
              num_words=None,
              skip_top=0,
              maxlen=None,
              test_split=0.2,
              seed=113,
              start_char=1,
              oov_char=2,
              index_from=3,
              **kwargs):
  """Loads the Reuters newswire classification dataset.

  This is a dataset of 11,228 newswires from Reuters, labeled over 46 topics.

  This was originally generated by parsing and preprocessing the classic
  Reuters-21578 dataset, but the preprocessing code is no longer packaged
  with Keras. See this
  [github discussion](https://github.com/keras-team/keras/issues/12072)
  for more info.

  Each newswire is encoded as a list of word indexes (integers).
  For convenience, words are indexed by overall frequency in the dataset,
  so that for instance the integer "3" encodes the 3rd most frequent word in
  the data. This allows for quick filtering operations such as:
  "only consider the top 10,000 most
  common words, but eliminate the top 20 most common words".

  As a convention, "0" does not stand for a specific word, but instead is used
  to encode any unknown word.

  Args:
    path: where to cache the data (relative to `~/.keras/dataset`).
    num_words: integer or None. Words are
        ranked by how often they occur (in the training set) and only
        the `num_words` most frequent words are kept. Any less frequent word
        will appear as `oov_char` value in the sequence data. If None,
        all words are kept. Defaults to None, so all words are kept.
    skip_top: skip the top N most frequently occurring words
        (which may not be informative). These words will appear as
        `oov_char` value in the dataset. Defaults to 0, so no words are
        skipped.
    maxlen: int or None. Maximum sequence length.
        Any longer sequence will be truncated. Defaults to None, which
        means no truncation.
    test_split: Float between 0 and 1. Fraction of the dataset to be used
      as test data. Defaults to 0.2, meaning 20% of the dataset is used as
      test data.
    seed: int. Seed for reproducible data shuffling.
    start_char: int. The start of a sequence will be marked with this
        character. Defaults to 1 because 0 is usually the padding character.
    oov_char: int. The out-of-vocabulary character.
        Words that were cut out because of the `num_words` or
        `skip_top` limits will be replaced with this character.
    index_from: int. Index actual words with this index and higher.
    **kwargs: Used for backwards compatibility.

  Returns:
    Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

  **x_train, x_test**: lists of sequences, which are lists of indexes
    (integers). If the num_words argument was specific, the maximum
    possible index value is `num_words - 1`. If the `maxlen` argument was
    specified, the largest possible sequence length is `maxlen`.

  **y_train, y_test**: lists of integer labels (1 or 0).

  Note: The 'out of vocabulary' character is only used for
  words that were present in the training set but are not included
  because they're not making the `num_words` cut here.
  Words that were not seen in the training set but are in the test set
  have simply been skipped.
  """
  # Legacy support
  if 'nb_words' in kwargs:
    logging.warning('The `nb_words` argument in `load_data` '
                    'has been renamed `num_words`.')
    num_words = kwargs.pop('nb_words')
  if kwargs:
    raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword arguments: ' + str(kwargs))

  origin_folder = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/'
  path = get_file(
      path,
      origin=origin_folder + 'reuters.npz',
      file_hash=
      'd6586e694ee56d7a4e65172e12b3e987c03096cb01eab99753921ef915959916')
  with np.load(path, allow_pickle=True) as f:
    xs, labels = f['x'], f['y']

  rng = np.random.RandomState(seed)
  indices = np.arange(len(xs))
  rng.shuffle(indices)
  xs = xs[indices]
  labels = labels[indices]

  if start_char is not None:
    xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
  elif index_from:
    xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]

  if maxlen:
    xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)

  if not num_words:
    num_words = max(max(x) for x in xs)

  # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
  # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
  # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
  if oov_char is not None:
    xs = [[w if skip_top <= w < num_words else oov_char for w in x] for x in xs]
  else:
    xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words] for x in xs]

  idx = int(len(xs) * (1 - test_split))
  x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx]), np.array(labels[:idx])
  x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:]), np.array(labels[idx:])

  return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 7
0
def load_data(
    path="imdb.npz",
    num_words=None,
    skip_top=0,
    maxlen=None,
    seed=113,
    start_char=1,
    oov_char=2,
    index_from=3,
    **kwargs,
):
    """Loads the [IMDB dataset](https://ai.stanford.edu/~amaas/data/sentiment/).

