def test_no_observability():
grid = create_net_with_bb_switch()
grid.measurement.drop(
grid.measurement.index[int(len(grid.measurement) * 0.1):],
inplace=True)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning):
estimate(grid)
def test_case30_compare_classical_wls_opt_wls():
net = nw.case30()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net)
try:
success = estimate(net, init='flat', algorithm="opt", estimator='wls')
assert success
except:
# if failed give it a warm start
net, ppc, eppci = pp2eppci(net)
estimation_wls = WLSAlgorithm(1e-3, 3)
estimation_opt = OptAlgorithm(1e-6, 1000)
eppci = estimation_wls.estimate(eppci)
eppci = estimation_opt.estimate(eppci, estimator="wls")
assert estimation_opt.successful
net = eppci2pp(net, ppc, eppci)
net_wls = deepcopy(net)
estimate(net_wls)
assert np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.vm_pu,
net.res_bus_est.vm_pu,
atol=1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.va_degree,
net.res_bus_est.va_degree,
atol=1e-2)
def test_pmu_with_trafo3w():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_slack = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus_slack)
bus_20_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20, name="b")
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_20_1, p_mw=0.03, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_10_1, p_mw=0.02, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_load(net, bus=bus_10_2, p_mw=0.06, q_mvar=0.01)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus=bus_10_1,
to_bus=bus_10_2,
std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0",
length_km=2)
pp.create_transformer3w(net,
bus_slack,
bus_20_1,
bus_10_1,
std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_pmu_meas_from_loadflow(net, with_random_error=False)
estimate(net, algorithm="lp", maximum_iterations=10)
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree,
net.res_bus_est.va_degree,
atol=1e-1)
def test_zero_injection_aux_bus():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus2, bus3, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus4, bus1, std_type="40 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus4, vm_pu=1.0)
pp.create_load(net, bus1, p_mw=.350, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=.450, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=.250, q_mvar=.100)
net.bus.at[bus3, 'in_service'] = False
# Created bb switch
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus1], .002), .002, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
# If measurement on the bus with bb-switch activated, it will incluence the results of the merged bus
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", r2(net.res_line.q_from_mvar.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
net_auto = deepcopy(net)
net_aux = deepcopy(net)
success_none = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection=None)
# In this case zero_injection in mode "aux_bus" and "auto" should be exact the same
success_aux = estimate(net_aux, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection='aux_bus')
success_auto = estimate(net_auto, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection='auto')
assert success_none and success_aux and success_auto
assert np.allclose(net_auto.res_bus_est.va_degree.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.va_degree.values, 1e-4, equal_nan=True)
assert np.allclose(net_auto.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-4, equal_nan=True)
# in case zero injection was set to none, the results should be different
assert ~np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-2, equal_nan=True)
def test_lp_lav():
net = nw.case9()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net, p_std_dev=0.01, q_std_dev=0.01)
estimate(net, algorithm="lp")
if not np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2) or\
not np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree, net.res_bus_est.va_degree, atol=5e-2):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_lp_lav():
net = nw.case14()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net, p_std_dev=0.01, q_std_dev=0.01)
estimate(net, algorithm="lp")
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree,
net.res_bus_est.va_degree,
atol=5e-2)
def test_pmu_case14():
net = nw.case14()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_pmu_meas_from_loadflow(net)
estimate(net, algorithm="lp", maximum_iterations=20)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree,
net.res_bus_est.va_degree,
atol=1e-1)
def test_irwls_comp_wls():
# it should be the same since wls will not update weight matrix
net = nw.case14()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net)
success = estimate(net, init='flat', algorithm="irwls", estimator='wls')
assert success
net_wls = deepcopy(net)
estimate(net_wls)
assert np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, 1e-6)
assert np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.va_degree, net.res_bus_est.va_degree, 1e-6)
def test_lp_lav():
'''
This will test the default LP solver installed.
If OR-Tools is installed, it will use it. Otherwise scipy is used.
