def _circuit_zxz(theta, phi, lam, phase, simplify=True, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
gphase = phase - (phi + lam) / 2
qr = QuantumRegister(1, "qr")
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr)
if not simplify:
atol = -1.0
if abs(theta) < atol:
tot = _mod_2pi(phi + lam)
if abs(tot) > atol:
circuit._append(RZGate(tot), [qr[0]], [])
gphase += tot / 2
circuit.global_phase = gphase
return circuit
if abs(theta - np.pi) < atol:
gphase += phi
lam, phi = lam - phi, 0
lam = _mod_2pi(lam, atol)
if abs(lam) > atol:
gphase += lam / 2
circuit._append(RZGate(lam), [qr[0]], [])
circuit._append(RXGate(theta), [qr[0]], [])
phi = _mod_2pi(phi, atol)
if abs(phi) > atol:
gphase += phi / 2
circuit._append(RZGate(phi), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase = gphase
return circuit
def specialize(self):
self.a = self.b = (self.a + self.b) / 2
k2ltheta, k2lphi, k2llambda, k2lphase = _oneq_zyz.angles_and_phase(self.K2l)
self.global_phase += k2lphase
self.K1r = self.K1r @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2lphi))
self.K1l = self.K1l @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2lphi))
self.K2l = np.asarray(RYGate(k2ltheta)) @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2llambda))
self.K2r = np.asarray(RZGate(-k2lphi)) @ self.K2r
def specialize(self):
self.a = self.b = np.pi / 4
k2ltheta, k2lphi, k2llambda, k2lphase = _oneq_zyz.angles_and_phase(self.K2l)
k2rtheta, k2rphi, k2rlambda, k2rphase = _oneq_zyz.angles_and_phase(self.K2r)
self.global_phase += k2lphase + k2rphase
self.K1r = self.K1r @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2lphi))
self.K1l = self.K1l @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2rphi))
self.K2l = np.asarray(RYGate(k2ltheta)) @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2llambda))
self.K2r = np.asarray(RYGate(k2rtheta)) @ np.asarray(RZGate(k2rlambda))
def _circuit_zxz(theta, phi, lam, phase, simplify=True, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1, global_phase=phase)
if simplify and np.isclose(theta, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RZGate(phi + lam), [0])
return circuit
if not simplify or not np.isclose(lam, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RZGate(lam), [0])
if not simplify or not np.isclose(theta, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RXGate(theta), [0])
if not simplify or not np.isclose(phi, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RZGate(phi), [0])
return circuit
def _circuit_zxz(theta, phi, lam, simplify=False, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
if simplify and np.isclose(theta, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(RZGate(phi + lam), [0])
return circuit
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
if not simplify or not np.isclose(lam, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RZGate(lam), [0])
if not simplify or not np.isclose(theta, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RXGate(theta), [0])
if not simplify or not np.isclose(phi, 0.0, atol=atol):
circuit.append(RZGate(phi), [0])
return circuit
def _circuit_zxz(theta, phi, lam, phase, simplify=True, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
qr = QuantumRegister(1, 'qr')
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr, global_phase=phase)
if simplify and math.isclose(theta, 0.0, abs_tol=atol):
circuit._append(RZGate(phi + lam), [qr[0]], [])
return circuit
if not simplify or not math.isclose(lam, 0.0, abs_tol=atol):
circuit._append(RZGate(lam), [qr[0]], [])
if not simplify or not math.isclose(theta, 0.0, abs_tol=atol):
circuit._append(RXGate(theta), [qr[0]], [])
if not simplify or not math.isclose(phi, 0.0, abs_tol=atol):
circuit._append(RZGate(phi), [qr[0]], [])
return circuit
def run(self, dag):
runs = dag.collect_runs([self.gate])
runs = _split_runs_on_parameters(runs)
for group in runs:
angle = sum([float(node.op.params[0]) for node in group])
angle = sign(angle) * (abs(angle) % (2 * pi))
# for angles multiple of 2*pi (numerically close),
# the gates act as an identity (up to a global phase).
if abs(angle) < self.eps:
dag.remove_op_node(group[0])
else:
if self.gate == 'rx':
new_op = RXGate(angle)
elif self.gate == 'rz':
new_op = RZGate(angle)
dag.substitute_node(group[0], new_op,
inplace=True)
for node in group[1:]:
dag.remove_op_node(node)
return dag
def narrowband_noise(time): """ Apply a single-frequency noise source """ f = 13.1 qr = QuantumRegister(1) qc = QuantumCircuit(qr, name='narrowband_noise') qc.append(RZGate(2 * np.pi * f * time), [qr[0]]) return qc
def _dag(angles, qubits, back=True):
""" Return a new DAGCircuit with a CZ gate and RZ gates applied (front or back). """
qarg = QuantumRegister(2)
dag = DAGCircuit()
dag.add_qreg(qarg)
cz_node = dag.apply_operation_back(CZGate(),
[qarg[0], qarg[1]])
for angle, qubit in zip(angles, qubits):
if back:
dag.apply_operation_back(RZGate(angle),
[qarg[qubit]], [])
else:
dag.apply_operation_front(RZGate(angle),
[qarg[qubit]], [])
return dag
def _circuit_zsx(theta,
phi,
lam,
phase,
simplify=True,
atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
# Shift theta and phi so decomposition is
# RZ(phi+pi).SX.RZ(theta+pi).SX.RZ(lam)
theta = _mod2pi(theta + np.pi)
phi = _mod2pi(phi + np.pi)
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1, global_phase=phase)
# Check for decomposition into minimimal number required SX gates
if simplify and np.isclose(abs(theta), np.pi, atol=atol):
if not np.isclose(_mod2pi(abs(lam + phi + theta)),
[0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(_mod2pi(lam + phi + theta)), [0])
elif simplify and np.isclose(abs(theta),
[np.pi/2, 3*np.pi/2], atol=atol).any():
if not np.isclose(_mod2pi(abs(lam + theta)),
[0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(_mod2pi(lam + theta)), [0])
circuit.append(SXGate(), [0])
if not np.isclose(_mod2pi(abs(phi + theta)),
[0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(_mod2pi(phi + theta)), [0])
else:
if not np.isclose(abs(lam), [0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(lam), [0])
circuit.append(SXGate(), [0])
if not np.isclose(abs(theta), [0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(theta), [0])
circuit.append(SXGate(), [0])
if not np.isclose(abs(phi), [0., 2*np.pi], atol=atol).any():
circuit.append(RZGate(phi), [0])
return circuit
def _circuit_zsx(theta,
phi,
lam,
phase,
simplify=True,
atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
# Shift theta and phi so decomposition is
# RZ(phi+pi).SX.RZ(theta+pi).SX.RZ(lam)
theta = _mod2pi(theta + np.pi)
phi = _mod2pi(phi + np.pi)
qr = QuantumRegister(1, 'qr')
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr, global_phase=phase - np.pi / 2)
# Check for decomposition into minimimal number required SX gates
abs_theta = abs(theta)
if simplify and math.isclose(abs_theta, np.pi, abs_tol=atol):
lam_phi_theta = _mod2pi(lam + phi + theta)
abs_lam_phi_theta = _mod2pi(abs(lam + phi + theta))
if not (math.isclose(abs_lam_phi_theta, 0., abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_lam_phi_theta, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(lam_phi_theta), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * lam_phi_theta
circuit.global_phase += np.pi / 2
elif simplify and (math.isclose(abs_theta, np.pi/2, abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_theta, 3*np.pi/2, abs_tol=atol)):
