Ejemplo n.º 1
0
Archivo: app.py Proyecto: muraki/pyblog
def main():
    board = Board()
    try:
        while True:
            main_loop(board)
    except GameOver, go:
        if go.status == GameOver.CANNOT_PUT:
            if go.looser == 'human':
                print u'\(^o^)/'
            else:
                print 'you win!'
        elif go.status == GameOver.COMPLETE:
            human = 0
            for row, col in iter_points():
                if board.get(row, col) == BLACK:
                    human += 1
            all_count = 8 * 8
            print 'Result human:%d computer:%d' % (human, all_count - human)
            if human > all_count // 2:
                print 'you win!'
            elif human == half // 2:
                print 'draw...'
            else:
                print u'\(^o^)/'
        else:
            assert False
Ejemplo n.º 2
0
    def test_init(self):
        game = Othello(4)
        self.assertEqual(game.board, Board(4))
        self.assertEqual(game.active_color, 'black')

        game = Othello(8)
        self.assertEqual(game.board, Board(8))
        self.assertEqual(game.active_color, 'black')
Ejemplo n.º 3
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def evaluate(db, model):
    s = 0.0
    n = 0.0
    for moves, result in db.games:
        if np.random.rand() > 0.1:
            continue
        b = Board()
        for p, r, c in moves:
            b.flip(r, c, p)
            s += (model(b) - result) * (model(b) - result)
            n += 1.0
    return (n, math.sqrt(s / n))
Ejemplo n.º 4
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    def test_init(self):
        board = Board(4)
        finder = flipFinder(board.size, board.positions, 'white')
        self.assertEqual(finder.size, board.size)
        self.assertEqual(finder.positions, board.positions)
        self.assertEqual(finder.color, 'white')

        board = Board(8)
        finder = flipFinder(board.size, board.positions, 'black')
        self.assertEqual(finder.size, board.size)
        self.assertEqual(finder.positions, board.positions)
        self.assertEqual(finder.color, 'black')
Ejemplo n.º 5
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    def test_init(self):
        board = Board(4)
        self.assertEqual(board.size, 4)
        self.assertEqual(board.center, Point(1, 1))
        self.assertEqual(board.positions, INITIALIZED_4X4_BOARD)
        self.assertEqual(board.black_tiles, 2)
        self.assertEqual(board.white_tiles, 2)

        board = Board(8)
        self.assertEqual(board.size, 8)
        self.assertEqual(board.center, Point(3, 3))
        self.assertEqual(board.positions, INITIALIZED_8X8_BOARD)
        self.assertEqual(board.black_tiles, 2)
        self.assertEqual(board.white_tiles, 2)
Ejemplo n.º 6
0
    def test_find_flips_se(self):
        # Set up move validators for black and white
        board = Board(8)
        board.record_tile(Point(5, 3), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(5, 2), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(6, 1), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(6, 0), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(7, 5), 'white')
        flips_w = flipFinder(board.size, board.positions, 'white')
        flips_b = flipFinder(board.size, board.positions, 'black')

        # Test good input (1+ tiles flipped)
        one_flip = flips_w.find_flips_se(Point(3, 5))
        three_flips = flips_b.find_flips_se(Point(2, 5))
        self.assertEqual(one_flip, [Point(4, 4)])
        self.assertEqual(three_flips, [Point(3, 4), Point(4, 3), Point(5, 2)])

        # Test bad input (moves with no valid flips:
        #   1. Hits friendly tile without finding opposing tiles, or
        #   2. Hits edge of board or empty square without finding friendly tile
        #   3. Move is outside the board
        friendly_tile = flips_b.find_flips_se(Point(3, 5))
        empty_space = flips_w.find_flips_se(Point(2, 4))
        edge_south = flips_b.find_flips_se(Point(5, 1))
        edge_east = flips_b.find_flips_se(Point(6, 6))
        outside = flips_w.find_flips_se(Point(-100, 100))
        self.assertEqual(friendly_tile, [])
        self.assertEqual(empty_space, [])
        self.assertEqual(edge_south, [])
        self.assertEqual(edge_east, [])
        self.assertEqual(outside, [])
Ejemplo n.º 7
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    def test_initialize_positions(self):
        board = Board(4)
        expected_output = INITIALIZED_4X4_BOARD
        self.assertEqual(board.initialize_positions(), expected_output)

        board = Board(8)
        expected_output = INITIALIZED_8X8_BOARD
        self.assertEqual(board.initialize_positions(), expected_output)

