def start_trace(cmd):
new_pid = createChild(cmd, no_stdout=False)
debugger = PtraceDebugger()
debugger.traceFork()
debugger.traceExec()
debugger.addProcess(new_pid, is_attached=True)
return debugger
class ProcessDebugger (object):
def __init__(self, pid):
self.debugger = PtraceDebugger ()
self.process = self.debugger.addProcess (int (pid), False)
self.addrs = list ()
# TODO: Search's address in process memory by value.
def search_addr_by_value (self, value):
for i in self.process.readMappings():
# F**k, this is invalid bin :(
if i.pathname in ['[vsyscall]', '[vdso]']:
continue
try:
for j in i.search (value):
self.addrs.append (j)
except:
pass
return self.addrs
# TODO: Convert's boolean value to binary.
def search_boolean_value (self, value):
return self.search_addr_by_value (struct.pack (data.BIT_ENDOF + '?', value))
# TODO: Convert's integer value to binary.
def search_integer_value (self, value):
return self.search_addr_by_value(struct.pack(data.BIT_ENDOF + 'i', value))
class AndroPreDump(object):
def __init__(self, input) :
self.data = []
self.pid = int(input)
self.debugger = PtraceDebugger()
self.process = self.debugger.addProcess(self.pid, is_attached=False)
atexit.register(self.debugger.quit)
Header = False
Code = False
self.procmaps = readProcessMappings(self.process)
for pm in self.procmaps:
if pm.permissions.find("w") != -1 and pm.pathname == None :
# if Code == False and Header == True :
# data = self.process.readBytes(pm.start, pm.end-pm.start)
# idx = data.find("SourceFile")
# if idx != -1 :
# print "CODE", pm
# self.data.append( (pm, data, idx) )
# Code = True
if Header == False :
data = self.process.readBytes(pm.start, pm.end-pm.start)
idx = data.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
if idx != -1 :
print "HEADER", pm
self.data.append( (pm, data) )
Header = True
self.dumpMemory( "java_dump_memory" )
# self.dumpFiles( "java_files" )
def write(self, idx, buff) :
self.process.writeBytes( idx, buff )
def getFilesBuffer(self) :
for i in self.data :
d = i[1]
x = d.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
idx = x
while x != -1 :
yield i[0].start + idx, d[x:]
d = d[x+len(MAGIC_PATTERN):]
idx += len(MAGIC_PATTERN)
x = d.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
idx += x
def dumpMemory(self, base_filename) :
for i in self.data :
with open(base_filename + "-" + "0x%x-0x%x" % (i[0].start, i[0].end), "w") as fd:
fd.write( i[1] )
def dumpFiles(self, base_filename) :
for i in self.data :
with fd = open(base_filename + "-" + "0x%x-0x%x" % (i[0].start + i[2], i[0].end), "w") as fd:
fd.write( i[1][i[2]:] )
def SetupTarget():
### Let step up our debugger, fork our target
### and attach the debugger to the target
dbg = PtraceDebugger()
print("Forking the target...")
pid = createChild(target.targetArgs, no_stdout=True)
print("Attaching to the target process %d" % pid)
process = dbg.addProcess(pid, True)
return process
def do_dump (process, maxmem):
print_process (process, "===")
# Attach to the process
debugger = PtraceDebugger()
try:
d_process = debugger.addProcess(process['pid'], False)
except:
print("Error attaching to the process pid {0}. Aborting".format(process['pid']))
sys.exit(1)
d_process.was_attached = True
procmaps = readProcessMappings(d_process)
# Look for process heap region
for pm in procmaps:
if pm.pathname == None:
mem_start=pm.start
mem_end=pm.end
mem_total=mem_end-mem_start
if maxmem > 0 and mem_total > maxmem :
print("Process memory is {0} but you defined maxmem to {1}".format(mem_total, maxmem))
return False
# Use StringIO to work only in memory. This can be dangerous, because "heap" can be big.
the_mem = StringIO.StringIO()
# Transfer process heap memory to the_mem var.
the_mem.write(d_process.readBytes(mem_start, mem_total))
# We have what we were looking for. Let's detach the process.
d_process.detach()
# Start search
request_end=0
found=False
while True:
hdr_pos=fnd(the_mem, process['request'], request_end)
if hdr_pos==-1: # EOF
break
request_pos=hdr_pos # This is the start of the possible match
request_end=fnd(the_mem, "\x00", request_pos) # This is the end of the possible match
