def test_missing_gen():
net = nw.case4gs()
pp.rundcpp(net)
res_gen = copy.deepcopy(net.res_gen.values)
net.pop("res_gen")
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.values, res_gen, equal_nan=True)
def evaluate_run(self, run):
"""Procedure to evaluate a single run (hour).
Parameters
----------
run : int
number of the evaluated run"""
# copy network
network = copy.deepcopy(self.network)
# fetch run data
sgen_run, load_run = self.regionalize_curves(network, run)
# update network dataframe
network.sgen.p_mw.update(sgen_run)
network.load.p_mw.update(load_run)
# set dcline direction
network = self.direct_dclines(network, run)
# evaluate loadflow
pp.rundcpp(network)
# evaluate the results of the run
self.evaluate_run_result(network, run)
def test_PTDF():
net = nw.case9()
pp.rundcpp(net)
_, ppci = _pd2ppc(net)
ptdf = makePTDF(ppci["baseMVA"],
ppci["bus"],
ppci["branch"],
using_sparse_solver=False)
_ = makePTDF(ppci["baseMVA"],
ppci["bus"],
ppci["branch"],
result_side=1,
using_sparse_solver=False)
ptdf_sparse = makePTDF(ppci["baseMVA"],
ppci["bus"],
ppci["branch"],
using_sparse_solver=True)
if not np.allclose(ptdf, ptdf_sparse):
raise AssertionError(
"Sparse PTDF has differenct result against dense PTDF")
if not ptdf.shape == (ppci["bus"].shape[0], ppci["branch"].shape[0]):
raise AssertionError("PTDF has wrong dimension")
if not np.all(~np.isnan(ptdf)):
raise AssertionError("PTDF has NaN value")
def test_isolated_gen_lookup():
net=pp.create_empty_network()
gen_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='gen_bus')
slack_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='slack_bus')
gen_iso_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='iso_bus')
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=slack_bus, to_bus=gen_bus, length_km=1, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=slack_bus, vm_pu=1.)
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, p_mw=1, vm_pu=1., name='iso_gen')
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_mw=1, vm_pu=1., name='oos_gen', in_service=False)
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_mw=2, vm_pu=1., name='gen')
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1)
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1)
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1, in_service=False)
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
assert np.allclose(net.res_xward.p_mw.values, [0, 2, 0])
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
assert np.allclose(net.res_xward.p_mw.values, [0, 2, 0])
def _get_bus_ppc_mapping(net, bus_to_be_fused):
bus_with_elements = set(net.load.bus).union(set(net.sgen.bus)).union(
set(net.shunt.bus)).union(set(net.gen.bus)).union(set(
net.ext_grid.bus)).union(set(net.ward.bus)).union(
set(net.xward.bus))
# Run dc pp to get the ppc we need
pp.rundcpp(net)
bus_ppci = pd.DataFrame(data=net._pd2ppc_lookups['bus'],
columns=["bus_ppci"])
bus_ppci['bus_with_elements'] = bus_ppci.index.isin(bus_with_elements)
existed_bus = bus_ppci[bus_ppci.index.isin(net.bus.index)]
bus_ppci['vn_kv'] = net.bus.loc[existed_bus.index, 'vn_kv']
ppci_bus_with_elements = bus_ppci.groupby(
'bus_ppci')['bus_with_elements'].sum()
bus_ppci.loc[:, 'elements_in_cluster'] = ppci_bus_with_elements[
bus_ppci['bus_ppci'].values].values
bus_ppci['bus_to_be_fused'] = False
if bus_to_be_fused is not None:
bus_ppci.loc[bus_to_be_fused, 'bus_to_be_fused'] = True
bus_cluster_to_be_fused_mask = bus_ppci.groupby(
'bus_ppci')['bus_to_be_fused'].any()
bus_ppci.loc[
bus_cluster_to_be_fused_mask[bus_ppci['bus_ppci'].values].values,
'bus_to_be_fused'] = True
return bus_ppci
def test_ext_grid_gen_order_in_ppc():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
for b in range(6):
pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=1., name=b)
for l_bus in range(0, 5, 2):
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus=l_bus,
to_bus=l_bus + 1,
length_km=1,
std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
for slack_bus in [0, 2, 5]:
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=slack_bus, vm_pu=1.)
for gen_bus in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5]:
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_kw=-1, vm_pu=1.)
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert all(net.res_gen.p_kw == net.gen.p_kw)
assert all(net.res_ext_grid.p_kw > 0)
pp.runpp(net)
assert all(net.res_gen.p_kw == net.gen.p_kw)
assert all(net.res_ext_grid.p_kw > 0)
def run_dc_power_flow(self):
"""
Run a DC Power Flow for the network
"""
pp.rundcpp(self.network)
return
def test_LODF():
net = nw.case9()
pp.rundcpp(net)
_, ppci = _pd2ppc(net)
ptdf = makePTDF(ppci["baseMVA"], ppci["bus"], ppci["branch"])
lodf = makeLODF(ppci["branch"], ptdf)
if not lodf.shape == (ppci["branch"].shape[0], ppci["branch"].shape[0]):
raise AssertionError("LODF has wrong dimension")
def test_rundcpp_init():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1, b2, l1 = add_grid_connection(net)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4)
tidx = pp.create_transformer(net,
hv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b3,
std_type="0.25 MVA 20/0.4 kV")
pp.rundcpp(net)
def init(self):
if self.pf == 'pf':
pp.runpp(self.network)
elif self.pf == 'dcpf':
pp.rundcpp(self.network)
elif self.pf == 'opf':
pp.runopp(self.network)
else:
pp.rundcopp(self.network)
def test_test_sn_mva():
test_net_gen1 = result_test_network_generator_dcpp(sn_mva=1)
test_net_gen2 = result_test_network_generator_dcpp(sn_mva=2)
for net1, net2 in zip(test_net_gen1, test_net_gen2):
pp.rundcpp(net1)
pp.rundcpp(net2)
try:
assert_net_equal(net1, net2)
except:
raise UserWarning("Result difference due to sn_mva after adding %s" % net1.last_added_case)
def test_single_bus_network():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b)
pp.runpp(net)
assert net.converged
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert net.converged
def test_two_open_switches():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1, b2, l1 = add_grid_connection(net)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20.)