        board = Board(0)
        expected_output = []
        self.assertEqual(board.initialize_positions(), expected_output)
Ejemplo n.º 8
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    def test_find_center(self):
        board = Board(4)
        center = board.find_center()
        self.assertEqual(center, Point(1, 1))

        board = Board(8)
        center = board.find_center()
        self.assertEqual(center, Point(3, 3))

        board = Board(12)
        center = board.find_center()
        self.assertEqual(center, Point(5, 5))
Ejemplo n.º 9
0
def print_board(board : othello.Board)->None:
    print("White total: %d\tBlack total: %d" % (board.num_white_pieces, board.num_black_pieces))
    
    print(" -", end="")
    for i in range(board.cols):
        print((i + 1), end="")
    print("-")
    
    for y in range(board.rows):
        print("%0d|" % (y + 1), end="")
        for x in range(board.cols):
            board_piece = board.piece_at(othello.Point(x,y))
            if board_piece == othello.Piece.WHITE:
                print("W", end="")
            elif board_piece == othello.Piece.BLACK:
                print("B", end="")
            else:
                print("-", end="")
        
        print("|")
        
    print(" ", end="")
    for _ in range(board.cols + 2):
        print("-", end="")
    print()
Ejemplo n.º 10
0
def validate(db):
    import random
    for moves, result in db.games:
        if random.random() < 0.9:
            continue
        b = Board()
        for p, r, c in moves:
            assert b.is_feasible(r, c, p)
            b.flip(r, c, p)
        black_score = b.score(Board.BLACK)
        white_score = b.score(Board.WHITE)
        score = black_score
        if b.score(Board.BLACK) > b.score(Board.WHITE):
            score = b.score(Board.BLANK) + black_score
        assert result in (black_score - white_score, 2 * score - 64)
Ejemplo n.º 11
0
    def test_find_flips_all(self):
        # Set up a testable board
        board = Board(8)
        board.record_tile(Point(2, 2), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(5, 4), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(6, 5), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(7, 5), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(6, 6), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(5, 6), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(5, 7), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(4, 6), 'black')
        flips_b = flipFinder(board.size, board.positions, 'white')

        # Test good input (a move that results in a variety of flips or lack
        # thereof in each direction)
        test_move = flips_b.find_flips_all(Point(5, 5))
        expected_outcome = [Point(6, 5), Point(4, 4), Point(3, 3)]
        self.assertEqual(test_move, expected_outcome)

        # Test behavior for a move outside of the board
        outside_board_test = flips_b.find_flips_all(Point(100, 100))
        self.assertEqual(outside_board_test, [])
Ejemplo n.º 12
0
    def test_get_initial_tiles_to_draw(self):
        expected_outcome = [(Point(-4, -25), 'black'), (Point(46,
                                                              -25), 'white'),
                            (Point(46, 25), 'black'), (Point(-4, 25), 'white')]
        board = Board(4)
        tiles = board.get_initial_tiles_to_draw()
        self.assertEqual(tiles, expected_outcome)

        board = Board(8)
        tiles = board.get_initial_tiles_to_draw()
        self.assertEqual(tiles, expected_outcome)
Ejemplo n.º 13
0
def main():
    main_board = Board({
        (half_x, half_y): Color.black,
        (half_x, half_y + 1): Color.white,
        (half_x + 1, half_y): Color.white,
        (half_x + 1, half_y + 1): Color.black
    })
    return render_template('othello.html',
                           board_x_size=Board.board_x_size,
                           board_y_size=Board.board_y_size,
                           stone_dict=main_board.get_stone_dict(),
                           put_dict=main_board.get_put_dict(Color.black),
                           status_dict=main_board.get_status_dict(),
                           is_finish=main_board.is_finish(),
                           Color=Color)
Ejemplo n.º 14
0
def perft(b: othello.Board, c: othello.Color, depth: int, passed: bool):
    if (depth == 0): return 1

    moves = b.get_moves(c)

