def test_collect_short_circuits(self) -> None:
"""Ensure collect does not iterate after an err is reached."""
until_err: t.List[Result[int, str]] = [Ok(1), Ok(2), Err("no")]
def _iterable() -> t.Iterable[Result[int, str]]:
yield from until_err
# If we continue iterating after the err, we will raise a
# runtime Error.
assert False, "Result.collect() did not short circuit on err!"
assert Result.collect(_iterable()) == Err("no")
def insert(self,
key: str,
val: T,
overwrite: bool = False) -> Result[T, str]:
"""Insert the value and return it."""
if key in self._values and not overwrite:
return Err("Key already exists")
self._values[key] = val
return Ok(val)
def test_expect_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test expecting a value to be Ok()."""
exp_exc = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Err(2).expect(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
class TestImplementationDetails:
"""Some implementation details need to be tested."""
def test_nothing_singleton(self) -> None:
"""Ensure Nothing() is a singleton."""
assert Nothing() is Nothing() is Nothing()
@pytest.mark.parametrize("obj", (Some(1), Nothing(), Ok(1), Err(1)))
def test_all_slotted(self, obj: t.Any) -> None:
"""All implementations use __slots__."""
assert not hasattr(obj, "__dict__")
def test_raise_if_err_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test raise_if_err for Err() values."""
exp_exc: t.Type[Exception] = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
input_val = 2
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Err(input_val).raise_if_err(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
assert str(input_val) in str(exc_info.value)
def test_unwrap_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap() raises for an error value."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Err(5).unwrap()
def test_or_multichain(self) -> None:
""".or_() calls can be chained indefinitely."""
err: Result[int, int] = Err(5)
assert err.or_(Err(6)).or_(Err(7)).or_(Ok(8)) == Ok(8)
class TestResultConstructors:
"""Test Result constructors."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"fn, exp",
(
(lambda: 5, Ok(5)),
(lambda: _raises(TypeError), Err(TypeError)),
(Nothing, Ok(Nothing())),
),
)
def test_of(self, fn: t.Callable, exp: Result) -> None:
"""Test getting a result from a callable."""
if exp.is_err():
assert isinstance(Result.of(fn).unwrap_err(), exp.unwrap_err())
else:
assert Result.of(fn) == exp
def test_of_with_args(self) -> None:
"""Test getting a result from a callable with args."""
assert Result.of(lambda x: bool(x > 0), 1).unwrap() is True
def test_of_with_kwargs(self) -> None:
"""Test getting a result from a callable with args."""
def foo(a: int, b: str = None) -> t.Optional[str]:
return b
assert Result.of(foo, 1, b="a").unwrap() == "a"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"iterable, exp",
(
((Ok(1), Ok(2), Ok(3)), Ok((1, 2, 3))),
((Ok(1), Err("no"), Ok(3)), Err("no")),
(iter([Ok(1), Ok(2)]), Ok((1, 2))),
([Err("no")], Err("no")),
([Ok(1)], Ok((1, ))),
([], Ok(())),
),
)
def test_collect(self, iterable: t.Iterable[Result[int, str]],
exp: Result[int, str]) -> None:
"""Test collecting an iterable of results into a single result."""
assert Result.collect(iterable) == exp
def test_collect_short_circuits(self) -> None:
"""Ensure collect does not iterate after an err is reached."""
until_err: t.List[Result[int, str]] = [Ok(1), Ok(2), Err("no")]
def _iterable() -> t.Iterable[Result[int, str]]:
yield from until_err
# If we continue iterating after the err, we will raise a
# runtime Error.
assert False, "Result.collect() did not short circuit on err!"
assert Result.collect(_iterable()) == Err("no")
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"predicate, val, exp",
(
(lambda x: x is True, True, Ok(True)),
(lambda x: x is True, False, Err(False)),
(lambda x: x > 0, 1, Ok(1)),
(lambda x: x > 0, -2, Err(-2)),
),
)
def test_ok_if(self, predicate: t.Callable, val: t.Any,
exp: Result) -> None:
"""Test constructing based on some predicate."""