l2 = create_test_line(net, b2, b3)
create_test_line(net, b3, b1)
pp.create_switch(net, b2, l2, et="l", closed=False)
pp.create_switch(net, b3, l2, et="l", closed=False)
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.isnan(net.res_line.i_ka.at[l2]) or net.res_line.i_ka.at[l2] == 0
def runpf(self, is_dc=False):
"""
Now we just perform a powerflow with pandapower which can be done with either `rundcpp` for dc powerflow
or with `runpp`for AC powerflow
"""
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# remove the warning if _grid non connex. And it that case load flow as not converged
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=scipy.sparse.linalg.MatrixRankWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
if is_dc:
pp.rundcpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
else:
pp.runpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
return self._grid.converged
except pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged as exc_:
# of the powerflow has not converged, results are Nan
return False
def test_rundcpp_init_auxiliary_buses():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1, b2, l1 = add_grid_connection(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20.)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
tidx = pp.create_transformer3w(net, b2, b3, b4, std_type='63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV')
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_mw=5)
pp.create_load(net, b4, p_mw=5)
pp.create_xward(net, b4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0)
net.trafo3w.shift_lv_degree.at[tidx] = 120
net.trafo3w.shift_mv_degree.at[tidx] = 80
pp.rundcpp(net)
va = net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b2]
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_mv_degree.at[tidx], net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3],
atol=2)
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_lv_degree.at[tidx], net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b4],
atol=2)
def step(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.pf == 'pf':
a = pp.runpp(self.network)
elif self.pf == 'dcpf':
a = pp.rundcpp(self.network)
elif self.pf == 'opf':
a = pp.runopp(self.network)
else:
a = pp.rundcopp(self.network)
return a
def assert_pf(net, dc=False):
custom_file = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(pp.__file__)),
"opf", "run_powermodels_powerflow.jl")
if dc:
# see https://github.com/lanl-ansi/PowerModels.jl/issues/612 for details
pp.runpm(net, julia_file=custom_file, pm_model="DCMPPowerModel")
else:
pp.runpm(net, julia_file=custom_file, pm_model="ACPPowerModel")
va_pm = copy.copy(net.res_bus.va_degree)
vm_pm = copy.copy(net.res_bus.vm_pu)
if dc:
pp.rundcpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
else:
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
va_pp = copy.copy(net.res_bus.va_degree)
vm_pp = copy.copy(net.res_bus.vm_pu)
assert np.allclose(va_pm, va_pp)
if not dc:
assert np.allclose(vm_pm, vm_pp)
def runpf(self, is_dc=False):
"""
Now we just perform a powerflow with pandapower which can be done with either `rundcpp` for dc powerflow
or with `runpp` for AC powerflow.
This is really a 2 lines code. It is a bit more verbose here because we took care of silencing some
warnings and try / catch some possible exceptions.
"""
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# remove the warning if _grid non connex. And it that case load flow as not converged
warnings.filterwarnings(
"ignore", category=scipy.sparse.linalg.MatrixRankWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
if is_dc:
pp.rundcpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
else:
pp.runpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
return self._grid.converged, None
except pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged as exc_:
# of the powerflow has not converged, results are Nan
return False, exc_
def assert_pf(net, dc=False):
if dc:
model="DCMPPowerModel"
else:
model="ACPPowerModel"
pp.runpm_pf(net, pm_model=model)
va_pm = copy.deepcopy(net.res_bus.va_degree)
vm_pm = copy.deepcopy(net.res_bus.vm_pu)
if dc:
pp.rundcpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
else:
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
va_pp = copy.deepcopy(net.res_bus.va_degree)
vm_pp = copy.deepcopy(net.res_bus.vm_pu)
assert np.allclose(va_pm, va_pp)
if not dc:
assert np.allclose(vm_pm, vm_pp)
def calc_sc_on_line(net, line_ix, distance_to_bus0, **kwargs):
"""
Calculate the shortcircuit in the middle of the line, returns a modified network
with the shortcircuit calculation results and the bus added
INPUT:
**net** - panpdapower net
**line_ix** (int) - The line of the shortcircuit
**distance_to_bus0** (float) - The position of the shortcircuit should be between 0-1
OPTIONAL:
**kwargs**** - the parameters required for the pandapower calc_sc function
"""
# Update network
aux_net, aux_bus = _create_aux_net(net, line_ix, distance_to_bus0)
pp.rundcpp(aux_net)
calc_sc(aux_net, bus=aux_bus, **kwargs)
# Return the new net and the aux bus
return aux_net, aux_bus
def test_isolated_gen_lookup():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
gen_bus = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=1., name='gen_bus')
slack_bus = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=1., name='slack_bus')
gen_iso_bus = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=1., name='iso_bus')
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus=slack_bus,
to_bus=gen_bus,
length_km=1,
std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=slack_bus, vm_pu=1.)
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, p_kw=-1, vm_pu=1., name='iso_gen')
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_kw=-2, vm_pu=1., name='gen')
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert net.res_gen.p_kw.values[1] == net.gen.p_kw.values[1]
pp.runpp(net)
assert net.res_gen.p_kw.values[1] == net.gen.p_kw.values[1]
def rundcpp_with_consistency_checks(net, **kwargs):
pp.rundcpp(net, **kwargs)
consistency_checks(net, test_q=False)
return True
def run_ref_pf(self, net):
pp.rundcpp(net, init="flat")
def runpf(self, is_dc=False):
"""
Run a power flow on the underlying _grid. This implements an optimization of the powerflow
computation: if the number of
buses has not changed between two calls, the previous results are re used. This speeds up the computation
in case of "do nothing" action applied.
