Ejemplo n.º 1
0
class TestScheduling(unittest.TestCase):
    ''' Tests for Scheduling module. '''
    def setUp(self):

        self.layers = {}
        self.layers['BASE'] = ConvLayer(8, 16, 28, 3)
        self.layers['POOL'] = PoolingLayer(16, 28, 2)
        self.layers['LR'] = LocalRegionLayer(16, 28, nreg=3, sreg=1)

        self.batch_size = 4

        self.cost = Cost(mac_op=1,
                         mem_hier=(200, 6, 2, 1),
                         noc_hop=50,
                         idl_unit=50)

        self.none_cstr = SchedulingConstraint()
        self.cstr = SchedulingConstraint(topofm=1, topbat=self.batch_size)

        self.resource = Resource(
            proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
            dram_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(4, 1),
                                   type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
            src_data_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                       dim=PhyDim2(4, 1),
                                       type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
            dst_data_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                       dim=PhyDim2(4, 1),
                                       type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
            dim_array=PhyDim2(16, 16),
            size_gbuf=65536,
            size_regf=64,
            array_bus_width=float('inf'),
            dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
            no_time_mux=False)

        self.options = Option(partition_hybrid=True,
                              partition_batch=True,
                              partition_ifmaps=True,
                              ntops=10)

        self.ifmap_layouts = {}
        part = PartitionScheme(order=(pe.INPP, pe.BATP, pe.OUTP, pe.OFMP),
                               pdims=((1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)))
        for wlkey in self.layers:
            input_layer = self.layers[wlkey].input_layer()
            self.ifmap_layouts[wlkey] = DataLayout(
                frngs=(FmapRange((0, 0, 0, 0),
                                 FmapPosition(b=self.batch_size,
                                              n=input_layer.nofm,
                                              h=input_layer.hofm,
                                              w=input_layer.wofm)), ),
                regions=(self.resource.src_data_region, ),
                parts=(part.projection(self.resource.src_data_region,
                                       appl2frng=True), ))

        self.sched_seq = (2, 0, 1)

    def test_valid_args(self):
        ''' Valid arguments for constructor. '''
        schd = Scheduling(self.layers['BASE'], self.batch_size, self.cost,
                          MapStrategyEyeriss)

        self.assertEqual(schd.layer, self.layers['BASE'])
        self.assertEqual(schd.batch_size, self.batch_size)
        self.assertEqual(schd.cost, self.cost)
        self.assertEqual(schd.map_strategy_class, MapStrategyEyeriss)

    def test_invalid_layer(self):
        ''' Invalid layer argument. '''
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(TypeError, 'Scheduling: .*layer.*'):
            _ = Scheduling((64, 128, 28, 3), self.batch_size, self.cost,
                           MapStrategyEyeriss)

    def test_invalid_cost(self):
        ''' Invalid cost argument. '''
        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(TypeError, 'Scheduling: .*cost.*'):
            _ = Scheduling(self.layers['BASE'], self.batch_size,
                           tuple(self.cost), MapStrategyEyeriss)

    def test_invalid_map_strategy(self):
        ''' Invalid cost argument. '''
        class _DummyClass(object):  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
            pass

        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(TypeError,
                                     'Scheduling: .*map_strategy_class.*'):
            _ = Scheduling(self.layers['BASE'], self.batch_size, self.cost,
                           _DummyClass)

    def test_schedule_search(self):
        ''' Schedule search. '''
        for wlkey in self.layers:
            layer = self.layers[wlkey]
            ifmap_layout = self.ifmap_layouts[wlkey]

            schd = Scheduling(layer, self.batch_size, self.cost,
                              MapStrategyEyeriss)

            condition = SchedulingCondition(resource=self.resource,
                                            constraint=self.cstr,
                                            ifmap_layout=ifmap_layout,
                                            sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

            res = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

            # Top N.
            self.assertLessEqual(len(res), self.options.ntops)
            self.assertTrue(all(isinstance(r, SchedulingResult) for r in res))
            for idx in range(len(res) - 1):
                self.assertLessEqual(res[idx].total_cost,
                                     res[idx + 1].total_cost)