lam_theta = _mod2pi(lam + theta)
abs_lam_theta = _mod2pi(abs(lam + theta))
if not (math.isclose(abs_lam_theta, 0, abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_lam_theta, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(lam_theta), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * lam_theta
circuit._append(SXGate(), [qr[0]], [])
phi_theta = _mod2pi(phi + theta)
abs_phi_theta = _mod2pi(abs(phi_theta))
if not (math.isclose(abs_phi_theta, 0, abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_phi_theta, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(phi_theta), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * phi_theta
if (math.isclose(theta, -np.pi / 2, abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(theta, 3 * np.pi / 2, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit.global_phase += np.pi / 2
else:
abs_lam = abs(lam)
if not (math.isclose(abs_lam, 0., abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_lam, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(lam), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * lam
circuit._append(SXGate(), [qr[0]], [])
if not (math.isclose(abs_theta, 0., abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_theta, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(theta), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * theta
circuit._append(SXGate(), [qr[0]], [])
abs_phi = abs(phi)
if not (math.isclose(abs_phi, 0., abs_tol=atol) or
math.isclose(abs_phi, 2*np.pi, abs_tol=atol)):
circuit._append(RZGate(phi), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += 0.5 * phi
return circuit
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(
None,
name="FakeSimpleV2",
description="A fake simple BackendV2 example",
online_date=datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
backend_version="0.0.1",
)
self._lam = Parameter("lambda")
self._target = Target(num_qubits=20)
self._target.add_instruction(SXGate())
self._target.add_instruction(XGate())
self._target.add_instruction(RZGate(self._lam))
self._target.add_instruction(CXGate())
self._target.add_instruction(Measure())
self._runner = QasmSimulatorPy()
def _hessian_states(
self,
state_op: StateFn,
meas_op: Optional[OperatorBase] = None,
target_params: Optional[Union[Tuple[ParameterExpression,
ParameterExpression],
List[Tuple[ParameterExpression,
ParameterExpression]]]] = None
) -> OperatorBase:
"""Generate the operator states whose evaluation returns the Hessian (items).
Args:
state_op: The operator representing the quantum state for which we compute the Hessian.
meas_op: The operator representing the observable for which we compute the gradient.
target_params: The parameters we are computing the Hessian wrt: ω
Returns:
Operators which give the Hessian. If a parameter appears multiple times, one circuit is
created per parameterized gates to compute the product rule.
Raises:
AquaError: If one of the circuits could not be constructed.
TypeError: If ``operator`` is of unsupported type.
"""
state_qc = deepcopy(state_op.primitive)
if isinstance(target_params, list) and isinstance(
target_params[0], tuple):
tuples_list = deepcopy(target_params)
target_params = []
for tuples in tuples_list:
if all([
param in state_qc._parameter_table.get_keys()
for param in tuples
]):
for param in tuples:
if param not in target_params:
target_params.append(param)
elif isinstance(target_params, tuple):
tuples_list = deepcopy([target_params])
target_params = []
for tuples in tuples_list:
if all([
param in state_qc._parameter_table.get_keys()
for param in tuples
]):
for param in tuples:
if param not in target_params:
target_params.append(param)
else:
raise TypeError(
'Please define in the parameters for which the Hessian is evaluated either '
'as parameter tuple or a list of parameter tuples')
qr_add0 = QuantumRegister(1, 'work_qubit0')
work_q0 = qr_add0[0]
qr_add1 = QuantumRegister(1, 'work_qubit1')
work_q1 = qr_add1[0]
# create a copy of the original circuit with an additional working qubit register
circuit = state_qc.copy()
circuit.add_register(qr_add0, qr_add1)
# Get the circuits needed to compute the Hessian
hessian_ops = None
for param_a, param_b in tuples_list:
if param_a not in state_qc._parameter_table.get_keys() or param_b \
not in state_qc._parameter_table.get_keys():
hessian_op = ~Zero @ One
else:
param_gates_a = state_qc._parameter_table[param_a]
param_gates_b = state_qc._parameter_table[param_b]
for i, param_occurence_a in enumerate(param_gates_a):
coeffs_a, gates_a = self._gate_gradient_dict(
param_occurence_a[0])[param_occurence_a[1]]
# apply Hadamard on working qubit
self.insert_gate(circuit,
param_occurence_a[0],
HGate(),
qubits=[work_q0])
self.insert_gate(circuit,
param_occurence_a[0],
HGate(),
qubits=[work_q1])
for j, gate_to_insert_a in enumerate(gates_a):
coeff_a = coeffs_a[j]
hessian_circuit_temp = QuantumCircuit(*circuit.qregs)
hessian_circuit_temp.data = circuit.data
# Fix working qubit 0 phase
sign = np.sign(coeff_a)
is_complex = np.iscomplex(coeff_a)
if sign == -1:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
SdgGate(),
qubits=[work_q0])
else:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
ZGate(),
qubits=[work_q0])
else:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
SGate(),
qubits=[work_q0])
# Insert controlled, intercepting gate - controlled by |1>
if isinstance(param_occurence_a[0], UGate):
if param_occurence_a[1] == 0:
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit_temp, param_occurence_a[0],
RZGate(param_occurence_a[0].params[2]))
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
RXGate(np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
gate_to_insert_a,
additional_qubits=([work_q0],
[]))
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
RXGate(-np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit_temp, param_occurence_a[0],
RZGate(-param_occurence_a[0].params[2]))
elif param_occurence_a[1] == 1:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
gate_to_insert_a,
after=True,
additional_qubits=([work_q0],
[]))
else:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
gate_to_insert_a,
additional_qubits=([work_q0],
[]))
else:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit_temp,
param_occurence_a[0],
gate_to_insert_a,
additional_qubits=([work_q0], []))
for m, param_occurence_b in enumerate(param_gates_b):
coeffs_b, gates_b = self._gate_gradient_dict(
param_occurence_b[0])[param_occurence_b[1]]
for n, gate_to_insert_b in enumerate(gates_b):
coeff_b = coeffs_b[n]
# create a copy of the original circuit with the same registers
hessian_circuit = QuantumCircuit(
*hessian_circuit_temp.qregs)
hessian_circuit.data = hessian_circuit_temp.data
# Fix working qubit 1 phase
sign = np.sign(coeff_b)
is_complex = np.iscomplex(coeff_b)
if sign == -1:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
SdgGate(),
qubits=[work_q1])
else:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
ZGate(),
qubits=[work_q1])
else:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
SGate(),
qubits=[work_q1])
# Insert controlled, intercepting gate - controlled by |1>
if isinstance(param_occurence_b[0], UGate):
if param_occurence_b[1] == 0:
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
RZGate(param_occurence_b[0].