"""
# print("I called runpf")
conv = True
nb_bus = self.get_nb_active_bus()
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# remove the warning if _grid non connex. And it that case load flow as not converged
warnings.filterwarnings(
"ignore", category=scipy.sparse.linalg.MatrixRankWarning)
if nb_bus == self._nb_bus_before:
self._pf_init = "results"
init_vm_pu = "results"
init_va_degree = "results"
else:
self._pf_init = "auto"
init_vm_pu = None
init_va_degree = None
if is_dc:
pp.rundcpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
self._nb_bus_before = None # if dc i start normally next time i call an ac powerflow
else:
pp.runpp(self._grid,
check_connectivity=False,
init=self._pf_init)
self._nb_bus_before = nb_bus
if self._grid.res_gen.isnull().values.any():
# sometimes pandapower does not detect divergence and put Nan.
raise p.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged
# I retrieve the data once for the flows, so has to not re read multiple dataFrame
self.p_or = self._aux_get_line_info("p_from_mw", "p_hv_mw")
self.q_or = self._aux_get_line_info("q_from_mvar", "q_hv_mvar")
self.v_or = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_from_pu", "vm_hv_pu")
self.a_or = self._aux_get_line_info("i_from_ka",
"i_hv_ka") * 1000
self.a_or[~np.isfinite(self.a_or)] = 0.
self.p_ex = self._aux_get_line_info("p_to_mw", "p_lv_mw")
self.q_ex = self._aux_get_line_info("q_to_mvar", "q_lv_mvar")
self.v_ex = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_to_pu", "vm_lv_pu")
self.a_ex = self._aux_get_line_info("i_to_ka",
"i_lv_ka") * 1000
self.a_ex[~np.isfinite(self.a_ex)] = 0.
self.v_or *= self.lines_or_pu_to_kv
self.v_ex *= self.lines_ex_pu_to_kv
return self._grid.converged
except pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged:
# of the powerflow has not converged, results are Nan
self.p_or = np.full(self.n_lines,
dtype=np.float,
fill_value=np.NaN)
self.q_or = self.p_or
self.v_or = self.p_or
self.a_or = self.p_or
self.p_ex = self.p_or
self.q_ex = self.p_or
self.v_ex = self.p_or
self.a_ex = self.p_or
self._nb_bus_before = None
return False
def OPA_model(net, f_bus, f_gen, f_load, f_line, f_trafo):
# This variable allows to stop the function when a total blackout situation is reached
total_blackout = 0
# Set failed elements as out of service.
# In the case of failed buses, all the elements connected to the bus are also removed
f_bus = list(f_bus)
pp.set_element_status(net, f_bus, in_service=False)
f_gen = list(f_gen)
net.gen.loc[f_gen, 'in_service'] = False
f_load = list(f_load)
net.load.loc[f_load, 'in_service'] = False
f_line = list(f_line)
net.line.loc[f_line, 'in_service'] = False
f_trafo = list(f_trafo)
net.trafo.loc[f_trafo, 'in_service'] = False
# Variable for entering in the while loop
cascade = True
# Store the initial power level of each generator
intermediate_gen_power = dict(net.gen.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_gen = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_gen_power.items()))
intermediate_gen_power = list(order_dict_gen.values())
intermediate_load_power = dict(net.load.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_load = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_load_power.items()))
intermediate_load_power = list(order_dict_load.values())
while cascade == True:
# Create a networkx graph of the power network
G = pp.topology.create_nxgraph(net)
# Create a list of sets containing the islands of the network
list_islands = list(nx.connected_components(G))
# Create a list of buses with generators in service
list_bus_with_gen_in_service = list(
net.gen.bus[net.gen.in_service == True])
list_bus_with_gen_in_service = list(set(list_bus_with_gen_in_service))
list_bus_with_gen_in_service.sort()
list_bus_with_slack_gen_in_service = list(
net.gen.bus[net.gen.in_service == True][net.gen.slack == True])
# Check the configuration of each island in the power network
for island in list_islands:
#print(island)
island = list(island)