assert Result.ok_if(predicate, val) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"predicate, val, exp",
(
(lambda x: x is True, True, Err(True)),
(lambda x: x is True, False, Ok(False)),
(lambda x: x > 0, 1, Err(1)),
(lambda x: x > 0, -2, Ok(-2)),
),
)
def test_err_if(self, predicate: t.Callable, val: t.Any,
exp: Result) -> None:
"""Test constructing based on some predicate."""
assert Result.err_if(predicate, val) == exp
def test_is_ok(self) -> None:
"""Ok() returns true for is_ok()."""
assert Ok(1).is_ok()
assert not Err(1).is_ok()
def _validate_length(self, string: str) -> Result[str, str]:
"""Check that all the strings are of the proper length."""
if len(string) < self.MIN_LEN:
return Err("String is too short")
return Ok(string)
class TestOption:
"""Test the option type."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Some(2), Nothing(), Nothing()),
(Nothing(), Some(2), Nothing()),
(Some(1), Some(2), Some(2)),
(Nothing(), Nothing(), Nothing()),
),
)
def test_and(self, left: Option[int], right: Option[int],
exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Returns Some() if both options are Some()."""
assert left.and_(right) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Some(2), Nothing(), Some(2)),
(Nothing(), Some(2), Some(2)),
(Some(1), Some(2), Some(1)),
(Nothing(), Nothing(), Nothing()),
),
)
def test_or(self, left: Option[int], right: Option[int],
exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Returns Some() if either or both is Some()."""
assert left.or_(right) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Some(2), Nothing(), Some(2)),
(Nothing(), Some(2), Some(2)),
(Some(1), Some(2), Nothing()),
(Nothing(), Nothing(), Nothing()),
),
)
def test_xor(self, left: Option[int], right: Option[int],
exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Returns Some() IFF only one option is Some()."""
assert left.xor(right) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, first, second, exp",
(
(Some(2), _sq, _sq, Some(16)),
(Some(2), _sq, _nothing, Nothing()),
(Some(2), _nothing, _sq, Nothing()),
(Nothing(), _sq, _sq, Nothing()),
),
)
def test_and_then(
self,
start: Option[int],
first: t.Callable[[int], Option[int]],
second: t.Callable[[int], Option[int]],
exp: Option[int],
) -> None:
"""Chains option-generating functions if results are `Some`."""
assert start.and_then(first).and_then(second) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, fn, exp",
(
(Some("one"), lambda: Some("one else"), Some("one")),
(Nothing(), lambda: Some("one else"), Some("one else")),
(Nothing(), lambda: Nothing(), Nothing()),
),
)
def test_or_else(
self,
start: Option[str],
fn: t.Callable[[], Option[str]],
exp: Option[str],
) -> None:
"""Chains option-generating functions if results are `None`."""
assert start.or_else(fn) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_expect_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Can specify exception msg/cls if value is not Some()."""
exp_exc = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Nothing().expect(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
def test_expect_not_raising(self) -> None:
"""Expecting on a Some() returns the value."""
assert Some("hello").expect("not what I expected") == "hello"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, exp",
((Nothing(), Nothing()), (Some(3), Nothing()), (Some(4), Some(4))),
)
def test_filter(self, start: Option[int], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""A satisfied predicate returns `Some()`, otherwise `None()`."""
def is_even(val: int) -> bool:
return val % 2 == 0
assert start.filter(is_even) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Nothing(), True), (Some(1), False)))
def test_is_nothing(self, opt: Option[int], exp: bool) -> None:
""""Nothings() are nothing, Some()s are not."""
assert opt.is_nothing() is exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Nothing(), False), (Some(1), True)))
def test_is_some(self, opt: Option[int], exp: bool) -> None:
""""Nothings() are nothing, Some()s are not."""
assert opt.is_some() is exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Nothing(), ()), (Some(5), (5, ))))
def test_iter(self, opt: Option[int], exp: t.Tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
"""Iterating on a Some() yields the Some(); on a None() nothing."""