            # Combination of loop blocking and partitioning.
            for r in res:
                self.assertAlmostEqual(
                    r.total_cost,
                    r.scheme['cost_op'] + r.scheme['cost_access'] +
                    r.scheme['cost_noc'] + r.scheme['cost_static'])
                self.assertEqual(r.total_ops, layer.total_ops(self.batch_size))
                self.assertSequenceEqual(r.scheme['total_nhops'], [
                    nh * f for nh, f in zip(r.scheme['unit_nhops'],
                                            r.scheme['fetch'][0])
                ])
                self.assertEqual(r.num_nodes,
                                 self.resource.proc_region.dim.size())

            # Constraint.
            for r in res:
                self.assertEqual(r.scheme['to'][0], 1)

            # Ofmap layout.
            for r in res:
                self.assertEqual(r.ofmap_layout.complete_fmap_range().size(),
                                 layer.total_ofmap_size(self.batch_size))

            # Sequence number.
            for r in res:
                self.assertTupleEqual(r.sched_seq, condition.sched_seq)

    def test_schedule_search_ilayout(self):
        ''' Invalid ifmap_layout. '''
        layer = self.layers['BASE']

        schd = Scheduling(layer, self.batch_size, self.cost,
                          MapStrategyEyeriss)

        # Shift ifmap out of memory region.
        condition = SchedulingCondition(
            resource=self.resource,
            constraint=self.none_cstr,
            ifmap_layout=self.ifmap_layouts['BASE']._replace(regions=tuple(
                r._replace(origin=PhyDim2(-10, -10))
                for r in self.ifmap_layouts['BASE'].regions)),
            sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, 'Scheduling: .*ifmap.*'):
            _ = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

        # Not match layer.
        condition = SchedulingCondition(
            resource=self.resource,
            constraint=self.none_cstr,
            ifmap_layout=self.ifmap_layouts['POOL'],
            sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

        with self.assertRaisesRegexp(ValueError, 'Scheduling: .*ifmap.*'):
            _ = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

    def test_schedule_search_nolbs(self):
        ''' Schedule search with no lbs. '''
        layer = self.layers['BASE']
        ifmap_layout = self.ifmap_layouts['BASE']

        schd = Scheduling(layer, self.batch_size, self.cost,
                          MapStrategyEyeriss)

        condition = SchedulingCondition(
            resource=self.resource._replace(size_regf=0),
            constraint=self.none_cstr,
            ifmap_layout=ifmap_layout,
            sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

        res = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

        self.assertFalse(res)

    def test_pernode_sched_cache(self):
        ''' Per-node scheduling cache. '''
        # pylint: disable=no-member
        Scheduling.schedule_search_per_node.cache_clear()

        layer = self.layers['BASE']
        ifmap_layout = self.ifmap_layouts['BASE']

        schd = Scheduling(layer, self.batch_size, self.cost,
                          MapStrategyEyeriss)

        self.assertEqual(schd.schedule_search_per_node.cache_info().currsize,
                         0)
        self.assertTupleEqual(schd.cache_stats(), (0, 0))

        condition = SchedulingCondition(resource=self.resource,
                                        constraint=self.cstr,
                                        ifmap_layout=ifmap_layout,
                                        sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

        Scheduling.schedule_search.cache_clear()
        _ = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

        h, m = schd.cache_stats()
        self.assertEqual(schd.schedule_search_per_node.cache_info().currsize,
                         m)
        self.assertEqual(h, 0)
        n = m