# Check if the island has an external grid. If yes, it is ok and you can proceed to the next island.
# If no, check if there is an availabl generator in the island. If yes, turn it into an external grid.
# If no, go to the next island.
if set(list_bus_with_slack_gen_in_service).isdisjoint(island):
if set(list_bus_with_gen_in_service).isdisjoint(island):
pass
else:
set_island = set(island)
bus_with_gen_in_island = list(
set_island.intersection(list_bus_with_gen_in_service))
slack_gen = list(net.gen.index[net.gen.bus ==
bus_with_gen_in_island[0]])
net.gen.loc[slack_gen[0], 'slack'] = True
else:
pass
# Set the isolated islands (without ext. grid/slack gen.) out of service
pp.set_isolated_areas_out_of_service(net)
# Try to run a DC OPF
try:
pp.rundcopp(net, verbose=False)
# If it converges, save a the power level at each generators and ext grids
intermediate_gen_power = dict(net.res_gen.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_gen = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_gen_power.items()))
intermediate_gen_power = list(order_dict_gen.values())
intermediate_load_power = dict(net.res_load.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_load = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_load_power.items()))
intermediate_load_power = list(order_dict_load.values())
# If the DC OPF does not converge, increase the loads costs
# A while loop which decreases the loads costs until the DC OPF converges or the costs reach a value of 0
except pp.OPFNotConverged:
#print(f_line, f_bus, f_trafo)
print('CONVERGENCE PROBLEMS')
cost = 1
load_cost = -100
while cost == 1:
load_cost += 2
#print(load_cost)
net.poly_cost.cp1_eur_per_mw[net.poly_cost.et ==
'load'] = load_cost
try:
pp.rundcopp(net)
#pp.rundcopp(net, SCPDIPM_RED_IT=100, PDIPM_COSTTOL = 1e-3, PDIPM_GRADTOL = 1e-3)
intermediate_gen_power = dict(net.res_gen.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_gen = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_gen_power.items()))
intermediate_gen_power = list(order_dict_gen.values())
intermediate_load_power = dict(net.res_load.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_load = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(intermediate_load_power.items()))
intermediate_load_power = list(order_dict_load.values())
cost = 0
except pp.OPFNotConverged:
pass
# If the loads costs are set to 0, run a DC power flow with the last available generators power levels
if load_cost == 0:
net.gen.loc[:, 'p_mw'] = intermediate_gen_power
net.load.loc[:, 'p_mw'] = intermediate_load_power
pp.rundcpp(net)
break
# This is in case to generators is available (everything is failed basically)
except UserWarning:
total_blackout = 1
break
# If there is a total blackout situation, break the loop
if total_blackout == 1:
break
# Create a list of lines still in service
list_line_in_service = list(
net.line.loc[net.line.in_service == True].index)
list_line_in_service.sort()
# This variable is to check if there are new failures due to overloads
new_failure = 0
for line in list_line_in_service:
level_loading = net.res_line.loc[line, 'loading_percent']
# If a line a loading >= the 99% of its maximum capacity, it is considered overloaded
if level_loading >= 99:
print('OVERLOADS')
new_failure = 1
net.line.loc[line, 'in_service'] = False
# Same for transformer lines
list_trafo_in_service = list(
net.trafo.loc[net.trafo.in_service == True].index)
list_trafo_in_service.sort()
for trafo in list_trafo_in_service:
level_loading = net.res_trafo.loc[trafo, 'loading_percent']
if level_loading >= 99:
print('OVERLOADS')
new_failure = 1
net.trafo.loc[trafo, 'in_service'] = False
# If there are no overloads, break the while loop
if new_failure == 0:
break
# Save the final power levels of each generator and load
if total_blackout == 0:
final_state_load = dict(net.res_load.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_load = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(final_state_load.items()))
list_load_power = list(order_dict_load.values())
final_state_gen = dict(net.res_gen.loc[:, 'p_mw'])
order_dict_gen = collections.OrderedDict(
sorted(final_state_gen.items()))
list_gen_power = list(order_dict_gen.values())
list_gen_power = np.array(list_gen_power)
list_load_power = np.array(list_load_power)
for i, j in enumerate(list_gen_power):
if math.isnan(j):
list_gen_power[i] = 0
for i, j in enumerate(list_load_power):
if math.isnan(j):
list_load_power[i] = 0
elif total_blackout == 1:
list_gen_power = np.zeros(len(net.gen.index))
list_load_power = np.zeros(len(net.load.index))
return (list_gen_power, list_load_power)
def power_over_congestion(Grid, TypeElmnt, BranchIndTable, max_load_percent):
""" Calculates delta power over from max power expected under the max_load_percent.
Increases OverloadP_kW in 5% over max power branch limit.
Returns (OverloadP_kW, loading_percent)
"""
# FLUJO DE LINEA CAMBIA SIGNO. Absolute values requiered
loading_percent = Grid['res_' + TypeElmnt].at[BranchIndTable,
'loading_percent']
FluPAB_kW = abs(
Grid['res_' + TypeElmnt].at[BranchIndTable,
'p_from_kw']) # da igual dirección (signo)
MaxFluP_kW = FluPAB_kW * max_load_percent / loading_percent # >= 0
OverloadP_kW = FluPAB_kW - MaxFluP_kW
OverloadP_kW += MaxFluP_kW * (0.05) # increase 5% to compensate fpl error
return OverloadP_kW, loading_percent
if __name__ == '__main__':
# directly import conftest.py file (test only)
import pandapower as pp
from sys import path as sys__path
sys__path.insert(0, "test/")
# import test case
from conftest import Sist5Bus
Grid = Sist5Bus()
redispatch(Grid, 'line', 0, max_load_percent=0.08)
# redispatch(Grid, 'line', 0, max_load_percent = 2.8)
pp.rundcpp(Grid)
def get_violation_number(grid3120, name):
net = grid3120
