def recur_traversal(output1, output2, sample, mu, n):
if (sample.left == None) & (sample.right == None):
if n == 1:
output1 = output1 + str(sample.identity) + ':{0:.{1}f}'.format(sample.time, 10)
sample.mutations = poisson.rvs(mu * sample.time)
output2 = output2 + str(sample.identity) + ':' + str(sample.mutations)
return output1, output2
else:
output2 = output2 + str(sample.identity) + ':' + str(sample.mutations)
return output1, output2
current = sample.right
output1, output2 = recur_traversal((output1 + '('), (output2 + '('), current, mu, n)
if n > 1:
current, children_list = update_children(current, current.children_list)
current.children_list = children_list
while current.next != sample.left:
current = current.next
output1, output2 = recur_traversal(output1 + ', ', output2 + ', ' , current, mu, n)
if n > 1:
current, children_list = update_children(current, current.children_list)
current.children_list = children_list
current = sample.left
output1, output2 = recur_traversal((output1 + ', '), (output2 + ', '), current, mu, n)
if n == 1:
output1 = output1 + ')' + str(sample.identity) + ':{0:.{1}f}'.format(sample.time, 10)
sample.mutations = poisson.rvs(mu * sample.time)
output2 = output2 + ')' + str(sample.identity) + ':' + str(sample.mutations)
current, children_list = update_children(current, current.children_list)
current.children_list = children_list
else:
output2 = output2 + ')'
if sample.mutations > 0:
output2 = output2 + str(sample.identity) + ':' + str(sample.mutations)
return output1, output2
def __poisson_churn(self):
while True:
delay = poisson.rvs(self.__poisson_online_mu)
if self._community is None:
if __debug__:
dprint("poisson wants us online for the next ", delay, " seconds")
self.log("scenario-poisson", state="online", duration=delay)
self._community = self.community_class.load_community(
self._master_member, *self.community_args, **self.community_kargs
)
else:
if __debug__:
dprint("poisson wants us online for the next ", delay, " seconds (we are already online)")
self.log("scenario-poisson", state="stay-online", duration=delay)
yield float(delay)
delay = poisson.rvs(self.__poisson_offline_mu)
if self._community is None:
if __debug__:
dprint("poisson wants us offline for the next ", delay, " seconds (we are already offline)")
self.log("scenario-poisson", state="stay-offline", duration=delay)
else:
if __debug__:
dprint("poisson wants us offline for the next ", delay, " seconds")
self.log("scenario-poisson", state="offline", duration=delay)
self._community.unload_community()
self._community = None
yield float(delay)
def initialize_d(X,Y,lbda,eta,lhs_len,maxlhs,nruleslen, Volume, Y2length):
m = Inf
while m>=len(X):
m = poisson.rvs(lbda) #sample the length of the list from Poisson(lbda), truncated at len(X)
#prepare the list
d_t = []
empty_rulelens = [r for r in range(1,maxlhs+1) if r not in nruleslen]
used_rules = []
for i in range(m):
#Sample a rule size.
r = 0
while r==0 or r > maxlhs or r in empty_rulelens:
r = poisson.rvs(eta) #Sample the rule size from Poisson(eta), truncated at 0 and maxlhs and not using empty rule lens
#Now sample a rule of that size uniformly at random
rule_cands = [j for j,lhslen in enumerate(lhs_len) if lhslen == r and j not in used_rules]
random.shuffle(rule_cands)
j = rule_cands[0]
#And add it in
d_t.append(j)
used_rules.append(j)
assert lhs_len[j] == r
if len(rule_cands) == 1:
empty_rulelens.append(r)
#Done adding rules. We have added m rules. Finish up.
d_t.append(0) #all done
d_t.extend([i for i in range(len(X)) if i not in d_t])
R_t = d_t.index(0)
assert R_t == m
#Figure out what rules are used to classify what points
N_t, Volume_t = compute_rule_usage(d_t,R_t,X,Y, Volume, Y2length)
return d_t,R_t,N_t, Volume_t
def recurTraversal(mean_sep_time, sample):
#base case
global total_branch_length, total_mutations
weight = 0;
if (sample.left == None) & (sample.right == None):
total_branch_length += sample.time
identity = str(sample.getIdentity())
if not 'A' in identity:
k = 1
else:
k = len(sample.descendent_list)
weight = ( k * (sample_size - k)) / comb(sample_size, 2);
mean_sep_time = mean_sep_time + (weight * sample.time);
sample.mutations = poisson.rvs(mu * sample.time)
total_mutations += sample.getMutations()
return mean_sep_time
mean_sep_time = recurTraversal(mean_sep_time, sample.right)
current = sample.right
while current.next != None:
mean_sep_time = recurTraversal(mean_sep_time, current.next)
current = current.next
total_branch_length += sample.time
identity = str(sample.getIdentity())
if not 'A' in identity:
k = 1
else:
k = len(sample.descendent_list)
weight = ( k * (sample_size - k)) / comb(sample_size, 2);
mean_sep_time = mean_sep_time + (weight * sample.time);
sample.mutations = poisson.rvs(mu * sample.time)
total_mutations += sample.getMutations()
return mean_sep_time
def __poisson_churn(self):
while True:
delay = float(poisson.rvs(self.__poisson_online_mu))
self.scenario_churn("online", delay)
yield delay
delay = float(poisson.rvs(self.__poisson_offline_mu))
self.scenario_churn("offline", delay)
yield delay
def simulateNexcess(self, expBkg, alpha, numSim = 1, flux = False, Tobs = 1.):
"""
Simulate the number of excess events in each energy bin.
The expected number of signal events is calculated by nPhotBin and stored in self.nPhot, the energy bin bounds are given in self.EbinBounds.
Arguments
---------
expBkg: n-dim array (same energy bins as self.nPhot), expected number of background counts
alpha: float, ratio between ON and OFF exposure
kwargs
------
numSim: integer, number of simulations
flux: boolean, if true, return simulated number of counts divided by exposure / effective area and bin width
Tobs: float, observation time in seconds (if exposure is given instead of effective area, this should be one, default = 1.)
Returns:
--------
(numSim x EbinBounds.shape[0]) - dim array with poissonian random numbers for the excess events
(2 x numSim x EbinBounds.shape[0]) - dim array with lo, up errors for poissonian random numbers for the excess events
(numSim x EbinBounds.shape[0]) - dim masked array with Li & Ma significances, mask: (fON > 0.) & (fOFF > 0.)
"""
dummy = np.ones(numSim) # dummy array for right shape
nn,dd = meshgrid(self.nPhot,dummy) # nn: numsim x self.nPhot.shape dim array with self.nPhot in each row
bb,dd = meshgrid(expBkg,dummy) # nn: numsim x self.nPhot.shape dim array with self.nPhot in each row
fON = poisson.rvs(nn + bb) # do the random number generation
fOFF = poisson.rvs(bb / alpha) # do the random number generation
fExcess = fON - alpha * fOFF
# S = np.ma.masked_array(li_ma(np.ma.masked_array(fON, mask = fON <= 0.),
# np.ma.masked_array(fOFF, mask = fON <= 0.),alpha),
# mask = (fON <= 0.) & (fOFF <= 0.)
# )
S = li_ma(fON * (fON > 0.) + 1e-5 * (fON <= 0.),
fOFF * (fOFF > 0.) + 1e-5 * (fOFF <= 0.),alpha)
maskON = fON > self.GAUSL
maskOFF = fOFF > self.GAUSL
dfExcess = np.array([
sqrt((fON * maskON + self.poisLo[fON.astype(int) * invert(maskON)] * invert(maskON) ) + \
alpha**2. * (fOFF * maskOFF + self.poisLo[fOFF.astype(int) * invert(maskOFF)] * invert(maskOFF) )),
sqrt((fON * maskON + self.poisUp[fON.astype(int) * invert(maskON)] * invert(maskON) ) + \
alpha**2. * (fOFF * maskOFF + self.poisUp[fOFF.astype(int) * invert(maskOFF)] * invert(maskOFF) ))
])
if flux:
return fExcess / self.dEbin / self.expAve / Tobs, dfExcess / self.dEbin / self.expAve / Tobs, S
else:
dfExcess = sqrt(fON + alpha**2. * fOFF)
return fExcess , dfExcess, S
def _poisson_distribution(self, first_occupation_moment, seed=None, **kwargs):
""" Poisson distribution used to draw Monte Carlo occupation statistics
for satellite-like populations in which per-halo abundances are unbounded.
Parameters
----------
first_occupation_moment : array
Array giving the first moment of the occupation distribution function.
seed : int, optional
Random number seed used to generate the Monte Carlo realization.
Default is None.
Returns
-------
mc_abundance : array
Integer array giving the number of galaxies in each of the input table.
"""
np.random.seed(seed=seed)
# The scipy built-in Poisson number generator raises an exception
# if its input is zero, so here we impose a simple workaround
first_occupation_moment = np.where(first_occupation_moment <=0,
model_defaults.default_tiny_poisson_fluctuation, first_occupation_moment)
result = poisson.rvs(first_occupation_moment)
if 'table' in kwargs:
kwargs['table']['halo_num_'+self.gal_type] = result
return result
def simulate_data(self):
"""
Do Poisson simulation of data according to scattering model's dR/dQ.