        Scheduling.schedule_search.cache_clear()
        _ = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

        self.assertEqual(schd.schedule_search_per_node.cache_info().currsize,
                         n)
        self.assertTupleEqual(schd.cache_stats(), (n, n))

    def test_pernode_sched_cache_key(self):
        ''' Per-node scheduling cache key must be hash-able. '''
        # pylint: disable=no-member
        Scheduling.schedule_search.cache_clear()
        Scheduling.schedule_search_per_node.cache_clear()

        layer = self.layers['BASE']
        ifmap_layout = self.ifmap_layouts['BASE']

        schd = Scheduling(layer, self.batch_size, self.cost,
                          MapStrategyEyeriss)

        condition = SchedulingCondition(resource=self.resource,
                                        constraint=self.cstr,
                                        ifmap_layout=ifmap_layout,
                                        sched_seq=self.sched_seq)

        _ = schd.schedule_search(condition, self.options)

        h, m = schd.cache_stats()
        self.assertEqual(h, 0)

        # Make another instance.
        rsrc = Resource(**self.resource._asdict())
        cstr = self.cstr
        opts = Option(**self.options._asdict())
        self.assertNotEqual(id(rsrc), id(self.resource))
        self.assertNotEqual(id(opts), id(self.options))

        part = PartitionScheme(order=(pe.BATP, pe.INPP, pe.OUTP, pe.OFMP),
                               pdims=((2, 4), (2, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)))

        _ = schd.schedule_search_per_node(part, rsrc, cstr, opts)

        h2, m2 = schd.cache_stats()
        self.assertEqual(h2, h + 1)
        self.assertEqual(m2, m)
Ejemplo n.º 2
0
class TestNNDataflow(unittest.TestCase):
    ''' Tests for NNDataflow module. '''

    def setUp(self):

        self.alex_net = import_network('alex_net')
        self.vgg_net = import_network('vgg_net')

        net = Network('simple')
        net.set_input_layer(InputLayer(4, 2))
        net.add('1', ConvLayer(4, 4, 2, 1))
        net.add('2', ConvLayer(4, 4, 2, 1))
        # Two more layers to avoid single-segment case.
        net.add('a1', ConvLayer(4, 1, 1, 1, strd=2))
        net.add('a2', ConvLayer(1, 1, 1, 1))
        self.simple_net = net

        net = Network('complex')
        net.set_input_layer(InputLayer(8, 8))
        net.add('1', ConvLayer(8, 8, 8, 1))
        net.add('2a', ConvLayer(8, 8, 8, 1), prevs=('1',))
        net.add('3a', ConvLayer(8, 8, 8, 1))
        net.add('2b', ConvLayer(8, 8, 8, 1), prevs=('1',))
        net.add('3b', ConvLayer(8, 8, 8, 1))
        net.add('4', ConvLayer(16, 8, 8, 1), prevs=('3a', '3b'))
        self.complex_net = net

        self.map_strategy = MapStrategyEyeriss

        self.resource = Resource(proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                                        dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                                        type=NodeRegion.PROC),
                                 dram_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 src_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 dst_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 dim_array=PhyDim2(16, 16),
                                 size_gbuf=128 * 1024 // 2,  # 128 kB
                                 size_regf=512 // 2,  # 512 B
                                 array_bus_width=float('inf'),
                                 dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
                                 no_time_mux=False,
                                )

        self.cost = Cost(mac_op=1,
                         mem_hier=(200, 6, 2, 1),
                         noc_hop=0,
                         idl_unit=0)

        self.options = Option()

    def test_invalid_network(self):
        ''' Invalid network argument. '''
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'NNDataflow: .*network.*'):
            _ = NNDataflow(self.alex_net.input_layer(), 4,
                           self.resource, self.cost, self.map_strategy)

    def test_invalid_resource(self):
        ''' Invalid network argument. '''
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'NNDataflow: .*resource.*'):
            _ = NNDataflow(self.alex_net, 4,
                           self.resource.proc_region, self.cost,
                           self.map_strategy)

    def test_invalid_cost(self):
        ''' Invalid network argument. '''
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'NNDataflow: .*cost.*'):
            _ = NNDataflow(self.alex_net, 4,
                           self.resource, self.cost._asdict(),
                           self.map_strategy)

    def test_invalid_map_strategy(self):
        ''' Invalid map_strategy argument. '''
        class _DummyClass():  # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
            pass

