# <headingcell level=4>
# This block creates the objects for each statistic we'd like printed to Excel.<br>
# <br>
# It will report $R^2$, $R^2 adj,$ residuals, the f p-value, aic, the fitted model parameters, normality of the residuals, the Bruesh-Pagan Test for heteroscedasicity and the Harvey-Collier test for linearity.
# <codecell>
r_squared = model.rsquared
r_square_adj = model.rsquared_adj
residuals = model.resid
p = model.f_pvalue
aic = model.aic
pvalues = pd.DataFrame(model.pvalues)
params = pd.DataFrame(model.params)
normality = sms.jarque_bera(model.resid)
breush_pagan_hska = sms.het_breushpagan(model.resid, model.model.exog)
harvey_collier = sms.linear_harvey_collier(model)
# <headingcell level=4>
# Print the regression results to Excel
# <codecell>
Range("Results", "O6").value = "R^2"
Range("Results", "P6").value = r_squared
Range("Results", "O7").value = "R^2 Adjusted"
Range("Results", "P7").value = r_square_adj
url = 'http://vincentarelbundock.github.io/Rdatasets/csv/HistData/Guerry.csv'
dat = pd.read_csv(url)
# Fit regression model (using the natural log of one of the regressaors)
results = smf.ols('Lottery ~ Literacy + np.log(Pop1831)', data=dat).fit()
# Inspect the results
print(results.summary())
# ## Normality of the residuals
# Jarque-Bera test:
name = ['Jarque-Bera', 'Chi^2 two-tail prob.', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(results.resid)
lzip(name, test)
# Omni test:
name = ['Chi^2', 'Two-tail probability']
test = sms.omni_normtest(results.resid)
lzip(name, test)
# ## Influence tests
#
# Once created, an object of class ``OLSInfluence`` holds attributes and methods that allow users to assess the influence of each observation. For example, we can compute and extract the first few rows of DFbetas by:
from statsmodels.stats.outliers_influence import OLSInfluence
def Fig_OLS_Checks():
#fs = 10 # font size used across figures
#color = str()
#OrC = 'open'
SampSizes = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
Iterations = 100
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
# MODEL PARAMETERS
Rare_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Rich_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Dom_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Dom_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Even_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Even_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rare_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Rare_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rich_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Rich_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Dom_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Dom_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Even_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Even_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rare_MacSlope_pVals = []
Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Rich_MacSlope_pVals = []
Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Dom_MacSlope_pVals = []
Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Even_MacSlope_pVals = []
Even_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Rare_MicSlope_pVals = []
Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Rich_MicSlope_pVals = []
Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Dom_MicSlope_pVals = []
Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Even_MicSlope_pVals = []
Even_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
RareR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
RarepFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
RichR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
RichpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
DomR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
DompFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
EvenR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
EvenpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#RarepLinListHC = []
RarepLinListRainB = []
RarepLinListLM = []
#RichpLinListHC = []
RichpLinListRainB = []
RichpLinListLM = []
#DompLinListHC = []
DompLinListRainB = []
DompLinListLM = []
#EvenpLinListHC = []
EvenpLinListRainB = []
EvenpLinListLM = []
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
RarepCorrListBG = []
RarepCorrListF = []
RichpCorrListBG = []
RichpCorrListF = []
DompCorrListBG = []
DompCorrListF = []
EvenpCorrListBG = []
EvenpCorrListF = []
# 6. Homoscedacticity
RarepHomoHW = []
RarepHomoHB = []
RichpHomoHW = []
RichpHomoHB = []
DompHomoHW = []
DompHomoHB = []
EvenpHomoHW = []
EvenpHomoHB = []
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
RarepNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
RarepNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
RarepNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
RarepNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
RichpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
RichpNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
RichpNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
RichpNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
DompNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
DompNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
DompNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
DompNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
EvenpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
EvenpNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
EvenpNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
EvenpNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
NLIST = []
for SampSize in SampSizes:
sRare_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
sRich_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
sDom_MacIntercept_pVals = []
sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
sEven_MacIntercept_pVals = []
sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRare_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRich_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sDom_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sEven_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRare_MacSlope_pVals = []
sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sRich_MacSlope_pVals = []
sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sDom_MacSlope_pVals = []
sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sEven_MacSlope_pVals = []
sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sRare_MicSlope_pVals = []
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sRich_MicSlope_pVals = []
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sDom_MicSlope_pVals = []
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sEven_MicSlope_pVals = []