    # moves1 = b.old_get_moves(c)
    # if moves != moves1:
    #     print(b.pretty())
    #     print(c.value, moves)
    #     print(c.value, moves1)
    #     print()

    if len(moves) == 0:
        if passed: return 1
        return perft(b, c.opp(), depth - 1, True)

    nodes = 0
    for m in moves:
        b1 = copy.deepcopy(b)
        b1.make_move(m, c)
        nodes += perft(b1, c.opp(), depth - 1, True)

    return nodes
Ejemplo n.º 15
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    def _alpha_beta_search(self, board, player, alpha, beta, depth,
                           is_maximizing_player):
        if board.is_terminal_state() or depth == 0:
            return self._evaluator(board), None

        act = None
        if is_maximizing_player:
            r = AlphaBeta.MIN_VAL
        else:
            r = AlphaBeta.MAX_VAL

        actions = board.feasible_pos(player)
        opponent = Board.opponent(player)
        if len(actions) > 0:
            for i, j in actions:
                with board.flip2(i, j, player):
                    v, _ = self._alpha_beta_search(board, opponent, alpha,
                                                   beta, depth - 1,
                                                   not is_maximizing_player)
                if is_maximizing_player:
                    if r < v:
                        act = (i, j)
                    alpha = max(v, alpha)
                    r = max(r, v)
                else:
                    if r > v:
                        act = (i, j)
                    beta = min(v, beta)
                    r = min(r, v)

                if alpha >= beta:
                    break
        else:
            r, _ = self._alpha_beta_search(board, opponent, alpha, beta, depth,
                                           not is_maximizing_player)
        return r, act
Ejemplo n.º 16
0
def step_impl(context):
    context.board = Board()
Ejemplo n.º 17
0
    def _read_thor_file(self, file_name):
        file_header_size = 16
        record_header_size = 8
        shots = 60
        record_size = 68

        games = []
        with open(file_name, "rb") as f:
            c = f.read()
            board_size = _byte_to_int(c[12])
            if board_size == 8 or board_size == 0:
                for i in xrange(file_header_size, len(c), record_size):
                    moves = []
                    b = Board()
                    player = Board.BLACK
                    black_score = _byte_to_int(c[i + 6])
                    for j in xrange(record_header_size, record_size):
                        play = _byte_to_int(c[i + j])
                        if play > 0:
                            column = (play % 10) - 1
                            row = (play // 10) - 1
                            if not b.is_feasible(row, column, player):
                                player = Board.opponent(player)
                            moves.append((player, row, column))
                            b.flip(row, column, player)
                            player = Board.opponent(player)

                    score = b.score(Board.BLACK)
                    if b.score(Board.BLACK) > b.score(Board.WHITE):
                        score += b.score(Board.BLANK)
                    if score == black_score:
                        games.append((moves, black_score * 2 - 64))
                    else:
                        self.inconsistencies += 1
        return games
Ejemplo n.º 18
0
    boards = [mem["states"][i] for i in indexes]
    actions = idx2onehot([mem["actions"][i] for i in indexes])
    rewards = [mem["rewards"][i] for i in indexes]
    return np.array(boards).reshape(
        (size, boardDim)), actions, np.array(rewards)


reset_graph()

batchSize = 32
epochs = 100
gamma = 0.99
boardDim = 8 * 8
hLayersDim = [128, 256, 128]

b = Board()
p = buildGraph(boardDim, tf.float32, hLayersDim)
replayMemory = {"states": [], "actions": [], "rewards": []}
losses = []

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    for j in range(epochs):
        for i in range(batchSize):
            boards, moves, rewards = playGame(b, gamma)
            replayMemory["states"].extend(boards)
            replayMemory["actions"].extend(moves)
            replayMemory["rewards"].extend(rewards)

            boards, actions, rewards = sampleBatch(replayMemory, batchSize)
Ejemplo n.º 19
0
from flask import Flask
from flask import render_template, flash
from othello import Board, Color

app = Flask(__name__)

# 初期マップ
half_x = Board.board_x_size // 2
half_y = Board.board_y_size // 2
main_board = Board({
    (half_x, half_y): Color.black,
    (half_x, half_y + 1): Color.white,
    (half_x + 1, half_y): Color.white,
    (half_x + 1, half_y + 1): Color.black
})


@app.route('/')
def main():
    main_board = Board({
        (half_x, half_y): Color.black,
        (half_x, half_y + 1): Color.white,
        (half_x + 1, half_y): Color.white,
        (half_x + 1, half_y + 1): Color.black
    })
    return render_template('othello.html',
                           board_x_size=Board.board_x_size,
                           board_y_size=Board.board_y_size,
                           stone_dict=main_board.get_stone_dict(),
                           put_dict=main_board.get_put_dict(Color.black),
                           status_dict=main_board.get_status_dict(),
Ejemplo n.º 20
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
sys.path.append("../")

import os

from flask import Flask, request, send_from_directory, jsonify
import json
from othello import Board
from value import ModelScorer, ScorerWrapper
from ai import Bot

board = Board()
model_file = "../model/model.cpt.npy.6"
scorer = ModelScorer(model_file)
black_bot = Bot(scorer, 4, 10, Board.BLACK)
white_bot = Bot(scorer, 4, 10, Board.WHITE)

role_mapping = {
    "black": (black_bot, Board.BLACK),
    "white": (white_bot, Board.WHITE)
}


def _opponent(role):
    if role == Board.BLACK:
        return Board.WHITE, "white"
    else:
        return Board.BLACK, "black"