pp.rundcpp(net)
ppc = net["_ppc"]
##### Setup Grid fluctuation parameters and constraints ########
## thresold on shift significance in DC-PF Eqs
## pwr = pwr_shf + np.real(bbus)*va
##
shf_eps = 1e-4
## Std for fluctuating loads divided by their nominal values:
## for small grids values 0.5-1 are realistic
## larger grids have cov_std = 0.1 -- 0.3 or less
##
cov_std = 0.25
## Phase angle difference limit
## small grids: pi/8 -- pi/6
## large grids: pi/3 -- pi/4
##
bnd = math.pi / 2
### Cut small probabilities threshold
### discard all probabilities than thrs* prb(closest hyperplane)
###
###
### Crucially affects time performance
###
thrs = 0.001
### Number of samples used in experiments
### 500 is often enough
### 10000 is a default value supresses the variance
nsmp = 500
### Step-sizes for KL and Var minimization
### works well with 0.1-0.01
eta_vm = 0.1
eta_kl = 0.1
### Rounding threshold in optimization:
### if a (normalized on the simplex) hpl probability becomes lower then 0.001
### we increase it to this level
###
### Crucially affects numerical stability
###
eps = 0.001
##### Setup power grid case in a convenient form for further sampling ########
### find number of lines (m) and buses(n)
m = net.line['to_bus'].size
n = net.res_bus['p_mw'].size
### Construct adjacency matrix
###
adj = np.zeros((2 * m, n))
for i in range(0, m):
adj[i, net.line['to_bus'][i]] = 1
adj[i, net.line['from_bus'][i]] = -1
adj[i + m, net.line['to_bus'][i]] = -1
adj[i + m, net.line['from_bus'][i]] = 1
### DC power flow equations have a form:
###
### pwr = pwr_shf + np.real(bbus)*va
### (compute all parameters)
bbus = np.real(ppc['internal']['Bbus'])
va = math.pi * net.res_bus['va_degree'] / 180
pwr = -net.res_bus['p_mw']
pwr_shf = pwr - bbus @ va
### pwr_shf is significant or not:
###
### if the shift is small: zero it out
### (simplifies testing and removes "math zeros")
print("significant shift: ", np.max(pwr_shf) - np.min(pwr_shf) > shf_eps)
if (np.max(pwr_shf) - np.min(pwr_shf) < shf_eps):
pwr_shf[range(0, n)] = 0
### Phase angle differences:
###
### va = pinv(bbus)*(pwr - pwr_shf)
### va_d = adj*va = adj*pinv(bbus)*(pwr - pwr_shf)
### va_d = pf_mat*pwr - va_shf
bbus_pinv = pinvh(bbus.todense())
pf_mat = adj @ bbus_pinv
va_shf = pf_mat @ pwr_shf
### Voltage angle differences:
###
va_d = pf_mat @ pwr - va_shf
##### Distribution of fluctuations ######
### assume the only one slack (a higher-level grid) in the grid
### supress all its fluctuations and balance the grid
###
### TODO: adjust to a general case
###
slck = net.ext_grid['bus']
slck_mat = np.eye(n)
slck_mat[slck] = -1
## assign values to the whole array
slck_mat[slck, slck] = 0
# and zero out for the slack itself
### set fluctuating components: either loads or gens or both
###
loads = np.zeros(n)
gens = np.zeros(n)
ctrls = np.zeros(n)
## controllable loads + gens
loads[net.load['bus']] = -net.res_load['p_mw']
gens[net.gen['bus']] = net.res_gen['p_mw']
ctrls = loads + gens
### assume only loads are fluctuating
###
xi = loads
### Set covariance matrix and mean
###
### cov_sq = square of the covariance matrix
### Gaussian rv with covariance \Sigma is \Sigma^{1/2} * std_normal_rv
###
### TODO: change to LU/cholesky factorization
###
cov_sq = cov_std * np.diag(np.abs(xi))
### Final equations with fluctuations xi are then
###
### w/o fluctuations:
### va_d = pf_mat*pwr - va_shf
### with fluctuations:
### va_d = pf_mat@(pwr + slck_mat*cov_sq*xi) - va_shf
### va_d = pf_mat@pwr - va_shf + (pf_mat@(slck_mat@cov_sq))@xi_std
### va_d = mu + A@xi_std
### where xi_std is a standard normal with only fluctuating components
###
A = (pf_mat @ slck_mat) @ cov_sq
mu = pf_mat @ pwr - va_shf
### Feasibility Polytope Inequalities
### bnd \ge va_d = mu_f + A_f@xi_std
### incorporates both va_d \le b and va_d \ge -b as we have va_d's with 2 signs
###
b = np.ones(2 * m) * bnd
### normalize the matrices to make it easier to compute a failure probability
###
### compute row norms of A
nrms = np.maximum(la.norm(A, axis=1), 1e-20)
### normalize A and b so that b_n\ge A_n*xi_std
b_n = (b - mu) / nrms
A_n = [A[i] / nrms[i] for i in range(0, 2 * m)]
##### Assest equations feasibility #######
### Power balance check
###
print("Eqs balance check:", 0 == np.sum(np.sign(mu)))
### check positiveness of bnd - mu_f = RHS - LHS
###
print("Inqs. feasibility check: ", np.min(b - mu) > 0)
print("Min gap in phase angles = min(RHS - LHS)",
np.min(b - mu)) ## positive value, otherwise the grid fails whp
print("The RHS (phase angle diff max) = ", bnd)
### Compute probabilities:
### prb: probability of each hpl failure
### p_up, p_dwn: upper and lower bounds
###
prb = norm.cdf(-b_n)
p_up = np.sum(prb)
p_dwn = np.max(prb)
print("the union bound (upper):", p_up)
print("the max bound (lower):", p_dwn)
### Keep only valuable probabilities:
### - use the union bound for all the rest
### - keep only the prbs higher than the thrs* p_dwn
prbh_id = (prb > thrs * p_dwn)
prb_rmd = np.sum(prb[~(prb > thrs * p_dwn)])
print("Remainder probability (omitted):", prb_rmd)
############ Preliminary steps for Sampling and Importance Sampling ############
### normalize all active probabilities to one
### as we only play a hyperplane out of them
###
### NB: crucial steps in performance optimization
###
x_id = np.where(prbh_id == True)[0]
### local normalized versions of A and b,
### reduced in size: number of rows now is equal to a number of constraints
### that have a high probability of violation
###
x_bn = b_n[x_id]
### we do not care about the full matrix A and vector b
### only about important parts of them
A_n = np.array(A_n)
x_An = A_n[x_id]
print("# hpls we care of: ", len(x_bn))
############# Monte-Carlo ##################
rv = norm()
x_std = norm.rvs(size=[n, nsmp])