# If we find double new line then this should be a valid request and data block.
if fnd(the_mem,"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a", request_pos) < request_end:
found=True
# If valid, print it!
print get_fragment(the_mem, request_pos, request_end)
# Prepare to continue searching
the_mem.seek(request_end+1)
the_mem.close()
if found:
break
def main():
global options
options = get_options()
dbg = PtraceDebugger()
pid = int(subprocess.check_output(['pidof', "typespeed"]))
process = dbg.addProcess(pid, False)
process.syscall()
while True:
event = dbg.waitSyscall()
process = event.process
op_syscall(process)
dbg.quit()
def main():
global options
options = get_options()
dbg = PtraceDebugger()
pid = int(subprocess.check_output(['pidof', "typespeed"]))
process = dbg.addProcess(pid, False)
process.syscall()
while True:
event = dbg.waitSyscall()
process = event.process
op_syscall(process)
dbg.quit()
def debugFindRtld(pid):
dbg = PtraceDebugger()
process = dbg.addProcess(pid, False)
for pm in readProcessMappings(process):
if 'rwx' in pm.permissions:
for addr in pm.search(b'\x78\x56\x34\x12'):
# There are no ret instructions in the CC
memory = process.readBytes(addr, 20)
if b'\xC3' not in memory:
process = None
dbg.quit()
return addr
print('ERROR: Could not find the address of rtld_lock_default_lock_recursive in code cache!')
exit(-1)
class TracingThread(Thread):
"""
tracing thread that can be cancelled
"""
def __init__(self,
manager,
pid,
record,
old_debugger=None,
is_thread=False):
"""
Create a new tracing thread
:param manager: overall tracing management instance
:param pid: Process to trace
:param record: Action recording instance
:param old_debugger: Old debugger the process might be attached to at the moment
:param is_thread: True if the pid is a thread else False
"""
super().__init__()
self.manager = manager
# Save tracing record
self.record = record
self.record.runtime_log(RuntimeActionRecord.TYPE_STARTED)
self._debugger_options = FunctionCallOptions(replace_socketcall=False)
self.is_thread = is_thread
self.process = psutil.Process(pid)
self.debugger = None
self.traced_item = None
self.stopped = False
# Check if the process is attached to the debugger
if old_debugger is not None and old_debugger.dict.get(
self.process.pid):
old_debugger.dict.get(self.process.pid).detach()
posix.kill(self.process.pid, signal.SIGSTOP)
def stop(self):
"""
Mark this thread to stop tracing
:return: None
"""
self.stopped = True
def run(self):
"""
Trace the given process or thread for one syscall
"""
finished = False
self.record.log("Attaching debugger")
try:
self.debugger = PtraceDebugger()
self.debugger.traceFork()
self.debugger.traceExec()
self.debugger.traceClone()
self.traced_item = self.debugger.addProcess(
self.process.pid, False, is_thread=self.is_thread)
self.record.log("PTrace debugger attached successfully")
TracingThread._trace_continue(self.traced_item)
except Exception as e:
self.record.log(
"PTrace debugger attachment failed with reason: {}".format(e))
finished = True
# Trace process until finished
while not finished and not self.stopped:
finished = self._trace(self.traced_item, self.record)
if self.traced_item:
self.traced_item.detach()
# Keep in mind that the process maybe already gone
try:
if self.process.status() == psutil.STATUS_STOPPED:
posix.kill(self.process.pid, signal.SIGCONT)
except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
pass
self.record.log("Tracee appears to have ended and thread will finish")
def _trace(self, traced_item, record):
"""
Trace the given process or thread for one syscall
:param traced_item: Process or thread to trace
:param record: Action recording object
:return: True if the item was terminated else False
"""
finished = False
continue_tracing = True
signum = 0
try:
# Wait for the next syscall
event = traced_item.debugger.waitSyscall(traced_item)
if not event:
return False
# Fetch the syscall state
if self.manager.is_syscall_tracing_enabled(
) or self.manager.is_file_access_tracing_enabled():
state = traced_item.syscall_state
syscall = state.event(self._debugger_options)
# Trace the syscall in the process record if it is not filtered out
if self.manager.should_record_syscall(syscall):
record.syscall_log(syscall)
# Trace file access if the syscall is a file access syscall and not filtered out
if self.manager.should_record_file_access(syscall):
record.file_access_log(syscall)
except NewProcessEvent as event:
# Trace new process and continue parent
self._trace_new_item(event, record)
continue_tracing = False
except ProcessExecution:
record.runtime_log(RuntimeActionRecord.TYPE_EXEC)
except ProcessExit as event:
# Finish process tracing
TracingThread._trace_finish(event, record)
finished = True
continue_tracing = False
except ProcessSignal as event:
record.runtime_log(RuntimeActionRecord.TYPE_SIGNAL_RECEIVED,
signal=event.signum)
signum = event.signum
# Continue process execution
if continue_tracing:
TracingThread._trace_continue(traced_item, signum)
return finished
@staticmethod
def _trace_continue(traced_item, signum=0):
"""
Move the process/thread to the next execution step / syscall
:param traced_item: Process or thread to proceed
:param signum: Signal to emit to the traced item
:return: None
"""
traced_item.syscall(signum)
@staticmethod
def _trace_finish(event, record):
"""
Handle process or thread completion
Determine exit code and termination signal and return them
:param event: ProcessExit event that was raised
:param record: Action recording object
:return: None
"""
process = event.process
record.runtime_log(RuntimeActionRecord.TYPE_EXITED,
signal=event.signum,
exit_code=event.exitcode)
# Detach from tracing
process.detach()
def _trace_new_item(self, event, record):
"""
Setup tracing the given new process or thread
:param event: new process/thread event
:param record: Action recording object
:return: None
"""
parent = event.process.parent
process = event.process
record.runtime_log(RuntimeActionRecord.TYPE_SPAWN_CHILD,
child_pid=process.pid)
TracingThread._trace_continue(parent)
# Start new tracing thread for the new process
if not self.stopped:
self.manager.trace_create_thread(process.pid, process.debugger,
process.is_thread)
else:
TracingThread._trace_continue(process)
class SSHKeyExtractor(object):
def __init__(self, pid):
self.dbg = PtraceDebugger()
self.pid = pid
self.proc = psutil.Process(pid)
self.network_connections = self.proc.connections()
self.dbg_proc = None
self.heap_map_info = None
self.mem_maps = None
def __repr__(self):
return "<SSHKeyExtractor: {}>".format(self.pid)
def _get_mem_maps(self):
mem_map = open("/proc/{}/maps".format(self.pid)).read()
for line in mem_map.splitlines():
regex = r"(\w+)-(\w+)\ ([\w\-]+) (\w+) ([\w\:]+) (\w+) +(.*)"
match = re.search(regex, line)
yield MemoryRegion(match.groups())
def _get_heap_map_info(self):
#print repr(self.mem_maps)
for mem_map in self.mem_maps:
if mem_map.path == "[heap]":
return mem_map
return None
def is_valid_ptr(self, ptr, allow_nullptr=True, heap_only=True):
if (ptr == 0 or ptr is None):
if allow_nullptr:
return True
else:
return False
if heap_only:
return ptr >= self.heap_map_info.start and ptr < self.heap_map_info.end
for mem_map in self.mem_maps:
valid = ptr >= mem_map.start and ptr < mem_map.end
if valid:
return True
return False
def lookup_enc(self, name):
return OPENSSH_ENC_ALGS_LOOKUP.get(name, None)
def read_string(self, ptr, length):
val = self.dbg_proc.readCString(ptr, length)
if val:
return val[0].decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")
return None
def probe_sshenc_block(self, ptr, sshenc_size):
"""
char *name ; 0x808e8a4 -> "*****@*****.**"
Cipher *cipher; 0x808e6d0 Cipher{name=0x80989e4 -> "*****@*****.**"}
int enabled; 0
u_int key_len; 8-64
*u_int iv_len; 12
u_int block_size; 8-16
u_char *key; 0x80989e4 -> "6e4a242303346ecd60209e41b03c438b"
u_char *iv; 0x8088f4e -> "7e59454fbe2247d52d29bd373c3f53ae"
"""
mem = self.dbg_proc.readBytes(ptr, sshenc_size)
enc = sshenc_62p1.from_buffer_copy(mem)
sshenc_name = self.is_valid_ptr(enc.name, allow_nullptr=False)
sshenc_cipher = self.is_valid_ptr(enc.cipher, allow_nullptr=False, heap_only=False)
if not (sshenc_name and sshenc_cipher):
return None
name_str = self.read_string(enc.name, 64)
enc_properties = self.lookup_enc(name_str)
#print(repr(name_str), enc_properties)
if not enc_properties:
return None
expected_key_len = enc_properties[2]
key_len_valid = expected_key_len == enc.key_len
if not key_len_valid:
return None
cipher = self.dbg_proc.readStruct(enc.cipher, sshcipher)
cipher_name_valid = self.is_valid_ptr(cipher.name, allow_nullptr=False, heap_only=False)
if not cipher_name_valid:
return None
cipher_name = self.read_string(cipher.name, 64)
if cipher_name != name_str:
return None
#print(cipher_name)
#At this point we know pretty certain this is the sshenc struct. Let's figure out which version...