"""
Nexpected = self.model_N
if Nexpected > 0:
npts = 10000
Nevents = poisson.rvs(Nexpected)
Qgrid = np.linspace(self.experiment.Qmin,self.experiment.Qmax,npts)
efficiency = self.experiment.efficiency(Qgrid)
pdf = self.model.dRdQ(Qgrid,**self.dRdQ_params) * efficiency / self.model_R
cdf = pdf.cumsum()
cdf /= cdf.max()
u = random.rand(Nevents)
Q = np.zeros(Nevents)
for i in np.arange(Nevents):
Q[i] = Qgrid[np.absolute(cdf - u[i]).argmin()]
else:
Q = np.array([])
Nevents = 0
Nexpected = 0
if not self.silent:
print "simulated: %i events (expected %.0f)." % (Nevents,Nexpected)
return Q
def _fast_sample(self,Mrange,zrange,p,**kwargs):
verbose = kwargs.pop('verbose',0)
if verbose > 1:
print('using fast sample for QLF')
skyfrac = kwargs.get('skyArea',skyDeg2) / skyDeg2
eps_M,eps_z = 0.05,0.10
magLimPad = 0.2
full_Mrange = Mrange(zrange)
nM = int(-np.diff(full_Mrange) / eps_M)
nz = int(np.diff(zrange) / eps_z)
Medges = np.linspace(full_Mrange[0],full_Mrange[1],nM)
zedges = np.linspace(zrange[0],zrange[1],nz)
# XXX shouldn't assume evenly spaced bins here
dM = -np.diff(Medges)[0]
dz = np.diff(zedges)[0]
Mbins = Medges[:-1] + np.diff(Medges)/2
zbins = zedges[:-1] + np.diff(zedges)/2
Mlim_z = np.array([ Mrange(z)[0] for z in zbins ])
dVdzdO = self.cosmo.differential_comoving_volume(zbins).value
V_ij = dVdzdO * dz * dM * skyfrac * 4*np.pi
Mi,zj = np.meshgrid(Mbins,zbins,indexing='ij')
Phi_ij = self.Phi(Mi,zj)
N_ij = Phi_ij * V_ij
N_ij = poisson.rvs(N_ij)
N_ij[Mi>Mlim_z+magLimPad] = 0
ij = np.where(N_ij > 0)
Mz = [ ( np.repeat(M,n), np.repeat(z,n) )
for M,z,n in zip(Mi[ij],zj[ij],N_ij[ij]) ]
M,z = np.hstack(Mz)
M += dM * (np.random.rand(len(M)) - 0.5)
z += dz * (np.random.rand(len(M)) - 0.5)
if verbose > 1:
print('to generate {} quasars'.format(len(M)))
return M,z
def get_random_map(template):
'''
Gets an event map with integer entries from non-integer entries
(in general) in the template, varied according to Poisson
statistics.
'''
return poisson.rvs(template)
def _generate_sample_from_state(self, state, random_state=None):
res = []
for dim in range(self.n_features):
erg = round(sum([poisson.rvs(self.p[dim][comp][state]) * self.c[dim][comp][state] for comp in range(self.distr_magnitude)]))
res.append(erg)
return np.array(res)
def __init__(self, numCustomers=100):
"""Initializes the simulation."""
self.numCustomers = numCustomers
self.customers = []
# initialize State Variables
self.clock = 0
self.Idle = 0
self.Busy = 1
self.s1 = self.Idle
self.s2 = self.Idle
self.q1 = 0
self.q2 = 0
### additional values to be tracked during simulation
# average waiting time for all customers
self.averageWaitingTime = 0
self.averageQ1Time = 0
self.averageQ2Time = 0
# avg waiting time for customers who wait
self.averageWaitTimeWhoWait = 0
self.averageQ1TimeWait = 0
self.averageQ2TimeWait = 0
# average service time for all customers
self.averageServiceTime = 0
self.averageService1Time = 0
self.averageService2Time = 0
# avg interarrival time for all customers
self.averageInterarrrivalTime = 0
# avg total system time for all customers
self.averageSystemTime = 0
# probability a customer has to wait
self.waitProbability = 0
# percentage of time server is idle
self.idleProbability = 0
# queue sizes at the moment each customer arrived
self.q1sizes = {}
self.q2sizes = {}
### generate values for random variables
self.interarrivalTimeValues = poisson.rvs(4, 0, size=numCustomers).tolist()
self.serviceTime1Values = expon.rvs(6, size=numCustomers).tolist()
self.serviceTime2Values = expon.rvs(8, size=numCustomers).tolist()
self.balkValues = [random.random() for x in xrange(numCustomers)]
# print self.interarrivalTimeValues
# print expon.rvs(6, 0, size=numCustomers)
# print self.serviceTime2Values
# print self.balkValues
self.populate() # Ready. Set. Go!
def test_poisson_fit(self):
"""Make sure that we get the right Poisson fit answer"""
numpy.random.seed(8675309)
ans = 20
data = poisson.rvs(ans, size=1000)
res = tb.poisson_fit(data)
self.assertEqual(ans, numpy.round(res.x))
def _random_poisson_graph(self, n=10, mu=2.5, ratio=0.9,
remove_unconnected=True,
remove_self_loops=True, Nsignals=5, Nstimuli=5):
from scipy.stats import poisson
z = [poisson.rvs(mu) for i in range(0,n)]
G = nx.expected_degree_graph(z)
self.clear()
# converts to strings
edges = [(unicode(e[0]), unicode(e[1])) for e in G.edges()]
assert ratio >= 0
assert ratio <= 1
N = int(len(edges)* ratio)
edges_pos = edges[0:N]
edges_neg = edges[N:]
self.add_edges_from(edges_pos, link="+")
self.add_edges_from(edges_neg, link="-")
# remove self loop first
if remove_self_loops:
self.remove_self_loops()
if remove_unconnected == False:
# add all nodes (even though they me be unconnected
self.add_nodes_from(G.nodes())
ranks = self.get_same_rank()
sources = ranks[0]
sinks = ranks[max(ranks.keys())]
Nstim = min(len(sources), Nstimuli)
Nsignals = min(len(sinks), Nsignals)
self._stimuli = sources[0:Nstim]
self._signals = sinks[0:Nsignals]
self.set_default_node_attributes()
def imod2snrconv(magdata, bandmod):
from scipy import signal
from photutils.isophote import EllipseGeometry
from photutils.isophote import Ellipse
from photutils.isophote import build_ellipse_model
cr = csstpkg.mag2cr(magdata['MOD_' + bandmod], band=bandmod)
cr300poiss = poisson.rvs(cr * texp, size=1)
agalaxy = csstpkg.galser(lumtot=cr300poiss, reff=magdata['reff'], nser=magdata['nser'], ellip=1-magdata['Eab'])
# agalaxy.plotmodel()
# Generating convolution image:
apsf = csstpkg.psfgauss()
normpsf = apsf.gauss()[2]/np.sum(apsf.gauss()[2])
agalconv = signal.fftconvolve(agalaxy.sermod()[2], normpsf, mode='same')
# FITS file generating:
hduagalaxy = fits.PrimaryHDU(agalaxy.sermod()[2])
hduagalaxy.writeto('test_agalaxy.fits',overwrite=True)
# hduapsf = fits.PrimaryHDU(normpsf)
# hduapsf.writeto('test_apsf.fits', overwrite=True)
hdr = fits.Header()
hdr['UVUDFID']=magdata['ID']
hduagalconv = fits.PrimaryHDU(data=agalconv,header=hdr)
hduagalconv.writeto('test_agalconv.fits', overwrite=True)
#cirtain aperture photometry and SNR:
photcr = csstpkg.aptrphot(agalconv, origcen=agalaxy.orig0, reff=magdata['reff'], ellip=magdata['Eab'])
snr = csstpkg.cr2snr(photcr['aperture_sum'] / texp, npix=math.pi * magdata['reff'] ** 2,
bsky=csstpkg.backsky[bandmod], poiss=False)
return snr
def scale(n,t,max_files=1,tag="default"):
m = 0
while m<max_files:
outfilename = "toy_%s_%05d.dat" % (tag,m)
f = open(outfilename,'w+')
output = ""
xpts = np.array([])
ypts = np.array([])
#ypts_new = np.array([])
ypts_pois = np.array([])
n.seek(0)
for line in n:
vals = line.split()
x = float(vals[0])
y = float(vals[1])
xpts = np.append(xpts,x)
ypts = np.append(ypts,y)
# Use the scaling factor as a Poisson input.
# In other words, don't generate the same number of events each time.
# Instead, the number of events will be random for each one, but will
# be distributed according to a Poisson distribution.
#scaling_factor = poisson.rvs(int(t))
# ACTUALLY, MAYBE WE DON'T NEED TO DO THIS PART
scaling_factor = t
#print "number of events for this sample: %d" % (scaling_factor)
for i in ypts:
new_y = i*(scaling_factor/sum(ypts))
#ypts_new = np.append(ypts_new,new_y)
#rv = poisson(new_y)
R = 0.0
if np.ceil(new_y)>0:
R = poisson.rvs(np.ceil(new_y))
ypts_pois = np.append(ypts_pois,R)