smp = x_An @ x_std
### fls_mc = failures in Monte-Carlo, e.g.
### when MC discovers a failure
###
fls_mc = sum((x_bn <= smp.T[:]).T)
print("Max # of hlps a sample if out of: ", np.max(fls_mc))
### MC failure expectation and std
###
mc_exp = (1 - np.sum(fls_mc == 0) / nsmp) * (1 - prb_rmd) + prb_rmd
mc_std = (1 - prb_rmd) / math.sqrt(nsmp)
violation_dict = {}
for i in range(0, np.max(fls_mc) + 1):
print(i, "hpls violated (exactly) vs # cases", np.sum(fls_mc == i))
violation_dict[i] = int(np.sum(fls_mc == i))
print("\nMC(exp, std):", (mc_exp, mc_std))
## write into file
#path_to_viol_dirs = os.path.join("results", "hplns_violations")
violation_dict["Ineqs. Feasibility Check"] = bool(np.min(b - mu) > 0)
violation_dict["Significant shift"] = bool(
np.max(pwr_shf) - np.min(pwr_shf) > shf_eps)
violation_dict["Min gap in phase angles = min(RHS - LHS)"] = float(
np.min(b - mu))
violation_dict["The RHS (phase angle diff max) = "] = float(bnd)
violation_dict["Probability"] = mc_exp
############# ALOE ##################
###
### Exactly follows to the Owen/Maximov/Chertkov paper, EJOS'19
###
### sample z ~ N(0, I_n)
### sample u ~ U(0,1)
### compute y = F^{-1}(u F(-b_i))
### compute x = - (a_i * y + (I - a_i.T * a_i) z)
###
### Ouput: union bound divided by the expected failure multiplicity
###
### Initialize samplers
###
### sample z ~ N(0, I_n) and u ~ U(0,1)
###
rv = norm()
rv_u = uniform()
z = norm.rvs(size=[nsmp, n])
u = uniform.rvs(size=[nsmp])
### x_alph is a vector of ALOE probabilities
### normalized by a unit simplex
###
x_alph = prb[prbh_id] / np.sum(prb[prbh_id])
print("ALOE prbs for major hpls: ", x_alph)
### _hpl: how many smpls beyond each of the hpls
###
_hpl = multinomial.rvs(n=nsmp, p=x_alph)
### print("# samples per hpl", _hpl)
### Get cummulative sums, which are easier to work with
_hpl = list(itertools.accumulate(_hpl))
_hpl = np.array(_hpl)
### print("cusum of # hpls", _hpl)
### Generate samples
### x_aloe -- samples generated by ALOE
###
### TODO: seems optimizable, but I am not sure about memory mgmnt in python
x_aloe = np.zeros([nsmp, n])
# index of the active hyperplane
hpl_id = 0
### get samples x_aloe according to the algorithm
for i in range(0, nsmp):
### get index of a hyperplane to sample beyond
hpl_id = (hpl_id, hpl_id + 1)[i >= _hpl[hpl_id]]
y = norm.ppf(u[i] * norm.cdf(-x_bn[hpl_id]))
x_aloe[i] = -x_An[hpl_id] * y - z[i] + np.outer(
x_An[hpl_id], x_An[hpl_id]) @ z[i]
### test how many constraints are violated
smp = x_An @ x_aloe.T
### compute expectation and std
aloe_exp = p_up * np.sum(
1. / np.sum(x_bn <= smp.T[:], axis=1)) / nsmp + prb_rmd
aloe_std = p_up * math.sqrt(2 * len(_hpl)) / math.sqrt(nsmp)
# indeed len(_hpl) instead of 2*m in the Thrm
print("ALOE (exp, std)", (aloe_exp, aloe_std))
####### Optimization approach ######
#######
####### Variance Minimization ######
#######
### setup the initial values
eta = eta_vm
md_var = 0
md_exp = 0
grad = np.zeros(len(x_bn))
#gradient on each iteration
_hpl = np.zeros(nsmp)
# hpls choosen by the method
### intentionally use a copy instead of a reference
### alph is a vector of weigths to be updated in algorithm
###
alph = x_alph[:]
# values for Phi (x_bn)
x_phi = [norm.cdf(-x_bn[i]) for i in range(0, len(x_bn))]
### grad normalization by prbs[i] factor is introduced to make computations numerically stable
###
prbs = prb[prbh_id]
for i in range(0, nsmp):
### sample x according to current alph
hpl_id = np.where(
multinomial.rvs(n=1, p=alph, size=1, random_state=None)[0] == 1)[0]
_hpl[i] = hpl_id
### generate a sample following to the ALOE procedure
y = norm.ppf(u[i] * norm.cdf(-x_bn[hpl_id]))
x_smp = -x_An[hpl_id] * y - z[i] + np.outer(x_An[hpl_id],
x_An[hpl_id]) @ z[i]
### the RHS' to be compared with x_bn
x_smp = x_An @ x_smp.T
### results of constraints violations for each generated object
cns_vlt = (x_bn <= x_smp.T[:])[0]
### weight vector defined by the multiplicity of constraint violation for each sample
wgt = 1. / np.sum(np.multiply(cns_vlt, np.multiply(alph, 1. / x_alph)))
### compute gradient of the variance, see the paper (our + OMC) for details
grad = [
-p_up * p_up * wgt * wgt * norm.pdf(x_smp[k])[0] * cns_vlt[k] /
prbs[k] for k in range(len(x_smp))
]
grad = np.array(grad)
### The gradient is high -- signal about emergency as it can zero out all weights
if (la.norm(eta * grad) > 1e4):
print(
"\n############## Extremely high gradient ############\n"
)
print("Iteration: ", i, "\nGradient:", grad)
### make a ``simplex MD'' update
alph = [
math.exp(-eta * grad[k]) * alph[k] for k in range(0, len(x_smp))
]
### enter if some coordinates are too small and may cause numerical instability
### increase the corresponding weigths
if (np.min(alph) < eps):
print("########### some coordinates are small #################")
alph = [alph[k] + eps for k in range(0, len(x_bn))]
### make a projection to the unit simplex
alph = alph / np.sum(alph)
### adjust contribution to the errors
md_exp = md_exp + wgt
md_var = md_var + p_up * np.dot(grad.T, grad)
print("Optimal weigths of MD-Var minimization: ", alph)
print("Optimal weigths of ALOE", x_alph)
### normalize errors, compute standard deviation
md_exp = p_up * md_exp / nsmp + prb_rmd
md_std = p_up * math.sqrt(md_var) / nsmp
