def setup_module(module):
################ Light parameters #####################
# Set up light objects
wl_super = 500.0
wavelengths = np.array([wl_super])
light_list = [
objects.Light(wl, theta=20, phi=40, max_order_PWs=1)
for wl in wavelengths
]
light = light_list[0]
################ Scattering matrices (for distinct layers) ##############
""" Calculate scattering matrices for each distinct layer.
Calculated in the order listed below, however this does not influence final
structure which is defined later
"""
# period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 600
NW_diameter = 120
num_BM = 20
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.Si_c,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=False,
mesh_file='600_120.mail')
sim_NW_array = NW_array.calc_modes(light, num_BM=num_BM)
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.SiO2_a,
loss=False)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
################ Construct & solve for full solar cell structure ##############
""" Now when defining full structure order is critical and
solar_cell list MUST be ordered from bottom to top!
"""
stack = Stack((sim_substrate, sim_NW_array, sim_superstrate))
stack.calc_scat()
module.stack_list = [stack]
last_light_object = light_list.pop()
param_layer = NW_array # Specify the layer for which the parameters should be printed on figures.
params_string = plotting.gen_params_string(param_layer,
last_light_object,
max_num_BMs=num_BM)
active_layer_nu = 1
plotting.t_r_a_write_files(stack_list, wavelengths)
def setup_module(module):
################ Light parameters #####################
# Set up light objects
wavelengths = np.array([700])
light_list = [
objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs=2, theta=0.0, phi=0.0)
for wl in wavelengths
]
light = light_list[0]
#period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 500
NW_diameter = 120
num_BMs = 40
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.InP,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.07,
lc2=1.5,
lc3=2.0)
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.SiO2,
loss=False)
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_NW_array = NW_array.calc_modes(light, num_BMs=num_BMs)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
stack = Stack((sim_substrate, sim_NW_array, sim_superstrate))
stack.calc_scat(pol='TE')
module.stack_list = [stack]
plotting.t_r_a_write_files(stack_list, wavelengths)
def setup_module(module):
################ Light parameters #####################
wl_1 = 1.11 * 940
wl_2 = 1.15 * 940
no_wl_1 = 1
# Set up light objects
wavelengths = np.linspace(wl_1, wl_2, no_wl_1)
light_list = [
objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs=4, theta=5.0, phi=0.0)
for wl in wavelengths
]
light = light_list[0]
#period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 940
diameter = 266
NHs = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
diameter,
height_nm=200,
inclusion_a=materials.Air,
background=materials.Au,
loss=True,
square=True,
make_mesh_now=False,
mesh_file='940_266_sq.mail')
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
num_BM = 100
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_NHs = NHs.calc_modes(light, num_BM=num_BM)
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
stack = Stack((sim_substrate, sim_NHs, sim_superstrate))
stack.calc_scat(pol='TM')
module.stack_list = [stack]
height_nm='semi_inf',
world_1d=True,
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
spacer = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm=200,
world_1d=True,
material=materials.SiO2_a,
loss=True)
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
int(round(0.7 * period)),
height_nm=400,
background=materials.Material(1.45 + 0.0j),
inclusion_a=materials.Material(3.77 + 0.01j),
loss=True,
lc_bkg=0.005,
plotting_fields=True)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_grating = grating.calc_modes(light)
sim_spacer = spacer.calc_modes(light)
###################### Evaluate structure ######################
height_nm=5,
material=materials.Material(3.6 + 0.27j),
loss=True)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
grating_diameter = 100
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
grating_diameter,
height_nm=25,
inclusion_a=materials.Ag,
background=materials.Material(1.5 + 0.0j),
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.05,
lc2=4.0)
mirror = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm=100,
material=materials.Ag,
loss=True)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
# Period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 165
diam1 = 140
diam2 = 60
ellipticity = (float(diam1 - diam2)) / float(diam1)