# This is to make sure that we get the same number of entries as our
# new_scaling (Poisson total for this toy).
# I *think* this works. It will give you floats for the bin heights,
# but I think that's OK for these toy tests.
# ACTUALLY MAYBE THIS IS NOT OK.
#nentries= sum(ypts_pois)
#new_scaling = scaling_factor/nentries
#ypts_pois *= new_scaling
print "number of events for this sample: %d" % (sum(ypts_pois))
for x,y in zip(xpts,ypts_pois):
output = "%f %f\n" % (x,y)
f.write(output)
f.close()
m += 1
def disaggregate(self,rf):
len_rf = len(rf)
# generating rainfall from t h to t/2 h
rf_pre = np.zeros((1,len_rf*2))
for j in range(1):
for i in xrange(0,len_rf*2,2):
W = self.A*(self.lp[1])**poisson.rvs(1, size=2)
W[W<0] = 1e-6
rf_pre[j,i] = rf[int(i/2)]*W[0]/(W[0]+W[1])
rf_pre[j,i+1] = rf[int(i/2)]*W[1]/(W[0]+W[1])
rf_pre = np.mean(rf_pre, axis=0)
# rounding up the simulated rainfall to the least count of raingauge
for i in xrange(0,len_rf*2,2):
if np.mod(rf_pre[i],0.5) !=0:
TB = np.mod(rf_pre[i],0.5)
else:
TB = 0
rf_pre[i] -= TB
rf_pre[i+1] += TB
return rf_pre
def main():
prob_region_boundaries = [500, 750, 2500, 5000, 10000]
num_reads = 50000
genome_size = prob_region_boundaries[-1]
latent_variance = compute_latent_variance(prob_region_boundaries)
latent_mean = 1 / float(genome_size)
print 'true latent mean: {0}, latent variance: {1}'.format(latent_mean,
latent_variance)
print 'true jaffe stat: {0}'.format(latent_variance / float(latent_mean**2))
var_samples = []
est_var_samples_var = []
jaffe_samples = []
jaffe_est_vars = []
jaffe_est_vars2 = []
for k in range(100):
#count_samples = generate_counts(prob_region_boundaries, num_reads)
count_samples = poisson.rvs(num_reads / float(genome_size),
size=num_reads)
count_mean = compute_sample_mean(count_samples)
count_var = compute_sample_variance(count_samples)
var_samples.append(count_var)
jaffe_stat = (((count_var / count_mean**2) - (1 / count_mean)) +
(1 / float(num_reads))) * (float(num_reads) / float(num_reads - 1))
jaffe_samples.append(jaffe_stat)
count_kurtosis = kurtosis(count_samples)
e_vsv = count_var ** 2 * (2 / float(len(count_samples) - 1) +
count_kurtosis / float(len(count_samples)))
est_var_samples_var.append(e_vsv)
jvar = (float(num_reads**2) / float((num_reads - 1)**2) *
count_mean**(-4) * e_vsv)
jaffe_est_vars.append(jvar)
var_samples_mean = compute_sample_mean(var_samples)
var_samples_var = compute_sample_variance(var_samples)
print ('count var mean: {0}, count var variance: {1}'
.format(var_samples_mean, var_samples_var))
mean_est_var_samples_var = compute_sample_mean(est_var_samples_var)
print 'mean var estimate: {0}'.format(mean_est_var_samples_var)
#for v in range(len(est_var_samples_var)):
# print (est_var_samples_var[v] / var_samples_var)
mean_jaffe_stat = compute_sample_mean(jaffe_samples)
var_jaffe_stat = compute_sample_variance(jaffe_samples)
print 'mean jaffe stat: {0}, var jaffe stat: {1}'.format(mean_jaffe_stat,
var_jaffe_stat)
mean_jaffe_est_vars = compute_sample_mean(jaffe_est_vars)
var_jaffe_est_vars = compute_sample_variance(jaffe_est_vars)
print ('mean jaffe var est: {0} var jaffe var est: {1}'
.format(mean_jaffe_est_vars, var_jaffe_est_vars))
return 0
def sim_data(data,xvars): # simulate Poisson data from model
regr = bilin_regr(data,xvars,plot=False)
X = shape_xvars(data[xvars])
predicted = regr.predict(X)
rsim = poisson.rvs(predicted)
plt.plot(data['pvtraf'],regr.predict(shape_xvars(data[xvars])))
plt.scatter(data['pvtraf'],rsim)
plt.show()
def cr2snr(crs, t=texp, npix=npix85, bsky=0.1, bdet=bdet0, nread=nread0, rn=rn0, poiss=False): # print 'Input Count Rate:', crs if poiss==True: cr300 = poisson.rvs(crs*t,size=1) # print 'crt 300s & sample: ', crs * t, cr300poiss else: cr300 = crs*t snrcal = cr300/(cr300+npix*(bsky+bdet)*t+npix*nread*rn**2)**0.5 # print 'area:',npix return snrcal
def fast_sbm(c_cc, c_cp, c_pp, n):
mav_cc = c_cc * n / 4
mav_cp = c_cp * n / 2
mav_pp = c_pp * n / 4
m_in1 = poisson.rvs(mav_cc)
m_in2 = poisson.rvs(mav_pp)
m_out = poisson.rvs(mav_cp)
G = Graph()
for i in range(n):
G.add_node(i)
# Generate first comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_in1:
u = randrange(0,n//2)
v = randrange(0,n//2)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Generate second comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_in2:
u = randrange(n//2,n)
v = randrange(n//2,n)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Generate between comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_out:
u = randrange(0,n//2)
v = randrange(n//2,n)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Create sparse adjacency matrix
return G
def go(self):
plotter = Plotter("outdir", "sim", clean=False)
grid = Grid(plotter)
for num_of_agents in poisson.rvs(5, size=42):
agents = [Agent.build() for i in xrange(num_of_agents)]
# print agents
print "\nStep {0}\n".format(self.step)
grid.push(agents)
grid.tick()
self.step += 1
def get_random_map(template, seed=None):
"""
Gets an event map with integer entries from non-integer entries
(in general) in the template, varied according to Poisson
statistics.
"""
#Set the seed if given
if not seed is None:
np.random.seed(seed=seed)
return poisson.rvs(template)
def fast_sbm(c_in, c_out, n):
mav_in = c_in * n / 4.
mav_out = c_out * n / 2.
m_in1 = poisson.rvs(mav_in)
m_in2 = poisson.rvs(mav_in)
m_out = poisson.rvs(mav_out)
G = Graph()
for i in range(n):
G.add_node(i)
# Generate first comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_in1:
u = randrange(0,n//2)
v = randrange(0,n//2)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Generate second comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_in2:
u = randrange(n//2,n)
v = randrange(n//2,n)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Generate between comm edges
counter = 0
while counter < m_out:
u = randrange(0,n//2)
v = randrange(n//2,n)
if u != v:
G.add_edge(u,v)
counter += 1
# Create sparse adjacency matrix
return G
def build_toy_dataset(N, V):
"""A simulator mimicking the data set from 2015-2016 NBA season with
308 NBA players and ~150,000 shots."""
L = np.tril(np.random.normal(2.5, 0.1, size=[V, V]))
K = np.matmul(L, L.T)
x = np.zeros([N, V])
for n in range(N):
f_n = multivariate_normal.rvs(cov=K, size=1)
for v in range(V):
x[n, v] = poisson.rvs(mu=np.exp(f_n[v]), size=1)
return x
def add_gc_bias(meancoverages,targetcoverage): rand=poisson.rvs(targetcoverage) cumprob=poisson.cdf(rand,targetcoverage) # cdf(x, mu, loc=0) Cumulative density function. toret=[] for cov in meancoverages: if cov==0: toret.append(0) else: t=int(poisson.ppf(cumprob,cov)) # ppf(q, mu, loc=0) Percent point function (inverse of cdf percentiles). toret.append(t) return toret
def setup_queue(lam, mu, tol_time, time_limit):
# set up arrival intervals and serving times as poisson processes
arrival_intervals = poisson.rvs(lam, size=nsamp)
serving_times = poisson.rvs(mu, size=nsamp)
tolerance_times = poisson.rvs(tol_time, size=nsamp)
# calculate arrival times
arrival_times = np.empty(nsamp, dtype=float)
arrival_times[0] = arrival_intervals[0]
for i in xrange(nsamp-1):
arrival_times[i+1] = arrival_times[i] + arrival_intervals[i+1]
# find number of customers arriving before closing time
n_customers = np.searchsorted(arrival_times, time_limit)
# cut the arrays down to size
arrival_times = np.resize(arrival_times, n_customers)
serving_times = np.resize(serving_times, n_customers)
return arrival_times, serving_times, tolerance_times
def simulate_spikes(tuning_curve, rx, ry):
"""
Compute firing rate for each neuron given place field center
and sample number of observed spikes in one time unit.