params[2]))
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
RXGate(np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
gate_to_insert_b,
additional_qubits=([work_q1], []))
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
RXGate(-np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
RZGate(-param_occurence_b[0].
params[2]))
elif param_occurence_b[1] == 1:
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
gate_to_insert_b,
after=True,
additional_qubits=([work_q1], []))
else:
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
gate_to_insert_b,
additional_qubits=([work_q1], []))
else:
self.insert_gate(
hessian_circuit,
param_occurence_b[0],
gate_to_insert_b,
additional_qubits=([work_q1], []))
hessian_circuit.h(work_q0)
hessian_circuit.cz(work_q1, work_q0)
hessian_circuit.h(work_q1)
term = state_op.coeff * np.sqrt(np.abs(coeff_a) * np.abs(coeff_b)) \
* CircuitStateFn(hessian_circuit)
# Chain Rule Parameter Expression
gate_param_a = param_occurence_a[0].params[
param_occurence_a[1]]
gate_param_b = param_occurence_b[0].params[
param_occurence_b[1]]
if meas_op:
meas = deepcopy(meas_op)
if isinstance(gate_param_a,
ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param_a, param_a)
meas *= expr_grad
if isinstance(gate_param_b,
ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param_a, param_a)
meas *= expr_grad
term = meas @ term
else:
term = ListOp([term],
combo_fn=partial(
self._hess_combo_fn,
state_op=state_op))
if isinstance(gate_param_a,
ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param_a, param_a)
term *= expr_grad
if isinstance(gate_param_b,
ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param_a, param_a)
term *= expr_grad
if i == 0 and j == 0 and m == 0 and n == 0:
hessian_op = term
else:
# Product Rule
hessian_op += term
# Create a list of Hessian elements w.r.t. the given parameter tuples
if len(tuples_list) == 1:
return hessian_op
else:
if not hessian_ops:
hessian_ops = [hessian_op]
else:
hessian_ops += [hessian_op]
return ListOp(hessian_ops)
def _gradient_states(
self,
state_op: StateFn,
meas_op: Optional[OperatorBase] = None,
target_params: Optional[Union[ParameterExpression, ParameterVector,
List[ParameterExpression]]] = None
) -> ListOp:
"""Generate the gradient states.
Args:
state_op: The operator representing the quantum state for which we compute the gradient.
meas_op: The operator representing the observable for which we compute the gradient.
target_params: The parameters we are taking the gradient wrt: ω
Returns:
ListOp of StateFns as quantum circuits which are the states w.r.t. which we compute the
gradient. If a parameter appears multiple times, one circuit is created per
parameterized gates to compute the product rule.
Raises:
AquaError: If one of the circuits could not be constructed.
TypeError: If the operators is of unsupported type.
"""
state_qc = deepcopy(state_op.primitive)
# Define the working qubit to realize the linear combination of unitaries
qr_work = QuantumRegister(1, 'work_qubit_lin_comb_grad')
work_q = qr_work[0]
if not isinstance(target_params, (list, np.ndarray)):
target_params = [target_params]
if len(target_params) > 1:
states = None
additional_qubits: Tuple[List[Qubit], List[Qubit]] = ([work_q], [])
for param in target_params:
if param not in state_qc._parameter_table.get_keys():
op = ~Zero @ One
else:
param_gates = state_qc._parameter_table[param]
for m, param_occurence in enumerate(param_gates):
coeffs, gates = self._gate_gradient_dict(
param_occurence[0])[param_occurence[1]]
# construct the states
for k, gate_to_insert in enumerate(gates):
grad_state = QuantumCircuit(*state_qc.qregs, qr_work)
grad_state.compose(state_qc, inplace=True)
# apply Hadamard on work_q
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
HGate(),
qubits=[work_q])
# Fix work_q phase
coeff_i = coeffs[k]
sign = np.sign(coeff_i)
is_complex = np.iscomplex(coeff_i)
if sign == -1:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
SdgGate(),
qubits=[work_q])
else:
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
ZGate(),
qubits=[work_q])
else:
if is_complex:
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
SGate(),
qubits=[work_q])
# Insert controlled, intercepting gate - controlled by |0>
if isinstance(param_occurence[0], UGate):
if param_occurence[1] == 0:
self.insert_gate(
grad_state, param_occurence[0],
RZGate(param_occurence[0].params[2]))
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
RXGate(np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(
grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
gate_to_insert,
additional_qubits=additional_qubits)
self.insert_gate(grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
RXGate(-np.pi / 2))
self.insert_gate(
grad_state, param_occurence[0],
RZGate(-param_occurence[0].params[2]))
elif param_occurence[1] == 1:
self.insert_gate(
grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
gate_to_insert,
after=True,
additional_qubits=additional_qubits)
else:
self.insert_gate(
grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
gate_to_insert,
additional_qubits=additional_qubits)
else:
self.insert_gate(
grad_state,
param_occurence[0],
gate_to_insert,
additional_qubits=additional_qubits)
grad_state.h(work_q)
state = np.sqrt(
np.abs(coeff_i)) * state_op.coeff * CircuitStateFn(
grad_state)
# Chain Rule parameter expressions
gate_param = param_occurence[0].params[
param_occurence[1]]
if meas_op:
if gate_param == param:
state = meas_op @ state
else:
if isinstance(gate_param, ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param, param)
state = (expr_grad * meas_op) @ state
else:
state = ~Zero @ One
else:
if gate_param == param:
state = ListOp([state],
combo_fn=partial(
self._grad_combo_fn,
state_op=state_op))
else:
if isinstance(gate_param, ParameterExpression):
expr_grad = DerivativeBase.parameter_expression_grad(
gate_param, param)
state = expr_grad * ListOp(
[state],
combo_fn=partial(self._grad_combo_fn,
state_op=state_op))
else:
state = ~Zero @ One
if m == 0 and k == 0:
op = state
else:
# Product Rule
op += state
if len(target_params) > 1:
if not states:
states = [op]
else:
states += [op]
else:
return op
if len(target_params) > 1:
return ListOp(states)
else:
return op
from qiskit.circuit import Parameter
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, QuantumRegister
from basis_library import BasisLibrary
from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates import (HGate, ZGate, XGate, YGate,
RZGate, RXGate, RYGate,
CXGate, CZGate)
libr = RxzCzLibrary = BasisLibrary()
# H - Gate
q = QuantumRegister(1, 'q')
_def = QuantumCircuit(q, global_phase=pi / 2)
rules = [(RZGate(pi / 2), [q[0]], []), (RXGate(pi / 2), [q[0]], []),
(RZGate(pi / 2), [q[0]], [])]
for inst, qargs, cargs in rules:
_def.append(inst, qargs, cargs)
libr.add('h', _def)
# Z - Gate
q = QuantumRegister(1, 'q')
_def = QuantumCircuit(q, global_phase=pi / 2)
rules = [(RZGate(pi), [q[0]], [])]
for inst, qargs, cargs in rules:
_def.append(inst, qargs, cargs)
def apply_grad_gate(circuit, gate, param_index, grad_gate, grad_coeff, qr_superpos,
open_ctrl=False, trim_after_grad_gate=False):
"""Util function to apply a gradient gate for the linear combination of unitaries method.