assert tuple(opt.iter()) == tuple(iter(opt)) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Some("hello"), Some(5)),
(Nothing(), Nothing())))
def test_map(self, opt: Option[str], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Maps fn() onto `Some()` to make a new option, or ignores None()."""
assert opt.map(len) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Some("hello"), 5), (Nothing(), -1)))
def test_map_or(self, opt: Option[str], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Maps fn() onto `Some()` & return the value, or return a default."""
assert opt.map_or(-1, lambda s: len(s)) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Some("hello"), 5), (Nothing(), -1)))
def test_map_or_else(self, opt: Option[str], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
"""Maps fn() onto `Some()` & return the value, or return a default."""
assert opt.map_or_else(lambda: -1, lambda s: len(s)) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp",
((Some(2), Ok(2)), (Nothing(), Err("oh no"))))
def test_ok_or(self, opt: Option[str], exp: Result[str, int]) -> None:
"""Map `Some(t)` to `Ok(t)`, or `Nothing()` to an `Err()`."""
assert opt.ok_or("oh no") == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp",
((Some(2), Ok(2)), (Nothing(), Err("oh no"))))
def test_ok_or_else(self, opt: Option[str], exp: Result[str, int]) -> None:
"""Map `Some(t)` to `Ok(t)`, or `Nothing()` to an `Err()`."""
assert opt.ok_or_else(lambda: "oh no") == exp
def test_unwrap_raising(self) -> None:
"""Unwraping a Nothing() raises an error."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Nothing().unwrap()
def test_unwrap_success(self) -> None:
"""Unwrapping a Some() returns the wrapped value."""
assert Some("thing").unwrap() == "thing"
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Some(2), 2), (Nothing(), 42)))
def test_unwrap_or(self, opt: Option[int], exp: int) -> None:
"""Unwraps a `Some()` or returns a default."""
assert opt.unwrap_or(42) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("opt, exp", ((Some(2), 2), (Nothing(), 42)))
def test_unwrap_or_else(self, opt: Option[int], exp: int) -> None:
"""Unwraps a `Some()` or returns a default."""
assert opt.unwrap_or_else(lambda: 42) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"inst, other, eq",
(
(Some(1), Some(1), True),
(Some(1), Some(2), False),
(Some(1), Nothing(), False),
(Some(1), 1, False),
(Nothing(), Nothing(), True),
(Nothing(), Some(1), False),
(Nothing(), None, False),
),
)
def test_equality_inequality(self, inst: t.Any, other: t.Any,
eq: bool) -> None:
"""Test equality and inequality of results."""
assert (inst == other) is eq
assert (inst != other) is not eq
def test_stringify(self) -> None:
"""Repr and str representations are equivalent."""
assert repr(Some(1)) == str(Some(1)) == "Some(1)"
assert repr(Nothing()) == str(Nothing()) == "Nothing()"
def _err(val: int) -> Result[int, int]:
"""Return an error."""
return Err(val)
def test_flatmap(self) -> None:
"""Flatmap is an alias for and_then"""
ok: Result[int, int] = Ok(2)
err: Result[int, int] = Err(2)
assert ok.flatmap(_sq) == Ok(4)
assert err.flatmap(_sq) == Err(2)
def _validate_substring(self, string: str) -> Result[str, str]:
"""Check the string has the required substring."""
if self.MUST_CONTAIN not in string:
return Err(f"String did not contain '{self.MUST_CONTAIN}'")
return Ok(string)
class TestResult:
"""Test the result type."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Ok(2), Err("late error"), Err("late error")),
(Err("early error"), Ok(2), Err("early error")),
(Err("early error"), Err("late error"), Err("early error")),
(Ok(2), Ok(3), Ok(3)),
),
)
def test_and(
self,
left: Result[int, str],
right: Result[int, str],
exp: Result[int, str],
) -> None:
"""Test that `and` returns an alternative for `Ok` values."""