'''
net = nw.case9()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net, p_std_dev=0.01, q_std_dev=0.01)
estimate(net, algorithm="lp")
if not np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2) or \
not np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree, net.res_bus_est.va_degree, atol=5e-2):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_cigre_network(init='flat'):
# 1. create network
# test the mv ring network with all available voltage measurements and bus powers
# test if switches and transformer will work correctly with the state estimation
np.random.seed(123456)
net = nw.create_cigre_network_mv(with_der=False)
pp.runpp(net)
for bus, row in net.res_bus.iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
# if np.random.randint(0, 4) == 0:
# continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -row.p_mw * r(), max(0.001, abs(0.03 * row.p_mw)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -row.q_mvar * r(), max(0.001, abs(0.03 * row.q_mvar)),
bus)
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init="flat", calculate_voltage_angles=False)
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = net.res_bus.vm_pu.values
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = net.res_bus.va_degree.values
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 0.0043)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 0.17)
def test_3bus_with_side_names():
np.random.seed(2017)
net = load_3bus_network()
net.measurement.drop(net.measurement.index, inplace=True)
pp.create_load(net, 1, p_mw=0.495974966, q_mvar=0.297749528)
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_mw=1.514220983, q_mvar=0.787528929)
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0] * r(0.01), 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[2] * r(0.01), 0.01, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_mw[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_mvar[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_from_mw[0])), element=0, side="from")
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0])), element=0, side="from")
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_to_mw[0])), element=0, side="to")
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0])), element=0, side="to")
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus.vm_pu.values)) < 0.023)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - net.res_bus.va_degree.values)) < 0.12)
def test_3bus_with_i_line_measurements():
np.random.seed(1)
net = load_3bus_network()
net.measurement.drop(net.measurement.index, inplace=True)
pp.create_load(net, 1, p_mw=0.495974966, q_mvar=0.297749528)
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_mw=1.514220983, q_mvar=0.787528929)
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0] * r(0.01), 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[2] * r(0.01), 0.01, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", net.res_bus.p_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", net.res_bus.q_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", net.res_bus.p_mw[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", net.res_bus.q_mvar[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_from_mw[0])), element=0, side=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0])), element=0, side=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "i", "line", net.res_line.i_from_ka[0] * 1e3 * r(),
max(1.0, abs(30 * net.res_line.i_from_ka[0])), element=0, side=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "i", "line", net.res_line.i_from_ka[1] * 1e3 * r(),
max(1.0, abs(30 * net.res_line.i_from_ka[1])), element=1, side=0)
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus.vm_pu.values)) < 0.045)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - net.res_bus.va_degree.values)) < 0.9)
def runWLS(net, resultMask):
# WLS estimated states to compare with
est = estimate(net, init="flat", calculate_voltage_angles=False)
wls_va_degrees = net.res_bus_est[resultMask].loc[:, ['va_degree']].values
wls_vm_pu = net.res_bus_est[resultMask].loc[:, ['vm_pu']].values
wls_state = np.concatenate((wls_va_degrees, wls_vm_pu))
return wls_state.ravel()
def test_IEEE_case_9_with_bad_data():
# 1. Create network
# test grid: IEEE case 9 (HV)
# overall: 9 buses, 8 lines
# choosen standard deviations for different types of measurements:
# - V: 0.01 p.u.
# - P: 1000 kW (1kW for no load)
# - Q: 1000 kVA (1kVA for no load)
net = pp.networks.case9()
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.995, 0.01, bus=1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.992, 0.01, bus=2) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.988, 0.01, bus=3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.969, 0.01, bus=4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.019, 0.01, bus=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.999, 0.01, bus=7) # V at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.963, 0.01, bus=8) # V at bus 8
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 73137., 1000., bus=0) # P at bus 0
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 85133., 1000., bus=2) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3) # P at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=5) # P at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -99884., 1000., bus=6) # P at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7) # P at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 24272., 1000., bus=0) # P at bus 0
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 13969., 1000., bus=1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 4235., 1000., bus=2) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3) # Q at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -30177., 1000., bus=4) # Q at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5) # Q at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -36856., 1000., bus=6) # Q at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=7) # Q at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -49673., 1000., bus=8) # Q at bus 8
# 2. Do state estimation
success_SE = estimate(net, init='flat')
v_est_SE = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_SE = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
# 3. Create false measurements
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 3000., 1000., bus=1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -2000., 1000., bus=4) # P at bus 4
# 4. Do chi2-test
success_chi2 = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat')
# 5. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net, init='flat')
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = v_est_SE - v_est_rn_max
diff_delta = delta_SE - delta_est_rn_max
assert success_SE
assert success_chi2
assert success_rn_max
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-5)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-5)
def test_3bus_with_pq_line_from_to_measurements():
np.random.seed(2017)
net = load_3bus_network()
net.measurement.drop(net.measurement.index, inplace=True)
pp.create_load(net, 1, p_kw=495.974966, q_kvar=297.749528)
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_kw=1514.220983, q_kvar=787.528929)
