def test_2d_w_missing(self):
# Test cov on 2D variable w/ missing value
x = self.data
x[-1] = masked
x = x.reshape(3, 4)
valid = np.logical_not(getmaskarray(x)).astype(int)
frac = np.dot(valid, valid.T)
xf = (x - x.mean(1)[:, None]).filled(0)
assert_almost_equal(cov(x), np.cov(xf) * (x.shape[1] - 1) / (frac - 1.0))
assert_almost_equal(cov(x, bias=True), np.cov(xf, bias=True) * x.shape[1] / frac)
frac = np.dot(valid.T, valid)
xf = (x - x.mean(0)).filled(0)
assert_almost_equal(cov(x, rowvar=False), (np.cov(xf, rowvar=False) * (x.shape[0] - 1) / (frac - 1.0)))
assert_almost_equal(cov(x, rowvar=False, bias=True), (np.cov(xf, rowvar=False, bias=True) * x.shape[0] / frac))
def test_2d_w_missing(self):
# Test cov on 2D variable w/ missing value
x = self.data
x[-1] = masked
x = x.reshape(3, 4)
valid = np.logical_not(getmaskarray(x)).astype(int)
frac = np.dot(valid, valid.T)
xf = (x - x.mean(1)[:, None]).filled(0)
assert_almost_equal(cov(x),
np.cov(xf) * (x.shape[1] - 1) / (frac - 1.))
assert_almost_equal(cov(x, bias=True),
np.cov(xf, bias=True) * x.shape[1] / frac)
frac = np.dot(valid.T, valid)
xf = (x - x.mean(0)).filled(0)
assert_almost_equal(cov(x, rowvar=False),
(np.cov(xf, rowvar=False) * (x.shape[0] - 1) /
(frac - 1.)))
assert_almost_equal(
cov(x, rowvar=False, bias=True),
(np.cov(xf, rowvar=False, bias=True) * x.shape[0] / frac))
def virtualTemp3(T, Td, p):
"""Virtual Temperature, but using vapor mixing ratio instead the vapor pressure
Parameters
---------
T: float
Temperature in Celsius degrees
Td: float
Dew Point Temperature un Celsius Degrees
p: float
Atmospheric pressure (Pa)
Returns
-------
Virtual temperature : float32
In Celsius degrees
"""
T = masked_invalid(T)
Td = masked_where(numpy.array(Td) < -degCtoK, Td)
Td = masked_invalid(Td)
_vaporMixingRatio = vaporMixingRatio(VaporPressure(Td), p)
T.filled(-99999)
#print(_vaporMixingRatio)
Tc = (T + degCtoK)
factor = (1. +
(_vaporMixingRatio.data / Epsilon)) / (1. +
_vaporMixingRatio.data)
_virtualTemp = (Tc * factor) - degCtoK
noTDMask = getmaskarray(_vaporMixingRatio)
_virtualTemp.data[noTDMask] = T[noTDMask]
_virtualTemp.mask = getmask(T)
return _virtualTemp
def getCleanSounding(self):
"""
Clean the sounding, when Temperature or pressure has a missing values,
removing that pressure level.
It returns the pressure in Pa and temperatures in Celsius
"""
pressure = self['pressure']
temperature = self['temperature']
dewPointTemperature = self['dewPointTemperature']
dewPointTemperature[getmaskarray(
dewPointTemperature)] = self.missingValue
if pressure.units is not None:
if pressure.units.lower() == 'hpa':
hPa = True
elif pressure.units.lower() == 'pa':
hPa = False
else:
raise fatalError(
"Error getting clean sounding plot",
"Pressure units not supported:%s" % pressure.units,
"Supported: hPa or Pa ")
else:
hPa = True
if temperature.units is not None:
if dewPointTemperature.units is not None:
if temperature.units.lower(
) != dewPointTemperature.units.lower():
raise fatalError(
"Error getting clean sounding plot",
"Temperature units: %s" % temperature.units,
"Dew Point Temp: %s" % dewPointTemperature.units)
if temperature.units.lower() == 'c':
celsius = True
elif temperature.units.lower() == 'k':
celsius = False
else:
raise fatalError(
"Error getting clean sounding plot",
"Temperature units not supported:%s" % temperature.units,
"Supported: C or K ")
else:
celsius = True
mask = ~mask_or(
getmaskarray(pressure), getmaskarray(temperature), shrink=False)
if hPa:
_pressure = pressure.data[mask]
else:
_pressure = pressure.data[mask] / 100
if celsius:
_temperature = temperature.data[mask]
_dewPointTemperature = masked_values(
dewPointTemperature.data[mask], self.missingValue)
else:
_temperature = temperature.data[mask] - 273.15
_dewPointTemperature = masked_values(
dewPointTemperature.data[mask], self.missingValue) - 273.15
return (_pressure, _temperature, _dewPointTemperature)
def addProfile(self,
pressure,
temperature,
dewPointTemperature,
hPa=True,
celsius=True,
method=0,
initialLevel=0,
parcel=True,
label=None,
diagnostics=False,
markers=True,
useVirtual=True,
**kwargs):
"""
Add a profile to the Skew-T axis
.. _`matplotlib.legend`: http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.legend
.. _ndarray: https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.ndarray.html
.. _MaskedArray: https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/maskedarray.html
The input data can be ndarray_ or MaskedArray_.