Replaces the ``gate`` instance in ``circuit`` with ``grad_gate`` using ``qr_superpos`` as
superposition qubit. Also adds the appropriate sign-fix gates on the superposition qubit.
Args:
circuit (QuantumCircuit): The circuit in which to do the replacements.
gate (Gate): The gate instance to replace.
param_index (int): The index of the parameter in ``gate``.
grad_gate (Gate): A controlled gate encoding the gradient of ``gate``.
grad_coeff (float): A coefficient to the gradient component. Might not be one if the
gradient contains multiple summed terms.
qr_superpos (QuantumRegister): A ``QuantumRegister`` of size 1 contained in ``circuit``
that is used as control for ``grad_gate``.
open_ctrl (bool): If True use an open control for ``grad_gate`` instead of closed.
trim_after_grad_gate (bool): If True remove all gates after the ``grad_gate``. Can
be used to reduce the circuit depth in e.g. computing an overlap of gradients.
Returns:
QuantumCircuit: A copy of the original circuit with the gradient gate added.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If ``gate`` is not in ``circuit``.
"""
# copy the input circuit taking the gates by reference
out = QuantumCircuit(*circuit.qregs)
out._data = circuit._data.copy()
out._parameter_table = ParameterTable({
param: values.copy() for param, values in circuit._parameter_table.items()
})
# get the data index and qubits of the target gate TODO use built-in
gate_idx, gate_qubits = None, None
for i, (op, qarg, _) in enumerate(out._data):
if op is gate:
gate_idx, gate_qubits = i, qarg
break
if gate_idx is None:
raise RuntimeError('The specified gate could not be found in the circuit data.')
# initialize replacement instructions
replacement = []
# insert the phase fix before the target gate better documentation
sign = np.sign(grad_coeff)
is_complex = np.iscomplex(grad_coeff)
if sign < 0 and is_complex:
replacement.append((SdgGate(), qr_superpos[:], []))
elif sign < 0:
replacement.append((ZGate(), qr_superpos[:], []))
elif is_complex:
replacement.append((SGate(), qr_superpos[:], []))
# else no additional gate required
# open control if specified
if open_ctrl:
replacement += [(XGate(), qr_superpos[:], [])]
# compute the replacement
if isinstance(gate, UGate) and param_index == 0:
theta = gate.params[2]
rz_plus, rz_minus = RZGate(theta), RZGate(-theta)
replacement += [(rz_plus, [qubit], []) for qubit in gate_qubits]
replacement += [(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [qubit], []) for qubit in gate_qubits]
replacement.append((grad_gate, qr_superpos[:] + gate_qubits, []))
replacement += [(RXGate(-np.pi / 2), [qubit], []) for qubit in gate_qubits]
replacement += [(rz_minus, [qubit], []) for qubit in gate_qubits]
# update parametertable if necessary
if isinstance(theta, ParameterExpression):
out._update_parameter_table(rz_plus)
out._update_parameter_table(rz_minus)
if open_ctrl:
replacement += [(XGate(), qr_superpos[:], [])]
if not trim_after_grad_gate:
replacement.append((gate, gate_qubits, []))
elif isinstance(gate, UGate) and param_index == 1:
# gradient gate is applied after the original gate in this case
replacement.append((gate, gate_qubits, []))
replacement.append((grad_gate, qr_superpos[:] + gate_qubits, []))
if open_ctrl:
replacement += [(XGate(), qr_superpos[:], [])]
else:
replacement.append((grad_gate, qr_superpos[:] + gate_qubits, []))
if open_ctrl:
replacement += [(XGate(), qr_superpos[:], [])]
if not trim_after_grad_gate:
replacement.append((gate, gate_qubits, []))
# replace the parameter we compute the derivative of with the replacement
# TODO can this be done more efficiently?
if trim_after_grad_gate: # remove everything after the gradient gate
out._data[gate_idx:] = replacement
# reset parameter table
table = ParameterTable()
for op, _, _ in out._data:
for idx, param_expression in enumerate(op.params):
if isinstance(param_expression, ParameterExpression):
for param in param_expression.parameters:
if param not in table.keys():
table[param] = [(op, idx)]
else:
table[param].append((op, idx))
out._parameter_table = table
else:
out._data[gate_idx:gate_idx + 1] = replacement
return out
def convert_to_target(conf_dict: dict,
props_dict: dict = None,
defs_dict: dict = None) -> Target:
"""Uses configuration, properties and pulse defaults dicts
to construct and return Target class.
"""
name_mapping = {
"id": IGate(),
"sx": SXGate(),
"x": XGate(),
"cx": CXGate(),
"rz": RZGate(Parameter("λ")),
"reset": Reset(),
}
custom_gates = {}
qubit_props = None
if props_dict:
qubit_props = qubit_props_from_props(props_dict)
target = Target(qubit_properties=qubit_props)
# Parse from properties if it exsits
if props_dict is not None:
# Parse instructions
gates = {}
for gate in props_dict["gates"]:
name = gate["gate"]
if name in name_mapping:
if name not in gates:
gates[name] = {}
elif name not in custom_gates:
custom_gate = Gate(name, len(gate["qubits"]), [])
custom_gates[name] = custom_gate
gates[name] = {}
qubits = tuple(gate["qubits"])
gate_props = {}
for param in gate["parameters"]:
if param["name"] == "gate_error":
gate_props["error"] = param["value"]
if param["name"] == "gate_length":
gate_props["duration"] = apply_prefix(
param["value"], param["unit"])
gates[name][qubits] = InstructionProperties(**gate_props)
for gate, props in gates.items():
if gate in name_mapping:
inst = name_mapping.get(gate)
else:
inst = custom_gates[gate]
target.add_instruction(inst, props)
# Create measurement instructions:
measure_props = {}
count = 0
for qubit in props_dict["qubits"]:
qubit_prop = {}
for prop in qubit:
if prop["name"] == "readout_length":
qubit_prop["duration"] = apply_prefix(
prop["value"], prop["unit"])
if prop["name"] == "readout_error":
qubit_prop["error"] = prop["value"]
measure_props[(count, )] = InstructionProperties(**qubit_prop)
count += 1
target.add_instruction(Measure(), measure_props)
# Parse from configuration because properties doesn't exist
else:
for gate in conf_dict["gates"]:
name = gate["name"]
gate_props = {tuple(x): None for x in gate["coupling_map"]}
if name in name_mapping:
target.add_instruction(name_mapping[name], gate_props)
else:
custom_gate = Gate(name, len(gate["coupling_map"][0]), [])
target.add_instruction(custom_gate, gate_props)
measure_props = {(n, ): None for n in range(conf_dict["n_qubits"])}
target.add_instruction(Measure(), measure_props)
# parse global configuration properties
dt = conf_dict.get("dt")
if dt:
target.dt = dt * 1e-9
if "timing_constraints" in conf_dict:
target.granularity = conf_dict["timing_constraints"].get("granularity")
target.min_length = conf_dict["timing_constraints"].get("min_length")
target.pulse_alignment = conf_dict["timing_constraints"].get(
"pulse_alignment")
target.aquire_alignment = conf_dict["timing_constraints"].get(
"acquire_alignment")
# If pulse defaults exists use that as the source of truth
if defs_dict is not None:
# TODO remove the usage of PulseDefaults as it will be deprecated in the future
pulse_defs = PulseDefaults.from_dict(defs_dict)
inst_map = pulse_defs.instruction_schedule_map
for inst in inst_map.instructions:
for qarg in inst_map.qubits_with_instruction(inst):
sched = inst_map.get(inst, qarg)
if inst in target:
try:
qarg = tuple(qarg)
except TypeError:
qarg = (qarg, )
if inst == "measure":
for qubit in qarg:
target[inst][(qubit, )].calibration = sched
else:
target[inst][qarg].calibration = sched
target.add_instruction(Delay(Parameter("t")),
{(bit, ): None
for bit in range(target.num_qubits)})
return target
def decompose_xxyy_into_xxyy_xx(a_target, b_target, a_source, b_source,
interaction):
"""
Consumes a target canonical interaction CAN(a_target, b_target) and source interactions
CAN(a1, b1), CAN(a2), then manufactures a circuit identity of the form
CAN(a_target, b_target) = (Zr, Zs) CAN(a_source, b_source) (Zu, Zv) CAN(interaction) (Zx, Zy).