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0] * r(0.01), 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[2] * r(0.01), 0.01, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_kw[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_kvar[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_kw[2] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_kw[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_kvar[2] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_kvar[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_from_kw[0])), element=0, bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0])), element=0, bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_to_kw[0])), element=0, bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_to_kvar[0])), element=0, bus=1)
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus.vm_pu.values)) < 0.023)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - net.res_bus.va_degree.values)) < 0.12)
def test_2bus():
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=1,x_ohm_per_km=0.5, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 0.0111, 0.05, 0, 0) # p12
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.06, 0.05, 0, 0) # q12
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.019, 0.01, 0) # u1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.04, 0.01, 1) # u2
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([[1.02083378, 1.03812899]])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([[0.0, 3.11356604]])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-6)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-6)
def test_IEEE_case_9_with_bad_data():
# 1. Create network
# test grid: IEEE case 9 (HV)
# overall: 9 buses, 8 lines
net = pp.networks.case9()
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.0, 0.01, bus=1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.02, 0.01, bus=2) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.9822, 0.01, bus=3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.979, 0.01, bus=4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.005, 0.01, bus=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.997, 0.01, bus=7) # V at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.953, 0.01, bus=8) # V at bus 8
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 72000, 100., bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 162780, 100., bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 84958, 70., bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -89967., 20., bus=4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -100059., 30., bus=6)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -125100, 50., bus=8)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 24000, 100., bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 14500, 100., bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 3644, 70., bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -30041., 20., bus=4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -35087, 30., bus=6)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -49900, 50., bus=8)
# 2. Do state estimation
success_SE = estimate(net, init='flat', ref_power=1e6)
v_est_SE = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_SE = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
# 3. Create false measurement (very close to useful values)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.2, 0.01, bus=0) # V at bus 0
# 4. Do chi2-test
bad_data_detected = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat', ref_power=1e6)
# 5. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net, init='flat', ref_power=1e6, rn_max_threshold=7.0)
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = v_est_SE - v_est_rn_max
diff_delta = delta_SE - delta_est_rn_max
assert success_SE
assert bad_data_detected
assert success_rn_max
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-5)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-5)
def test_network_with_trafo3w_pq():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_slack = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus_slack)
bus_20_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20,name="b")
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_20_1, p_mw=0.03, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_10_1, p_mw=0.02, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_load(net, bus=bus_10_2, p_mw=0.06, q_mvar=0.01)
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
pp.create_transformer3w(net, bus_slack, bus_20_1, bus_10_1, std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_hv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_mv_mw[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_mv_mvar[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_lv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_lv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0], 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[1], 0.01, 1)
if not estimate(net):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
if not (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006) or\
not (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed")
#Try estimate with results initialization
if not estimate(net, init="results"):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_irwls_shgm():
net = nw.case14()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net, p_std_dev=0.01, q_std_dev=0.01)
success = estimate(net, algorithm="irwls", estimator="shgm",
a=3, maximum_iterations=50)
assert success
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, 1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree, net.res_bus_est.va_degree, 1e-2)
def test_net_with_bb_switch_fuse_one():
net = create_net_with_bb_switch()
success = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-5, fuse_buses_with_bb_switch=[1])
assert success
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.values,net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values, 1e-2)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values,net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-2)
# asserting with more tolerance since the added impedance will cause some inaccuracy
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.p_mw.values[[0,3,4]],net.res_bus_est.p_mw.values[[0,3,4]], 1e-1)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus.q_mvar.values[[0,3,4]],net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.values[[0,3,4]], 1e-1)
def test_net_with_zero_injection():
# @author: AndersLi
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 1", vn_kv=220, index=1)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 2", vn_kv=220, index=2)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 3", vn_kv=220, index=3)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 4", vn_kv=220, index=4)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1) # set the slack bus to bus 1
factor = 48.4 * 2 * np.pi * 50 * 1e-9 # capacity factor
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.0221*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.1603*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00274/factor, max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 3, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.0428*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.242*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00384/factor, max_i_ka=1)