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'NNDataflow: .*map_strategy.*'):
            _ = NNDataflow(self.alex_net, 4,
                           self.resource, self.cost, _DummyClass)

    def test_verbose(self):
        ''' Verbose mode. '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 16

        options = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                         sw_solve_loopblocking=True,
                         verbose=True)

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        old_stdout = sys.stdout
        old_stderr = sys.stderr
        sys.stdout = stdout = StringIO()
        sys.stderr = stderr = StringIO()

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)

        sys.stdout = old_stdout
        sys.stderr = old_stderr
        stdout_value = stdout.getvalue()
        stderr_value = stderr.getvalue()
        stdout.close()
        stderr.close()

        self.assertTrue(tops)

        self.assertFalse(stdout_value)
        for layer in network:
            self.assertIn(layer, stderr_value)

    def test_pipelining(self):
        ''' Pipelining. '''
        network = self.alex_net
        batch_size = 1

        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True)
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_fast_forward_infeasible(self):
        ''' Enter fast forward due to infeasible constraint. '''
        network = self.simple_net
        batch_size = 1

        # Very small gbuf size. Small fmap tpart is infeasible.
        resource = self.resource._replace(
            dim_array=PhyDim2(2, 2),
            size_gbuf=16)

        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True)
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

        # No pipelining is feasible.
        for dtfl in tops:
            self.assertTupleEqual(dtfl['1'].sched_seq, (0, 0, 0))
            self.assertTupleEqual(dtfl['2'].sched_seq, (1, 0, 0))

    def test_fast_forward_found(self):
        ''' Enter fast forward due to early found. '''
        network = self.simple_net
        batch_size = 1

        # No time overhead limit.
        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True,
                         layer_pipeline_time_ovhd=float('inf'))
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_fast_forward_crit_time(self):
        ''' Enter fast forward due to long critical time. '''
        network = self.simple_net
        batch_size = 1

        # Multiple nodes for spatial pipelining.
        resource = self.resource._replace(
            proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(8, 8),
                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
            dim_array=PhyDim2(1, 1),
        )

        # Very strict time overhead limit.
        # At large fmap tpart, utilization decreases and critical time would
        # increase.
        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True,
                         layer_pipeline_time_ovhd=1e-3)
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_fast_forward_frontier(self):
        ''' Enter fast forward due to off-frontier. '''
        network = self.simple_net
        batch_size = 16

        # Multiple nodes for spatial pipelining.
        resource = self.resource._replace(
            proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(8, 8),
                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
            dim_array=PhyDim2(2, 2),
        )

        # No time overhead limit.
        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True,
                         layer_pipeline_time_ovhd=float('inf'))
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_fmap_fwd(self):
        '''
        Fmap forward with shared mem sources or both on/off-chip destinations.
        '''
        network = self.complex_net
        batch_size = 16

        # Multiple nodes for spatial pipelining.
        resource = self.resource._replace(
            proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(8, 8),
                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
        )

        # No time overhead limit.
        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True,
                         layer_pipeline_time_ovhd=float('inf'))
        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_sched_instance_sharing(self):
        ''' Scheduling instance sharing between layers. '''
        network = self.alex_net
        batch_size = 1

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        self.assertIs(nnd.layer_sched_dict['conv1_a'],
                      nnd.layer_sched_dict['conv1_b'])
        self.assertIs(nnd.layer_sched_dict['conv2_a'],
                      nnd.layer_sched_dict['conv2_b'])
        self.assertIs(nnd.layer_sched_dict['pool1_a'],
                      nnd.layer_sched_dict['pool1_b'])

    def test_opt_goal(self):
        ''' Optimization goal. '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 8

        resource = self.resource._replace(
            proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                   dim=PhyDim2(8, 8),
                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC)
        )