expected_block_size = enc_properties[1]
block_size_valid = expected_block_size == enc.block_size
if not block_size_valid:
enc = sshenc_61p1.from_buffer_copy(mem)
block_size_valid = expected_block_size == enc.block_size
if not block_size_valid:
# !@#$ we can't seem to properly align the structure
return None
sshenc_key = self.is_valid_ptr(enc.key, allow_nullptr=False)
sshenc_iv = self.is_valid_ptr(enc.iv, allow_nullptr=False)
if sshenc_iv and sshenc_key:
return enc
return None
def construct_scraped_key(self, ptr, enc):
key = ScrapedKey(self.pid, self.proc.name(), enc, ptr)
key.network_connections = self.network_connections
key.cipher_name = self.read_string(enc.name, 64)
key_raw = self.dbg_proc.readBytes(enc.key, enc.key_len)
key.key = key_raw.hex()
if isinstance(enc, sshenc_61p1):
iv_len = enc.block_size
else:
iv_len = enc.iv_len
iv_raw = self.dbg_proc.readBytes(enc.iv, iv_len)
key.iv = iv_raw.hex()
return key
def align_size(self, size, multiple):
add = multiple - (size % multiple)
return size + add
def extract(self, known_addr=None):
known_addr = known_addr or []
ret = []
self.dbg_proc = self.dbg.addProcess(self.pid, False)
self.dbg_proc.cont()
self.mem_maps = list(self._get_mem_maps())
self.heap_map_info = self._get_heap_map_info()
ptr = self.heap_map_info.start
sshenc_size = max(sizeof(sshenc_61p1), sizeof(sshenc_62p1))
while ptr + sshenc_size < self.heap_map_info.end:
if ptr in known_addr:
sshenc_aligned_size = self.align_size(sshenc_size, 4)
ptr += sshenc_aligned_size
#print 'skip 0x{:x}, {}'.format(ptr, sshenc_aligned_size)
continue
sshenc = self.probe_sshenc_block(ptr, sshenc_size)
if sshenc:
key = self.construct_scraped_key(ptr, sshenc)
ret.append(key)
ptr += 4
return ret
def cleanup(self):
if self.dbg_proc:
from signal import SIGTRAP, SIGSTOP, SIGKILL
if self.dbg_proc.read_mem_file:
self.dbg_proc.read_mem_file.close()
self.dbg_proc.kill(SIGSTOP)
self.dbg_proc.waitSignals(SIGTRAP, SIGSTOP)
self.dbg_proc.detach()
if self.dbg:
self.dbg.deleteProcess(self.dbg_proc)
self.dbg.quit()
del self.dbg_proc
del self.dbg
self.proc = None
class PythonPtraceBackend(Backend):
def __init__(self):
self.debugger = PtraceDebugger()
self.root = None
self.stop_requested = False
self.syscalls = {}
self.backtracer = NullBacktracer()
self.debugger.traceClone()
self.debugger.traceExec()
self.debugger.traceFork()
def attach_process(self, pid):
self.root = self.debugger.addProcess(pid, is_attached=False)
def create_process(self, arguments):
pid = createChild(arguments, no_stdout=False)
self.root = self.debugger.addProcess(pid, is_attached=True)
return self.root
def get_argument(self, pid, num):
return self.syscalls[pid].arguments[num].value
def get_syscall_result(self, pid):
if self.syscalls[pid]:
return self.syscalls[pid].result
return None
def get_arguments_str(self, pid):
self.syscalls[pid].format()
return ", ".join([
"{}={}".format(i.name, i.text)
for i in self.syscalls[pid].arguments
])
def read_cstring(self, pid, address):
try:
return self.debugger[pid].readCString(address,
255)[0].decode('utf-8')
except PtraceError as e:
# TODO: ptrace's PREFORMAT_ARGUMENTS, why they are lost?
for arg in self.syscalls[pid].arguments:
if arg.value == address:
return arg.text
raise e
def read_bytes(self, pid, address, size):
return self.debugger[pid].readBytes(address, size)
def write_bytes(self, pid, address, data):
return self.debugger[pid].writeBytes(address, data)
def create_backtrace(self, pid):
return self.backtracer.create_backtrace(self.debugger[pid])
def start(self):
# First query to break at next syscall
self.root.syscall()
while not self.stop_requested and self.debugger:
try:
try:
# FIXME: better mechanism to stop debugger
# debugger._waitPid(..., blocking=False) may help
# actually debugger receives SIGTERM, terminates all remaining process
# then this method is unblocked and fails with KeyError
event = self.debugger.waitSyscall()
except:
if self.stop_requested:
return
raise
state = event.process.syscall_state
syscall = state.event(FunctionCallOptions())
self.syscalls[event.process.pid] = syscall
yield SyscallEvent(event.process.pid, syscall.name)
# FIXME:
# when exit_group is called, it seems that thread is still monitored
# in next event we area accessing pid that is not running anymore
# so when exit_group occurs, remove all processes with same Tgid and detach from them
if syscall.name == 'exit_group': # result is None, never return!
def read_group(pid):
with open('/proc/%d/status' % pid) as f:
return int({
i: j.strip()
for i, j in [
i.split(':', 1)
for i in f.read().splitlines()
]
}['Tgid'])
me = read_group(syscall.process.pid)
for process in self.debugger:
if read_group(process.pid) == me:
process.detach()
self.debugger.deleteProcess(pid=process.pid)
yield ProcessExited(process.pid,
syscall.arguments[0].value)
else:
event.process.syscall()
except ProcessExit as event:
# Display syscall which has not exited
state = event.process.syscall_state
if (state.next_event == "exit") and state.syscall:
# self.syscall(state.process) TODO:
pass
yield ProcessExited(event.process.pid, event.exitcode)
except ProcessSignal as event:
# event.display()
event.process.syscall(event.signum)
except NewProcessEvent as event:
process = event.process
logging.info("*** New process %s ***", process.pid)
yield ProcessCreated(pid=process.pid,
parent_pid=process.parent.pid,
is_thread=process.is_thread)
process.syscall()
process.parent.syscall()
except ProcessExecution as event:
logging.info("*** Process %s execution ***", event.process.pid)
event.process.syscall()
except DebuggerError:
if self.stop_requested:
return
raise
except PtraceError as e:
if e.errno == 3: # FIXME: same problem as exit_group above ?
logging.warning("Process dead?")
else:
raise
def quit(self):
self.stop_requested = True
self.debugger.quit()
class AndroPreDump:
def __init__(self, input):
self.data = []
self.pid = int(input)
self.debugger = PtraceDebugger()
self.process = self.debugger.addProcess(self.pid, is_attached=False)
atexit.register(self.debugger.quit)
Header = False
Code = False
self.procmaps = readProcessMappings(self.process)
for pm in self.procmaps:
if pm.permissions.find("w") != -1 and pm.pathname == None:
# if Code == False and Header == True :
# data = self.process.readBytes(pm.start, pm.end-pm.start)
# idx = data.find("SourceFile")
# if idx != -1 :
# print "CODE", pm
# self.data.append( (pm, data, idx) )
# Code = True
if Header == False:
data = self.process.readBytes(pm.start, pm.end - pm.start)
idx = data.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
if idx != -1:
print "HEADER", pm
self.data.append((pm, data))
Header = True
self.dumpMemory("java_dump_memory")
# self.dumpFiles( "java_files" )
def write(self, idx, buff):
self.process.writeBytes(idx, buff)
def getFilesBuffer(self):
for i in self.data:
d = i[1]
x = d.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
idx = x
while x != -1:
yield i[0].start + idx, d[x:]
d = d[x + len(MAGIC_PATTERN):]
idx += len(MAGIC_PATTERN)
x = d.find(MAGIC_PATTERN)
idx += x
def dumpMemory(self, base_filename):
for i in self.data:
fd = open(
base_filename + "-" + "0x%x-0x%x" % (i[0].start, i[0].end),
"w")
fd.write(i[1])
fd.close()
def dumpFiles(self, base_filename):
for i in self.data:
fd = open(
base_filename + "-" + "0x%x-0x%x" %
(i[0].start + i[2], i[0].end), "w")
fd.write(i[1][i[2]:])
fd.close()