Returns the 6-tuple (r, s, u, v, x, y).
"""
cplus, cminus = np.cos(a_source + b_source), np.cos(a_source - b_source)
splus, sminus = np.sin(a_source + b_source), np.sin(a_source - b_source)
ca, sa = np.cos(interaction), np.sin(interaction)
uplusv = (1 / 2 * safe_arccos(
cminus**2 * ca**2 + sminus**2 * sa**2 - np.cos(a_target - b_target)**2,
2 * cminus * ca * sminus * sa,
))
uminusv = (1 / 2 * safe_arccos(
cplus**2 * ca**2 + splus**2 * sa**2 - np.cos(a_target + b_target)**2,
2 * cplus * ca * splus * sa,
))
u, v = (uplusv + uminusv) / 2, (uplusv - uminusv) / 2
# NOTE: the target matrix is phase-free
middle_matrix = reduce(
np.dot,
[
RXXGate(2 * a_source).to_matrix() @ RYYGate(
2 * b_source).to_matrix(),
np.kron(RZGate(2 * u).to_matrix(),
RZGate(2 * v).to_matrix()),
RXXGate(2 * interaction).to_matrix(),
],
)
phase_solver = np.array([
[
1 / 4,
1 / 4,
1 / 4,
1 / 4,
],
[
1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
1 / 4,
],
[
1 / 4,
1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
],
[
1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
1 / 4,
-1 / 4,
],
])
inner_phases = [
np.angle(middle_matrix[0, 0]),
np.angle(middle_matrix[1, 1]),
np.angle(middle_matrix[1, 2]) + np.pi / 2,
np.angle(middle_matrix[0, 3]) + np.pi / 2,
]
r, s, x, y = np.dot(phase_solver, inner_phases)
# If there's a phase discrepancy, need to conjugate by an extra Z/2 (x) Z/2.
generated_matrix = reduce(
np.dot,
[
np.kron(RZGate(2 * r).to_matrix(),
RZGate(2 * s).to_matrix()),
middle_matrix,
np.kron(RZGate(2 * x).to_matrix(),
RZGate(2 * y).to_matrix()),
],
)
if (abs(np.angle(generated_matrix[3, 0]) - np.pi / 2) < 0.01
and a_target > b_target) or (
abs(np.angle(generated_matrix[3, 0]) + np.pi / 2) < 0.01
and a_target < b_target):
x += np.pi / 4
y += np.pi / 4
r -= np.pi / 4
s -= np.pi / 4
return r, s, u, v, x, y
def fnz(circuit, qr, phi):
phi = _mod_2pi(phi, atol)
if abs(phi) > atol:
circuit._append(RZGate(phi), [qr[0]], [])
circuit.global_phase += phi / 2
from qiskit.qasm import pi
eq_lib = EquivalenceLibrary()
theta = Parameter('theta')
phi = Parameter('phi')
lamda = Parameter('lamda')
u3 = U3Gate(theta, phi, lamda)
u2 = U2Gate(theta, phi)
u1 = U1Gate(theta)
ccx = CCXGate()
q = QuantumRegister(1, 'q')
equiv_u3 = QuantumCircuit(q)
equiv_u3.append(RZGate(phi+(pi/2)), [q[0]], [])
equiv_u3.append(HGate(),[q[0]], [] )
equiv_u3.append(RZGate(theta),[q[0]], [])
equiv_u3.append(HGate(), [q[0]], [])
equiv_u3.append(RZGate(lamda-(pi/2)),[q[0]], 0)
eq_lib.add_equivalence(u3, equiv_u3)
q = QuantumRegister(1, 'q')
equiv_u2 = QuantumCircuit(q)
equiv_u2.append(RZGate(theta+(pi/2)), [q[0]], [])
equiv_u2.append(HGate(),[q[0]], [] )
equiv_u2.append(RZGate(pi/2),[q[0]], [])
equiv_u2.append(HGate(), [q[0]], [])
equiv_u2.append(RZGate(phi-(pi/2)),[q[0]], 0)
eq_lib.add_equivalence(u2, equiv_u2)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(
name="FakeMumbaiV2",
description="A fake BackendV2 example based on IBM Mumbai",
online_date=datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
backend_version="0.0.1",
)
dt = 0.2222222222222222e-9
self._target = Target(dt=dt)
self._phi = Parameter("phi")
rz_props = {
(0, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(1, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(2, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(3, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(4, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(5, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(6, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(7, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(8, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(9, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(10, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(11, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(12, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(13, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(14, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(15, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(16, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(17, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(18, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(19, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(20, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(21, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(22, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(23, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(24, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(25, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
(26, ): InstructionProperties(duration=0.0, error=0),
}
self._target.add_instruction(RZGate(self._phi), rz_props)
x_props = {
(0, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00020056469709026198),
(1, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0004387432040599484),
(2, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002196765027963209),
(3, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0003065541555566093),
(4, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002402026686478811),
(5, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002162777062721698),
(6, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00021981280474256117),
(7, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00018585647396926756),
(8, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00027053333211825124),
(9, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002603116226593832),
(10, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00023827406030798066),
(11, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024856063217108685),
(12, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002065075637361354),
(13, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024898181450337464),
(14, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00017758796319636606),
(15, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00016530893922883836),
(16, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0003213658218204255),
(17, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024068450432012685),
(18, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00026676441863976344),
(19, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00017090891698571018),
(20, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00021057196071004095),
(21, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00030445404779882887),
(22, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00019322295843406375),
(23, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00030966037392287727),
(24, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00023570754161126),
(25, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00018367783963229033),
(26, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00019630609928571516),
}
self._target.add_instruction(XGate(), x_props)
sx_props = {
(0, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00020056469709026198),
(1, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0004387432040599484),
(2, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002196765027963209),
(3, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0003065541555566093),
(4, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002402026686478811),
(5, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002162777062721698),
(6, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00021981280474256117),
(7, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00018585647396926756),
(8, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00027053333211825124),
(9, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002603116226593832),
(10, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00023827406030798066),
(11, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024856063217108685),
(12, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0002065075637361354),
(13, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024898181450337464),
(14, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00017758796319636606),
(15, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00016530893922883836),
(16, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.0003213658218204255),
(17, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00024068450432012685),
