def bfs(maze, start, end):
visited = set()
# Create start and end node
start_node = Node(None, start)
start_node.g = 0
end_node = Node(None, end)
end_node.g = 0
queue = []
queue.append(start_node)
visited.add(start_node)
while len(queue) > 0:
current_node = queue[0]
queue.pop(0)
#If end
if current_node.position == end:
return get_path(current_node)
#Create children node
children = create_child_node(maze, current_node)
for child in children:
#Check if child is visited
if child not in visited:
child.g = current_node.g + 1
visited.add(child)
queue.append(child)
return -1
def shortest_path2(self, src):
dst = [-1] * len(self.switches)
prec = [None] * len(self.switches)
explored = []
queue = []
dst[int(src.id)] = 0
queue.append(src)
queue.append(0)
while queue:
node = queue.pop(0)
dist = queue.pop(0)
if node not in explored:
for edge in node.edges:
if edge.lnode == node:
to_node = edge.rnode
else:
to_node = edge.lnode
if to_node.type == "switch":
if dst[int(to_node.id)] == -1:
dst[int(to_node.id)] = dist + 1
prec[int(to_node.id)] = node.id
queue.append(to_node)
queue.append(dist + 1)
explored.append(node)
return dst, prec
def bipartite(adj):
dist = [-1 for item in adj]
CClevel = [0 for item in adj]
cc = 0
dist[0] = 0
CClevel[0] = 0
queue = [0]
while queue:
# Process phase
cc = 1 - cc
s = queue[0]
for n in adj[s]:
# Discover phase
if dist[n] == -1:
queue.append(n)
dist[n] = dist[s] + 1
CClevel[n] = cc
queue.pop(0)
for n, item in enumerate(adj):
for nbr in item:
if CClevel[n] == CClevel[nbr]:
return 0
return 1
def solution(progresses, speeds):
queue = []
answer = []
count = 0
# 큐에 삽입 (인덱스 접근 가능)
for i in progresses:
queue.append(100 - i)
while len(queue) != 0:
#queue가 빌 때까지 반복
for x in range(0, len(queue)):
queue[x] = queue[x] - speeds[x]
while len(queue) != 0:
if queue[0] > 0:
#양수이면 그만
break
else:
# 0이거나 음수이면
queue.pop(0)
speeds.pop(0)
count += 1
if count != 0:
answer.append(count)
count = 0
return answer
def bfs(adj, q):
#write your code here
last_visit = []
last_dist = []
#for i in range(len(adj)):
# last_dist.append(-999)
#dist[s] = 0
queue = []
queue = queue + q
flags = [0] * len(adj)
for i in queue:
flags[i] = 1
#print ("Relaxed:",queue)
last_visit = last_visit + q
while len(queue) != 0:
u = queue[0]
queue.pop(0)
#print ("Current:",u)
for v in adj[u]:
#print ("Current Edge:",v)
'''
if v not in last_visit:
queue.append(v) ##Add unvisited to the queue to process
last_visit.append(v)
'''
if flags[v] != 1:
queue.append(v)
last_visit.append(v)
flags[v] = 1
#print (last_visit)
return last_visit
def run(self):
while 1:
try:
queue.pop()
print("Consumer: %s get a product" % self.name)
time.sleep(2)
except:
print("Queue is empty!")
time.sleep(2)
print("Consumer: %s sleep 2 seconds" % self.name)
def bellman(self, source, target):
previous = {}
distance = {}
queue = []
visited = {}
count = {}
cost_dict = self.__cost
# we initialize the dictionaries
for node in self.V:
distance[node] = math.inf
previous[node] = None
count[node] = 0
# no node is visited at the beginning
visited[node] = False
# the distance is 0 at the beginning
distance[source] = 0
# push the source in the queue
queue.append(source)
# the source vertex is marked as visited
visited[source] = True
# while the queue is not empty
while queue:
vertex = queue[0]
queue.pop(0)
visited[vertex] = False # the vertex is marked as not visited
for child in self._outbound: # search through all its neighbours
if distance[child] > distance[vertex] + cost_dict[
(vertex, child)]:
distance[child] = distance[vertex] + cost_dict[
(vertex, child)] # update the distance
previous[child] = vertex
if visited[child] is False:
visited[child] = True # child is marked as true
count[child] += 1
queue.append(child) # push the child in the queue
# if the number of vertices is greater than the maximum number of vertices,
# we have negative cost cycle
# if count[child] >= len(self.graph.get_out()):
# print("Negative cost cycle!")
# return None
# returns a pair distance, path
msg = "no path"
if distance[target] == math.inf:
print("no path")
return msg
return (distance[target], self.get_path(source, target, previous))
def on_message(self, ws, message):
parsed_message = json.loads(message)
message_type = parsed_message.get('method', 'unknown')
if message_type not in self.messages:
self.messages[message_type] = []
queue = self.messages[message_type]
if len(queue) == self.max_size:
queue.pop(0)
queue.append(parsed_message)
try:
self.handle_messages(parsed_message)
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(e)
def bfs(maze):
"""
Runs BFS for part 1 of the assignment.
@param maze: The maze to execute the search on.
@return path: a list of tuples containing the coordinates of each state in the computed path
"""
# reference: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/breadth-first-search-or-bfs-for-a-graph/
queue = []
visited = set() # use a set to keep track of visited states
queue.append([maze.start])
goal = maze.waypoints[0] # only one waypoint
while queue: # while our queue is not empty
path = queue.pop(0)
row, col = path[len(path) - 1] # get last position in path
if (row, col) in visited:
continue
visited.add((row, col))
if ((row, col) == goal):
return path
for n in maze.neighbors(row, col):
if n not in visited:
queue.append(path + [n]) # will keep on appending to cur_path
# return empty list if unsuccessful
return []
def bfs(start, end):
cost = 0
visited = []
prev = []
queue = []
queue.append(start)
visited.append(start)
prev.append(start)
while queue:
queue_start = queue.pop(0)
for dist in graph[queue_start][2]:
if dist[0] not in visited:
cost += 1
visited.append(dist[0])
prev.append(queue_start)
queue.append(dist[0])
if dist[0] == end:
break
else:
continue
break
path = []
last_val = visited[-1]
while last_val != start:
path.append(last_val)
last_val = prev[visited.index(last_val)]
else:
path.append(last_val)
path = path[::-1]
return [cost, travel_cost(path), path]
def polygon_to_convex_polygons(polygon: List[Vec]) -> List[List[Vec]]:
polygons = []
queue = [list(polygon)]
while len(queue) > 0:
polygon = queue.pop()
if len(polygon) < 3:
continue
for notch, (a,b,c) in enumerate(zip(np.roll(polygon,-1,0), polygon, np.roll(polygon,1,0))):
if distance(a,c,b) < 0:
break
else:
polygons.append(polygon) # Is already convex
continue
a,b,c = polygon[notch-1], polygon[notch], polygon[(notch+1)%len(polygon)]
pointA, indexA = project_ray_polygon(polygon, a,b)
pointC, indexB = project_ray_polygon(polygon, c,b)
indexB -= 1
if indexA - indexB == 1:
polygon.insert(indexA, (pointA+pointC) / 2)
if indexA < notch:
notch += 1
queue += [*split_polygon(polygon, notch, indexA)]
else:
queue += [*split_polygon(polygon, notch, (indexA + indexB) // 2)]
return polygons
def dfs(maze):
num_states_explored = 0
start_position = maze.getStart()
end_position = maze.getObjectives()
visited, queue = list(), collections.deque([start_position])
parent_map = {start_position: start_position}
not_found = True
while queue and not_found:
num_states_explored += 1
vertex = queue.pop()
visited.append((vertex[0], vertex[1]))
if (vertex[0], vertex[1]) == end_position[0]:
not_found = False
break
for neighbour in maze.getNeighbors(vertex[0], vertex[1]):
if neighbour not in queue and neighbour not in visited:
queue.append(neighbour)
parent_map[neighbour] = (vertex[0], vertex[1])
# backtrack to find the trace
parent_list = list()
current = end_position[0]
while current != start_position:
parent_list.append(current)
current = parent_map[current]
parent_list.append(current)