Ejemplo n.º 21
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def self_play(n, model):
    b = Board()
    for t in xrange(1, n+1):
        b.init_board()
        p = Board.BLACK

        while not b.is_terminal_state():
            options = b.feasible_pos(p)
            vals = []

            if len(options) > 0:
                for i,j in options:
                    with b.flip2(i, j, p):
                        if b.is_terminal_state():
                            vals.append(b.score(Board.BLACK) - b.score(Board.WHITE))
                        else:
                            vals.append(model(b))
                (a0, a1), v = epsilon_greedy(0.07, options, vals, p == Board.BLACK)
                model.update(b, v)
                b.flip(a0, a1, p)

            p = Board.opponent(p)

        if t % 100 == 0:
            logging.info("Number of games played: {}".format(t))
            logging.info(b.cache_status())

        if t % 1000 == 0:
            model.save("./model/model.cpt")

    model.save("./model/model.cpt")
Ejemplo n.º 22
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from othello import Board, Color

# ここからがメイン部分だよ
half_x = Board.board_x_size // 2
half_y = Board.board_y_size // 2

main_board = Board({
    (half_x, half_y): Color.black,
    (half_x, half_y + 1): Color.white,
    (half_x + 1, half_y): Color.white,
    (half_x + 1, half_y + 1): Color.black
})

while True:
    print(main_board.get_string())
    print(main_board.get_status_dict())
    if main_board.is_finish():
        print("おしまい!")
        exit(0)
    # 自分の置ける石
    player_dict = main_board.get_put_dict(Color.black)

    print("今の●の置ける位置:")
    print(player_dict)
    if player_dict:
        input_x = input("縦位置を入力してみてください(1~%d):" % Board.board_x_size)
        input_y = input("横位置を入力してみてください(1~%d):" % Board.board_y_size)
        if (int(input_x), int(input_y)) not in list(player_dict.keys()):
            print("置けないのでやり直し!")
            continue
Ejemplo n.º 23
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def step_impl(context):
    context.board = Board(initial_position=False)
Ejemplo n.º 24
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    def test_eq(self):
        # Set up test boards with different attributes
        board_one = Board(4)
        board_two = Board(4)
        board_three = Board(8)
        board_four = Board(4)
        board_four.center = Point(3, 3)
        board_five = Board(4)
        board_five.positions = INITIALIZED_8X8_BOARD
        board_six = Board(4)
        board_six.black_tiles = 10
        board_seven = Board(4)
        board_seven.white_tiles = 10

        # Test for equality or lack thereof
        self.assertEqual(board_one, board_two)
        self.assertNotEqual(board_one, board_three)
        self.assertNotEqual(board_one, board_four)
        self.assertNotEqual(board_one, board_five)
        self.assertNotEqual(board_one, board_six)
        self.assertNotEqual(board_one, board_seven)
Ejemplo n.º 25
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    def test_is_full(self):
        # Test for boards of size 4 and 8 that are completely full
        board = Board(4)
        board.white_tiles = 9
        board.black_tiles = 7
        self.assertTrue(board.is_full())
        board = Board(8)
        board.white_tiles = 40
        board.black_tiles = 24
        self.assertTrue(board.is_full())

        # Test for boards of size 4 and 8 that have an open space
        board = Board(4)
        board.white_tiles = 8
        board.black_tiles = 7
        self.assertFalse(board.is_full())
        board = Board(8)
        board.white_tiles = 39
        board.black_tiles = 24
        self.assertFalse(board.is_full())
Ejemplo n.º 26
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    def test_is_a_square(self):
        board = Board(4)
        # Test for inside and outside of board range
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(0, 0)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(3, 3)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(1, 2)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(5, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(-1, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(0, 4)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(0, -1)))

        board = Board(8)
        # Test for inside and outside of board range
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(0, 0)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(7, 7)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_a_square(Point(1, 2)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(8, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(-1, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(0, 8)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_a_square(Point(0, -1)))
Ejemplo n.º 27
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    def test_is_empty_square(self):
        # Set up a board with various tiles
        board = Board(4)
        board.record_tile(Point(3, 1), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(2, 2), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(2, 0), 'black')