    This is a dataset of 25,000 movies reviews from IMDB, labeled by sentiment
    (positive/negative). Reviews have been preprocessed, and each review is
    encoded as a list of word indexes (integers).
    For convenience, words are indexed by overall frequency in the dataset,
    so that for instance the integer "3" encodes the 3rd most frequent word in
    the data. This allows for quick filtering operations such as:
    "only consider the top 10,000 most
    common words, but eliminate the top 20 most common words".

    As a convention, "0" does not stand for a specific word, but instead is used
    to encode any unknown word.

    Args:
      path: where to cache the data (relative to `~/.keras/dataset`).
      num_words: integer or None. Words are
          ranked by how often they occur (in the training set) and only
          the `num_words` most frequent words are kept. Any less frequent word
          will appear as `oov_char` value in the sequence data. If None,
          all words are kept. Defaults to None, so all words are kept.
      skip_top: skip the top N most frequently occurring words
          (which may not be informative). These words will appear as
          `oov_char` value in the dataset. Defaults to 0, so no words are
          skipped.
      maxlen: int or None. Maximum sequence length.
          Any longer sequence will be truncated. Defaults to None, which
          means no truncation.
      seed: int. Seed for reproducible data shuffling.
      start_char: int. The start of a sequence will be marked with this
          character. Defaults to 1 because 0 is usually the padding character.
      oov_char: int. The out-of-vocabulary character.
          Words that were cut out because of the `num_words` or
          `skip_top` limits will be replaced with this character.
      index_from: int. Index actual words with this index and higher.
      **kwargs: Used for backwards compatibility.

    Returns:
      Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

    **x_train, x_test**: lists of sequences, which are lists of indexes
      (integers). If the num_words argument was specific, the maximum
      possible index value is `num_words - 1`. If the `maxlen` argument was
      specified, the largest possible sequence length is `maxlen`.

    **y_train, y_test**: lists of integer labels (1 or 0).

    Raises:
      ValueError: in case `maxlen` is so low
          that no input sequence could be kept.

    Note that the 'out of vocabulary' character is only used for
    words that were present in the training set but are not included
    because they're not making the `num_words` cut here.
    Words that were not seen in the training set but are in the test set
    have simply been skipped.
    """
    # Legacy support
    if "nb_words" in kwargs:
        logging.warning(
            "The `nb_words` argument in `load_data` "
            "has been renamed `num_words`."
        )
        num_words = kwargs.pop("nb_words")
    if kwargs:
        raise TypeError(f"Unrecognized keyword arguments: {str(kwargs)}.")

    origin_folder = (
        "https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/"
    )
    path = get_file(
        path,
        origin=origin_folder + "imdb.npz",
        file_hash="69664113be75683a8fe16e3ed0ab59fda8886cb3cd7ada244f7d9544e4676b9f",
    )
    with np.load(
        path, allow_pickle=True
    ) as f:  # pylint: disable=unexpected-keyword-arg
        x_train, labels_train = f["x_train"], f["y_train"]
        x_test, labels_test = f["x_test"], f["y_test"]

    rng = np.random.RandomState(seed)
    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    rng.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(len(x_test))
    rng.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    if start_char is not None:
        x_train = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in x_train]
        x_test = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in x_test]
    elif index_from:
        x_train = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in x_train]
        x_test = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in x_test]

    if maxlen:
        x_train, labels_train = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, x_train, labels_train)
        x_test, labels_test = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, x_test, labels_test)
        if not x_train or not x_test:
            raise ValueError(
                "After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen="
                f"{str(maxlen)}, no sequence was kept. Increase maxlen."
            )

    xs = x_train + x_test
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if not num_words:
        num_words = max(max(x) for x in xs)

    # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
    # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
    # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [
            [w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x]
            for x in xs
        ]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words] for x in xs]