# Replicating the geometry of the paper we set up a gold layer with elliptical air
# holes. To get good agreement with the published work we use the Drude model for Au.
# Note that better physical results are obtained using the tabulated data for Au!
Au_NHs = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
diam1,
inc_shape='ellipse',
ellipticity=ellipticity,
height_nm=60,
inclusion_a=materials.Air,
background=materials.Au_drude,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.2,
lc2=5.0)
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=True)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
spacer = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm=200,
material=materials.SiO2_a,
loss=True)
NW_diameter = 120
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.Si_c,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.1,
lc2=2.0,
plotting_fields=True)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_NWs = NW_array.calc_modes(light)
sim_spacer = spacer.calc_modes(light)
L = 0.4e9
strate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
NW_rads = 0.0015e9
dummy_diameter = 1
NW_diameter = NW_rads * 2
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=wl_0 / (2 * n),
inclusion_a=materials.Material(0.0 + 1e6j),
background=materials.Material(n),
loss=True,
hyperbolic=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.05,
lc2=4.0)
def simulate_stack(lyte):
wl = lyte[0]
kx = lyte[1]
light = objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs=2, k_parallel=[kx, 0.000000000001])
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_NWs = NW_array.calc_modes(light)
sim_strate = strate.calc_modes(light)
stack = Stack((sim_strate, sim_NWs, sim_strate))
# Period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 600
# In this example we set the number of Bloch modes to use in the simulation
# Be default it is set to be slightly greater than the number of PWs.
num_BMs = 200
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf',
material = materials.Air, loss = False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf',
material = materials.SiO2_a, loss = False)
NW_diameter = 120
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array', period, NW_diameter, height_nm = 2330,
inclusion_a = materials.Si_c, background = materials.Air, loss = True,
make_mesh_now = True, force_mesh = True, lc_bkg = 0.1, lc2= 2.0)
# We now create a 1D grating that is periodic in x only, but whose scattering
# matrices are constructed with of the 2D plane wave basis. This allows this layer
# to be combined with 2D_arrays.
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array', period, int(round(0.75*period)), height_nm = 2900,
background = materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j), inclusion_a = materials.Material(5.0 + 0.0j),
loss = True, lc_bkg = 0.01, world_1d = False)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
# wavelengths = np.array([785,788,790,792,795])
light_list = [
objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs=5, theta=0.0, phi=0.0)
for wl in wavelengths
]
#period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 940
diam1 = 266
NHs = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
diam1,
height_nm=200,
inclusion_a=materials.Air,
background=materials.Au,
loss=True,
inc_shape='square',
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.12,
lc2=5.0,
lc3=3.0) #lc_bkg = 0.08, lc2= 5.0)
strate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
NH_heights = [200]
# num_h = 21
# NH_heights = np.linspace(50,3000,num_h)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False,
world_1d=True)
absorber = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm=10,
material=materials.Material(1.0 + 0.05j),
loss=True,
world_1d=True)
grating_1 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
int(round(0.75 * period)),
height_nm=2900,
background=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
inclusion_a=materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
loss=True,
lc_bkg=0.005)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_absorber = absorber.calc_modes(light)
sim_grating_1 = grating_1.calc_modes(light)
###################### Evaluate structure ######################
""" Now define full structure. Here order is critical and
period = 550
cover = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=True)
sub_ns = np.linspace(1.0, 4.0, 100)
NW_diameter = 480
NWs = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.Si_c,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.17,
lc2=2.5)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_cover = cover.calc_modes(light)
sim_NWs = NWs.calc_modes(light)
# Loop over substrates
stack_list = []
for s in sub_ns:
# Define each layer of the structure
# We need to inform EMUstack at this point that all layers in the stack will
# be at most be periodic in one dimension (i.e. there are no '2D_arrays's).
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf', world_1d=True,
material = materials.Air)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf', world_1d=True,
material = materials.Air)
# Define 1D grating that is periodic in x and contains 2 interleaved inclusions.
# Inclusion_a is in the center of the unit cell. Inclusion_b has diameter
# diameter2 and can be of a different refractive index and by default the
# centers of the inclusions are seperated by period/2.
# See Fortran Backends section of tutorial for more details.
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array', period, int(round(0.15*period)),
diameter2 = int(round(0.27*period)), height_nm = 2900,
background = materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j), inclusion_a = materials.Material(5.0 + 0.0j),
inclusion_b = materials.Material(3.0 + 0.0j),
loss = True, lc_bkg = 0.0051)
# To dictate the seperation of the inclusions set the Keyword Arg small_space to the
# distance (in nm) between between the inclusions edges.
grating_2 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array', period, int(round(0.15*period)),
diameter2 = int(round(0.27*period)), small_space = 50, height_nm = 2900,
background = materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j), inclusion_a = materials.Material(5.0 + 0.0j),
inclusion_b = materials.Material(3.0 + 0.0j),
loss = True, lc_bkg = 0.0051)
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_grating = grating.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
world_1d=True,
material=materials.Air)