l3 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 4, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.002*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.0111*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00018/factor, max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.063548, .001, b1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.068342, .001, b3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.069861, .001, b4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -40.0, 1, b1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -9.2, 1, b1) # Q at bus 1
# pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0, 0.01, b2) # P at bus 2 - not required anymore
# pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0, 0.01, b2) # Q at bus 2 - not required anymore
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 10.0, 1, b3) # P at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 1.0, 1, b3) # Q at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 30.0, 1, b4) # P at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -0.100, 1, b4) # Q at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 30.100, 1, l3, side="to") # Pline (bus 2 -> bus 4) at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", -0.099, 1, l3, side="to") # Qline (bus 2 -> bus 4) at bus 4
success = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-10, zero_injection='auto', algorithm='wls_with_zero_constraint')
assert success
assert np.abs(net.res_bus_est.at[b2, 'p_mw']) < 1e-8
assert np.abs(net.res_bus_est.at[b2, 'q_mvar']) < 1e-8
net_given_bus = deepcopy(net)
success = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection="auto")
success_given_bus = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection=[b2])
assert success and success_given_bus
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values,net_given_bus.res_bus_est.va_degree.values, 1e-3)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_given_bus.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-3)
def test_case9_compare_classical_wls_opt_wls():
net = nw.case9()
pp.runpp(net)
add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net)
# give it a warm start
net, ppc, eppci = pp2eppci(net)
estimation_wls = WLSAlgorithm(1e-3, 3)
estimation_opt = OptAlgorithm(1e-6, 1000)
eppci = estimation_wls.estimate(eppci)
eppci = estimation_opt.estimate(eppci, estimator="wls", verbose=False)
if not estimation_opt.successful:
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed due to algorithm failing!")
net = eppci2pp(net, ppc, eppci)
net_wls = net.deepcopy()
estimate(net_wls)
if not np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.vm_pu, net.res_bus_est.vm_pu, atol=1e-2) or \
not np.allclose(net_wls.res_bus_est.va_degree, net.res_bus_est.va_degree, atol=1e-2):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_3bus_with_out_of_service_bus():
# Test case from book "Power System State Estimation", A. Abur, A. G. Exposito, p. 20ff.
# S_ref = 1 MVA (PP standard)
# V_ref = 1 kV
# Z_ref = 1 Ohm
# The example only had per unit values, but pandapower expects kV, MVA, kW, kVar
# Measurements should be in kW/kVar/A - Voltage in p.u.
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=1., in_service=0) # out-of-service bus test
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, 0) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, 1) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", .501, .010, 1) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", .286, .010, 1) # Q at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", .888, .008, 0, 0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, .008, 1, 0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .568, .008, 0, 0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .663, .008, 1, 0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([[0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438, np.nan]])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([[0., -1.2475, -2.7457, np.nan]])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_init_slack_with_multiple_transformers(angles=True):
np.random.seed(123)
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 220, index=0)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=1)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=2)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=3)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=4)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=7, in_service=False)
pp.create_std_type(net, {"sn_mva": 63, "vn_hv_kv": 110, "vn_lv_kv": 10, "vk_percent": 10.04,
"vkr_percent": 0.31, "pfe_kw": 31.51, "i0_percent": 0.078, "shift_degree": 150,
"tap_side": "hv", "tap_neutral": 0, "tap_min": -9, "tap_max": 9, "tap_step_degree": 0,
"tap_step_percent": 1.5, "tap_phase_shifter": False},
"63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older", element="trafo")
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 7, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older", in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 4, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older")
pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, std_type="100 MVA 220/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 2, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 3, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 4, 5, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 5, 6, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_mw=5, q_mvar=3.3)
pp.create_load(net, 5, p_mw=0.9, q_mvar=0.5)
pp.create_load(net, bus=6, p_mw=0.7, q_mvar=0.3)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=0, vm_pu=1.04, va_degree=10., name="Slack 220 kV")
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
for bus, row in net.res_bus[net.bus.in_service == True].iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
if row.p_mw != 0.:
continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -row.p_mw * r(), max(0.001, abs(0.03 * row.p_mw)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -row.q_mvar * r(), max(.0001, abs(0.03 * row.q_mvar)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], .01, side=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.01, side=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[2], .01, side=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[2], .01, side=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[3], .01, side=5, element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[3], 0.01, side=5, element=3)
success = estimate(net, init='slack', calculate_voltage_angles=angles, tolerance=1e-9)
# pretty high error for vm_pu (half percent!)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
def test_net_oos_line():
net = nw.case9()
net.line.in_service.iat[4] = False
pp.runpp(net)
for line_ix in net.line.index:
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.at[line_ix, "p_from_mw"],
0.01, element=line_ix, side="from")
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.at[line_ix, "q_from_mvar"],
0.01, element=line_ix, side="from")
for bus_ix in net.bus.index:
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.at[bus_ix, "vm_pu"],
0.01, element=bus_ix)
if not estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection=None):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_init_slack_with_multiple_transformers(angles=True):
np.random.seed(123)