assert left.and_(right) == exp
def test_and_multichain(self) -> None:
""".and() calls can be chained indefinitely."""
assert Ok(2).and_(Ok(3)).and_(Ok(4)).and_(Ok(5)) == Ok(5)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, first, second, exp",
(
(Ok(2), _sq, _sq, Ok(16)),
(Ok(2), _sq, _err, Err(4)),
(Ok(2), _err, _sq, Err(2)),
(Ok(2), _err, _err, Err(2)),
(Err(3), _sq, _sq, Err(3)),
),
)
def test_and_then(
self,
start: Result[int, int],
first: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
second: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
exp: Result[int, int],
) -> None:
"""Test that and_then chains result-generating functions."""
assert start.and_then(first).and_then(second) == exp
def test_flatmap(self) -> None:
"""Flatmap is an alias for and_then"""
ok: Result[int, int] = Ok(2)
err: Result[int, int] = Err(2)
assert ok.flatmap(_sq) == Ok(4)
assert err.flatmap(_sq) == Err(2)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, first, second, exp",
(
(Ok(2), _sq, _sq, Ok(2)),
(Ok(2), _err, _sq, Ok(2)),
(Err(3), _sq, _err, Ok(9)),
(Err(3), _err, _err, Err(3)),
),
)
def test_or_else(
self,
start: Result[int, int],
first: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
second: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
exp: Result[int, int],
) -> None:
"""Test that and_then chains result-generating functions."""
assert start.or_else(first).or_else(second) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(2), Nothing()), (Err("err"), Some("err"))))
def test_err(self, start: Result[int, str], exp: Option[str]) -> None:
"""Test converting a result to an option."""
assert start.err() == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_expect_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test expecting a value to be Ok()."""
exp_exc = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Err(2).expect(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
def test_expect_ok(self) -> None:
"""Expecting an Ok() value returns the value."""
assert Ok(2).expect("err") == 2
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_expect_err_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test expecting a value to be Ok()."""
exp_exc = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Ok(2).expect_err(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
def test_expect_err_err(self) -> None:
"""Expecting an Ok() value returns the value."""
assert Err(2).expect_err("err") == 2
def test_is_err(self) -> None:
"""Err() returns true for is_err()."""
assert Err(1).is_err()
assert not Ok(1).is_err()
def test_is_ok(self) -> None:
"""Ok() returns true for is_ok()."""
assert Ok(1).is_ok()
assert not Err(1).is_ok()
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp", ((Ok(1), (1, )), (Err(1), ())))
def test_iter(self, start: Result[int, int], exp: t.Tuple[int,
...]) -> None:
"""iter() returns a 1-member iterator on Ok(), 0-member for Err()."""
assert tuple(start.iter()) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(2), Ok(4)), (Err("foo"), Err("foo"))))
def test_map(self, start: Result[int, str], exp: Result[int, str]) -> None:
""".map() will map onto Ok() and ignore Err()."""
assert start.map(lambda x: int(x**2)) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok("foo"), Ok("foo")), (Err(2), Err("2"))))
def test_map_err(self, start: Result[str, int], exp: Result[str,
str]) -> None:
""".map_err() will map onto Err() and ignore Ok()."""
assert start.map_err(str) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(1), Some(1)), (Err(1), Nothing())))
def test_ok(self, start: Result[int, int], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
""".ok() converts a result to an Option."""
assert start.ok() == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Ok(5), Ok(6), Ok(5)),
(Ok(5), Err(6), Ok(5)),
(Err(5), Ok(6), Ok(6)),
(Err(5), Err(6), Err(6)),
),
)
def test_or(
self,
left: Result[int, str],
right: Result[int, str],
exp: Result[int, str],
) -> None:
""".or_() returns the first available non-err value."""
assert left.or_(right) == exp
def test_or_multichain(self) -> None:
""".or_() calls can be chained indefinitely."""