# Define 1D grating that is periodic in x and contains 3 interleaved inclusions.
# Inclusion_a is in the center of the unit cell. Inclusions 2 and 3 have
# diameters diameter2, diameter3, and are of material inclusion_b.
# Inclusion 1 is still centered in the center and by default all inclusions are
# seperated by period/(# inclusions) so in this case perid/3.
# See Fortran Backends section of tutorial for more details.
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
int(round(0.05 * period)),
diameter2=int(round(0.17 * period)),
diameter3=int(round(0.03 * period)),
diameter4=int(round(0.07 * period)),
height_nm=2900,
background=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
inclusion_a=materials.Material(5.0 + 0.0j),
inclusion_b=materials.Material(3.0 + 0.0j),
loss=True,
lc_bkg=0.0071)
# To instead seperate the inclusions with an equal distance between their edges use
# the Keyword Arg edge_spacing = True.
grating = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
int(round(0.15 * period)),
diameter2=int(round(0.27 * period)),
diameter3=int(round(0.03 * period)),
edge_spacing=True,
height_nm=2900,
background=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
def setup_module(module):
# Remove results of previous simulations
plotting.clear_previous('.log')
plotting.clear_previous('.pdf')
plotting.clear_previous('.txt')
################ Light parameters #####################
wavelengths = np.linspace(800, 1600, 1)
light_list = [
objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs=6, theta=0.0, phi=0.0)
for wl in wavelengths
]
light = light_list[0]
period = 760
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
world_1d=True,
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
world_1d=True,
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
grating_1 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
diameter1=int(round(0.25 * period)),
diameter2=int(round(0.25 * period)),
height_nm=150,
inclusion_a=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
inclusion_b=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
background=materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
loss=True,
lc_bkg=0.005)
grating_2 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array',
period,
int(round(0.25 * period)),
height_nm=900,
background=materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
inclusion_a=materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
loss=True,
lc_bkg=0.005)
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_grating_1 = grating_1.calc_modes(light)
sim_grating_2 = grating_2.calc_modes(light)
################ Evaluate full solar cell structure ##############
""" Now when defining full structure order is critical and
stack list MUST be ordered from bottom to top!
"""
stack = Stack(
(sim_substrate, sim_grating_1, sim_grating_2, sim_superstrate))
stack.calc_scat(pol='TE')
module.stack_list = [stack]
plotting.t_r_a_plots(stack_list, save_txt=True)
################ Scattering matrices (for distinct layers) ##############
""" Calculate scattering matrices for each distinct layer.
Calculated in the order listed below, however this does not influence final
structure which is defined later
"""
# period must be consistent throughout simulation!!!
period = 600
NW_diameter = 120
num_BM = 40
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.Si_c,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=False,
mesh_file='600_120.mail')
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period=period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.SiO2_a,
loss=False)
wl = 1600
light_list = [objects.Light(wl, max_order_PWs = 2, theta = p, phi = 0.0) \
for p in azi_angles]
################ Grating parameters #####################
period = 760
superstrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf',
material = materials.Air, loss = False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period, height_nm = 'semi_inf',
material = materials.Air, loss = False)
grating_1 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array', period, small_d=period/2,
diameter1=int(round(0.25*period)), diameter2=int(round(0.25*period)),
height_nm = 150, inclusion_a = materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
inclusion_b = materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
background = materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
loss = True, make_mesh_now = True, force_mesh = False, lc_bkg = 0.1, lc2= 3.0)
grating_2 = objects.NanoStruct('1D_array', period, int(round(0.75*period)),
height_nm = 2900, background = materials.Material(1.46 + 0.0j),
inclusion_a = materials.Material(3.61 + 0.0j),
loss = True, make_mesh_now = True, force_mesh = False, lc_bkg = 0.1, lc2= 3.0)
num_BMs = 60
def simulate_stack(light):
################ Evaluate each layer individually ##############
sim_superstrate = superstrate.calc_modes(light)
sim_substrate = substrate.calc_modes(light)
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.Air,
loss=False)
substrate = objects.ThinFilm(period,
height_nm='semi_inf',
material=materials.SiO2,
loss=False)
NW_diameter = 120
NW_array = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
inclusion_a=materials.Si_c,
background=materials.Air,
loss=True,
make_mesh_now=True,
force_mesh=True,
lc_bkg=0.1,
lc2=2.0)
# Here we get EMUstack to make the FEM mesh automagically using our input parameters.
# the lc_bkg parameter sets the baseline distance between points on the FEM mesh,
# lc_bkg/lc2 is the distance between mesh points that lie on the inclusion boundary.
# There are higher lc parameters which are used when including multiple inclusions.
# Alternatively we can specify a pre-made mesh as follows.
NW_array2 = objects.NanoStruct('2D_array',
period,
NW_diameter,
height_nm=2330,