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        options_e = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                           sw_solve_loopblocking=True,
                           partition_hybrid=True,
                           partition_batch=True,
                           opt_goal='e',
                           ntops=16)
        tops_e, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options_e)
        self.assertTrue(tops_e)

        options_d = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                           sw_solve_loopblocking=True,
                           partition_hybrid=True,
                           partition_batch=True,
                           opt_goal='d',
                           ntops=16)
        tops_d, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options_d)
        self.assertTrue(tops_d)

        options_ed = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                            sw_solve_loopblocking=True,
                            partition_hybrid=True,
                            partition_batch=True,
                            opt_goal='ed',
                            ntops=16)
        tops_ed, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options_ed)
        self.assertTrue(tops_ed)

        self.assertLess(tops_e[0].total_cost, tops_d[0].total_cost)
        self.assertLess(tops_e[0].total_cost, tops_ed[0].total_cost)

        self.assertLess(tops_d[0].total_time, tops_e[0].total_time)
        self.assertLess(tops_d[0].total_time, tops_ed[0].total_time)

        # Sum of the smallest ED may not be the smallest; allow for error.
        self.assertLess(tops_ed[0].total_cost * tops_ed[0].total_time,
                        tops_e[0].total_cost * tops_e[0].total_time * 1.05)
        self.assertLess(tops_ed[0].total_cost * tops_ed[0].total_time,
                        tops_d[0].total_cost * tops_d[0].total_time * 1.05)

    def test_ext_layer(self):
        ''' With external layers. '''
        network = self.alex_net

        network.add_ext('e0', InputLayer(4, 1))
        network.add('l1', FCLayer(1000, 4))
        network.add('l2', FCLayer(8, 4), prevs=('e0', 'l1'))

        batch_size = 16

        options = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                         sw_solve_loopblocking=True)

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)

        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)

        self.assertTrue(tops)

    def test_no_valid_dataflow(self):
        ''' No valid dataflow is found. '''

        # Very small REGF.
        self.resource = Resource(proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                                        dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                                        type=NodeRegion.PROC),
                                 dram_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 src_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 dst_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                     origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                     type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                                 dim_array=PhyDim2(16, 16),
                                 size_gbuf=128 * 1024 // 2,  # 128 kB
                                 size_regf=2,
                                 array_bus_width=float('inf'),
                                 dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
                                 no_time_mux=False,
                                )

        nnd = NNDataflow(self.alex_net, 4, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(self.options)

        self.assertFalse(tops)

        # With inter-layer pipelining.
        options = Option(hw_gbuf_save_writeback=True,
                         partition_interlayer=True)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)

        self.assertFalse(tops)

    def test_scheduling_failure(self):
        ''' Layer scheduling failure. '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 16

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         MapStrategy)

        old_stdout = sys.stdout
        old_stderr = sys.stderr
        sys.stdout = stdout = StringIO()
        sys.stderr = stderr = StringIO()

        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
            _ = nnd.schedule_search(self.options)

        sys.stdout = old_stdout
        sys.stderr = old_stderr
        stdout_value = stdout.getvalue()
        stderr_value = stderr.getvalue()
        stdout.close()
        stderr.close()

        self.assertFalse(stdout_value)
        self.assertIn('Failed', stderr_value)

    def test_eyeriss_isca16(self):
        '''
        Reproduce Eyeriss ISCA'16 paper Fig. 10.
        '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 16

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, self.resource, self.cost,
                         self.map_strategy)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(self.options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)
        dfsch = tops[0]