parent_list.reverse()
return parent_list, num_states_explored
def bfs_shortest_path(graph, start, goal):
print("{} --- {} --- {}".format(graph, start, goal))
# keep track of explored nodes
explored = []
# keep track of all the paths to be checked
queue = [[start]]
# return path if start is goal
if start == goal:
return "That was easy! Start = goal"
# keeps looping until all possible paths have been checked
while queue:
# pop the first path from the queue
path = queue.pop(0)
# get the last node from the path
node = path[-1]
if node not in explored:
neighbours = graph[node]
# go through all neighbour nodes, construct a new path and
# push it into the queue
for neighbour in neighbours:
new_path = list(path)
new_path.append(neighbour)
queue.append(new_path)
# return path if neighbour is goal
if neighbour == goal:
return new_path
# mark node as explored
explored.append(node)
# in case there's no path between the 2 nodes
return "So sorry, but a connecting path doesn't exist :("
def simulateData(self,times):
for t in range(times):
temp={}
for n in self.noParent:#prior
temp[n]='F'
rowT=self.graph[n].probabilityTable['T']
if random.random()<=rowT[3]:
temp[n]='T'
rowT[1]+=1
rowT[2]+=1
a=rowT[1]/rowT[2]
rowT[0]=math.floor(a*100)/100
queue=list(self.parent)#clone it and become a queue
while queue:#is not empty
q=queue.pop(0)#pop from head
if set(self.parent[q]).issubset(temp):#if all parents are ready
st=''
temp[q]='F'
table=self.graph[q].probabilityTable
for i in self.parent[q]:
st+=str(temp[i])
if random.random()<=table[st][3]:
temp[q]='T'
table[st][1]+=1
table[st][2]+=1
a=table[st][1]/table[st][2]
table[st][0]=math.floor(a*1000)/1000
else:
queue.append(q)#add to tail
#after all simulating, update the prior probability of each node (without given condition)
self.generatePriorProbability()
def isReachable(self, agent_i, agent_j):
'''
if isReachable form agent_i to agent_j
'''
self.BuildReachableMatrix()
# Create a queue for BFS
queue = []
# Mark the source node as visited and enqueue it
visited = []
for i in range(self.n):
visited[i].append(False)
queue.append(agent_i)
visited[agent_i] = True
while queue: #q is not empty
#Dequeue a vertex from queue
n = queue.pop(0)
# If this adjacent node is the destination node,
# then return true
if self.Matrix[n, agent_j] == True:
return True
# Else, continue to do BFS
for i in self.dictReach[n]:
if visited[i] == False:
queue.append(i)
visited[i] = True
return False
def validTree(self, n, edges):
# 检查graph上的边是否满足构成树的基本要求
if len(edges) != n - 1:
return False
# 建立邻接字典，存储两点之间的联通情况
neighbors = collections.defaultdict(list)
for u, v in edges:
neighbors[u].append(v) # 注意这里需要使用append，因为一点可能与多点相连
neighbors[v].append(u)
# 建立已遍历点的字典以及队列
visits = {}
queue = []
queue.append(0)
visits[0] = True
# 依次根据连通节点遍历图中所有可能节点
while queue:
val = queue.pop(0)
visits[val] = True
for i in neighbors[val]:
if not visits[i]:
visits[i] = True
queue.append(i)
# 验证通过邻接边所遍历的所有节点是否等于图中的所有节点
return len(visits) == n
def generatePriorProbability(self):
self.order=[]#the order that all parents of node are ready
for n in self.noParent:
self.graph[n].probability=self.graph[n].probabilityTable['T'][0]
self.order.append(n)
queue=list(self.parent)#clone it and become a queue
while queue:#is not empty
q=queue.pop(0)#pop from head
if set(self.parent[q]).issubset(self.order):#if all parents are ready
self.order.append(q)
nu=0#numerator
de=0#denominator
for k in self.graph[q].probabilityTable:
if k != q:#skip title row
pro=1
pro2=1
for m in range(len(k)):
if k[m]=='T':
pro*=self.graph[self.parent[q][m]].probability
elif k[m]=='F':
pro*=(1-self.graph[self.parent[q][m]].probability)
pro2*=pro*(1-self.graph[q].probabilityTable[k][0])
pro*=self.graph[q].probabilityTable[k][0]#happening ratio*simulated ratio
nu+=pro
de+=pro2
self.graph[q].probability=nu/(nu+de)
else:
queue.append(q)
async def turn_queue(self, queue_list):
