def histogram(filepath, k=11):
c = cooler.Cooler(filepath)
bin_size = 500000
count_bins_chr1 = math.ceil(c.chromsizes[0] / bin_size)
contact_matrix = c.matrix(balance=False)[:count_bins_chr1, :count_bins_chr1]
diag = get_upper_k_diagonal(contact_matrix, k)
hist = np.histogram(np.array(diag))
plt.hist(hist)
def refine(*args):
"""
function [values, giveUp] = refine(op, values, pref)
#REFINE Refinement method for CHEBTECH2 construction.
# VALUES = REFINE(OP, VALUES, PREF) determines the new VALUES of the operator
# OP to be checked for happiness in the CHEBTECH2 construction process. The
# exact procedure used is determined by PREF.REFINEMENTFUNCTION.
#
# [VALUES, GIVEUP] = REFINE(OP, VALUES, PREF) returns also a binary GIVEUP
# flag where TRUE means the refinement procedure has failed (typically when
# the maximum number of points, PREF.MAXLENGTH, has been reached).
#
# The two built-in refinement strategies are 'NESTED' and 'RESAMPLING'. The
# former makes use of the nested property of the 2nd-kind grid by taking N
# (the number of points) to be 2^(4:16) + 1 and doesn't resample previously
# evaluated values. The latter uses grids of the form 2^(4:6 6:.5:16) + 1 and
# resamples all of the values each time N is increased. The 'RESAMPLING'
# option should be used for functions which are not sampleable, for example,
# anything that depends on the length of the input to OP.
#
# Alternative refinement strategies can be used by passing a function handle
# in the PREF.REFINEMENTSTRATEGY field. The function handle should point to a
# function with the template [VALUES, GIVEUP] = @(OP, VALUES, PREF) ... which
# accepts a function handle OP, previously sampled values VALUES of OP at a
# 2nd-kind Chebyshev grid, and PREF, a preference structure containing
# CHEBTECH preferences. It should return either a new set of VALUES
# (typically on a finer grid) or set the GIVEUP flag to TRUE.
# Copyright 2016 by The University of Oxford and The Chebfun Developers.
# See http://www.chebfun.org/ for Chebfun information.
"""
op = args[0]
# No values were given:
if len(args) < 2:
values = np.array([])
else:
values = args[1]
# Obtain some preferences:
if len(args) < 3:
pref = chebtech.techPref();
else:
pref = args[2]
# Grab the refinement function from the preferences:
refFunc = pref.refinementFunction;
# Decide which refinement to use:
if ( strcmpi(refFunc, 'nested') )
# Nested ('single') sampling:
[values, giveUp] = refineNested(op, values, pref);
elseif ( strcmpi(refFunc, 'resampling') )
# Double sampling:
[values, giveUp] = refineResampling(op, values, pref);
def trumpet_positions(self, current, voltage):
volts = np.array(voltage)
amps = np.array(current)
if self.simulation_options["find_in_range"] != False:
dim_volts = self.e_nondim(volts)
search_idx = tuple(
np.where(
(dim_volts > self.simulation_options["find_in_range"][0]) &
(dim_volts < self.simulation_options["find_in_range"][1])))
#fig, ax=plt.subplots(1,1)
#ax.plot(dim_volts, amps)
volts = volts[search_idx]
amps = amps[search_idx]
#print(self.simulation_options["find_in_range"])
#ax.plot(volts, amps)
#plt.show()
max_pos = volts[np.where(amps == max(amps))]
min_pos = volts[np.where(amps == min(amps))]
return max_pos, min_pos
def fit(self, x, y, w=None):
if w is None:
w = np.ones(len(y)) / len(y)
data = zip(x, y, w)
data = sorted(data, key=lambda s: s[0])
[x, y, w] = zip(*data)
y = np.array(y)
w = np.array(w)
correct = np.zeros((2, len(y))) # 0 row for x < v, 1 row for x >= v
for i in range(len(y)):
w_front = w[:i]
w_back = w[i:]
correct[0, i] += np.sum(w_front[y[:i] == 1]) + np.sum(
w_back[y[i:] == -1])
correct[1, i] += np.sum(w_front[y[:i] == -1]) + np.sum(
w_back[y[i:] == 1])
idx = np.argmax(correct, axis=1)
if correct[0, int(idx[0])] > correct[1, int(idx[1])]:
self.sign = "smaller"
self.thres = x[idx[0]]
else:
self.sign = "equal to or bigger"
self.thres = x[idx[1]]
def create_signature_block(author_name):
"""Create signature block for given author_name.
