def test_isclose_rel_tol():
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', 1)
b = qo.QubitOperator('X0', 2)
assert a.isclose(b, rel_tol=2.5, abs_tol=0.1)
# Test symmetry
assert a.isclose(b, rel_tol=1, abs_tol=0.1)
assert b.isclose(a, rel_tol=1, abs_tol=0.1)
def test_imul_qubit_op_2():
op3 = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (0, 'X')), -1j)
op4 = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (0, 'X'), (2, 'Z')), -1.5)
op3 *= op4
op4 *= op3
assert ((2, 'Z'), ) in op3.terms
assert op3.terms[((2, 'Z'), )] == 1.5j
def test_or_one_qubit():
saving_backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
eng = MainEngine(backend=saving_backend, engine_list=[])
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3)
eng.flush()
identity = qo.QubitOperator("", 1j)
x = qo.QubitOperator("X1", cmath.exp(0.5j))
y = qo.QubitOperator("Y2", cmath.exp(0.6j))
z = qo.QubitOperator("Z0", cmath.exp(4.5j))
identity | qureg
eng.flush()
x | qureg
eng.flush()
y | qureg
eng.flush()
z | qureg
eng.flush()
assert saving_backend.received_commands[4].gate == Ph(math.pi / 2.)
assert saving_backend.received_commands[6].gate == X
assert saving_backend.received_commands[6].qubits == ([qureg[1]], )
assert saving_backend.received_commands[7].gate == Ph(0.5)
assert saving_backend.received_commands[7].qubits == ([qureg[1]], )
assert saving_backend.received_commands[9].gate == Y
assert saving_backend.received_commands[9].qubits == ([qureg[2]], )
assert saving_backend.received_commands[10].gate == Ph(0.6)
assert saving_backend.received_commands[10].qubits == ([qureg[2]], )
assert saving_backend.received_commands[12].gate == Z
assert saving_backend.received_commands[12].qubits == ([qureg[0]], )
assert saving_backend.received_commands[13].gate == Ph(4.5)
assert saving_backend.received_commands[13].qubits == ([qureg[0]], )
def test_isclose_different_terms():
a = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), ), -0.1j)
b = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), ), -0.1j)
assert a.isclose(b, rel_tol=1e-12, abs_tol=0.2)
assert not a.isclose(b, rel_tol=1e-12, abs_tol=0.05)
assert b.isclose(a, rel_tol=1e-12, abs_tol=0.2)
assert not b.isclose(a, rel_tol=1e-12, abs_tol=0.05)
def test_compress():
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', .9e-12)
assert len(a.terms) == 1
a.compress()
assert len(a.terms) == 0
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', 1. + 1j)
a.compress(.5)
assert len(a.terms) == 1
for term in a.terms:
assert a.terms[term] == 1. + 1j
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', 1.1 + 1j)
a.compress(1.)
assert len(a.terms) == 1
for term in a.terms:
assert a.terms[term] == 1.1
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', 1.1 + 1j) + qo.QubitOperator('X1', 1.e-6j)
a.compress()
assert len(a.terms) == 2
for term in a.terms:
assert isinstance(a.terms[term], complex)
a.compress(1.e-5)
assert len(a.terms) == 1
for term in a.terms:
assert isinstance(a.terms[term], complex)
a.compress(1.)