# Might need to revise later.
queue = []
for i in queue_list:
queue.append(i)
stack = []
for i in range(len(queue)):
self.queue_preview = [piece.get_name() for piece in queue]
self.queue_preview.reverse()
current_piece = queue.pop()
print(queue)
self.current_piece = current_piece
# await self.send_current_piece_embed(current_piece)
# add to stack from queue the piece with the highest speed and perform its action one a time
stack.append(current_piece)
if (stack[i].get_hp() > 0):
current_piece.toggle_active()
await self.update_all(conc=True)
await stack[i].get_action(self.duel_helper)
current_piece.toggle_active()
if (self.force_check == True): #For detecting a QUIT early.
print("checking.")
obituary = self.entity_clear(quit=True)
is_end = self.check_game_end(
) #Checks if it is permissible to end the game here.
if is_end:
#Early termination. Will do for now.
self.game_is_active = False
return stack
self.force_check = False
return stack # stack will now contain entity_list from highest to lowest speed
def distance(adj, cost, s, t):
#write your code here
#initialize
max_weight = 1
for weight in cost:
max_weight += sum(weight)
weight = [max_weight for _ in range(len(adj))]
relaxed = [0 for _ in range(len(adj))]
queue = [(0, s)]
weight[s] = 0
#bfs
while queue:
queue.sort()
tempNode = queue.pop(0)[1]
for i, end_node in enumerate(adj[tempNode]):
if relaxed[end_node] != 2:
tweight = cost[tempNode][i] + weight[tempNode]
if weight[end_node] > tweight:
if relaxed[end_node] == 1:
queue.remove((weight[end_node], end_node))
weight[end_node] = tweight
queue.append((weight[end_node], end_node))
relaxed[end_node] = 1
if relaxed[end_node] == 0:
queue.append((weight[end_node], end_node))
relaxed[end_node] = 1
relaxed[tempNode] = 2
if weight[t] < max_weight:
return weight[t]
return -1
def BFS_or_DFS(G, start, goal, bfs):
visited = set()
prev = dict()
prev[start] = None
queue = [start]
while queue:
cur = queue.pop()
visited.add(cur)
if cur == goal:
break
for neighbor in G.neighbors(cur):
if neighbor not in visited:
if bfs:
queue.insert(0, neighbor)
else:
queue.append(neighbor)
prev[neighbor] = cur
path = []
cur = goal
while cur:
path.insert(0, cur)
cur = prev[cur]
return path, list(visited)
def bfs_algorithm(draw,grid,start_pos,end_pos):
visited = [] # List to keep track of visited nodes.
queue = [] # Initialize a queue
visited.append(start_pos)
queue.append(start_pos)
came_from = {}
while queue:
current = queue.pop(0)
current.make_closed()
if current == end_pos:
reconstruct_path(came_from,end_pos,draw)
end_pos.make_end()
return True
for neighbour in current.neighbors:
if neighbour not in visited:
came_from[neighbour] = current
visited.append(neighbour)
neighbour.make_open()
queue.append(neighbour)
draw()
if current != start_pos:
current.make_closed()
return False
def distance(adj, s, t):
#write your code here
#initial params
ini_dis = len(adj) + 1
dis = [ini_dis for _ in range(len(adj))]
visited = [0 for _ in range(len(adj))]
#start node
queue = [s]
dis[s] = 0
d = 0
#bfs
while queue:
time = len(queue)
for _ in range(time):
temp_node = queue.pop(0)
for end_node in adj[temp_node]:
if visited[end_node] == 0:
visited[end_node] = 1
queue.append(end_node)
dis[temp_node] = d
visited[temp_node] = 2
d += 1
if dis[t] < ini_dis:
return dis[t]
return -1
def BFS(self, list, s):
a = 0
visited = [False] * (self._n)
queue = []
edges = []
queue.append(s)
visited[s] = True
while queue:
s = queue.pop(0)
print(s, " ")
list.append(s)
a += 1
for i in self._dictIn[s]:
if visited[i] == False:
edges.append([s, i])
queue.append(i)
visited[i] = True