err: Result[int, int] = Err(5)
assert err.or_(Err(6)).or_(Err(7)).or_(Ok(8)) == Ok(8)
def test_unwrap_is_ok(self) -> None:
""".unwrap() returns an ok() value."""
assert Ok(5).unwrap() == 5
def test_unwrap_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap() raises for an error value."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Err(5).unwrap()
def test_unwrap_err_is_ok(self) -> None:
""".unwrap_err() raises for an ok value."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Ok(5).unwrap_err()
def test_unwrap_err_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap_err() returns an error value."""
assert Err(5).unwrap_err() == 5
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, alt, exp",
((Ok(5), 6, 5), (Err(5), 6, 6)))
def test_unwrap_or(self, start: Result[int, int], alt: int,
exp: int) -> None:
""".unwrap_or() provides the default if the result is Err()."""
assert start.unwrap_or(alt) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, fn, exp",
((Ok(5), lambda i: i + 2, 5), (Err(5), lambda i: i + 2, 7)),
)
def test_unwrap_or_else(self, start: Result[int, int],
fn: t.Callable[[int], int], exp: int) -> None:
"""Calculates a result from Err() value if present."""
assert start.unwrap_or_else(fn) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"inst, other, eq",
(
(Ok(1), Ok(1), True),
(Ok(1), Ok(2), False),
(Ok(1), Err(1), False),
(Ok(1), 1, False),
(Err(1), Err(1), True),
(Err(1), Err(2), False),
(Err(1), Ok(1), False),
(Err(1), 1, False),
),
)
def test_equality_inequality(self, inst: t.Any, other: t.Any,
eq: bool) -> None:
"""Test equality and inequality of results."""
assert (inst == other) is eq
assert (inst != other) is not eq
def test_stringify(self) -> None:
"""Repr and str representations are equivalent."""
assert repr(Ok(1)) == str(Ok(1)) == "Ok(1)"
assert repr(Err(1)) == str(Err(1)) == "Err(1)"
def _validate_end_char(self, string: str) -> Result[str, str]:
"""Check the string ends with a period."""
if len(string) > 0 and string[-1] != ".":
return Err("String does not end with a period")
return Ok(string)
def _validate_capitalized(self, string: str) -> Result[str, str]:
"""Check that the starting character is a capital."""
if len(string) > 0 and not string[0].isupper():
return Err("Starting character is not uppercase.")
return Ok(string)
def _validate_chars(self, string: str) -> Result[str, str]:
"""Check that none of the strings have disallowed chars."""
if set(string).intersection(set(self.DISALLOWED_CHARS)):
return Err("String has disallowed chars")
return Ok(string)
def test_unwrap_err_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap_err() returns an error value."""
assert Err(5).unwrap_err() == 5
def process_int(i: int) -> Result[MyInt, RuntimeError]:
return Err(RuntimeError(f"it broke {i}"))
def test_stringify(self) -> None:
"""Repr and str representations are equivalent."""
assert repr(Ok(1)) == str(Ok(1)) == "Ok(1)"
assert repr(Err(1)) == str(Err(1)) == "Err(1)"
def test_expect_err_err(self) -> None:
"""Expecting an Ok() value returns the value."""
assert Err(2).expect_err("err") == 2
async def try_download(id, url):
try:
response = await asks.get(url)
return Ok((id, response.text))
except Exception as err:
return Err(err)
def test_is_err(self) -> None:
"""Err() returns true for is_err()."""
assert Err(1).is_err()
assert not Ok(1).is_err()
class TestResult:
"""Test the result type."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Ok(2), Err("late error"), Err("late error")),
(Err("early error"), Ok(2), Err("early error")),
(Err("early error"), Err("late error"), Err("early error")),
(Ok(2), Ok(3), Ok(3)),
),
)
def test_and(
self,
left: Result[int, str],
right: Result[int, str],
exp: Result[int, str],
) -> None:
"""Test that `and` returns an alternative for `Ok` values."""
assert left.and_(right) == exp
def test_and_multichain(self) -> None:
""".and() calls can be chained indefinitely."""