    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx], dtype="object"), labels[:idx]
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:], dtype="object"), labels[idx:]
    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 8
0
def load_data(word_index=None, path='imdb', num_words=None, skip_top=0,
              maxlen=None, seed=113,
              start_char=1, oov_char=2, index_from=3, **kwargs):
    #     """Loads the IMDB dataset.
    #
    #     # Arguments
    #         path: where to cache the data (relative to `~/.keras/dataset`).
    #         num_words: max number of words to include. Words are ranked
    #             by how often they occur (in the training set) and only
    #             the most frequent words are kept
    #         skip_top: skip the top N most frequently occurring words
    #             (which may not be informative).
    #         maxlen: sequences longer than this will be filtered out.
    #         seed: random seed for sample shuffling.
    #         start_char: The start of a sequence will be marked with this character.
    #             Set to 1 because 0 is usually the padding character.
    #         oov_char: words that were cut out because of the `num_words`
    #             or `skip_top` limit will be replaced with this character.
    #         index_from: index actual words with this index and higher.
    #
    #     # Returns
    #         Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.
    #
    #     # Raises
    #         ValueError: in case `maxlen` is so low
    #             that no input sequence could be kept.
    #
    #     Note that the 'out of vocabulary' character is only used for
    #     words that were present in the training set but are not included
    #     because they're not making the `num_words` cut here.
    #     Words that were not seen in the training set but are in the test set
    #     have simply been skipped.
    #     """
    #     # Legacy support
    if 'nb_words' in kwargs:
        warnings.warn('The `nb_words` argument in `load_data` '
                      'has been renamed `num_words`.')
        num_words = kwargs.pop('nb_words')
    if kwargs:
        raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword arguments: ' + str(kwargs))
    if path == 'imdb':
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dataset/imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dataset/imdb.npz')
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '../dataset/imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '../dataset/imdb.npz')
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'IMDB_sentiment_Analysis/dataset/imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'IMDB_sentiment_Analysis/dataset/imdb.npz')
    if path == 'filtered_imdb':
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '../dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), '../dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')
        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'IMDB_sentiment_Analysis/dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')):
            path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'IMDB_sentiment_Analysis/dataset/filtered_imdb.npz')

    with np.load(path, allow_pickle=True) as f:
        x_train, labels_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
        x_test, labels_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']

    # Filtering dataset with vocabulary list
    if word_index is not None:
        word_list = list(word_index.values())
        for train in tqdm(x_train):
            for word in train:
                if word not in word_list:
                    train.remove(word)
        for test in tqdm(x_test):
            for test_word in test:
                if test_word not in word_list:
                    test.remove(test_word)

    # Randomize Data
    rng = np.random.RandomState(seed)
    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    rng.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(len(x_test))
    rng.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    xs = np.concatenate([x_train, x_test])
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if start_char is not None:
        xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    elif index_from:
        xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]

    if maxlen:
        xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)
        if not xs:
            raise ValueError('After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen=' +
                             str(maxlen) + ', no sequence was kept. '
                                           'Increase maxlen.')
    if not num_words:
        num_words = max([max(x) for x in xs])

    # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
    # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
    # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [[w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x]
              for x in xs]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words]
              for x in xs]

    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx]), np.array(labels[:idx])
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:]), np.array(labels[idx:])

    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 9
0
def load_imdb_data(path = r'D:/projects/dataset/imdb.npz', num_words=None, skip_top=0,
              maxlen=None, seed=113,
              start_char=1, oov_char=2, index_from=3, **kwargs):
    """Loads the IMDB dataset.

    # Arguments
        path: imdb.npz 的路径.
        num_words: max number of words to include.
        skip_top: skip the top N most frequently occurring words
            (which may not be informative).
        maxlen: sequences longer than this will be filtered out.
        seed: random seed for sample shuffling.
        start_char: The start of a sequence will be marked with this character.
            Set to 1 because 0 is usually the padding character.
        oov_char: words that were cut out because of the `num_words`
            or `skip_top` limit will be replaced with this character.
        index_from: index actual words with this index and higher.