elif visited[i] == True and [i, s] not in edges:
edges.append([s, i])
print("")
# if (a!=1000):
# print (a)
# print (a)
return [list, edges]
def shortet_paths(adj, cost, s, distance, reachable, shortest):
BellMan_Ford(adj, cost, distance, s, reachable)
ncycle = []
for u in range(len(adj)):
for v, w in zip(adj[u], cost[u]):
if distance[v] > distance[u] + w and distance[u] != 10**19:
distance[v] = distance[u] + w
ncycle.append(v)
if ncycle:
queue = []
visited = [False] * (len(adj))
while ncycle:
s = ncycle.pop(0)
if visited[s] == True:
continue
queue.append(s)
visited[s] = True
shortest[s] = 0
while queue:
t = queue.pop(0)
for u in adj[t]:
if visited[u] == False:
visited[u] = True
shortest[u] = 0
queue.append(u)
pass
def lengthOfLongestSubstring(self, s):
longest = 0
queue = []
for c in s:
if c not in queue:
queue.append(c)
else:
while queue[0] != c:
queue.pop(0)
queue.pop(0)
queue.append(c)
if len(queue) > longest:
longest = len(queue)
return longest
def shortet_paths(adj, cost, s, distance, reachable, shortest):
vertices = len(adj)
distance[s] = 0
reachable[s] = 1
queue = []
visited = [False] * vertices
for _ in range(vertices - 1):
for u in range(vertices):
i = 0 # magic variable
for v in adj[u]:
if distance[v] > distance[u] + cost[u][i]:
distance[v] = distance[u] + cost[u][i]
reachable[v] = 1
i += 1
for u in range(vertices):
i = 0 # magic variable
for v in adj[u]:
if distance[v] > distance[u] + cost[u][i]:
if v not in queue:
queue.append(v)
i += 1
while queue:
u = queue.pop(0)
visited[u] = True
shortest[u] = 0
for v in adj[u]:
if not visited[v] and v not in queue:
queue.append(v)
def add(self, elem):
"""
为树添加节点
:param elem:
:return:
"""
node = TreeNode(elem)
# 如果树是空的，则对根节点赋值
if self.root == None:
self.root = node
else:
queue = list()
queue.append(self.root)
while queue:
# 弹出队列的第一个元素
cur = queue.pop(0)
if cur.left == None:
cur.left = node
return
elif cur.right == None:
cur.right = node
return
else:
# 如果左右子树都不为空，往判断列表加入子树，循环进行子树的判断
queue.append(cur.left)
queue.append(cur.right)
def bfs(tree, start, end, visit):
global count
# maintain a queue of paths
queue = []
# push the first point into the queue
queue.append(start)
print('my start is %s', start)
print('my end is %s', end)
print('bfs finding...')
while queue:
# get the first point from the queue
# print('checking queue')
# print(queue)
node = queue.pop(0)
# print('checking node')
# print(node)
# path found
if node == end:
return
adjacent = tree.get(node)
# print(adjacent)
# print(visit[node[0]][node[1]])
# up, right, down, left, parent[0:up,1:right,2:down,3:left]
if (adjacent[0] == 1) and (visit[node[0] - 1][node[1]] == 0): #UP
# print('if1')
# print(tree.get((1,24)))
newnode = (node[0] - 1, node[1])
queue.append(newnode)
maze_tree[newnode][4] = 2
visit[newnode[0]][newnode[1]] = 1
count = count + 1
if (adjacent[1] == 1) and (visit[node[0]][node[1] + 1] == 0): #right
# print('if2')
# print(tree.get((1,24)))
newnode = (node[0], node[1] + 1)
queue.append(newnode)
maze_tree[newnode][4] = 3
visit[newnode[0]][newnode[1]] = 1
count = count + 1
if (adjacent[2] == 1) and (visit[node[0] + 1][node[1]]) == 0: #down
# print('if3')
# print(tree.get((1,24)))
newnode = (node[0] + 1, node[1])
queue.append(newnode)
maze_tree[newnode][4] = 0
visit[newnode[0]][newnode[1]] = 1
count = count + 1
if (adjacent[3] == 1) and (visit[node[0]][node[1] - 1] == 0): #left
# print('if4')
# print(tree.get((1,24)))
newnode = (node[0], node[1] - 1)
queue.append(newnode)
maze_tree[newnode][4] = 1
visit[newnode[0]][newnode[1]] = 1
count = count + 1
def distance(adj, s, t):
n = len(adj)
queue = []