(18, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00026676441863976344),
(19, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00017090891698571018),
(20, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00021057196071004095),
(21, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00030445404779882887),
(22, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00019322295843406375),
(23, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00030966037392287727),
(24, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00023570754161126),
(25, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00018367783963229033),
(26, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555554e-08,
error=0.00019630609928571516),
}
self._target.add_instruction(SXGate(), sx_props)
chunk_size = 16
cx_props = {
(0, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=101 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.030671121181161276),
(4, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=70 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.014041986073052737),
(4, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=74 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0052040275323747),
(10, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=92 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005625282141655502),
(10, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=84 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005771827440726435),
(15, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=84 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0050335609425562755),
(15, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=64 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0051374141171115495),
(12, 13):
InstructionProperties(duration=70 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.011361175954064051),
(13, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=101 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005231334872256355),
# From FakeMumbai:
(1, 0):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.551111111111111e-07,
error=0.030671121181161276),
(1, 2):
InstructionProperties(duration=7.395555555555556e-07,
error=0.03420291964205785),
(1, 4):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.6266666666666663e-07,
error=0.014041986073052737),
(2, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=7.04e-07,
error=0.03420291964205785),
(2, 3):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.266666666666666e-07,
error=0.005618162036535312),
(3, 2):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.911111111111111e-07,
error=0.005618162036535312),
(3, 5):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555553e-07,
error=0.006954580732294352),
(5, 3):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.911111111111111e-07,
error=0.006954580732294352),
(5, 8):
InstructionProperties(duration=1.3155555555555553e-06,
error=0.021905829471073668),
(6, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=2.4177777777777775e-07,
error=0.011018069718028878),
(7, 4):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.7688888888888884e-07,
error=0.0052040275323747),
(7, 6):
InstructionProperties(duration=2.7733333333333333e-07,
error=0.011018069718028878),
(7, 10):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.337777777777778e-07,
error=0.005625282141655502),
(8, 5):
InstructionProperties(duration=1.351111111111111e-06,
error=0.021905829471073668),
(8, 9):
InstructionProperties(duration=6.897777777777777e-07,
error=0.011889378687341773),
(8, 11):
InstructionProperties(duration=5.902222222222222e-07,
error=0.009523844852027258),
(9, 8):
InstructionProperties(duration=6.542222222222222e-07,
error=0.011889378687341773),
(11, 8):
InstructionProperties(duration=6.257777777777777e-07,
error=0.009523844852027258),
(11, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.053333333333333e-07,
error=0.004685421425282804),
(12, 10):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.9822222222222215e-07,
error=0.005771827440726435),
(12, 15):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.053333333333333e-07,
error=0.0050335609425562755),
(13, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=5.831111111111111e-07,
error=0.011361175954064051),
(14, 11):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.697777777777778e-07,
error=0.004685421425282804),
(14, 13):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.5555555555555553e-07,
error=0.005231334872256355),
(14, 16):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.484444444444444e-07,
error=0.0051117141032224755),
(16, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.1288888888888885e-07,
error=0.0051117141032224755),
(16, 19):
InstructionProperties(duration=7.537777777777777e-07,
error=0.013736796355458464),
(17, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=2.488888888888889e-07,
error=0.007267536233537236),
(18, 15):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.413333333333333e-07,
error=0.0051374141171115495),
(18, 17):
InstructionProperties(duration=2.8444444444444443e-07,
error=0.007267536233537236),
(18, 21):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.977777777777778e-07,
error=0.007718304749257138),
(19, 16):
InstructionProperties(duration=7.182222222222222e-07,
error=0.013736796355458464),
(19, 20):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.266666666666666e-07,
error=0.005757038521092134),
(19, 22):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.6266666666666663e-07,
error=0.004661878013991871),
(20, 19):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.911111111111111e-07,
error=0.005757038521092134),
(21, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=5.333333333333332e-07,
error=0.007718304749257138),
(21, 23):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.911111111111111e-07,
error=0.007542515578725928),
(22, 19):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.271111111111111e-07,
error=0.004661878013991871),
(22, 25):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.835555555555555e-07,
error=0.005536735115231589),
(23, 21):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.266666666666666e-07,
error=0.007542515578725928),
(23, 24):
InstructionProperties(duration=6.613333333333332e-07,
error=0.010797784688907186),
(24, 23):
InstructionProperties(duration=6.257777777777777e-07,
error=0.010797784688907186),
(24, 25):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.337777777777778e-07,
error=0.006127506135155392),
(25, 22):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.48e-07,
error=0.005536735115231589),
(25, 24):
InstructionProperties(duration=4.693333333333333e-07,
error=0.006127506135155392),
(25, 26):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.484444444444444e-07,
error=0.0048451525929122385),
(26, 25):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.1288888888888885e-07,
error=0.0048451525929122385),
}
self.target.add_instruction(CXGate(), cx_props)
# Error and duration the same as CX
rzx_90_props = {
(0, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=101 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.030671121181161276),
(4, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=70 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.014041986073052737),
(4, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=74 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0052040275323747),
(10, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=92 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005625282141655502),
(10, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=84 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005771827440726435),
(15, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=84 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0050335609425562755),
(15, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=64 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0051374141171115495),
(12, 13):
InstructionProperties(duration=70 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.011361175954064051),
(13, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=101 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005231334872256355),
}
self.target.add_instruction(RZXGate(np.pi / 2),
rzx_90_props,
name="rzx_90")