"""
rates = []
obs_spikes = []
for n, pfield in enumerate(tuning_curve):
rate = pfield((rx, ry))
spikes = poisson.rvs(rate)
rates.append(rate)
obs_spikes.append(spikes)
return rates, obs_spikes
def imod2snr(magdata, bandmod):
cr = csstpkg.mag2cr(magdata['MOD_'+bandmod], band=bandmod)
cr300poiss = poisson.rvs(cr * texp, size=1)
agalaxy = csstpkg.galser(lumtot=cr300poiss, reff=magdata['reff'],\
nser=magdata['nser'], ellip=magdata['Eab'])
photcr = agalaxy.aperphot()
snr = csstpkg.cr2snr(photcr['aperture_sum'] / texp,\
npix=math.pi * magdata['reff'] ** 2,\
bsky=csstpkg.backsky[bandmod], poiss=False)
return snr
def make_neighbors(mu, nnum):
"""creates x, y coordinates for neighbor galaxies"""
# radial distance
r = poisson.rvs(mu, size=nnum)
# angular position
ang = np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=2.0*np.pi, size=nnum)
#convert to x, y
x = r*np.cos(ang)
y = r*np.sin(ang)
return x,y
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Fri Feb 2 18:00:46 2018 @author: Gabo """ import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from scipy.stats import poisson, uniform c14std, c12std_min, c12std_max = 178., 61621875000000., 61490625000000. c14m, c12m_min, c12m_max = 212.4090909, c14f, c12f_min, c12f_max = 36.66666667, 96813333333333., 78416666666667. N = 1e4 rm = poisson.rvs(c14std, size=N) / uniform.rvs
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from scipy.stats import norm from scipy.stats import poisson # sum n random variables n=1000 # take the sum trials = 1000 mu=3 # generate random variables randomsamples = poisson.rvs(mu,size=[n,trials]) # sum sums = np.sum(randomsamples,axis=0) average_sums = sums*1./n # ARP: why multiply by inverse, rather than just divide? print 'mean:' + `np.mean(average_sums)` + ' std dev: ' + `np.std(average_sums)` print 'expected mean:' + `mu` + ' expected std dev:' + `np.sqrt(mu*1./n)` # ARP: spot on. z_scores = (average_sums-mu)/np.sqrt(mu*1./n) plt.hist(z_scores,100, normed=True) # ARP: does this improve with n? # plot from z=-5 to z=5 z = np.linspace(-5,5,500) #plot the normal pdf plt.plot(z,norm.pdf(z)) plt.show() # ARP: looks like you were missing this...
def number_of_new_phytomers():
mean_y = theta1
new_phytomers = poisson.rvs(mean_y)
return new_phytomers
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Jan 7 10:54:18 2020
@author: rsholes
"""
#import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#from IPython.display import Math, Latex
#from IPython.core.display import Image
import seaborn as sns
sns.set(color_codes=True)
sns.set(rc={'figure.figsize':(10,10)})
#import uniform distribution
from scipy.stats import poisson
#random numbers from uniform distribution
n = 10000
start = 0
data_poisson = poisson.rvs(size=n, loc=start, mu=3)
ax = sns.distplot(data_poisson, bins=30, kde=False, color ='skyblue', hist_kws ={'linewidth': 0.2, 'alpha' :1})
ax.set(xlabel='Poisson Distribution', ylabel='Frequency')
'''
Created on Jun 11, 2018
@author: Balakrishna Akuleti
'''
from scipy.stats import poisson
import seaborn as sb
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data_poission = poisson.rvs(mu=4, size=10000)
ax = sb.distplot(data_poission,
kde=True,
color='green',
hist_kws={
"linewidth": 25,
'alpha': 1
})
ax.set(xlabel='Poisson', ylabel='Frequency')
plt.show()
import csv
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import poisson
from scipy.stats import binom
import sys
sys.stdout = open('hybrid1results.txt', 'w')
poissonSimulations = []
tempSum = 0
averages = []
for s in range(10):
print("Poisson Simulation " + str(s+1) + ":")
data_poisson = poisson.rvs(mu = 3, size = 100)
poissonSimulations.append(data_poisson)
for x in range(100):
print(str(data_poisson[x]))
tempSum += data_poisson[x]
print("Average of Sim " + str(s+1) + ": " + str(tempSum/100))
print()
averages.append(tempSum/100)
tempSum = 0
sumAverages = 0
for i in range(len(averages)):
sumAverages += averages[i]
print("Average of the averages of each Poisson Simulation: " + str(sumAverages/len(averages)))
a = np.array(averages).astype(np.float)
print("Standard deviation of the averages of each Poisson Simulation: " + str(np.std(a)))
print("Difference between mean value and expected value (3.0): " + str(abs(3-sumAverages/len(averages))))
activate_this = "/Users/stefano.romano/DataScience/bin/activate_this.py"
execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__ = activate_this))
import numpy as np
import pymc as pm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import poisson as pois
sample_size = 500
mus = [2, 10, 23]
colors = ["r", "b", "g"]
plt.clf()
for i in range(3):
samples = pois.rvs(mus[i], size = sample_size)
means = np.array([mean(samples[:k]) for k in xrange(sample_size)])
plt.plot((means - (mus[i]))/float(mus[i]), color = colors[i],
label = r"Relative convergence of $\mu_%d$" %i, lw = 2)
plt.axhline(y=0, ls = "--", color = "k", lw = 3)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 0.2)
plt.legend()
## Aggregated geographical data example
from numpy.random import random_integers as dunif
from scipy.stats import norm
import pandas as pd
from pandas import DataFrame
countries = np.concatenate([np.repeat(i, dunif(100, 1500)) for i in xrange(5000)])
height_data = DataFrame({"height": norm.rvs(150, 15, size = len(countries)),
print('P(more than 10 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(10, mu)))
print('P(more than 11 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(11, mu)))
# Add new observations
new_obs = np.array([
13, 14, 11, 10, 11, 13, 13, 9, 11, 14, 12, 11, 12, 14, 8, 13, 10, 14,
12, 13, 10, 9, 14, 13, 11, 14, 13, 14
])
obs = np.concatenate([obs, new_obs])
mu = np.mean(obs)
print('mu = {}'.format(mu))
# Repeat the analysis of the same probabilities
print('P(more than 8 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(8, mu)))
print('P(more than 9 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(9, mu)))
print('P(more than 10 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(10, mu)))
print('P(more than 11 trains) = {}'.format(poisson.sf(11, mu)))
# Generate 2000 samples from the Poisson process
syn = poisson.rvs(mu, size=2000)
# Plot the complete distribution
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 7), frameon=False)
sns.distplot(syn, kde=True, color="b", ax=ax)
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
plt.show()
N = 50
minDist_array = [] # safe the 50 closest to in vitro CV profiles
minNRRP = []
L_min = []
for iter in range(N):
print 'ITERATION # %s' % iter
EPSP_amp2_dic = {}
CV_arr2_dic = {}
NRRPdic = {}
for l in lambda_values:
print 'computing CV for lambda = %.1f' % l
NRRPdic['%.1f' % l] = []
nrrp = poisson.rvs(l, size=100, loc=1)
# print nrrp
nrrp_mean = np.mean(nrrp)
nrrp_std = np.std(nrrp)
NRRPdic['%.1f' % l].append(nrrp_mean)
NRRPdic['%.1f' % l].append(nrrp_std)
CV2_arr = []
EPSP2_arr = []
for a, n in zip(range(1, 100), nrrp):
try:
file = 'noise_simulation_new03_%s.h5' % a
raw_data2 = h5py.File(RAW_DATA_PATH2 + file)
if n > 24:
sample_connection2 = raw_data2['nrrp24'].value
else:
sample_connection2 = raw_data2['nrrp%s' % n].value
def expression_split(number, number_of_subsections, distribution, seed,
min_random_number_desired):
split_number_list = []
cumulative_sum_of_random_numbers = 0
current_subsection = 1
max_random_number = int(number / number_of_subsections)
if isinstance(seed, int):
np.random.RandomState(seed)
else:
seed = np.random.RandomState()
if min_random_number_desired < number:
if min_random_number_desired > max_random_number:
# print("WARNING: Cannot have min number as {} and split {} in {} subsections".format(min_random_number_desired, number, number_of_subsections))
number_of_subsections = int(
np.floor(number / min_random_number_desired))
return expression_split(number, number_of_subsections,
distribution, seed,
min_random_number_desired)
elif distribution == 'uniform':
split_num1 = uniform.rvs(size=number_of_subsections,
loc=10,
scale=20,
random_state=seed)
elif distribution == 'gamma':
split_num1 = gamma.rvs(a=5,
size=number_of_subsections,
random_state=seed)
elif distribution == 'exponential':
split_num1 = expon.rvs(scale=1,
loc=0,
size=number_of_subsections,
random_state=seed)
elif distribution == 'poisson':
split_num1 = poisson.rvs(mu=3,
size=number_of_subsections,
random_state=seed)
try:
split_num1 = [
int(number * v / sum(split_num1)) for v in split_num1
]
except:
# Error may occur when split_num1 = [0]
expression_split(number, number_of_subsections, distribution, seed,
min_random_number_desired)
if len(split_num1) > 1:
num_test = [
1 for v in split_num1 if v <= min_random_number_desired
]
if sum(num_test) > int(0.25 * len(split_num1)):
return expression_split(number,
int(number_of_subsections * 0.75),
distribution, seed,
min_random_number_desired)
for i in range(len(split_num1)):
if split_num1[i] < min_random_number_desired:
split_num1[i] = min_random_number_desired
split_num1[-1] = number - sum(split_num1[:-1])
if sum([1 for v in split_num1 if v <= 0]) >= 1:
return expression_split(number, int(number_of_subsections * 0.75),
distribution, seed,
min_random_number_desired)
return split_num1
else:
# print('WARNING : minimum depth is greater than provided number and can not be splitted.')
expression_split(number, 1, distribution, seed, number)
def generateData(self,
W,
Z,
Tau,
Mu,
likelihood,
missingness=0.0,
missing_view=False):
""" Initialisation of observations
PARAMETERS
----------
W (list of length M where each element is a np array with shape (Dm,K)): weights
Z (np array with shape (N,K): latent variables
Tau (list of length M where each element is a np array with shape (Dm,)): precision of the normally-distributed noise
Mu (list of length M where each element is a np array with shape (Dm,)): feature-wise means
likelihood (str): type of likelihood
missingness (float): percentage of missing values
"""
Y = [s.zeros((self.N, self.D[m])) for m in range(self.M)]
if likelihood == "gaussian":
# Vectorised
for m in range(self.M):
Y[m] = s.dot(Z, W[m].T) + Mu[m] + norm.rvs(
loc=0, scale=1 / s.sqrt(Tau[m]), size=[self.N, self.D[m]])
# Non-vectorised, slow
# for m in range(self.M):
# for n in range(self.N):
# for d in range(self.D[m]):
# Y[m][n,d] = s.dot(Z[n,:],W[m][d,:].T) + Mu[m][d] + norm.rvs(loc=0,scale=1/s.sqrt(Tau[m][d]))
elif likelihood == "warp":
raise NotImplementedError()
# for m in range(self.M):
# Y[m] = s.exp(s.dot(Z,W[m].T) + Mu[m] + norm.rvs(loc=0, scale=1/s.sqrt(Tau[m]), size=[self.N, self.D[m]]))
# Sample observations using a poisson likelihood
elif likelihood == "poisson":
## Unvectorised
# for m in range(self.M):
# for n in range(self.N):
# for d in range(self.D[m]):
# f = s.dot(Z[n,:],W[m][d,:].T)
# # f = s.dot(Z[n,:],W[m][d,:].T) + norm.rvs(loc=0,scale=s.sqrt(1/Tau[m][d]))
# rate = s.log(1+s.exp(f))
# # Sample from the Poisson distribution
# # Y[m][n,d] = poisson.rvs(rate)
# # Use the more likely values
# Y[m][n,d] = s.special.round(rate)
## Vectorised
for m in range(self.M):
F = s.dot(Z, W[m].T)
rate = s.log(1 + s.exp(F))
# Without noise
# Y[m] = s.special.round(rate)
# With noise, sample from the Poisson distribution
Y[m] = poisson.rvs(rate).astype(float)
# Sample observations using a bernoulli likelihood
elif likelihood == "bernoulli":
for m in range(self.M):
## Vectorised
f = sigmoid(s.dot(Z, W[m].T))
# without noise
# Y[m] = s.special.round(f)
# with noise
Y[m] = bernoulli.rvs(f).astype(float)
## Unvectorised
# for n in range(self.N):
# for d in range(self.D[m]):
# Without noise
# f = sigmoid( s.dot(Z[n,:],W[m][d,:].T) )
# With noise
# Y[m][n,d] = bernoulli.rvs(f)
# Use the more likely state
# Y[m][n,d] = s.special.round(f)
# Introduce missing values into the data
if missingness > 0.0:
for m in range(self.M):
nas = s.random.choice(range(self.N * self.D[m]),
size=int(missingness * self.N *
self.D[m]),
replace=False)
tmp = Y[m].flatten()
tmp[nas] = s.nan
Y[m] = tmp.reshape((self.N, self.D[m]))
if missing_view > 0.0: # percentage of samples missing a view
# select samples missing one view
n_missing = s.random.choice(range(self.N),
int(missing_view * self.N),
replace=False)
Y[0][n_missing, :] = s.nan
# Convert data to pandas data frame
for m in range(self.M):
Y[m] = pd.DataFrame(data=Y[m])
return Y
def draw(self):
return min(poisson.rvs(self.p), self.trunc)
from scipy.stats import poisson
import seaborn as sb
n = 100000
x = poisson.rvs(mu=5.2, size =n )
sum=0
count = 0
num=0
while num<n:
sum = sum + x[num]
if x[num]< 2:
count = count+1
num = num+1
print(count/n)
def run_module():
# define available arguments/parameters a user can pass to the module
module_args = dict(
namespace=dict(type='str', required=True),
pod=dict(type='str', required=True),
amount=dict(type='int', required=True),
duration=dict(type='int', required=True),
)
module = AnsibleModule(argument_spec=module_args, supports_check_mode=True)
rc = 0
stderr = "err"
stderr_lines = ["errl1", "errl2"]
stdout = "out"
stdout_lines = ["outl1", "outl1"]
module.log(msg='test!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!')
namespace = module.params['namespace']
amount = module.params['amount']
result = dict(
changed=True,
stdout=stdout,
stdout_lines=stdout_lines,
stderr=stderr,
stderr_lines=stderr_lines,
rc=rc,
)
result['fact'] = random.choice(FACTS).format(
name=module.params['namespace'])
# random numbers from poisson distribution
n = amount
a = 0
duration = module.params['duration']
load_kubernetes_config()
configuration = client.Configuration()
configuration.assert_hostname = False
client.api_client.ApiClient(configuration=configuration)
podName = module.params['pod']
if (podName == 'random poisson'):
data_poisson = poisson.rvs(mu=10, size=n, loc=a)
counts, bins, bars = plt.hist(data_poisson)
plt.close()
for experiment in counts:
pod_list = get_pods(namespace=namespace)
aux_li = []
for fil in pod_list.items:
if fil.status.phase == "Running":
aux_li.append(fil)
pod_list = aux_li
# From the Running pods I randomly choose those to die
# based on the histogram length
print("-------")
print("Pod list length: " + str(len(pod_list)))
print("Number of pods to get: " + str(int(experiment)))
print("-------")
# In the case of the experiment being longer than the pod list,
# then the maximum will be the lenght of the pod list
if (int(experiment) > len(pod_list)):
to_be_cpu = random.sample(pod_list, len(pod_list))
else:
to_be_cpu = random.sample(pod_list, int(experiment))
for pod in to_be_cpu:
inyect_cpu(pod.metadata.name, pod.metadata.namespace, module,
duration)
global_kill.append((datetime.datetime.now(), int(experiment)))
# time.sleep(10)
print(datetime.datetime.now())
else:
pod = get_pod_by_name(namespace=namespace, name=podName)
inyect_cpu(pod.metadata.name, pod.metadata.namespace, module, duration)
print("Ending histogram execution")
if module.check_mode:
return result
module.exit_json(**result)
def rate_histogram(obj1,
model=None,
interval=None,
t_lims=None,
lon_lims=None,
lat_lims=None,
z_lims=None,
Mc=None):
"""
Plot a histogram of earthquake rates
Args:
obj1: a varpy object containing event catalogue data
model: option to fit and bootstrap CoIs for model. Existing options: Poisson
interval: bin width (default is daily)
t_lims: [t_min, t_max] defining time axis limits
lon_lims: [lon_min, lon_max] defining x-axis limits
lat_lims: [lat_min, lat_max] defining y-axis limits
z_lims: [z_min, z_max] defining depth range
Mc: magnitude cut-off
Returns:
fig1: a png image of the resulting plot
"""
if obj1.type == 'volcanic':
data = obj1.ecvd.dataset
header = obj1.ecvd.header
else:
data = obj1.ecld.dataset
header = obj1.ecld.header
if t_lims is not None:
try:
t_min = conversion.date2int(t_lims[0])
t_max = conversion.date2int(t_lims[1])
except:
t_min = float(t_lims[0])
t_max = float(t_lims[1])
pass
data = data[logical_and(data[:, header.index('datetime')] >= t_min,
data[:, header.index('datetime')] < t_max), :]
if lon_lims is not None:
data = data[
logical_and(data[:, header.index('longitude')] >= lon_lims[0],
data[:, header.index('longitude')] < lon_lims[1]), :]
if lat_lims is not None:
data = data[
logical_and(data[:, header.index('latitude')] >= lat_lims[0],
data[:, header.index('latitude')] < lat_lims[1]), :]
if z_lims is not None:
data = data[logical_and(data[:, header.index('depth')] >= z_lims[0],
data[:, header.index('depth')] < z_lims[1]), :]
if Mc is not None:
data = data[data[:, header.index('magnitude')] >= Mc, :]
dt_data = data[:, header.index('datetime')]
if t_lims is None:
t_min = floor(dt_data.min())
t_max = ceil(dt_data.max())
if interval is not None:
bin_width = interval
else:
bin_width = 1.
der_bins = arange(t_min, t_max + bin_width, bin_width)
ders, der_bes = histogram(dt_data, der_bins)
rate_bins = arange(-0.5, ders.max() + 1.5)
mid_rate_bins = rate_bins[:-1] + diff(rate_bins) / 2.