visited = set()
path = []
queue.append([s])
dist = 0
while (len(queue) > 0):
path = queue.pop(0)
last_vertex = path[-1]
if last_vertex == t:
# print(path)
dist = len(path) - 1
elif last_vertex not in visited:
for w in adj[last_vertex]:
new_path = list(path)
new_path.append((w))
queue.append(new_path)
visited.add(last_vertex)
if dist != 0:
return dist
else:
return -1
def bfs_connected_component(graph, start):
# keep track of all visited nodes
explored = []
# keep track of nodes to be checked
queue = [start]
levels = {} # dictionary to keep track of levels
levels[start] = 0 # depth of start node is 0
visited = [start] # to avoid inserting the same node twice into the queue
# keep looping until there are nodes still to be checked
while queue:
# pop shallowest node (first node) from queue
node = queue.pop(0)
explored.append(node)
neighbours = graph[node]
# add neighbours of node to queue
for neighbour in neighbours:
if neighbour not in visited:
queue.append(neighbour)
visited.append(neighbour)
levels[neighbour] = levels[node] + 1
# print(neighbour, ">>", levels[neighbour])
print(levels)
return explored
def bfs(node, v):
queue = []
v.group = bfs.group
#shortest_path_tree T = empty
search(node, v, queue)
while len(queue) != 0:
w = queue.pop(0)
search(node, node[w], queue)
def bfs(node, v, inf_v): queue = [] v.group = bfs.group #shortest_path_tree T = empty search(node, v, queue) inf_v.append(v.value) # Appending the start point(not in queue). while len(queue) != 0: w = queue.pop(0) inf_v.append(w.value) search(node, w, queue)
def bfs (self, myGraph, start, end):
queue = [(start, [start])]
while queue:
(vertex, path) = queue.pop(0)
try:
for next in myGraph[vertex]:
if next[0] == end:
return path + [next]
else:
queue.append((next, path +[next]))
except KeyError:
continue
def search(start, goal):
queue = StateQueue()
queue.push(Move(start))
while not queue.empty():
current = queue.pop()
# print(current[1].state)
# current[1] is necessary because we put the move object in queue using (f(n), move) tuple
if cmp(current[1].state, goal) == 0:
return current[1]
else:
successors = current[1].move()
for i in successors:
# print("pushed", i.state)
queue.push(i)
return None
def distance(adj, s, t):
queue = []
distance = {k:-1 for k in range(0, len(adj))}
#make s initial node
distance[s] = 0
queue.append(s)
while len(queue):
v = queue.pop(0)
for edge in adj[v]:
if distance[edge] == -1:
distance[edge] = distance[v] + 1
queue.append(edge)
if edge == t:
return distance[edge]
return -1
def bfs(graph, startnode, endnode):
queue = []
queue.append([startnode])
while queue:
path = queue.pop(0)
node = path[-1]
if node == endnode:
return path
for adjacent in graph.get(node, []):
new_path = list(path)
new_path.append(adjacent)
queue.append(new_path)
def BFTravel2list(rootNode):
queue = Queue()
queue.push(rootNode)
lsBlock = []
while queue.isEmpty() == False:
node = queue.pop()
if node.userData == None:
info = DiffInfo()
node.userData = info
node.userData.fingerPrint = buildFingerPrint(node)
lsBlock.append(node)
# print ("%x : %s") % (node.name, node.userData.fingerPrint)
for childOffset in node.children:
childNode = node.children[childOffset]
if childNode.userData == None:
info = DiffInfo()
info.parent = node
childNode.userData = info
queue.push(childNode)
return lsBlock
def work():
tweets,finished = queue.pop(100)
if not tweets: return
db.save(*filter(None,map(analyze, tweets)))
finished()
return len(tweets)
def _client():
item = queue.pop()
if item:
return flask.render_template(item.template, item=item)
return flask.render_template('empty.html')