assert Ok(2).and_(Ok(3)).and_(Ok(4)).and_(Ok(5)) == Ok(5)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, first, second, exp",
(
(Ok(2), _sq, _sq, Ok(16)),
(Ok(2), _sq, _err, Err(4)),
(Ok(2), _err, _sq, Err(2)),
(Ok(2), _err, _err, Err(2)),
(Err(3), _sq, _sq, Err(3)),
),
)
def test_and_then(
self,
start: Result[int, int],
first: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
second: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
exp: Result[int, int],
) -> None:
"""Test that and_then chains result-generating functions."""
assert start.and_then(first).and_then(second) == exp
def test_and_then_covariance(self) -> None:
"""Covariant errors are acceptable for flatmapping."""
class MyInt(int):
"""A subclass of int."""
def process_int(i: int) -> Result[MyInt, RuntimeError]:
return Err(RuntimeError(f"it broke {i}"))
start: Result[int, Exception] = Ok(5)
# We can flatmap w/a function that takes any covariant type of
# int or Exception. The result remains the original exception type,
# since we cannot guarantee narrowing to the covariant type.
flatmapped: Result[int, Exception] = start.and_then(process_int)
assert flatmapped
def test_flatmap(self) -> None:
"""Flatmap is an alias for and_then"""
ok: Result[int, int] = Ok(2)
err: Result[int, int] = Err(2)
assert ok.flatmap(_sq) == Ok(4)
assert err.flatmap(_sq) == Err(2)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, first, second, exp",
(
(Ok(2), _sq, _sq, Ok(2)),
(Ok(2), _err, _sq, Ok(2)),
(Err(3), _sq, _err, Ok(9)),
(Err(3), _err, _err, Err(3)),
),
)
def test_or_else(
self,
start: Result[int, int],
first: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
second: t.Callable[[int], Result[int, int]],
exp: Result[int, int],
) -> None:
"""Test that and_then chains result-generating functions."""
assert start.or_else(first).or_else(second) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(2), Nothing()), (Err("err"), Some("err"))))
def test_err(self, start: Result[int, str], exp: Option[str]) -> None:
"""Test converting a result to an option."""
assert start.err() == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_expect_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test expecting a value to be Ok()."""
exp_exc: t.Type[Exception] = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
input_val = 2
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Err(input_val).expect(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
assert str(input_val) in str(exc_info.value)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_raise_if_err_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test raise_if_err for Err() values."""
exp_exc: t.Type[Exception] = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
input_val = 2
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Err(input_val).raise_if_err(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
assert str(input_val) in str(exc_info.value)
def test_expect_ok(self) -> None:
"""Expecting an Ok() value returns the value."""
assert Ok(2).expect("err") == 2
def test_raise_if_err_ok(self) -> None:
"""Raise_if_err returns the value when given an Ok() value."""
assert Ok(2).raise_if_err("err") == 2
@pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_cls", (None, IOError))
def test_expect_err_raising(self, exc_cls: t.Type[Exception]) -> None:
"""Test expecting a value to be Ok()."""
exp_exc: t.Type[Exception] = exc_cls if exc_cls else RuntimeError
kwargs = {"exc_cls": exc_cls} if exc_cls else {}
msg = "not what I expected"
with pytest.raises(exp_exc) as exc_info:
Ok(2).expect_err(msg, **kwargs)
assert msg in str(exc_info.value)
def test_expect_err_err(self) -> None:
"""Expecting an Ok() value returns the value."""
assert Err(2).expect_err("err") == 2
def test_is_err(self) -> None:
"""Err() returns true for is_err()."""
assert Err(1).is_err()
assert not Ok(1).is_err()
def test_is_ok(self) -> None:
"""Ok() returns true for is_ok()."""
assert Ok(1).is_ok()
assert not Err(1).is_ok()
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp", ((Ok(1), (1, )), (Err(1), ())))
def test_iter(self, start: Result[int, int], exp: t.Tuple[int,
...]) -> None:
"""iter() returns a 1-member iterator on Ok(), 0-member for Err()."""