assert len(a.terms) == 1
for term in a.terms:
assert isinstance(a.terms[term], float)
def test_neg():
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
-op
# out of place
assert op.isclose(qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5))
correct = -1.0 * op
assert correct.isclose(-op)
def test_str_multiple_terms():
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op += qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.6)
assert (str(op) == "0.5 X1 Y3 Z8 +\n0.6 Y1 Y3 Z8"
or str(op) == "0.6 Y1 Y3 Z8 +\n0.5 X1 Y3 Z8")
op2 = qo.QubitOperator((), 2)
assert str(op2) == "2 I"
def test_imul_qubit_op():
op1 = qo.QubitOperator(((0, 'Y'), (3, 'X'), (8, 'Z'), (11, 'X')), 3.j)
op2 = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op1 *= op2
correct_coefficient = 1.j * 3.0j * 0.5
correct_term = ((0, 'Y'), (1, 'X'), (3, 'Z'), (11, 'X'))
assert len(op1.terms) == 1
assert correct_term in op1.terms
def test_mul_multiple_terms():
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op += qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Z'), (3, 'X'), (8, 'Z')), 1.2)
op += qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Z'), (3, 'Y'), (9, 'Z')), 1.4j)
res = op * op
correct = qo.QubitOperator((), 0.5**2 + 1.2**2 + 1.4j**2)
correct += qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (3, 'Z')), 2j * 1j * 0.5 * 1.2)
assert res.isclose(correct)
def test_imul_bidir():
op_a = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (0, 'X')), -1j)
op_b = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Y'), (0, 'X'), (2, 'Z')), -1.5)
op_a *= op_b
op_b *= op_a
assert ((2, 'Z'), ) in op_a.terms
assert op_a.terms[((2, 'Z'), )] == 1.5j
assert ((0, 'X'), (1, 'Y')) in op_b.terms
assert op_b.terms[((0, 'X'), (1, 'Y'))] == -2.25j
def test_get_inverse():
qo0 = qo.QubitOperator("X1 Z2", cmath.exp(0.6j))
qo1 = qo.QubitOperator("", 1j)
assert qo0.get_inverse().isclose(
qo.QubitOperator("X1 Z2", cmath.exp(-0.6j)))
assert qo1.get_inverse().isclose(qo.QubitOperator("", -1j))
qo0 += qo1
with pytest.raises(NotInvertible):
qo0.get_inverse()
def test_mul_out_of_place():
op1 = qo.QubitOperator(((0, 'Y'), (3, 'X'), (8, 'Z'), (11, 'X')), 3.j)
op2 = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op3 = op1 * op2
correct_coefficient = 1.j * 3.0j * 0.5
correct_term = ((0, 'Y'), (1, 'X'), (3, 'Z'), (11, 'X'))
assert op1.isclose(
qo.QubitOperator(((0, 'Y'), (3, 'X'), (8, 'Z'), (11, 'X')), 3.j))
assert op2.isclose(qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5))
assert op3.isclose(qo.QubitOperator(correct_term, correct_coefficient))
def test_rescaling_of_indices():
saving_backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
eng = MainEngine(backend=saving_backend, engine_list=[])
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(4)
eng.flush()
op = qo.QubitOperator("X0 Y1 Z3", 1j)
op | qureg
eng.flush()
assert saving_backend.received_commands[5].gate.isclose(
qo.QubitOperator("X0 Y1 Z2", 1j))
# test that gate creates a new QubitOperator
assert op.isclose(qo.QubitOperator("X0 Y1 Z3", 1j))
def test_add():
term_a = ((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
term_b = ((1, 'Z'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
a = qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
b = qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
res = a + b + b
assert len(res.terms) == 2
assert res.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert res.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(1.0)
# Test out of place
assert a.isclose(qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0))
assert b.isclose(qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5))
def test_iadd_different_term():
term_a = ((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
term_b = ((1, 'Z'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
a = qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
a += qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
assert len(a.terms) == 2
assert a.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert a.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(0.5)
a += qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
assert len(a.terms) == 2
assert a.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert a.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(1.0)
def test_get_merged():
qo0 = qo.QubitOperator("X1 Z2", 1j)
qo1 = qo.QubitOperator("Y3", 1j)
assert qo0.isclose(qo.QubitOperator("X1 Z2", 1j))
assert qo1.isclose(qo.QubitOperator("Y3", 1j))
assert qo0.get_merged(qo1).isclose(qo.QubitOperator("X1 Z2 Y3", -1))
with pytest.raises(NotMergeable):