:param str author_name: author's full name
Example:
author_name = "Ellis, John R"
:return: string representing phonetic block for full_name
Example:
u'ELj'
"""
try:
name = {'author_name': author_name}
signature_block = block_phonetic(
np.array([name], dtype=np.object).reshape(-1, 1),
threshold=0,
phonetic_algorithm='nysiis')
return signature_block[0]
except (IndexError, KeyError) as err:
print "Couldn't create signature: {0} in '{1}'".format(err, name)
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.layers.core import Dense
from numpy import np
data = np.array([
[
5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5,
1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2,
5.1, 3.5
],
[
4.9, 3., 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5,
1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2,
5.1, 3.5
],
[
4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5,
1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2,
5.1, 3.5
],
[
4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5,
1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2,
5.1, 3.5
],
])
labels = np.array([0, 1, 0, 1])
print('------A. Training------')
model = Sequential()
layer1 = Dense(200, activation='relu', input_dim=4)
def cartesian_to_polar(pos):
r = np.linalg.norm(pos)
t = get_cartesian_angle(pos[0], pos[1])
return np.array([r, t])
def polar_to_cartesian(pol):
r, t = pol[0], pol[1]
coord = r * np.array([np.cos(t), np.sin(t)])
return coord
def __init__(self, dictionary):
self.cuisine = np.array(dictionary["data"]).reshape(16, )
self.price = dictionary["price"]
self.location = np.array(dictionary["location"]).reshape(2, )
a.invert() #bitwise_not a.left_shift() a.right_shift() #strings methods #il existe des méthodes pour les #types numpy.string_ et numpy.unicodes #on peut voir ça sur le site. #Elles sont similaires aux #methodes python de base #------------------------ #fonctions mathématiques: #------------------------ #trigo a = np.array([0, 30, 45, 60, 90]) print(np.sin(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.cos(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.tan(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.arcsin(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.arcos(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.arctan(a * np.pi / 180)) inv = pn.arcsin(np.sin(a * np.pi / 180)) print(np.degrees(inv)) #par défaut les valeurs sont en radian #rounding print(np.around(a)) print(np.around(a, decimals=1)) print(np.around(a, decimals=-1)) print(np.floor(a))
def optimizePortfolio(df_rets, list_min, list_max, list_price_target,
target_risk, direction="long"):
naLower = np.array(list_min)
naUpper = np.array(list_max)
naExpected = np.array(list_price_target)
b_same_flag = np.all(naExpected == naExpected[0])
if b_same_flag and (naExpected[0] == 0):
naExpected = naExpected + 0.1
if b_same_flag:
na_randomness = np.ones(naExpected.shape)
target_risk = 0
for i in range(len(na_randomness)):
if i % 2 == 0:
na_randomness[i] = -1
naExpected = naExpected + naExpected * 0.0000001 * na_randomness
(fMin, fMax) = getRetRange(df_rets.values, naLower, naUpper,
naExpected, direction)
# Try to avoid intractible endpoints due to rounding errors """
fMin += abs(fMin) * 0.00000000001
fMax -= abs(fMax) * 0.00000000001
if target_risk == 1:
(naPortWeights, fPortDev, b_error) = OptPort(df_rets.values, fMax, naLower, naUpper, naExpected, direction)
allocations = _create_dict(df_rets, naPortWeights)
return {'allocations': allocations, 'std_dev': fPortDev, 'expected_return': fMax, 'error': b_error}
fStep = (fMax - fMin) / 50.0
lfReturn = [fMin + x * fStep for x in range(51)]
lfStd = []
lnaPortfolios = []
for fTarget in lfReturn:
(naWeights, fStd, b_error) = OptPort(df_rets.values, fTarget, naLower, naUpper, naExpected, direction)
if not b_error:
lfStd.append(fStd)
lnaPortfolios.append(naWeights)
else:
# Return error on ANY failed optimization
allocations = _create_dict(df_rets, np.zeros(df_rets.shape[1]))
return {'allocations': allocations, 'std_dev': 0.0,
'expected_return': fMax, 'error': True}
if len(lfStd) == 0:
(naPortWeights, fPortDev, b_error) = OptPort(df_rets.values, fMax, naLower, naUpper, naExpected, direction)
allocations = _create_dict(df_rets, naPortWeights)
return {'allocations': allocations, 'std_dev': fPortDev, 'expected_return': fMax, 'error': True}
f_return = lfReturn[lfStd.index(min(lfStd))]
if target_risk == 0:
naPortWeights = lnaPortfolios[lfStd.index(min(lfStd))]
allocations = _create_dict(df_rets, naPortWeights)
return {'allocations': allocations, 'std_dev': min(lfStd), 'expected_return': f_return, 'error': False}
# Otherwise try to hit custom target between 0-1 min-max risk
fTarget = f_return + ((fMax - f_return) * target_risk)
(naPortWeights, fPortDev, b_error) = OptPort(df_rets.values, fTarget, naLower, naUpper, naExpected, direction)
allocations = _create_dict(df_rets, naPortWeights)
return {'allocations': allocations, 'std_dev': fPortDev, 'expected_return': fTarget, 'error': b_error}
def getOptPort(rets, f_target, l_period=1, naLower=None, naUpper=None, lNagDebug=0):
"""
@summary Returns the Markowitz optimum portfolio for a specific return.
@param rets: Daily returns of the various stocks (using returnize1)
@param f_target: Target return, i.e. 0.04 = 4% per period
@param l_period: Period to compress the returns to, e.g. 7 = weekly
@param naLower: List of floats which corresponds to lower portfolio% for each stock
@param naUpper: List of floats which corresponds to upper portfolio% for each stock
@return tuple: (weights of portfolio, min possible return, max possible return)
"""
# Attempt to import library """
try:
pass
import nagint as nag
except ImportError:
print 'Could not import NAG library'
print 'make sure nagint.so is in your python path'
return ([], 0, 0)
# Get number of stocks """
lStocks = rets.shape[1]
# If period != 1 we need to restructure the data """
if(l_period != 1):
rets = getReindexedRets(rets, l_period)
# Calculate means and covariance """
naAvgRets = np.average(rets, axis=0)
naCov = np.cov(rets, rowvar=False)
# Special case for None == f_target"""
# simply return average returns and cov """
if(f_target is None):
return naAvgRets, np.std(rets, axis=0)
# Calculate upper and lower limits of variables as well as constraints """
if(naUpper is None):
naUpper = np.ones(lStocks) # max portfolio % is 1
if(naLower is None):
naLower = np.zeros(lStocks) # min is 0, set negative for shorting
# Two extra constraints for linear conditions"""
# result = desired return, and sum of weights = 1 """
naUpper = np.append(naUpper, [f_target, 1.0])
naLower = np.append(naLower, [f_target, 1.0])
# Initial estimate of portfolio """
naInitial = np.array([1.0 / lStocks] * lStocks)
# Set up constraints matrix"""
# composed of expected returns in row one, unity row in row two """
naConstraints = np.vstack((naAvgRets, np.ones(lStocks)))
# Get portfolio weights, last entry in array is actually variance """
try:
naReturn = nag.optPort(naConstraints, naLower, naUpper,
naCov, naInitial, lNagDebug)
except RuntimeError:
print 'NAG Runtime error with target: %.02lf' % (f_target)
return (naInitial, sqrt(naCov[0][0]))
#return semi-junk to not mess up the rest of the plot
# Calculate stdev of entire portfolio to return"""
# what NAG returns is slightly different """
fPortDev = np.std(np.dot(rets, naReturn[0, 0:-1]))
# Show difference between above stdev and sqrt NAG covariance"""
# possibly not taking correlation into account """
#print fPortDev / sqrt(naReturn[0, -1])
# Return weights and stdDev of portfolio."""
# note again the last value of naReturn is NAG's reported variance """
return (naReturn[0, 0:-1], fPortDev)
def get_hist(self) -> np.array:
intIm = np.round(255 * self.im)
return np.array([np.count_nonzero(intIm == x) for x in range(255)])