assert tuple(start.iter()) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(2), Ok(4)), (Err("foo"), Err("foo"))))
def test_map(self, start: Result[int, str], exp: Result[int, str]) -> None:
""".map() will map onto Ok() and ignore Err()."""
assert start.map(lambda x: int(x**2)) == exp
def test_map_covariance(self) -> None:
"""The input type to the map fn is covariant."""
class MyStr(str):
"""Subclass of str."""
def to_mystr(string: str) -> MyStr:
return MyStr(string) if not isinstance(string, MyStr) else string
start: Result[str, str] = Ok("foo")
# We can assign the result to [str, str] even though we know it's
# actually a MyStr, since MyStr is covariant with str
end: Result[str, str] = start.map(to_mystr)
assert end == Ok(MyStr("foo"))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok("foo"), Ok("foo")), (Err(2), Err("2"))))
def test_map_err(self, start: Result[str, int], exp: Result[str,
str]) -> None:
""".map_err() will map onto Err() and ignore Ok()."""
assert start.map_err(str) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, exp",
((Ok(1), Some(1)), (Err(1), Nothing())))
def test_ok(self, start: Result[int, int], exp: Option[int]) -> None:
""".ok() converts a result to an Option."""
assert start.ok() == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"left, right, exp",
(
(Ok(5), Ok(6), Ok(5)),
(Ok(5), Err(6), Ok(5)),
(Err(5), Ok(6), Ok(6)),
(Err(5), Err(6), Err(6)),
),
)
def test_or(
self,
left: Result[int, str],
right: Result[int, str],
exp: Result[int, str],
) -> None:
""".or_() returns the first available non-err value."""
assert left.or_(right) == exp
def test_or_multichain(self) -> None:
""".or_() calls can be chained indefinitely."""
err: Result[int, int] = Err(5)
assert err.or_(Err(6)).or_(Err(7)).or_(Ok(8)) == Ok(8)
def test_unwrap_is_ok(self) -> None:
""".unwrap() returns an ok() value."""
assert Ok(5).unwrap() == 5
def test_unwrap_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap() raises for an error value."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Err(5).unwrap()
def test_unwrap_err_is_ok(self) -> None:
""".unwrap_err() raises for an ok value."""
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
Ok(5).unwrap_err()
def test_unwrap_err_is_err(self) -> None:
""".unwrap_err() returns an error value."""
assert Err(5).unwrap_err() == 5
@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, alt, exp",
((Ok(5), 6, 5), (Err(5), 6, 6)))
def test_unwrap_or(self, start: Result[int, int], alt: int,
exp: int) -> None:
""".unwrap_or() provides the default if the result is Err()."""
assert start.unwrap_or(alt) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"start, fn, exp",
((Ok(5), lambda i: i + 2, 5), (Err(5), lambda i: i + 2, 7)),
)
def test_unwrap_or_else(self, start: Result[int, int],
fn: t.Callable[[int], int], exp: int) -> None:
"""Calculates a result from Err() value if present."""
assert start.unwrap_or_else(fn) == exp
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"inst, other, eq",
(
(Ok(1), Ok(1), True),
(Ok(1), Ok(2), False),
(Ok(1), Err(1), False),
(Ok(1), 1, False),
(Err(1), Err(1), True),
(Err(1), Err(2), False),
(Err(1), Ok(1), False),
(Err(1), 1, False),
),
)
def test_equality_inequality(self, inst: t.Any, other: t.Any,
eq: bool) -> None:
"""Test equality and inequality of results."""
assert (inst == other) is eq
assert (inst != other) is not eq
def test_stringify(self) -> None:
"""Repr and str representations are equivalent."""
assert repr(Ok(1)) == str(Ok(1)) == "Ok(1)"
assert repr(Err(1)) == str(Err(1)) == "Err(1)"
def connect(self, fail: bool = False) -> Result["MonadicDataStore", str]:
if fail:
return Err("failed to connect")
return Ok(self)