rzx_45_props = {
(0, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=52 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.030671121181161276 / 2),
(4, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=37 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.014041986073052737 / 2),
(4, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=40 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0052040275323747 / 2),
(10, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=46 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005625282141655502 / 2),
(10, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=45 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005771827440726435 / 2),
(15, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=42 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0050335609425562755 / 2),
(15, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=34 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0051374141171115495 / 2),
(12, 13):
InstructionProperties(duration=37 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.011361175954064051 / 2),
(13, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=52 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005231334872256355 / 2),
}
self.target.add_instruction(RZXGate(np.pi / 4),
rzx_45_props,
name="rzx_45")
rzx_30_props = {
(0, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=37 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.030671121181161276 / 3),
(4, 1):
InstructionProperties(duration=24 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.014041986073052737 / 3),
(4, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=29 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0052040275323747 / 3),
(10, 7):
InstructionProperties(duration=32 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005625282141655502 / 3),
(10, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=32 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005771827440726435 / 3),
(15, 12):
InstructionProperties(duration=29 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0050335609425562755 / 3),
(15, 18):
InstructionProperties(duration=26 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.0051374141171115495 / 3),
(12, 13):
InstructionProperties(duration=24 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.011361175954064051 / 3),
(13, 14):
InstructionProperties(duration=377 * chunk_size * dt,
error=0.005231334872256355 / 3),
}
self.target.add_instruction(RZXGate(np.pi / 6),
rzx_30_props,
name="rzx_30")
reset_props = {(i, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3676.4444444444443)
for i in range(27)}
self._target.add_instruction(Reset(), reset_props)
meas_props = {
(0, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.02089999999999992),
(1, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.020199999999999996),
(2, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.014100000000000001),
(3, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.03710000000000002),
(4, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.015100000000000002),
(5, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.01869999999999994),
(6, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.013000000000000012),
(7, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.02059999999999995),
(8, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.06099999999999994),
(9, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.02950000000000008),
(10, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.040000000000000036),
(11, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.017299999999999982),
(12, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.04410000000000003),
(13, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.017199999999999993),
(14, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.10119999999999996),
(15, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.07840000000000003),
(16, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.014499999999999957),
(17, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.021299999999999986),
(18, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.022399999999999975),
(19, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.01859999999999995),
(20, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.02859999999999996),
(21, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.021600000000000064),
(22, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.030200000000000005),
(23, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.01970000000000005),
(24, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.03079999999999994),
(25, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.04400000000000004),
(26, ):
InstructionProperties(duration=3.552e-06,
error=0.026800000000000046),
}
self.target.add_instruction(Measure(), meas_props)
self._qubit_properties = {
0:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00015987993124584417,
t2=0.00016123516590787283,
frequency=5073462814.921423),
1:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00017271188343294773,
t2=3.653713654834547e-05,
frequency=4943844681.620448),
2:
QubitProperties(t1=7.179635917914033e-05,
t2=0.00012399765778639733,
frequency=4668157502.363186),
3:
QubitProperties(t1=0.0001124203171256432,
t2=0.0001879954854434302,
frequency=4887315883.214115),
4:
QubitProperties(t1=9.568769051084652e-05,
t2=6.9955557231525e-05,
frequency=5016355075.77537),
5:
QubitProperties(t1=9.361326963775646e-05,
t2=0.00012561361411231962,
frequency=4950539585.866738),
6:
QubitProperties(t1=9.735672898365994e-05,
t2=0.00012522003396944046,
frequency=4970622491.726983),
7:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00012117839009784141,
t2=0.0001492370106539427,
frequency=4889863864.167805),
8:
QubitProperties(t1=8.394707006435891e-05,
t2=5.5194256398727296e-05,
frequency=4769852625.405966),
9:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00012392229685657686,
t2=5.97129502818714e-05,
frequency=4948868138.885028),
10:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00011193014813922708,
t2=0.00014091085124119432,
frequency=4966294754.357908),
11:
QubitProperties(t1=0.000124426408667364,
t2=9.561432905002298e-05,
frequency=4664636564.282378),
12:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00012469120424014884,
t2=7.1792446286313e-05,
frequency=4741461907.952719),
13:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00010010942474357871,
t2=9.260751861141544e-05,
frequency=4879064835.799635),
14:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00010793367069728063,
t2=0.00020462601085738193,
frequency=4774809501.962878),
15:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00010814279470918582,
t2=0.00014052616328020083,
frequency=4860834948.367331),
16:
QubitProperties(t1=9.889617874757627e-05,
t2=0.00012160357011388956,
frequency=4978318747.333388),
17:
QubitProperties(t1=8.435212562619916e-05,
t2=4.43587633824445e-05,
frequency=5000300619.491221),
18:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00011719166507869474,
t2=5.461866556148401e-05,
frequency=4772460318.985625),
19:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00013321880066203932,
t2=0.0001704632622810825,
frequency=4807707035.998121),
20:
QubitProperties(t1=9.14192211953385e-05,
t2=0.00014298332288799443,
frequency=5045028334.669125),
21:
QubitProperties(t1=5.548103716494676e-05,
t2=9.328101902519704e-05,
frequency=4941029753.792485),
22:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00017109481586484562,
t2=0.00019209594920551097,
frequency=4906801587.246266),
23:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00010975552427765991,
t2=0.00015616813868639905,
frequency=4891601685.652732),
24:
QubitProperties(t1=0.0001612962696960434,
t2=6.940808472789023e-05,
frequency=4664347869.784967),
25:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00015414506978323392,
t2=8.382170181880107e-05,
frequency=4742061753.511209),
26:
QubitProperties(t1=0.00011828557676958944,
t2=0.00016963640893557827,
frequency=4961661099.733828),
}
def convert_to_target(
configuration: BackendConfiguration,
properties: BackendProperties = None,
defaults: PulseDefaults = None,
) -> Target:
"""Uses configuration, properties and pulse defaults
to construct and return Target class.