print("MD-Var (exp, std)", (md_exp, md_std))
#print("assert normalization:", np.sum(alph), np.sum(x_alph))
####### Optimization approach ######
#######
####### KL Minimization ######
#######
### SMD step-size
eta = eta_kl
### setup initial values
kl_exp = 0
kl_var = 0
grad = np.zeros(len(x_bn))
_hpl = np.zeros(nsmp)
## _hpl[i] = beyond which hpl we sample on iteration i
### intentionally use a copy instead of a reference
### alph is an optimization variable
alph = x_alph[:]
### this normalization factor is introduced to make computations numerically stable
prbs = prb[prbh_id]
for i in range(0, nsmp): #,miniters=500):
### sample x according to current alph
hpl_id = np.where(
multinomial.rvs(n=1, p=alph, size=1, random_state=None)[0] == 1)[0]
_hpl[i] = hpl_id
### generate a sample accordint to ALOE
y = norm.ppf(u[i] * norm.cdf(-x_bn[hpl_id]))
x_smp = -x_An[hpl_id] * y - z[i] + np.outer(x_An[hpl_id],
x_An[hpl_id]) @ z[i]
### RHS to compare with x_bn
x_smp = x_An @ x_smp.T
### results of constraints violations for the generated object
cns_vlt = (x_bn <= x_smp.T[:])[0]
### object weight which is set according to ALOE
wgt = 1. / np.sum(np.multiply(cns_vlt, np.multiply(alph, 1. / x_alph)))
# the KL divergence's gradient
grad = [
-p_up * wgt * norm.pdf(x_smp[k])[0] * cns_vlt[k] / prbs[k]
for k in range(len(x_smp))
]
grad = np.array(grad)
### The gradient is high -- signal about emergency as it can zero out all weights
if (la.norm(eta * grad) > 1e4):
print(
"\n############## Extremely high gradient ############\n"
)
print("Iteration: ", i, "\nGradient:", grad)
### make a ``simplex MD'' update
alph = [
math.exp(-eta * grad[k]) * alph[k] for k in range(0, len(x_smp))
]
### enter if some coordinates are too small and may cause numerical instability
### increase the corresponding weigths
if (np.min(alph) < eps):
print("########### some coordinates are small #################")
alph = [alph[k] + eps for k in range(0, len(x_bn))]
### make a projection to the unit simplex
alph = alph / np.sum(alph)
### adjust contribution to the errors
kl_exp = kl_exp + wgt
kl_var = kl_var + p_up * np.dot(grad.T, grad) * wgt
alph_KL = alph
print("Optimal weigths of MD-KL minimization: ", alph_KL)
print("Optimal weigths of ALOE", x_alph)
### normalize errors
kl_exp = p_up * kl_exp / nsmp + prb_rmd
kl_std = p_up * math.sqrt(kl_var) / nsmp
print("MD-KL (exp, std)", (kl_exp, kl_std))
#print("assert normalization:", np.sum(alph), np.sum(x_alph))
############## Output all probabilities ##################
print("the union bound (up):", p_up)
print("the max bound (lower):", p_dwn)
print("MC(exp, std):", mc_exp, mc_std)
print("ALOE(exp, std)", aloe_exp, aloe_std)
print("MD-Var(exp, var)", md_exp, md_std)
print("MD-KL(exp, var)", kl_exp, kl_std)
violation_dict["MD-Var"] = (md_exp, md_std)
violation_dict["MD-KL"] = (kl_exp, kl_std)
violation_dict["ALOE"] = (aloe_exp, aloe_std)
violation_dict["MD-Var-W"] = [float(a) for a in alph]
violation_dict["MD-KL-W"] = [float(a) for a in alph_KL]
violation_dict["ALOE-W"] = [float(a) for a in x_alph]
with open(name + ".json", 'w+') as fp:
json.dump(violation_dict, fp)
def runpf(self, is_dc=False):
"""
.. warning:: /!\\\\ Internal, do not use unless you know what you are doing /!\\\\
Run a power flow on the underlying _grid. This implements an optimization of the powerflow
computation: if the number of
buses has not changed between two calls, the previous results are re used. This speeds up the computation
in case of "do nothing" action applied.
"""
conv = True
nb_bus = self.get_nb_active_bus()
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# remove the warning if _grid non connex. And it that case load flow as not converged
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=scipy.sparse.linalg.MatrixRankWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
if self._nb_bus_before is None:
self._pf_init = "dc"
elif nb_bus == self._nb_bus_before:
self._pf_init = "results"
else:
self._pf_init = "auto"
if np.any(~self._grid.load["in_service"]):
# TODO see if there is a better way here -> do not handle this here, but rather in Backend._next_grid_state
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged("Isolated load")
if np.any(~self._grid.gen["in_service"]):
# TODO see if there is a better way here -> do not handle this here, but rather in Backend._next_grid_state
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged("Isolated gen")
if is_dc:
pp.rundcpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
self._nb_bus_before = None # if dc i start normally next time i call an ac powerflow
else:
pp.runpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False, init=self._pf_init, numba=numba_)
if "_ppc" in self._grid:
if "et" in self._grid["_ppc"]:
self.comp_time += self._grid["_ppc"]["et"]
if self._grid.res_gen.isnull().values.any():
# TODO see if there is a better way here -> do not handle this here, but rather in Backend._next_grid_state
# sometimes pandapower does not detect divergence and put Nan.
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged("Isolated gen")
self.prod_p[:], self.prod_q[:], self.prod_v[:] = self._gens_info()
self.load_p[:], self.load_q[:], self.load_v[:] = self._loads_info()
if not is_dc:
if not np.all(np.isfinite(self.load_v)):