rate_freqs, rate_bes = histogram(ders, rate_bins)
fig1 = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 6))
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(111, axisbg='lightgrey')
ax1.bar(mid_rate_bins,
rate_freqs,
color='grey',
edgecolor='darkgrey',
align='center')
if model is not None:
der_mean = mean(ders)
#Bootstrap 95% COIs
rate_bstps = 1000
rates_bstps = zeros((len(rate_bins) - 1, rate_bstps))
for j in range(rate_bstps):
if model is 'Poisson':
model_sim = poisson.rvs(der_mean, size=len(ders))
rates_bstps[:, j], model_bes = histogram(model_sim, rate_bins)
poisson_coi_95 = scoreatpercentile(rates_bstps.transpose(), 95, axis=0)
poisson_coi_5 = scoreatpercentile(rates_bstps.transpose(), 5, axis=0)
ax1.plot(
mid_rate_bins,
poisson.pmf(mid_rate_bins, der_mean) * diff(rate_bins) * len(ders),
'-or')
ax1.plot(mid_rate_bins, poisson_coi_95, 'r:')
ax1.plot(mid_rate_bins, poisson_coi_5, 'r:')
ax1.set_xlabel('Rate', fontsize=8)
ax1.set_ylabel('Frequency', fontsize=8)
ax1.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
png_name = obj1.figure_path + '/rate_histogram.png'
eps_name = obj1.figure_path + '/rate_histogram.eps'
plt.savefig(png_name)
plt.savefig(eps_name)
def gen_graph(mu, num_nodes):
expected_degrees = poisson.rvs(mu, size=num_nodes)
return expected_degree_graph(expected_degrees)
def vectores1(n, lambda1, p):
x = poisson.rvs(lambda1, size=n)
y = np.empty(shape=n)
for i in range(n):
y[i] = binom.rvs(x[i], p, size=1)
return np.column_stack((x, y))
from scipy.stats import norm, uniform, poisson
# Data
np.random.seed(1656) # set seed to replicate example
N = 2000 # number of obs in model
NGroups = 10
x1 = uniform.rvs(size=N)
x2 = uniform.rvs(size=N)
Groups = np.array([200 * [i] for i in range(NGroups)]).flatten()
a = norm.rvs(loc=0, scale=0.5, size=NGroups)
eta = 1 + 0.2 * x1 - 0.75 * x2 + a[list(Groups)]
mu = np.exp(eta)
y = poisson.rvs(mu, size=N)
with pm.Model() as model:
# Define priors
sigma_a = pm.Uniform('sigma_a', 0, 100)
beta1 = pm.Normal('beta1', 0, sd=100)
beta2 = pm.Normal('beta2', 0, sd=100)
beta3 = pm.Normal('beta3', 0, sd=100)
# priors for random intercept (RI) parameters
a_param = pm.Normal(
'a_param',
np.repeat(0, NGroups), # mean
sd=np.repeat(sigma_a, NGroups), # standard deviation
shape=NGroups) # number of RI parameters
def mock(density=[], boxsize=100, Npart=100):
from scipy.stats import poisson
dim = np.shape(np.shape(density))[0]
Nmesh = np.shape(density)[0]
ll = boxsize / Nmesh
density = poisson.rvs(Npart * density / np.sum(density))
i = 0
j = 0
k = 0
if (dim == 3):
xpoints = np.random.uniform(low=i * ll,
high=(i + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
ypoints = np.random.uniform(low=j * ll,
high=(j + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
zpoints = np.random.uniform(low=k * ll,
high=(k + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
points = np.transpose(np.vstack((xpoints, ypoints, zpoints)))
else:
xpoints = np.random.uniform(low=i * ll,
high=(i + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j]))
ypoints = np.random.uniform(low=j * ll,
high=(j + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j]))
points = np.transpose(np.vstack((xpoints, ypoints)))
for i in range(1, Nmesh):
for j in range(Nmesh):
if (dim == 3):
for k in range(Nmesh):
xpoints = np.random.uniform(low=i * ll,
high=(i + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
ypoints = np.random.uniform(low=j * ll,
high=(j + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
zpoints = np.random.uniform(low=k * ll,
high=(k + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j, k]))
points = np.vstack(
(points,
np.transpose(np.vstack((xpoints, ypoints, zpoints)))))
else:
xpoints = np.random.uniform(low=i * ll,
high=(i + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j]))
ypoints = np.random.uniform(low=j * ll,
high=(j + 1) * ll,
size=(density[i, j]))
points = np.vstack(
(points, np.transpose(np.vstack((xpoints, ypoints)))))
print('number point samples:', np.shape(points)[0])
if (dim == 3):
rans = np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=boxsize, size=(10 * Npart, 3))
if (dim == 2):
rans = np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=boxsize, size=(10 * Npart, 2))
return points, rans
#brazil = 1
#x = "credit"
#print('%(x)s-%(germany)d : %(brazil)d' % (vars()))
#credit-7 : 1
#dict_test = {'x':"credit", 'germany':7, 'brazil':1}
#print('{tk[x]}-{tk[germany]} : {tk[brazil]}'.format(tk = dict_test))
#credit-7 : 1
#使用泊松分布模拟比分
from scipy.stats import poisson
r = poisson.rvs(3, size=1000)[0]
#球队攻防能力如下：
#alpha,beta
#Arg,5,2
#Nig,3,3
#模拟比赛得分
from scipy.stats import poisson
import pandas as pd # 读取球队进球率、失球率参数
def nu_floor(sig_low, sig_high, n_sigs=10, model="sigma_si", mass=6., fnfp=1.,
element='germanium', exposure=1., delta=0., GF=False, time_info=False,
file_tag='', n_runs=20):
sig_list = np.logspace(np.log10(sig_low), np.log10(sig_high), n_sigs)
testq = 0
for sigmap in sig_list:
coupling = "fnfp" + model[5:]
print 'Run Info:'
print 'Experiment: ', element
print 'Model: ', model
print 'Coupling: ', coupling, fnfp
print 'Mass: {:.0f}, Sigma: {:.2e}'.format(mass, sigmap)
file_info = path + '/Saved_Files/'
file_info += element + '_' + model + '_' + coupling + '_{:.0f}'.format(fnfp)
file_info += '_Exposure_{:.1f}_tonyr_DM_Mass_{:.0f}_GeV'.format(exposure, mass)
file_info += file_tag + '.dat'
print 'Output File: ', file_info
print '\n'
experiment_info, Qmin, Qmax = Element_Info(element)
drdq_params = default_rate_parameters.copy()
drdq_params['element'] = element
drdq_params['mass'] = mass
drdq_params[model] = sigmap
drdq_params[coupling] = fnfp
drdq_params['delta'] = delta
drdq_params['GF'] = GF
drdq_params['time_info'] = time_info
# 3\sigma for Chi-square Dist with 1 DoF means q = 9.0
q_goal = 9.0
# make sure there are enough points for numerical accuracy/stability
er_list = np.logspace(np.log10(Qmin), np.log10(Qmax), 500)
time_list = np.zeros_like(er_list)
dm_spec = dRdQ(er_list, time_list, **drdq_params) * 10. ** 3. * s_to_yr
dm_rate = R(Qmin=Qmin, Qmax=Qmax, **drdq_params) * 10. ** 3. * s_to_yr * exposure
dm_pdf = dm_spec / dm_rate
cdf_dm = dm_pdf.cumsum()
cdf_dm /= cdf_dm.max()
dm_events_sim = int(dm_rate * exposure)
# TODO generalize beyond B8
nu_comp = ['B8','hep']
# neutrino ER spectrum
nuspec = np.zeros(2, dtype=object)
nu_rate = np.zeros(2, dtype=object)
nu_pdf = np.zeros(2, dtype=object)
cdf_nu = np.zeros(2, dtype=object)
Nu_events_sim = np.zeros(2)
nuspec[0] = np.zeros_like(er_list)
nuspec[1] = np.zeros_like(er_list)
for iso in experiment_info:
nuspec[0] += Nu_spec().nu_rate(nu_comp[0], er_list, iso)
nuspec[1] += Nu_spec().nu_rate(nu_comp[1], er_list, iso)
nu_rate[0] = np.trapz(nuspec[0], er_list)
nu_pdf[0] = nuspec[0] / nu_rate[0]
cdf_nu[0] = nu_pdf[0].cumsum()
cdf_nu[0] /= cdf_nu[0].max()
Nu_events_sim[0] = int(nu_rate[0] * exposure)
nu_rate[1] = np.trapz(nuspec[1], er_list)
nu_pdf[1] = nuspec[1] / nu_rate[1]
cdf_nu[1] = nu_pdf[1].cumsum()
cdf_nu[1] /= cdf_nu[1].max()
Nu_events_sim[1] = int(nu_rate[1] * exposure)
nevts_n = np.zeros(2)
nevent_dm = 0
tstat_arr = np.zeros(n_runs)
# While loop goes here. Fill tstat_arr for new sims and extract median/mean
nn = 0
while nn < n_runs:
print 'Run {:.0f} of {:.0f}'.format(nn + 1, n_runs)
nevts_dm = poisson.rvs(int(dm_events_sim))
nevts_n[0] = poisson.rvs(int(Nu_events_sim[0]))
nevts_n[1] = poisson.rvs(int(Nu_events_sim[1]))
if not QUIET:
print 'Predicted Number of Nu events: {}'.format(Nu_events_sim[0] + Nu_events_sim[1])
print 'Predicted Number of DM events: {}'.format(dm_events_sim)
# Simulate events
print('ev_nu1:{} ev_nu2:{} ev_dm:{}'.format(nevts_n[0], nevts_n[1], nevts_dm))
Nevents = int(nevts_n[0] + nevts_n[1] + nevts_dm)
if not QUIET:
print 'Simulation {:.0f} events...'.format(Nevents)
u = random.rand(Nevents)
# Generalize to rejection sampling algo for time implimentation
e_sim = np.zeros(Nevents)
for i in range(Nevents):
if i < int(nevts_n[0]):
e_sim[i] = er_list[np.absolute(cdf_nu[0] - u[i]).argmin()]
elif i < int(nevts_n[1]):
e_sim[i] = er_list[np.absolute(cdf_nu[1] - u[i]).argmin()]
else:
e_sim[i] = er_list[np.absolute(cdf_dm - u[i]).argmin()]
times = np.zeros_like(e_sim)
#print e_sim
if not QUIET:
print 'Running Likelihood Analysis...'