        ## Check results.

        # Results as cost for each component:
        header = 'ALU, DRAM, Buffer, Array, RF'
        cost_bkdn = {}

        for layer in ['conv{}'.format(i) for i in range(1, 6)] \
                + ['fc{}'.format(i) for i in range(1, 4)]:
            op_cost = 0
            access_cost = [0] * me.NUM

            for layer_part in network:
                if not layer_part or not layer_part.startswith(layer):
                    continue
                sr = dfsch[layer_part]
                op_cost += sr.total_ops * self.cost.mac_op
                access_cost = [ac + a * c for ac, a, c
                               in zip(access_cost, sr.total_accesses,
                                      self.cost.mem_hier)]

            cost_bkdn[layer] = []
            # To 1e9.
            cost_bkdn[layer].append(op_cost / 1e9)
            cost_bkdn[layer].append(access_cost[me.DRAM] / 1e9)
            cost_bkdn[layer].append(access_cost[me.GBUF] / 1e9)
            cost_bkdn[layer].append(access_cost[me.ITCN] / 1e9)
            cost_bkdn[layer].append(access_cost[me.REGF] / 1e9)

        # Check the major parts: ALU, DRAM, RF.
        major_cost_bkdn_ref = {'conv1': [1.69, 2.46, 6.75],
                               'conv2': [3.58, 2.27, 14.33],
                               'conv3': [2.39, 2.02, 9.57],
                               'conv4': [1.79, 1.57, 7.18],
                               'conv5': [1.20, 1.05, 4.78],
                               'fc1':   [0.60, 7.78, 2.42],
                               'fc2':   [0.27, 3.39, 1.07],
                               'fc3':   [0.07, 0.84, 0.26],
                              }
        for layer in cost_bkdn:
            success = all(abs(a - b) < 0.1 for a, b
                          in zip(cost_bkdn[layer][:2] + cost_bkdn[layer][-1:],
                                 major_cost_bkdn_ref[layer]))
            self.assertTrue(success,
                            'test_eyeriss_isca16: '
                            'ALU, DRAM, RF cost diff in layer {}.\n'
                            'header: {}\n'
                            'actual: {}\nref: {}'
                            .format(layer, header, cost_bkdn[layer],
                                    major_cost_bkdn_ref[layer]))

    def test_eyeriss_isscc16(self):
        '''
        Reproduce Eyeriss ISSCC'16 paper Fig. 14.5.6, JSSC'17 paper Table V.
        '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 4

        resource = Resource(proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                                   dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
                            dram_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            src_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dst_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dim_array=PhyDim2(12, 14),
                            size_gbuf=108 * 1024 // 2,  # 108 kB
                            size_regf=261,  # 225 + 12 + 24
                            array_bus_width=float('inf'),
                            dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
                            no_time_mux=False,
                           )

        cost = Cost(mac_op=2e-12,
                    mem_hier=(460e-12, 15e-12, 4e-12, 1e-12),  # pJ/16-b
                    noc_hop=0,
                    idl_unit=30e-3 / 200e6)  # 30 mW GBUF + REGF

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, cost,
                         self.map_strategy)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(self.options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)
        dfsch = tops[0]

        ## Check results.

        # Results as stats of the rows in the table.
        header = 'Power, Processing Latency, Ops, Active PEs, Filter size'
        stats = {}

        for layer in ['conv{}'.format(i) for i in range(1, 6)]:
            onchip_cost = 0
            time = 0
            ops = 0
            fil_size = 0

            for layer_part in network:
                if not layer_part or not layer_part.startswith(layer):
                    continue
                sr = dfsch[layer_part]
                onchip_cost += sr.total_cost \
                        - sr.total_accesses[me.DRAM] * cost.mem_hier[me.DRAM]
                time += sr.total_time
                ops += sr.total_ops
                fil_size += network[layer_part].total_filter_size()

            power = onchip_cost / (time / 200e6) * 1e3  # mW
            active_pes = int(ops / time)

            stats[layer] = []
            stats[layer].append(power)
            stats[layer].append(time / 200.e3)  # cycles to ms
            stats[layer].append(ops / 1e6)  # to MOPs
            stats[layer].append(active_pes)
            stats[layer].append(fil_size / 1e3)  # to k