# TODO see if there is a better way here
# some loads are disconnected: it's a game over case!
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged("Isolated load")
else:
# fix voltages magnitude that are always "nan" for dc case
# self._grid.res_bus["vm_pu"] is always nan when computed in DC
self.load_v[:] = self.load_pu_to_kv # TODO
# need to assign the correct value when a generator is present at the same bus
# TODO optimize this ugly loop
for l_id in range(self.n_load):
if self.load_to_subid[l_id] in self.gen_to_subid:
ind_gens = np.where(self.gen_to_subid == self.load_to_subid[l_id])[0]
for g_id in ind_gens:
if self._topo_vect[self.load_pos_topo_vect[l_id]] == self._topo_vect[self.load_pos_topo_vect[g_id]]:
self.load_v[l_id] = self.prod_v[g_id]
break
self.line_status[:] = self._get_line_status()
# I retrieve the data once for the flows, so has to not re read multiple dataFrame
self.p_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("p_from_mw", "p_hv_mw")
self.q_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("q_from_mvar", "q_hv_mvar")
self.v_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_from_pu", "vm_hv_pu")
self.a_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("i_from_ka", "i_hv_ka") * 1000
self.a_or[~np.isfinite(self.a_or)] = 0.
self.v_or[~np.isfinite(self.v_or)] = 0.
self.p_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("p_to_mw", "p_lv_mw")
self.q_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("q_to_mvar", "q_lv_mvar")
self.v_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_to_pu", "vm_lv_pu")
self.a_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("i_to_ka", "i_lv_ka") * 1000
self.a_ex[~np.isfinite(self.a_ex)] = 0.
self.v_ex[~np.isfinite(self.v_ex)] = 0.
# it seems that pandapower does not take into account disconencted powerline for their voltage
self.v_or[~self.line_status] = 0.
self.v_ex[~self.line_status] = 0.
self.v_or[:] *= self.lines_or_pu_to_kv
self.v_ex[:] *= self.lines_ex_pu_to_kv
self._nb_bus_before = None
self._grid._ppc["gen"][self._iref_slack, 1] = 0.
self._topo_vect[:] = self._get_topo_vect()
return self._grid.converged
except pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged as exc_:
# of the powerflow has not converged, results are Nan
self.p_or[:] = np.NaN
self.q_or[:] = np.NaN
self.v_or[:] = np.NaN
self.a_or[:] = np.NaN
self.p_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.q_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.v_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.a_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_p[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_q[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_v[:] = np.NaN
self.load_p[:] = np.NaN
self.load_q[:] = np.NaN
self.load_v[:] = np.NaN
self._nb_bus_before = None
return False
def run_ref_pf(self, net):
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
pp.rundcpp(net, init="flat")
def runpf(self, is_dc=False):
"""
Run a power flow on the underlying _grid. This implements an optimization of the powerflow
computation: if the number of
buses has not changed between two calls, the previous results are re used. This speeds up the computation
in case of "do nothing" action applied.
"""
conv = True
nb_bus = self.get_nb_active_bus()
try:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
# remove the warning if _grid non connex. And it that case load flow as not converged
warnings.filterwarnings(
"ignore", category=scipy.sparse.linalg.MatrixRankWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=RuntimeWarning)
if self._nb_bus_before is None:
self._pf_init = "dc"
elif nb_bus == self._nb_bus_before:
self._pf_init = "results"
else:
self._pf_init = "auto"
if is_dc:
pp.rundcpp(self._grid, check_connectivity=False)
self._nb_bus_before = None # if dc i start normally next time i call an ac powerflow
else:
pp.runpp(self._grid,
check_connectivity=False,
init=self._pf_init,
numba=numba_)
if self._grid.res_gen.isnull().values.any():
# TODO see if there is a better way here -> do not handle this here, but rather in Backend._next_grid_state
# sometimes pandapower does not detect divergence and put Nan.
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged("Isolated gen")
self.load_p[:], self.load_q[:], self.load_v[:] = self._loads_info(
)
if not is_dc:
if not np.all(np.isfinite(self.load_v)):
# TODO see if there is a better way here
# some loads are disconnected: it's a game over case!
raise pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged(
"Isolated load")
self.line_status[:] = self._get_line_status()
# I retrieve the data once for the flows, so has to not re read multiple dataFrame
self.p_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("p_from_mw", "p_hv_mw")
self.q_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("q_from_mvar",
"q_hv_mvar")
self.v_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_from_pu",
"vm_hv_pu")
self.a_or[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("i_from_ka",
"i_hv_ka") * 1000
self.a_or[~np.isfinite(self.a_or)] = 0.
self.v_or[~np.isfinite(self.v_or)] = 0.
# it seems that pandapower does not take into account disconencted powerline for their voltage
self.v_or[~self.line_status] = 0.
self.v_ex[~self.line_status] = 0.
self.p_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("p_to_mw", "p_lv_mw")
self.q_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("q_to_mvar",
"q_lv_mvar")
self.v_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("vm_to_pu", "vm_lv_pu")
self.a_ex[:] = self._aux_get_line_info("i_to_ka",
"i_lv_ka") * 1000
self.a_ex[~np.isfinite(self.a_ex)] = 0.
self.v_ex[~np.isfinite(self.v_ex)] = 0.
self.v_or[:] *= self.lines_or_pu_to_kv
self.v_ex[:] *= self.lines_ex_pu_to_kv
self.prod_p[:], self.prod_q[:], self.prod_v[:] = self._gens_info(
)
self._nb_bus_before = None
self._grid._ppc["gen"][self._iref_slack, 1] = 0.
self._topo_vect[:] = self._get_topo_vect()
return self._grid.converged
except pp.powerflow.LoadflowNotConverged as exc_:
# of the powerflow has not converged, results are Nan
self.p_or[:] = np.NaN
self.q_or[:] = np.NaN
self.v_or[:] = np.NaN
self.a_or[:] = np.NaN
self.p_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.q_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.v_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.a_ex[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_p[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_q[:] = np.NaN
self.prod_v[:] = np.NaN
self.load_p[:] = np.NaN
self.load_q[:] = np.NaN
self.load_v[:] = np.NaN
self._nb_bus_before = None
return False