# Minimize likelihood -- MAKE SURE THIS MINIMIZATION DOESNT FAIL. CONSIDER USING GRADIENT INFO
like_init_nodm = Likelihood_analysis(model, coupling, mass, 0., fnfp,
exposure, element, experiment_info, e_sim, times,
Qmin=Qmin, Qmax=Qmax, time_info=time_info, GF=False)
max_nodm = minimize(like_init_nodm.likelihood, np.array([0.,0.]), args=(np.array([-100.])), tol=0.01) #np_array expand to N-zeroes
#print max_nodm
like_init_dm = Likelihood_analysis(model, coupling, mass, 1., fnfp,
exposure, element, experiment_info, e_sim, times,
Qmin=Qmin, Qmax=Qmax, time_info=time_info, GF=False)
print sigmap, type(sigmap)
max_dm = minimize(like_init_dm.like_multi_wrapper, np.array([0.,0., np.log10(sigmap)]), tol=0.01,
jac=False) #np_log
#np.array([NU = [0. .... ] - 1 component, DM = np.log10(sigmap)])
if not QUIET:
print 'BF Neutrino normalization without DM: {:.2e}'.format(10.**max_nodm.x[0])
print 'BF Neutrino normalization with DM: {:.2e}'.format(10.**max_dm.x[0])
print 'BF DM sigma_p: {:.2e} \n\n'.format(10.**max_dm.x[1])
test_stat = np.max([max_nodm.fun - max_dm.fun, 0.])
pval = chi2.sf(test_stat,1)
if not QUIET:
print 'TS: ', test_stat
print 'p-value: ', pval
tstat_arr[nn] = test_stat
nn += 1
print 'FINISHED CYCLE \n'
print 'True DM mass: ', mass
print 'True DM sigma_p: ', sigmap
print 'Median Q: {:.2f}'.format(np.median(tstat_arr))
print 'Mean Q: {:.2f}'.format(np.median(tstat_arr))
testq = np.mean(tstat_arr)
print 'testq (mean, end n cycle): {}'.format(testq)
if testq > 20:
print 'testq: {} --> BREAK'.format(testq)
break
elif testq > 1:
print 'testq: {} --> WRITE'.format(testq)
if os.path.exists(file_info):
load_old = np.loadtxt(file_info)
new_arr = np.vstack((load_old, np.array([np.log10(sigmap), np.mean(tstat_arr)])))
new_arr = new_arr[new_arr[:, 0].argsort()]
np.savetxt(file_info, new_arr)
else:
np.savetxt(file_info, np.array([np.log10(sigmap), np.median(tstat_arr)]))
return
def sample_episodes(numepisodes, physics):
episodes = []
total_events, num_reasonable_events = 0, 0
for epinum in xrange(numepisodes):
events = []
detections = []
assocs = []
# first generate all the events
numevents = poisson.rvs(physics.lambda_e * 4 * pi * physics.R**2 *
physics.T)
for evnum in xrange(numevents):
# longitude is uniform from -180 to 180
evlon = uniform.rvs(-180, 360)
# sin(latitude) is uniform from -1 to 1
evlat = degrees(arcsin(uniform.rvs(-1, 2)))
# magnitude has an exponential distribution as per Gutenberg-Richter law
while True:
evmag = expon.rvs(physics.mu_m, physics.theta_m)
# magnitude saturates at some maximum value,
# re-sample if we exceed the max
if evmag > physics.gamma_m:
continue
else:
break
# time is uniform
evtime = uniform.rvs(0, physics.T)
event = Event(evlon, evlat, evmag, evtime)
events.append(event)
truedets = []
#print ("event mag %f" % event.mag)
# for each event generate its set of true detections
for stanum, station in enumerate(STATIONS):
dist = compute_distance((station.lon, station.lat),
(event.lon, event.lat))
sta_to_ev_az = compute_azimuth((station.lon, station.lat),
(event.lon, event.lat))
detprob = logistic(physics.mu_d0[stanum] +
physics.mu_d1[stanum] * event.mag +
physics.mu_d2[stanum] * dist)
#print ("stanum %d dist %f detprob %f" % (stanum, dist, detprob))
# is detected ?
if bernoulli.rvs(detprob):
dettime = laplace.rvs(
event.time + compute_travel_time(dist) +
physics.mu_t[stanum], physics.theta_t[stanum])
# Note: the episode only has detections within the first T
# seconds. Late arriving detections will not be available.
if dettime < physics.T:
degdiff = laplace.rvs(physics.mu_z[stanum],
physics.theta_z[stanum])
detaz = (sta_to_ev_az + degdiff + 360) % 360
detslow = laplace.rvs(
compute_slowness(dist) + physics.mu_s[stanum],
physics.theta_s[stanum])
while True:
# resample if the detection amplitude is infinite
try:
detamp = exp(
norm.rvs(
physics.mu_a0[stanum] +
physics.mu_a1[stanum] * event.mag +
physics.mu_a2[stanum] * dist,
physics.sigma_a[stanum]))
except FloatingPointError:
continue
# disallow zero or infinite amplitudes
if detamp == 0 or isinf(detamp):
continue
break
truedets.append(len(detections))
detections.append(
Detection(stanum, dettime, detaz, detslow, detamp))
assocs.append(truedets)
total_events += 1
if len(truedets) >= 2:
num_reasonable_events += 1
# now generate the false detections
for stanum in xrange(len(STATIONS)):
numfalse = poisson.rvs(physics.lambda_f[stanum] * physics.T)
for dnum in xrange(numfalse):
dettime = uniform.rvs(0, physics.T)
detaz = uniform.rvs(0, 360)
detslow = uniform.rvs(
compute_slowness(180),
compute_slowness(0) - compute_slowness(180))
while True:
# resample if the detection amplitude is infinite
try:
detamp = exp(
cauchy.rvs(physics.mu_f[stanum],
physics.theta_f[stanum]))
except FloatingPointError:
continue
# disallow zero or infinite amplitudes
if detamp == 0 or isinf(detamp):
continue
break
detections.append(
Detection(stanum, dettime, detaz, detslow, detamp))
episodes.append(Episode(events, detections, assocs))
print("{:d} events generated".format(total_events))
print("{:.1f} % events have at least two detections".format(
100 * num_reasonable_events / total_events))
return episodes
def poisson_distribution(select_size, power=10):
return poisson.rvs(power, size=select_size)
"""Assignment8.ipynb
Automatically generated by Colaboratory.