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sRareR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sRarepFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sRichR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sRichpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sDomR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sDompFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sEvenR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sEvenpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#sRarepLinListHC = []
sRarepLinListRainB = []
sRarepLinListLM = []
#sRichpLinListHC = []
sRichpLinListRainB = []
sRichpLinListLM = []
#sDompLinListHC = []
sDompLinListRainB = []
sDompLinListLM = []
#sEvenpLinListHC = []
sEvenpLinListRainB = []
sEvenpLinListLM = []
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
sRarepCorrListBG = []
sRarepCorrListF = []
sRichpCorrListBG = []
sRichpCorrListF = []
sDompCorrListBG = []
sDompCorrListF = []
sEvenpCorrListBG = []
sEvenpCorrListF = []
# 6. Homoscedacticity
sRarepHomoHW = []
sRarepHomoHB = []
sRichpHomoHW = []
sRichpHomoHB = []
sDompHomoHW = []
sDompHomoHB = []
sEvenpHomoHW = []
sEvenpHomoHB = []
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
sRarepNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sRarepNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sRarepNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sRarepNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sRichpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sRichpNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sRichpNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sRichpNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sDompNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sDompNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sDompNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sDompNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sEvenpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sEvenpNormListJB = [] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sEvenpNormListKS = [] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sEvenpNormListAD = [] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
for iteration in range(Iterations):
Nlist, Slist, Evarlist, ESimplist, ENeelist, EHeiplist, EQlist = [[], [], [], [], [], [], []]
klist, Shanlist, BPlist, SimpDomlist, SinglesList, tenlist, onelist = [[], [], [], [], [], [], []]
NmaxList, rareSkews, KindList = [[], [], []]
NSlist = []
ct = 0
radDATA = []
datasets = []
GoodNames = ['EMPclosed', 'HMP', 'BIGN', 'TARA', 'BOVINE', 'HUMAN', 'LAUB', 'SED', 'CHU', 'CHINA', 'CATLIN', 'FUNGI', 'HYDRO', 'BBS', 'CBC', 'MCDB', 'GENTRY', 'FIA'] # all microbe data is MGRAST
mlist = ['micro', 'macro']
for m in mlist:
for name in os.listdir(mydir +'data/'+m):
if name in GoodNames: pass
else: continue
path = mydir+'data/'+m+'/'+name+'/'+name+'-SADMetricData.txt'
num_lines = sum(1 for line in open(path))
datasets.append([name, m, num_lines])
numMac = 0
numMic = 0
radDATA = []
for d in datasets:
name, kind, numlines = d
lines = []
lines = np.random.choice(range(1, numlines+1), SampSize, replace=True)
path = mydir+'data/'+kind+'/'+name+'/'+name+'-SADMetricData.txt'
for line in lines:
data = linecache.getline(path, line)
radDATA.append(data)
#print name, kind, numlines, len(radDATA)
for data in radDATA:
data = data.split()
if len(data) == 0:
print 'no data'
continue
name, kind, N, S, Var, Evar, ESimp, EQ, O, ENee, EPielou, EHeip, BP, SimpDom, Nmax, McN, skew, logskew, chao1, ace, jknife1, jknife2, margalef, menhinick, preston_a, preston_S = data
N = float(N)
S = float(S)
Nlist.append(float(np.log(N)))
Slist.append(float(np.log(S)))
NSlist.append(float(np.log(N/S)))
Evarlist.append(float(np.log(float(Evar))))
ESimplist.append(float(np.log(float(ESimp))))
KindList.append(kind)
BPlist.append(float(BP))
NmaxList.append(float(np.log(float(BP)*float(N))))
EHeiplist.append(float(EHeip))
# lines for the log-modulo transformation of skewnness
skew = float(skew)
sign = 1
if skew < 0: sign = -1
lms = np.log(np.abs(skew) + 1)
lms = lms * sign
#if lms > 3: print name, N, S
rareSkews.append(float(lms))
if kind == 'macro': numMac += 1
elif kind == 'micro': numMic += 1
ct+=1
#print 'Sample Size:',SampSize, ' Mic:', numMic,'Mac:', numMac
# Multiple regression for Rarity
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Rarity'] = list(rareSkews)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
RarityResults = smf.ols('Rarity ~ N * Kind', d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RarityResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Rarity
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Richness'] = list(Slist)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
RichnessResults = smf.ols('Richness ~ N * Kind', d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RichnessResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Dominance
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Dominance'] = list(NmaxList)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
DomResults = smf.ols('Dominance ~ N * Kind', d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print DomResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Evenness
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Evenness'] = list(ESimplist)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
EvenResults = smf.ols('Evenness ~ N * Kind', d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RarityResults.summary(), '\n'
RareResids = RarityResults.resid # residuals of the model
RichResids = RichnessResults.resid # residuals of the model
DomResids = DomResults.resid # residuals of the model
EvenResids = EvenResults.resid # residuals of the model
# MODEL RESULTS/FIT
RareFpval = RarityResults.f_pvalue
Rarer2 = RarityResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = RareResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
RichFpval = RichnessResults.f_pvalue
Richr2 = RichnessResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = RichnessResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
DomFpval = DomResults.f_pvalue
Domr2 = DomResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = DomResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
EvenFpval = EvenResults.f_pvalue
Evenr2 = EvenResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = EvenResuls.rsquared_adj # adjusted
# MODEL PARAMETERS and p-values
Rareparams = RarityResults.params
Rareparams = Rareparams.tolist()
Rarepvals = RarityResults.pvalues
Rarepvals = Rarepvals.tolist()
Richparams = RichnessResults.params
Richparams = Richparams.tolist()
Richpvals = RichnessResults.pvalues
Richpvals = Richpvals.tolist()
Domparams = DomResults.params
Domparams = Domparams.tolist()
Dompvals = DomResults.pvalues
Dompvals = Dompvals.tolist()
Evenparams = EvenResults.params
Evenparams = Evenparams.tolist()
Evenpvals = EvenResults.pvalues
Evenpvals = Evenpvals.tolist()