        # Check.
        stats_ref = {'conv1': [332, 16.5, 421.66, 151, 34.8],  # Act PE 154
                     'conv2': [288, 39.2, 895.79, 135, 307.2],
                     'conv3': [266, 21.8, 598.1, 156, 884.7],
                     'conv4': [235, 16.0, 448.6, 156, 663.6],
                     'conv5': [236, 10.0, 299.0, 156, 442.4],
                    }
        for layer in stats:
            success = (0.6 * stats_ref[layer][0]
                       < stats[layer][0]
                       < stats_ref[layer][0]) \
                    and (0.8 * stats_ref[layer][1]
                         < stats[layer][1]
                         < stats_ref[layer][1]) \
                    and all(abs(a - b) < 0.1 for a, b
                            in zip(stats[layer][2:], stats_ref[layer][2:]))
            self.assertTrue(success,
                            'test_eyeriss_isscc16: '
                            'stats diff in layer {}.\n'
                            'header: {}\n'
                            'actual: {}\nref: {}'
                            .format(layer, header, stats[layer],
                                    stats_ref[layer]))

    def test_eyeriss_asplos17(self):
        '''
        Reproduce TETRIS ASPLOS'17 paper Figure 8.
        '''
        network = self.alex_net

        batch_size = 16

        ## L-1 configuration.

        resource = Resource(proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                                   dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
                            dram_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            src_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dst_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(1, 1),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dim_array=PhyDim2(16, 16),
                            size_gbuf=576056 // 2,  # 576 kB
                            size_regf=1024 // 2,  # 1 kB
                            array_bus_width=float('inf'),
                            dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
                            no_time_mux=False,
                           )

        cost = Cost(mac_op=2e-12,
                    mem_hier=(240e-12, 28e-12, 4e-12, 1e-12),  # pJ/16-b
                    noc_hop=0,
                    idl_unit=320e-12)

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, cost,
                         self.map_strategy)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(self.options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)
        dfsch_l1 = tops[0]

        ## T-16 configuration.

        resource = Resource(proc_region=NodeRegion(origin=PhyDim2(0, 0),
                                                   dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                                   type=NodeRegion.PROC),
                            dram_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            src_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dst_data_region=NodeRegion(
                                origin=PhyDim2(0, 0), dim=PhyDim2(4, 4),
                                type=NodeRegion.DRAM),
                            dim_array=PhyDim2(14, 14),
                            size_gbuf=133032 // 2,  # 133 kB
                            size_regf=512 // 2,  # 512 B
                            array_bus_width=float('inf'),
                            dram_bandwidth=float('inf'),
                            no_time_mux=False,
                           )

        cost = Cost(mac_op=2e-12,
                    mem_hier=(80e-12, 14e-12, 4e-12, 0.6e-12),  # pJ/16-b
                    noc_hop=40e-12,
                    idl_unit=200e-12)

        options = Option(sw_gbuf_bypass=(True, True, True),
                         sw_solve_loopblocking=True,
                         partition_hybrid=True)

        nnd = NNDataflow(network, batch_size, resource, cost,
                         self.map_strategy)
        tops, _ = nnd.schedule_search(options)
        self.assertTrue(tops)
        dfsch_t16 = tops[0]

        ## Check results.

        # Same workload.
        self.assertAlmostEqual(dfsch_t16.total_ops, dfsch_l1.total_ops)

        # Performance of T-16 is proportional to PE resource (20% margin).
        self.assertLess(dfsch_t16.total_time,
                        1.2 * dfsch_l1.total_time * (16 * 16) / (14 * 14 * 16))
        # Energy reduced by > 30%.
        # self.assertLess(dfsch_t16.total_cost, dfsch_l1.total_cost * 0.7)
        # With dimension restriction on partitioning, this is slightly violated.
        self.assertLess(dfsch_t16.total_cost, dfsch_l1.total_cost * 0.72)