"""
name_mapping = {
"id": IGate(),
"sx": SXGate(),
"x": XGate(),
"cx": CXGate(),
"rz": RZGate(Parameter("λ")),
"reset": Reset(),
}
custom_gates = {}
target = None
# Parse from properties if it exsits
if properties is not None:
qubit_properties = qubit_props_list_from_props(properties=properties)
target = Target(
num_qubits=configuration.n_qubits, qubit_properties=qubit_properties
)
# Parse instructions
gates: Dict[str, Any] = {}
for gate in properties.gates:
name = gate.gate
if name in name_mapping:
if name not in gates:
gates[name] = {}
elif name not in custom_gates:
custom_gate = Gate(name, len(gate.qubits), [])
custom_gates[name] = custom_gate
gates[name] = {}
qubits = tuple(gate.qubits)
gate_props = {}
for param in gate.parameters:
if param.name == "gate_error":
gate_props["error"] = param.value
if param.name == "gate_length":
gate_props["duration"] = apply_prefix(param.value, param.unit)
gates[name][qubits] = InstructionProperties(**gate_props)
for gate, props in gates.items():
if gate in name_mapping:
inst = name_mapping.get(gate)
else:
inst = custom_gates[gate]
target.add_instruction(inst, props)
# Create measurement instructions:
measure_props = {}
for qubit, _ in enumerate(properties.qubits):
measure_props[(qubit,)] = InstructionProperties(
duration=properties.readout_length(qubit),
error=properties.readout_error(qubit),
)
target.add_instruction(Measure(), measure_props)
# Parse from configuration because properties doesn't exist
else:
target = Target(num_qubits=configuration.n_qubits)
for gate in configuration.gates:
name = gate.name
gate_props = (
{tuple(x): None for x in gate.coupling_map} # type: ignore[misc]
if hasattr(gate, "coupling_map")
else {None: None}
)
gate_len = len(gate.coupling_map[0]) if hasattr(gate, "coupling_map") else 0
if name in name_mapping:
target.add_instruction(name_mapping[name], gate_props)
else:
custom_gate = Gate(name, gate_len, [])
target.add_instruction(custom_gate, gate_props)
target.add_instruction(Measure())
# parse global configuration properties
if hasattr(configuration, "dt"):
target.dt = configuration.dt
if hasattr(configuration, "timing_constraints"):
target.granularity = configuration.timing_constraints.get("granularity")
target.min_length = configuration.timing_constraints.get("min_length")
target.pulse_alignment = configuration.timing_constraints.get("pulse_alignment")
target.aquire_alignment = configuration.timing_constraints.get(
"acquire_alignment"
)
# If a pulse defaults exists use that as the source of truth
if defaults is not None:
inst_map = defaults.instruction_schedule_map
for inst in inst_map.instructions:
for qarg in inst_map.qubits_with_instruction(inst):
sched = inst_map.get(inst, qarg)
if inst in target:
try:
qarg = tuple(qarg)
except TypeError:
qarg = (qarg,)
if inst == "measure":
for qubit in qarg:
target[inst][(qubit,)].calibration = sched
else:
target[inst][qarg].calibration = sched
if "delay" not in target:
target.add_instruction(
Delay(Parameter("t")), {(bit,): None for bit in range(target.num_qubits)}
)
return target
def apply_grad_gate(
circuit,
gate,
param_index,
grad_gate,
grad_coeff,
qr_superpos,
open_ctrl=False,
trim_after_grad_gate=False,
):
"""Util function to apply a gradient gate for the linear combination of unitaries method.
Replaces the ``gate`` instance in ``circuit`` with ``grad_gate`` using ``qr_superpos`` as
superposition qubit. Also adds the appropriate sign-fix gates on the superposition qubit.
Args:
circuit (QuantumCircuit): The circuit in which to do the replacements.
gate (Gate): The gate instance to replace.
param_index (int): The index of the parameter in ``gate``.
grad_gate (Gate): A controlled gate encoding the gradient of ``gate``.
grad_coeff (float): A coefficient to the gradient component. Might not be one if the
gradient contains multiple summed terms.
qr_superpos (QuantumRegister): A ``QuantumRegister`` of size 1 contained in ``circuit``
that is used as control for ``grad_gate``.
open_ctrl (bool): If True use an open control for ``grad_gate`` instead of closed.
trim_after_grad_gate (bool): If True remove all gates after the ``grad_gate``. Can
be used to reduce the circuit depth in e.g. computing an overlap of gradients.
Returns:
QuantumCircuit: A copy of the original circuit with the gradient gate added.
Raises:
RuntimeError: If ``gate`` is not in ``circuit``.
"""
qr_superpos_qubits = tuple(qr_superpos)
# copy the input circuit taking the gates by reference
out = QuantumCircuit(*circuit.qregs)
out._data = circuit._data.copy()
out._parameter_table = ParameterTable({
param: values.copy()
for param, values in circuit._parameter_table.items()
})
# get the data index and qubits of the target gate TODO use built-in
gate_idx, gate_qubits = None, None
for i, instruction in enumerate(out._data):
if instruction.operation is gate:
gate_idx, gate_qubits = i, instruction.qubits
break
if gate_idx is None:
raise RuntimeError(
"The specified gate could not be found in the circuit data.")
# initialize replacement instructions
replacement = []
# insert the phase fix before the target gate better documentation
sign = np.sign(grad_coeff)
is_complex = np.iscomplex(grad_coeff)
if sign < 0 and is_complex:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(SdgGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
elif sign < 0:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(ZGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
elif is_complex:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(SGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
# else no additional gate required
# open control if specified
if open_ctrl:
replacement += [
CircuitInstruction(XGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, [])
]
# compute the replacement
if isinstance(gate, UGate) and param_index == 0:
theta = gate.params[2]
rz_plus, rz_minus = RZGate(theta), RZGate(-theta)
replacement += [
CircuitInstruction(rz_plus, (qubit, ), ())
for qubit in gate_qubits
]
replacement += [
CircuitInstruction(RXGate(np.pi / 2), (qubit, ), ())
for qubit in gate_qubits
]
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(grad_gate, qr_superpos_qubits + gate_qubits,
[]))
replacement += [
CircuitInstruction(RXGate(-np.pi / 2), (qubit, ), ())
for qubit in gate_qubits
]
replacement += [
CircuitInstruction(rz_minus, (qubit, ), ())
for qubit in gate_qubits
]
# update parametertable if necessary
if isinstance(theta, ParameterExpression):
# This dangerously subverts ParameterTable by abusing the fact that binding will
# mutate the exact instruction instance, and relies on all instances of `rz_plus`
# that were added before being the same in memory, which QuantumCircuit usually
# ensures is not the case. I'm leaving this as close to its previous form as
# possible, to avoid introducing further complications, but this whole method
# accesses internal attributes of `QuantumCircuit` and needs rewriting.
# - Jake Lishman, 2022-03-02.
out._update_parameter_table(
CircuitInstruction(rz_plus, (gate_qubits[0], ), ()))
out._update_parameter_table(
CircuitInstruction(rz_minus, (gate_qubits[0], ), ()))
if open_ctrl:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(XGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
if not trim_after_grad_gate:
replacement.append(CircuitInstruction(gate, gate_qubits, ()))
elif isinstance(gate, UGate) and param_index == 1:
# gradient gate is applied after the original gate in this case
replacement.append(CircuitInstruction(gate, gate_qubits, ()))
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(grad_gate, qr_superpos_qubits + gate_qubits,
()))
if open_ctrl:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(XGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
else:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(grad_gate, qr_superpos_qubits + gate_qubits,
()))
if open_ctrl:
replacement.append(
CircuitInstruction(XGate(), qr_superpos_qubits, ()))
if not trim_after_grad_gate:
replacement.append(CircuitInstruction(gate, gate_qubits, ()))
# replace the parameter we compute the derivative of with the replacement
# TODO can this be done more efficiently?
if trim_after_grad_gate: # remove everything after the gradient gate
out._data[gate_idx:] = replacement
# reset parameter table
table = ParameterTable()
for instruction in out._data:
for idx, param_expression in enumerate(
instruction.operation.params):
if isinstance(param_expression, ParameterExpression):
for param in param_expression.parameters:
if param not in table.keys():
table[param] = ParameterReferences(
((instruction.operation, idx), ))
else:
table[param].add((instruction.operation, idx))
out._parameter_table = table
else:
out._data[gate_idx:gate_idx + 1] = replacement
return out