qo1.get_merged(T)
qo2 = qo0 + qo1
with pytest.raises(NotMergeable):
qo2.get_merged(qo0)
with pytest.raises(NotMergeable):
qo0.get_merged(qo2)
def test_sub():
term_a = ((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
term_b = ((1, 'Z'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
a = qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
b = qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
res = a - b
assert len(res.terms) == 2
assert res.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert res.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(-0.5)
res2 = b - a
assert len(res2.terms) == 2
assert res2.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(-1.0)
assert res2.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(0.5)
def test_wrong_input():
eng = MainEngine()
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(3)
op0 = qo.QubitOperator("X1", 0.99)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
op0 | qureg
op1 = qo.QubitOperator("X2", 1)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
op1 | qureg[1]
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
op0 | (qureg[1], qureg[2])
op2 = op0 + op1
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
op2 | qureg
def test_isub_different_term():
term_a = ((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
term_b = ((1, 'Z'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z'))
a = qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
a -= qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
assert len(a.terms) == 2
assert a.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert a.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(-0.5)
a -= qo.QubitOperator(term_b, 0.5)
assert len(a.terms) == 2
assert a.terms[term_a] == pytest.approx(1.0)
assert a.terms[term_b] == pytest.approx(-1.0)
b = qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
b -= qo.QubitOperator(term_a, 1.0)
assert b.terms == {}
def test_itruediv_and_idiv(divisor):
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
original = copy.deepcopy(op)
correct = op * (1.0 / divisor)
op /= divisor
assert op.isclose(correct)
# Test if done in-place
assert not op.isclose(original)
def test_truediv_and_div(divisor):
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
original = copy.deepcopy(op)
res = op / divisor
correct = op * (1.0 / divisor)
assert res.isclose(correct)
# Test if done out of place
assert op.isclose(original)
def test_itruediv_and_idiv(divisor):
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op2 = copy.deepcopy(op)
original = copy.deepcopy(op)
correct = op * (1. / divisor)
op /= divisor
op2.__idiv__(divisor) # To test python 2 version as well
assert op.isclose(correct)
assert op2.isclose(correct)
# Test if done in-place
assert not op.isclose(original)
assert not op2.isclose(original)
def test_truediv_and_div(divisor):
op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'X'), (3, 'Y'), (8, 'Z')), 0.5)
op2 = copy.deepcopy(op)
original = copy.deepcopy(op)
res = op / divisor
res2 = op2.__div__(divisor) # To test python 2 version as well
correct = op * (1. / divisor)
assert res.isclose(correct)
assert res2.isclose(correct)
# Test if done out of place
assert op.isclose(original)
assert op2.isclose(original)
def test_isclose_abs_tol():
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.)
b = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.05)
c = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.11)
assert a.isclose(b, rel_tol=1e-14, abs_tol=0.1)
assert not a.isclose(c, rel_tol=1e-14, abs_tol=0.1)
a = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.0j)
b = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.05j)
c = qo.QubitOperator('X0', -1.11j)
assert a.isclose(b, rel_tol=1e-14, abs_tol=0.1)
assert not a.isclose(c, rel_tol=1e-14, abs_tol=0.1)
def test_init_bad_action_in_tuple():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator(((1, 'Q'), ))
def test_init_bad_action():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator('Q0')
def test_init_bad_coefficient():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator('X0', "0.5")
def test_init_bad_term():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator(list())
def test_init_str_identity():
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator('', 2.)
assert len(qubit_op.terms) == 1
assert () in qubit_op.terms
assert qubit_op.terms[()] == pytest.approx(2.)
def test_init_str():
qubit_op = qo.QubitOperator('X0 Y5 Z12', -1.)
correct = ((0, 'X'), (5, 'Y'), (12, 'Z'))
assert correct in qubit_op.terms
assert qubit_op.terms[correct] == -1.0