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 220, index=0)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=1)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=2)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=3)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=4)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=7, in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 7, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV", in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 4, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, std_type="100 MVA 220/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 2, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 3, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 4, 5, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 5, 6, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_load(net, 2, 5000, 3300)
pp.create_load(net, 5, 900, 500)
pp.create_load(net, 6, 700, 300)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=0, vm_pu=1.04, va_degree=10., name="Slack 220 kV")
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
for bus, row in net.res_bus[net.bus.in_service == True].iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
if row.p_kw != 0.:
continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -row.p_kw * r(), max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.p_kw)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -row.q_kvar * r(), max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.q_kvar)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_kw[0], 10., bus=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0], 10., bus=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_kw[2], 10., bus=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_kvar[2], 10., bus=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_kw[3], 10., bus=5, element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_kvar[3], 10., bus=5, element=3)
success = estimate(net, init='slack', calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
# pretty high error for vm_pu (half percent!)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values
- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
def test_3bus():
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.7, x_ohm_per_km=0.2, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.8, x_ohm_per_km=0.8, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=1, x_ohm_per_km=0.6, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", -0.0011, 0.01, 0, 0) # p12
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.024, 0.01, 0, 0) # q12
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -0.018, 0.01, 2) # p3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0.1, 0.01, 2) # q3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.08, 0.05, 0) # u1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.015, 0.05, 2) # u3
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([1.0627, 1.0589, 1.0317])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([0., 0.8677, 3.1381])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
# Backwards check. Use state estimation results for power flow and check for equality
net.ext_grid.vm_pu = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.iloc[0]
pp.create_load(net, 0, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[0], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[0])
pp.create_load(net, 1, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[1], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[1])
pp.create_load(net, 2, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[2], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[2])
_compare_pf_and_se_results(net)
def test_network_with_trafo3w_with_disabled_branch():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_slack = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus_slack)
bus_20_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20,name="b")
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_20_1, p_mw=0.03, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_10_1, p_mw=0.02, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_load(net, bus=bus_10_2, p_mw=0.06, q_mvar=0.01)
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
disabled_line = pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
net.line.at[disabled_line, 'in_service'] = False
pp.create_transformer3w(net, bus_slack, bus_20_1, bus_10_1, std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[1], 0.001, 1, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[1], 0.001, 1, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_hv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_mv_mw[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_mv_mvar[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_lv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_lv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0], 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[1], 0.01, 1)
success = estimate(net)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
def test_net_unobserved_island():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus2, bus3, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus4, bus1, std_type="40 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus4, vm_pu=1.0)
pp.create_load(net, bus1, p_mw=.350, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=.450, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=.250, q_mvar=.100)
# Created bb switch
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus1], .002), .002, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
# IF pq of bus2 is not available makes bus3 an unobserved island
# pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
# pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", r2(net.res_line.q_from_mvar.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
success = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection=None)
assert success
def test_3bus_with_2_slacks():
# load the net which already contains 3 buses
net = load_3bus_network()
# add the same net with different slack (no galvanic connection)
# skip bus index 4 as further stability test
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus5", vn_kv=1., index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus6", vn_kv=1., index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus7", vn_kv=1., index=7)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 5)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 5, 6, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 5, 7, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 6, 7, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, element=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, element=6) # V at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -.501, .010, element=6) # P at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -.286, .010, element=6) # Q at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", .888, .008, 3, 5) # Pline (bus 5 -> bus 6) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, .008, 4, 5) # Pline (bus 5 -> bus 7) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .568, .008, 3, 5) # Qline (bus 5 -> bus 6) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .663, .008, 4, 5) # Qline (bus 5 -> bus 7) at bus 5
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init='flat', maximum_iterations=10)
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438, np.nan, 0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([0.0, -1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862, np.nan, 0.0,
-1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4)