    # Returns
        Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

    # Raises
        ValueError: in case `maxlen` is so low
            that no input sequence could be kept.

    """
    # Legacy support
    if 'nb_words' in kwargs:
        warnings.warn('The `nb_words` argument in `load_data` '
                      'has been renamed `num_words`.')
        num_words = kwargs.pop('nb_words')
    if kwargs:
        raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword arguments: ' + str(kwargs))


    with np.load(path,allow_pickle=True) as f:
        x_train, labels_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
        x_test, labels_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']

    np.random.seed(seed)
    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(len(x_test))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    xs = np.concatenate([x_train, x_test])
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if start_char is not None:
        xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    elif index_from:
        xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]

    if maxlen:
        xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)
        if not xs:
            raise ValueError('After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen=' +
                             str(maxlen) + ', no sequence was kept. '
                             'Increase maxlen.')
    if not num_words:
        num_words = max([max(x) for x in xs])

    # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
    # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
    # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [[w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x]
              for x in xs]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words]
              for x in xs]

    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx]), np.array(labels[:idx])
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:]), np.array(labels[idx:])

    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
Ejemplo n.º 10
0
def load_data(path='imdb.npz',
              num_words=None,
              skip_top=0,
              maxlen=None,
              seed=113,
              start_char=1,
              oov_char=2,
              index_from=3,
              **kwargs):
    """Loads the IMDB dataset.

    # Arguments
        path: where to cache the data (relative to `~/.keras/dataset`).
        num_words: max number of words to include. Words are ranked
            by how often they occur (in the training set) and only
            the most frequent words are kept
        skip_top: skip the top N most frequently occurring words
            (which may not be informative).
        maxlen: sequences longer than this will be filtered out.
        seed: random seed for sample shuffling.
        start_char: The start of a sequence will be marked with this character.
            Set to 1 because 0 is usually the padding character.
        oov_char: words that were cut out because of the `num_words`
            or `skip_top` limit will be replaced with this character.
        index_from: index actual words with this index and higher.

    # Returns
        Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

    # Raises
        ValueError: in case `maxlen` is so low
            that no input sequence could be kept.

    Note that the 'out of vocabulary' character is only used for
    words that were present in the training set but are not included
    because they're not making the `num_words` cut here.
    Words that were not seen in the training set but are in the test set
    have simply been skipped.
    """
    # Legacy support
    if 'nb_words' in kwargs:
        warnings.warn('The `nb_words` argument in `load_data` '
                      'has been renamed `num_words`.')
        num_words = kwargs.pop('nb_words')
    if kwargs:
        raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword arguments: ' + str(kwargs))

    # path = get_file(path,
    #                 origin='https://s3.amazonaws.com/text-datasets/imdb.npz',
    #                 file_hash='599dadb1135973df5b59232a0e9a887c')
    with np.load(path) as f:
        x_train, labels_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
        x_test, labels_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']

    np.random.seed(seed)
    indices = np.arange(len(x_train))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_train = x_train[indices]
    labels_train = labels_train[indices]

    indices = np.arange(len(x_test))
    np.random.shuffle(indices)
    x_test = x_test[indices]
    labels_test = labels_test[indices]

    xs = np.concatenate([x_train, x_test])
    labels = np.concatenate([labels_train, labels_test])

    if start_char is not None:
        xs = [[start_char] + [w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]
    elif index_from:
        xs = [[w + index_from for w in x] for x in xs]

    if maxlen:
        xs, labels = _remove_long_seq(maxlen, xs, labels)
        if not xs:
            raise ValueError(
                'After filtering for sequences shorter than maxlen=' +
                str(maxlen) + ', no sequence was kept. '
                'Increase maxlen.')
    if not num_words:
        num_words = max([max(x) for x in xs])

    # by convention, use 2 as OOV word
    # reserve 'index_from' (=3 by default) characters:
    # 0 (padding), 1 (start), 2 (OOV)
    if oov_char is not None:
        xs = [[w if (skip_top <= w < num_words) else oov_char for w in x]
              for x in xs]
    else:
        xs = [[w for w in x if skip_top <= w < num_words] for x in xs]

    idx = len(x_train)
    x_train, y_train = np.array(xs[:idx]), np.array(labels[:idx])
    x_test, y_test = np.array(xs[idx:]), np.array(labels[idx:])

    return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)