If MaskedArray_ are used, the pressure levels with masked or invalid entries
in the pressure and temperature arrays are removed.
Masked values in the dewPointTemperature are not plotted.
Parameters
----------
pressure : ndarray_ or MaskedArray_
Pressure levels of the sounding
temperature : ndarray_ or MaskedArray_
Temperature profile at pressure levels
dewPointTemperature : : ndarray_ or MaskedArray_
Dew point temperature at pressure levels
hPa: bool, optional
If is True, the pressure levels are in hPa. Otherwise Pascals is
assumed
celsius : bool, optional
If is True, the temperatures units correspond to celsius degrees.
Otherwise Kelvin degrees units are assumed
parcel : bool, optional
If True, the parcel analysis is carried out.
method : int, optional
Parcel analysis method used. Supported:
* Most Unstable : method=0
* Single Parcel: method=1
* Mixed Layer : method=2 (Not supported yet)
initialLevel : int, optional
Initial level (index) used to compute the parcel analysis.
Levels below this value are ignored.
For the Single Parcel analysis, this level correspond to the parcel used.
By default, the initial level is 0 (surface).
For the Most Unstable method, this value is ignored.
label : str, optional
Label assigned to the profile lines. If None, no label is used.
When a line is labeled, the legend is added automatically to the plot.
use keyword **loc** to control the position.
diagnostics : bool, optional
If True a text box is added to the upper right corner with some diagnostics
from the parcel analysis.
markers: bool, optional
If True, the LCL, LFC and EL are marked in the plot with markers.
useVirtual : bool, optional
If True, in the parcel analysis, CAPE and CIN are computed used
the virtual temperature. The temperatures plotted in the SkewT diagram
will correspond to virtual temperature instead of temperature.
If False, virtual temperatures corrections are neglected and the
original temperature is plotted.
Other Parameters
----------------
loc : str
Legend location. See `matplotlib.legend`_ for more details.
kwargs : extra
The remaining extra keyword arguments are passed to the plot function
when plotting the temperature profiles.
"""
mask = numpy.zeros_like(pressure, dtype=bool)
if isinstance(pressure, masked_array):
pressure[pressure.mask] = numpy.nan
mask = logical_or(mask, getmaskarray(pressure))
if isinstance(temperature, masked_array):
temperature[temperature.mask] = numpy.nan
mask = logical_or(mask, getmaskarray(temperature))
if isinstance(dewPointTemperature, masked_array):
dewPointMask = getmaskarray(dewPointTemperature)
dewPointTemperature.data[dewPointMask] = numpy.nan
dewPointTemperature = numpy.asarray(dewPointTemperature.data,
dtype=numpy.float32)
pressure = masked_invalid(pressure[~mask])
temperature = masked_invalid(temperature[~mask])
dewPointTemperature = masked_invalid(dewPointTemperature[~mask])
# Convert temperatures and pressure to hPa
if not hPa:
pressure /= 100
if not celsius:
temperature -= degCtoK
dewPointTemperature -= degCtoK
if parcel:
parcelAnalysisResult = parcelAnalysis(pressure,
temperature,
dewPointTemperature,
hPa=True,
celsius=True,
useVirtual=1,
initialLevel=initialLevel,
method=method)
initialLevel = parcelAnalysisResult['initialLevel']
initialTemperature = temperature[initialLevel]
pressureAtLCL = parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtLCL']
temperatureAtLCL = parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtLCL']
pressureAtLFC = parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtLFC']
temperatureAtLFC = parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtLFC']
pressureAtEL = parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtEL']
temperatureAtEL = parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtEL']
parcelTemperature = liftParcel(initialTemperature,
pressure,
pressureAtLCL,
initialLevel=initialLevel,
hPa=True,
celsius=True)
# Add LCL
belowLCL = numpy.where(pressure > pressureAtLCL, True, False)
newParcelTemperature = numpy.concatenate(
(parcelTemperature[belowLCL], [temperatureAtLCL],
parcelTemperature[~belowLCL]))
newPressure = numpy.concatenate(
