def local_normal_at(self, shape_point: Point) -> Vector:
maxc = max(abs(shape_point.x), abs(shape_point.y), abs(shape_point.z))
if maxc == abs(shape_point.x):
return vector(shape_point.x, 0, 0)
elif maxc == abs(shape_point.y):
return vector(0, shape_point.y, 0)
else:
return vector(0, 0, shape_point.z)
def local_normal_at(self, shape_point: Point) -> Vector:
# compute the square of teh distance from the y axis
distance = shape_point.x**2 + shape_point.z**2
# Calculating the normal at the top cap
if distance < 1 and shape_point.y >= self.maximum - EPSILON:
return vector(0, 1, 0)
# Calculating the normal at the bottom cap
elif distance < 1 and shape_point.y <= self.minimum + EPSILON:
return vector(0, -1, 0)
# The normal is at the side of the cylinders
else:
return vector(shape_point.x, 0, shape_point.z)
def ch7():
# Step 1
floor = Sphere()
floor.transform = Matrix.scaling(10, 0.01, 10)
floor.material = Material()
floor.material.color = Color(1, 0.9, 0.9)
floor.material.specular = 0
# Step 2
left_wall = Sphere()
left_wall.transform = Matrix.translation(0, 0, 5) * Matrix.rotation_y(-45) * \
Matrix.rotation_x(90) * Matrix.scaling(10, 0.01, 10)
left_wall.material = floor.material
# Step 3
right_wall = Sphere()
right_wall.transform = Matrix.translation(0, 0, 5) * Matrix.rotation_y(45) * \
Matrix.rotation_x(90) * Matrix.scaling(10, 0.01, 10)
right_wall.material = floor.material
# Step 4
middle = Sphere()
middle.transform = Matrix.translation(-0.5, 1, 0.5)
middle.material = Material()
middle.material.color = Color(0.1, 1, 0.5)
middle.material.diffuse = 0.7
middle.material.specular = 0.3
# Step 5
right = Sphere()
right.transform = Matrix.translation(1.5, 0.5, -0.5) * Matrix.scaling(
0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
right.material = Material()
right.material.color = Color(0.5, 1, 0.1)
right.material.diffuse = 0.7
right.material.specular = 0.3
# Step 6
left = Sphere()
left.transform = Matrix.translation(-1.5, 0.33, -0.75) * Matrix.scaling(
0.33, 0.33, 0.33)
left.material = Material()
left.material.color = Color(1, 0.8, 0.1)
left.material.diffuse = 0.7
left.material.specular = 0.3
world = World()
world.light = PointLight(point(-10, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
world.objects.extend([floor, left_wall, right_wall, middle, right, left])
camera = Camera(100, 50, 60)
# camera = Camera(500, 250, 60)
camera.transform = view_transform(point(0, 1.5, -5), point(0, 1, 0),
vector(0, 1, 0))
canvas = camera.render(world)
with open('ch8.ppm', 'w') as fp:
fp.write(canvas.to_ppm())
def ch14():
world = World()
world.light = PointLight(point(-10, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
hex = hexagon()
world.objects.append(hex)
camera = Camera(100, 50, 60)
camera.transform = view_transform(point(0, 2, -1), point(0, 0, 0),
vector(0, 1, 0))
canvas = camera.render(world)
with open('ch14.ppm', 'w') as fp:
fp.write(canvas.to_ppm())
def ch9():
# Step 1
floor = Plane()
floor.transform = Matrix.scaling(10, 0.01, 10)
floor.material = Material()
floor.material.color = Color(1, 0.9, 0.9)
floor.material.specular = 0
floor.material.pattern = StripePattern(Color(1, 0, 0), Color(0, 0, 1))
# Middle biggest sphere
middle = Sphere()
middle.transform = Matrix.translation(-0.5, 1, 0.5)
middle.material = Material()
middle.material.color = Color(0.1, 1, 0.5)
middle.material.diffuse = 0.7
middle.material.specular = 0.3
middle.material.pattern = RingPattern(Color(1, 0, 1), Color(1, 1, 1))
middle.material.pattern.transform = Matrix.scaling(0.25, 0.5, 0.25)
# Smaller right sphere
right = Sphere()
right.transform = Matrix.translation(1.5, 0.5, -0.5) * Matrix.scaling(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
right.material = Material()
right.material.color = Color(0.5, 1, 0.1)
right.material.diffuse = 0.7
right.material.specular = 0.3
right.material.reflective = 1.0
# Left yellow sphere
left = Sphere()
left.transform = Matrix.translation(-1.5, 0.33, -0.75) * Matrix.scaling(0.33, 0.33, 0.33)
left.material = Material()
left.material.color = Color(1, 0.8, 0.1)
left.material.diffuse = 0.7
left.material.specular = 0.3
world = World()
world.light = PointLight(point(-10, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
world.objects.extend([floor, middle, right, left])
camera = Camera(100, 50, 60)
# camera = Camera(500, 250, 60)
camera.transform = view_transform(point(0, 1.5, -5),
point(0, 1, 0),
vector(0, 1, 0))
canvas = camera.render(world)
with open('ch9.ppm', 'w') as fp:
fp.write(canvas.to_ppm())
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
context.v = vector(x, y, z)
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
context.up_vector = vector(x, y, z)
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.inv * context.v
assert expected == result, f'inv * v != {expected}'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.transform * context.v
assert expected == result, f'transform * v != {expected}'
# Can probably have this done internally in the Canvas class, but left
# it here for simplicity and it doesn't hide how the conversion is done.
def convert_position_to_canvas(canvas: Canvas, world_position: Vec3):
"""Converts the position from world to canvas. This is done by subtracting
the y world position from the canvas height, the other positions are left alone."""
return point(round(world_position.x),
round(canvas.height - world_position.y),
round(world_position.z))
if __name__ == '__main__':
start = point(0, 1,
0) # The starting position can be set anywhere different
velocity = vector(1, 1.8, 0).normalize(
) * 11.25 # This can be changed to any value to change the trajectory
p = Projectile(start, velocity)
gravity = vector(
0, -0.1,
0) # This can be changed to force the projectile down faster/slower
wind = vector(
-0.01, 0,
0) # This can changed to force the projectile forward less or more
e = Environment(gravity, wind)
screen_width = 900 # You can play around with the width of the canvas
screen_height = 550 # You can play around with the height of the canvas
c = Canvas(screen_width, screen_height)
def step_impl(context, px, py, pz, vx, vy, vz):
context.r = Ray(point(px, py, pz), vector(vx, vy, vz))
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.comps.normalv
assert expected == result, f'comps.normalv != {expected}'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
context.direction = vector(x, y, z)
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
assert context.t.normal == expected, f't.normal != vector({x}, {y}, {z})'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
context.n = context.s.normal_to_world(vector(x, y, z))
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.n3
assert expected == result, f'n3 != {expected}'
def local_normal_at(self, shape_point: Vec3) -> Vec3:
return vector(shape_point.x, shape_point.y, shape_point.z)
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.comps.reflectv
assert expected == result, f'{result} != {expected}'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.r2.direction
assert expected == result, f'r2.direction != {expected}'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
assert expected == context.r.direction, f'r.origin != {expected}'
def step_impl(context, x, y, z):
expected = vector(x, y, z)
result = context.s.saved_ray.direction
assert expected == result, f's.saved_ray.direction != {expected}'