Original file is located at
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1LbUpvNyTZ6qFHaKWOOkHeb2sZgD2i8dt
"""
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import poisson
#no. of time intervals
sample_size = 100000
#simulating jobs arrival at workstation
arrival_data = poisson.rvs(mu=12, size=sample_size)
#simulating jobs completion at workstation
service_data = poisson.rvs(mu=15, size=sample_size)
#print(arrival_data-service_data)
#calculating jobs at workstation
jobs_at_machine = [0]
for x in range(1, sample_size):
jobs_tentative = jobs_at_machine[x - 1] + arrival_data[x] - service_data[x]
if jobs_tentative >= 0:
jobs_at_machine.append(jobs_tentative)
else:
jobs_at_machine.append(jobs_at_machine[x - 1])
print(
"Experimental and Theoritical Expectation value of jobs at workstation {}--{}"
.format(np.sum(jobs_at_machine) / sample_size, 4))
def initialize_model(dataR, dataR_H, dataNum, KK, LL, feaMat):
# Input:
# dataR: positive relational data # positive edges x 2
# KK: number of communities
# LL: number of features
# feaMat: feature matrix N X K
# Output:
# M: Poisson distribution parameter in generating X_{ik}
# X_i: latent counts for node i
# Z_ik: latent integers summary, calculating as \sum_{j,k_2} Z_{ij,kk_2}
# Z_k1k2: latent integers summary, calculating as \sum_{k,k_2} Z_{ij,kk_2}
# pis: LL X N X KK: layer-wise mixed-membership distributions
# FT: F X K, feature transition coefficients
# betas: LL X N X N: layer-wise information propagation coefficient
# Lambdas: community compatibility matrix
# QQ: scaling parameters for Lambdas
# scala_val: not use at the momment
pis = np.zeros((LL, dataNum, KK))
betas = gamma.rvs(1, 1, size=(LL - 1, dataNum, dataNum))
FT = gamma.rvs(1, 1, size=(feaMat.shape[1], KK))
pis_ll = np.dot(feaMat, FT) + 0.1
psi_inte = gamma.rvs(a=pis_ll / (1 + 0.01), scale=1)
psi_inte = psi_inte / (np.sum(psi_inte, axis=1)[:, np.newaxis]) + 1e-6
pis[-1] = psi_inte / (np.sum(psi_inte, axis=1)[:, np.newaxis])
for ll in np.arange(LL - 2, -1, -1): # From LL-2 to 0
psi_ll = np.dot(betas[ll].T, pis[ll + 1])
psi_ll += 0.01 #
psi_inte = gamma.rvs(a=psi_ll / (1 + 0.01), scale=1)
psi_inte = psi_inte / (np.sum(psi_inte, axis=1)[:, np.newaxis]) + 1e-6
pis[ll] = psi_inte / (np.sum(psi_inte, axis=1)[:, np.newaxis])
# for ii in range(dataNum):
# pis[-1][ii] = dirichlet.rvs(pis_ll[ii])
#
# for ll in np.arange(LL-2, -1, -1): # From LL-2 to 0
# psi_ll = np.dot(betas[ll].T, pis[ll+1]) ########################### update here
# psi_ll += 0.1 #
# for ii in range(dataNum):
# pis[ll, ii] = dirichlet.rvs(psi_ll[ii])
M = dataNum
X_i = poisson.rvs(M * pis[0]).astype(int)
################################
################################
R_KK = np.ones((KK, KK)) / (KK**2)
np.fill_diagonal(R_KK, 1 / KK)
Lambdas = gamma.rvs(a=R_KK, scale=1)
# k_Lambda = 1/KK
# c_val_Lambda = 1
# r_k = gamma.rvs(a = k_Lambda, scale = 1, size = KK)/c_val_Lambda
#
# Lambdas = np.dot(r_k.reshape((-1, 1)), r_k.reshape((1, -1)))
# epsilon = 1
# np.fill_diagonal(Lambdas, epsilon*r_k)
################################
################################
Z_ik = np.zeros((dataNum, KK), dtype=int)
Z_k1k2 = np.zeros((KK, KK), dtype=int)
for ii in range(len(dataR)):
pois_lambda = (X_i[dataR[ii][0]][:, np.newaxis] *
X_i[dataR[ii][1]][np.newaxis, :]) * Lambdas
total_val = positive_poisson_sample(np.sum(pois_lambda))
new_counts = np.random.multinomial(
total_val,
pois_lambda.reshape((-1)) / np.sum(pois_lambda)).reshape((KK, KK))
Z_k1k2 += new_counts
Z_ik[dataR[ii][0]] += np.sum(new_counts, axis=1)
Z_ik[dataR[ii][1]] += np.sum(new_counts, axis=0)
return M, X_i, Z_ik, Z_k1k2, pis, FT, betas, Lambdas
print("Con, M = 40, n = 5 y N = 3:")
variable = hypergeom.rvs(Mvar, nvar, Nvar, size=size)
a3, b3 = np.unique(variable, return_counts=True)
c3 = b3 / size
f3 = c3[1]
print(
"Probabilidad de que se encuentre exactamente un componente defectuoso\ncon 10000000 de simulaciones:",
f3)
print("-----------------------------------------------------------------")
print("Ejercicio 3)\n")
print("Con lambda = 1:")
z = poisson.rvs(1, size=size)
a4, b4 = np.unique(z, return_counts=True)
c4 = b4 / size
poiss0 = (c4[0])
poiss1 = (c4[1])
poiss2 = (c4[2])
poiss3 = (c4[3])
poiss4 = (c4[4])
poiss5 = (c4[5])
poiss6 = (c4[6])
print("para k(overflow floods in 100 years) = 0 con 10000000 simulaciones: ",
poiss0)
print("para k(overflow floods in 100 years) = 1 con 10000000 simulaciones: ",
def _resp_poisson(x, beta):
eta = np.dot(x, beta)
mu = np.exp(eta)
return poisson.rvs(mu)
hb = hb.merge(right = c_event_user_pivot, how = 'left', left_on = 'org:resource' , right_index = True)
cluster_user = hb.filter(['case','event','cluster'])
cluster_user_pivot = cluster_user.pivot_table(values = 'case', index = 'cluster', columns = 'event', aggfunc='count', fill_value = 0)
# creating a poisson distribution for the incoming events
hb_create_times = hb[hb['event'] == 'FIN'].filter(['completeTime']).sort_values(['completeTime'])
hb_timespan = hb_create_times.iloc[len(hb_create_times)-1,0] - hb_create_times.iloc[0,0]
mean_time_between_cases = hb_timespan / len(hb_create_times)
mean_hours_between_cases = mean_time_between_cases.total_seconds() / 60.0 / 60.0
print('Mean time between cases is: ' + str(round(mean_hours_between_cases,2)) + ' hours')
from scipy.stats import poisson
data_poisson = poisson.rvs(mu=mean_hours_between_cases, size=len(hb_create_times))
print(data_poisson)
import seaborn as sns
ax = sns.distplot(data_poisson,
bins=30,
kde=False,
color='skyblue',
hist_kws={"linewidth": 15,'alpha':1})
ax.set(xlabel='Poisson Distribution', ylabel='Frequency')
# Calculating throughput times for the entering of distributions in Arena
min_completion_times = pd.read_csv('C:/Users/vince_000/Documents/GitHub/Sim_V_MzW/Data/Created/min_completion_times.txt')
min_completion_times['min_completion_time'] = min_completion_times['min_completion_time'].astype("datetime64")
def generate_synthetic_activity_data():
actions = ["Sin_5", "MA1", "Sin_1"]
# transition matrix
T = np.array([[0.4, 0.3, 0.3],
[0.7, 0.2, 0.1],
[0.4, 0.1, 0.5]])
acts = [Sinusoidal(freq=5), MA1(), Sinusoidal(freq=2)]
act_samples = []
for i in range(len(acts)):
act_samples.append(acts[i].get_samples(0.0, 100))
iters = 2000
avg_durs = [30, 30, 30]
activity = 0 # start with A1
starts = list()
activities = list()
samples = np.zeros(0)
start = 0
curr = 0.
for i in range(iters):
starts.append(start)
activities.append(activity)
dur = poisson.rvs(avg_durs[activity])
curr_samples = acts[activity].get_samples(curr, dur)
samples = np.append(samples, curr_samples)
curr = curr_samples[-1]
start += dur
if False:
activity += 1 # maybe lookup transition matrix later
activity = 0 if activity >= len(actions) else activity
else:
activity = np.argmax(rnd.multinomial(1, T[activity, :]))
n = len(samples)
logger.debug("n: %d" % n)
logger.debug("samples:\n%s" % str(list(samples)))
# save the generated data to file(s)
output_path = "./temp/timeseries"
write_to_file(samples, "%s/samples_%d.csv" % (output_path, iters), add_row_index=True, fmt=["%3.6f"])
write_to_file(np.array(activities), "%s/activities_%d.csv" % (output_path, iters), add_row_index=True, fmt=["%d"])
write_to_file(np.array(starts), "%s/starts_%d.csv" % (output_path, iters), add_row_index=True, fmt=["%d"])
pdfpath = "temp/timeseries/timeseries_simulation.pdf"
dp = DataPlotter(pdfpath=pdfpath, rows=3, cols=1)
for i in range(len(acts)):
ns = len(act_samples[i])
pl = dp.get_next_plot()
plt.title("Simulated Time Series (%s)" % actions[i], fontsize=8)
pl.set_xlim([0, ns])
pl.plot(np.arange(0, ns), act_samples[i], 'b-')
pl = dp.get_next_plot()
plt.title("Simulated Time Series", fontsize=8)
pl.set_xlim([0, n])
pl.plot(np.arange(0, n), samples, 'b-')
if False:
for x in starts:
pl.axvline(x, color='red', linestyle='solid')
dp.close()
from stochproc.count_distributions.compound_poisson import CompoundPoisson
from stochproc.hypothesis.rate_test import rateratio_test, rateratio_test_two_sided
# mpl.rcParams.update({'text.color' : "white",
# 'axes.labelcolor' : "white",
# 'xtick.color' : "white",
# 'ytick.color' : "white",
# "axes.edgecolor" : "white"})
# fig, ax = plt.subplots(facecolor='black')
# #ax.set_axis_bgcolor("black")
# ax.set_facecolor("black")
#fig, ax = plt.subplots()
dist_rvs_compound = lambda lmb,t: CompoundPoisson.rvs_s(lmb*t,32,.3,compound='binom')
dist_rvs_poisson = lambda lmb,t: poisson.rvs(lmb*t)
def plot_tests_on_distributions():
alphas1,betas1,alpha_hats1 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_poisson)
alphas2,betas2,alpha_hats2 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_poisson, hypoth_fn=rateratio_test_two_sided)
#alphas2,betas2,alpha_hats2 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_compound, n_sim=50000)
alphas3,betas3,alpha_hats3 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_interarrivalw, n_sim=5000)
alphas4,betas4,alpha_hats4 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_interarrivalw, n_sim=5000, scale=25.0)
alphas5,betas5,alpha_hats5 = run_simulns(fn=dist_rvs_interarrivalw, n_sim=5000, scale=1/10.0)
plt.plot(alphas1,betas1,label='UMP poisson on poisson')
plt.plot(alphas2,betas2,label='UMP poisson on compound poisson')
plt.plot(alphas3,betas3,label='UMP poisson on interarrival weibull')
plt.plot(alphas4,betas4,label='UMP poisson sc:25.0 on interarrival weibull')
plt.plot(alphas5,betas5,label='UMP poisson sc:0.1 on interarrival weibull')
plt.xlabel('Alpha')