        # Test for empty and non-empty sauares
        self.assertTrue(board.is_empty_square(Point(0, 2)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_empty_square(Point(2, 3)))
        self.assertTrue(board.is_empty_square(Point(1, 3)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(3, 1)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(2, 2)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(2, 0)))

        # Test for postions outside of board
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(5, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(-1, 0)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(0, 4)))
        self.assertFalse(board.is_empty_square(Point(0, -1)))
Ejemplo n.º 28
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    def test_record_tile(self):
        board = Board(4)
        # Inputs that result in a tile placement
        board.record_tile(Point(1, 3), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, 2), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(1, 2), 'black')
        # Inputs that don't result in a tile placement
        board.record_tile(Point(4, 3), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(1, 1), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(-1, 3), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, 5), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, -1), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(1, 2), 'red')
        expected_output = [[0, 0, 'black', 0], [0, 'black', 'black', 'white'],
                           [0, 'white', 'black', 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]
        self.assertEqual(board.positions, expected_output)
        self.assertEqual(board.black_tiles, 4)
        self.assertEqual(board.white_tiles, 2)

        board = Board(8)
        # Inputs that result in a tile placement
        board.record_tile(Point(6, 2), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, 7), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(3, 4), 'black')
        # Inputs that don't result in a tile placement
        board.record_tile(Point(3, 3), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(8, 3), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(-1, 3), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, 10), 'black')
        board.record_tile(Point(0, -1), 'white')
        board.record_tile(Point(2, 4), 'green')
        expected_output = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 'black'],
                           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                           [0, 0, 0, 'black', 'black', 0, 0, 0],
                           [0, 0, 0, 'white', 'black', 0, 0, 0],
                           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                           [0, 0, 'white', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
        self.assertEqual(board.positions, expected_output)
        self.assertEqual(board.black_tiles, 4)
        self.assertEqual(board.white_tiles, 2)
Ejemplo n.º 29
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    def test_convert_turtle_to_square(self):
        board = Board(4)
        # Testing function normally
        # Good inputs
        square_one = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-27, -74))
        square_two = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, 0))
        # Bad inputs - point is outside of the board in various ways
        square_three = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-101, 50))
        square_four = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(101, 50))
        square_five = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(50, 101))
        square_six = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(50, -101))
        self.assertEqual(square_one, Point(1, 0))
        self.assertEqual(square_two, Point(2, 2))
        self.assertIsNone(square_three)
        self.assertIsNone(square_four)
        self.assertIsNone(square_five)
        self.assertIsNone(square_six)

        # Testing reverse version of function
        # Good inputs
        turtle_one = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, 0), 'r')
        turtle_two = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(3, 1), 'r')
        # Bad inputs - point is outside of the board in various ways
        turtle_three = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(4, 0), 'r')
        turtle_four = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-1, 0), 'r')
        turtle_five = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, 4), 'r')
        turtle_six = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, -1), 'r')
        self.assertEqual(turtle_one, Point(-54, -75))
        self.assertEqual(turtle_two, Point(96, -25))
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_three)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_four)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_five)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_six)

        board = Board(8)
        # Testing function normally
        # Good inputs
        square_one = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(199, -101))
        square_two = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-199, 158))
        # Bad inputs - point is outside of the board in various ways
        square_three = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(201, 0))
        square_four = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-201, 0))
        square_five = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, 201))
        square_six = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(0, -201))
        self.assertEqual(square_one, Point(7, 1))
        self.assertEqual(square_two, Point(0, 7))
        self.assertIsNone(square_three)
        self.assertIsNone(square_four)
        self.assertIsNone(square_five)
        self.assertIsNone(square_six)

        # Testing reverse version of function
        # Good inputs
        turtle_one = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(7, 5), 'r')
        turtle_two = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(5, 7), 'r')
        # Bad inputs - point is outside of the board in various ways
        turtle_three = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(8, 1), 'r')
        turtle_four = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(-1, 0), 'r')
        turtle_five = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(6, 8), 'r')
        turtle_six = board.convert_turtle_to_square(Point(6, -1), 'r')
        self.assertEqual(turtle_one, Point(196, 75))
        self.assertEqual(turtle_two, Point(96, 175))
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_three)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_four)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_five)
        self.assertIsNone(turtle_six)