(pressure[belowLCL], [pressureAtLCL], pressure[~belowLCL]))
# Add EL
belowEL = numpy.where(newPressure > pressureAtEL, True, False)
newParcelTemperature = numpy.concatenate(
(newParcelTemperature[belowEL], [temperatureAtEL],
newParcelTemperature[~belowEL]))
newPressure = numpy.concatenate(
(newPressure[belowEL], [pressureAtEL], newPressure[~belowEL]))
belowLFC = numpy.where(newPressure > pressureAtLFC, True, False)
newParcelTemperature = numpy.concatenate(
(newParcelTemperature[belowLFC], [temperatureAtLFC],
newParcelTemperature[~belowLFC]))
newPressure = numpy.concatenate(
(newPressure[belowLFC], [pressureAtLFC],
newPressure[~belowLFC]))
newTemperature = numpy.interp(newPressure, pressure[::-1],
temperature[::-1])
newParcelTemperature = masked_invalid(newParcelTemperature)
if useVirtual:
newDewPointTemperature = numpy.interp(
newPressure, pressure[::-1], dewPointTemperature[::-1])
newTemperature = virtualTemp3(newTemperature,
newDewPointTemperature,
newPressure * 100)
belowLCL = (newPressure >= pressureAtLCL)
newParcelTemperature[belowLCL] = virtualTemp3(
newParcelTemperature[belowLCL],
dewPointTemperature[initialLevel],
newPressure[belowLCL] * 100)
aboveLCL = (newPressure < pressureAtLCL)
newParcelTemperature[aboveLCL] = virtualTemp4(
newParcelTemperature[aboveLCL],
newPressure[aboveLCL] * 100)
else:
newTemperature = temperature
newPressure = pressure
kwargs['zorder'] = kwargs.pop('zorder', 5)
kwargs['linewidth'] = kwargs.pop('linewidth', 2.0)
kwargs['linestyle'] = kwargs.pop('linestyle', '-')
loc = kwargs.pop('loc', 'best')
temperatureLine, = self.plot(newTemperature, newPressure, 'r',
**kwargs)
self.plot(dewPointTemperature, pressure, 'b', **kwargs)
if label is not None:
self.linesHandlers.append(temperatureLine)
self.linesLabels.append(label)
self.legend(self.linesHandlers, self.linesLabels, loc=loc)
if parcel:
self.plot(newParcelTemperature, newPressure, 'k', **kwargs)
if parcelAnalysisResult['CAPE'] > 0:
# Positive Buoyancy
cond1 = (newPressure <= pressureAtLFC) * (newPressure >=
pressureAtEL)
self.fill_betweenx(newPressure, newParcelTemperature, newTemperature, where=cond1, \
color="#ff0009", alpha=0.4, zorder=10)
# Negative Buoyancy
validMask = ~getmaskarray(masked_invalid(newParcelTemperature))
cond2 = ((newParcelTemperature[validMask] <=
newTemperature[validMask]) *
(newPressure[validMask] >= pressureAtLFC))
self.fill_betweenx(newPressure[validMask], newParcelTemperature[validMask],
newTemperature[validMask], where=cond2, \
color="#045cff", alpha=0.4, zorder=10)
if markers:
if useVirtual:
temperatureAtLCL = virtualTemp4(temperatureAtLCL,
pressureAtLCL * 100)
temperatureAtLFC = virtualTemp4(temperatureAtLFC,
pressureAtLFC * 100)
temperatureAtEL = virtualTemp4(temperatureAtEL,
pressureAtEL * 100)
self.plot(temperatureAtLCL,
pressureAtLCL,
ls='',
marker='o',
color='r')
self.plot(temperatureAtLFC,
pressureAtLFC,
ls='',
marker='o',
color='g')
self.plot(temperatureAtEL,
pressureAtEL,
ls='',
marker='o',
color='k')
if diagnostics:
# Add text to sounding
dtext = "Diagnostics:\n"
# dtext ="Parcel: %s\n"%ptype.upper()
# dtext+="P :%6.1fhPa\n"%startp
# dtext+="T : %4.1fC\n"%startt
# dtext+="Td : %4.1fC\n"%startdp
dtext += "-------------\n"
dtext += "P_par:%6.1fhPa\n" % (pressure[initialLevel])
dtext += "P_LCL:%6.1fhPa\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtLCL'])
dtext += "T_LCL:%4.1fC\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtLCL'])
dtext += "P_LFC:%6.1fhPa\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtLFC'])
dtext += "T_LFC:%4.1fC\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtLFC'])
dtext += "P_EL:%6.1fhPa\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['pressureAtEL'])
dtext += "T_EL:%4.1fC\n" % (
parcelAnalysisResult['temperatureAtEL'])
dtext += "CAPE:%.1f\n" % parcelAnalysisResult['CAPE']
dtext += "CIN: %.1fJ" % parcelAnalysisResult['CIN']
axesBox = self.get_position().get_points()
self.figure.text(axesBox[1, 0],
axesBox[1, 1],
dtext,
fontname="monospace",
backgroundcolor='white',
zorder=10,
verticalalignment='top',
horizontalalignment='right',
multialignment="left")