sRare_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[0])
sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[0])
sRich_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[0])
sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[0])
sDom_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Dompvals[0])
sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[0])
sEven_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Evenpvals[0])
sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[0])
sRare_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[1])
if Rarepvals[1] > 0.05:
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[1])
else:
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[1])
sRich_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Richpvals[1])
if Richpvals[1] > 0.05:
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Richparams[1])
else:
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Richparams[1])
sDom_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Dompvals[1])
if Dompvals[1] > 0.05:
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[1])
else:
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[1])
sEven_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Evenpvals[1])
if Evenpvals[1] > 0.05:
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[1])
else:
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[1])
sRare_MacSlope_pVals.append(Rarepvals[2])
sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[2])
sRich_MacSlope_pVals.append(Richpvals[2])
sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[2])
sDom_MacSlope_pVals.append(Dompvals[2])
sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[2])
sEven_MacSlope_pVals.append(Evenpvals[2])
sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[2])
sRare_MicSlope_pVals.append(Rarepvals[3])
if Rarepvals[3] > 0.05:
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[3])
else:
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[3])
sRich_MicSlope_pVals.append(Richpvals[3])
if Richpvals[3] > 0.05:
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[3])
else:
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[3])
sDom_MicSlope_pVals.append(Dompvals[3])
if Dompvals[3] > 0.05:
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[3])
else:
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[3])
sEven_MicSlope_pVals.append(Evenpvals[3])
if Evenpvals[3] > 0.05:
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[3])
else:
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[3])
sRareR2List.append(Rarer2)
sRarepFList.append(RareFpval)
sRichR2List.append(Richr2)
sRichpFList.append(RichFpval)
sDomR2List.append(Domr2)
sDompFList.append(DomFpval)
sEvenR2List.append(Evenr2)
sEvenpFList.append(EvenFpval)
# TESTS OF LINEAR REGRESSION ASSUMPTIONS
# Error in predictor variables is negligible...Presumably Yes
# Variables are measured at the continuous level...Definitely Yes
# TESTS FOR LINEARITY, i.e., WHETHER THE DATA ARE CORRECTLY MODELED AS LINEAR
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(RarityResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sRarepLinListHC.append(HC)
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(DomResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sDompLinListHC.append(HC)
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(EvenResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sEvenpLinListHC.append(HC)
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(RarityResults) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sRarepLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(RichnessResults) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sRichpLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(DomResults) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sDompLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(EvenResults) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sEvenpLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(RarityResults.resid, RarityResults.model.exog) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sRarepLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(RichnessResults.resid, RichnessResults.model.exog) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sRichpLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(DomResults.resid, DomResults.model.exog) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sDompLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(EvenResults.resid, EvenResults.model.exog) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sEvenpLinListLM.append(LM[1])
# INDEPENDENCE OF OBSERVATIONS (no serial correlation in residuals)
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(RarityResults, nlags=None, store=False) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(RareResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sRarepCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sRarepCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(RichnessResults, nlags=None, store=False) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(RichResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sRichpCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sRichpCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(DomResults, nlags=None, store=False) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(DomResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sDompCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sDompCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(EvenResults, nlags=None, store=False) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(EvenResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sEvenpCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sEvenpCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
# There are no significant outliers...Need tests or measures/metrics
# HOMOSCEDASTICITY
# These tests return:
# 1. lagrange multiplier statistic,
# 2. p-value of lagrange multiplier test,
# 3. f-statistic of the hypothesis that the error variance does not depend on x,
# 4. p-value for the f-statistic
HW = sms.het_white(RareResids, RarityResults.model.exog)
sRarepHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(RichResids, RichnessResults.model.exog)
sRichpHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(DomResids, DomResults.model.exog)
sDompHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(EvenResids, EvenResults.model.exog)
sEvenpHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(RareResids, RarityResults.model.exog)
sRarepHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(RichResids, RichnessResults.model.exog)
sRichpHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(DomResids, DomResults.model.exog)
sDompHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(EvenResids, EvenResults.model.exog)
sEvenpHomoHB.append(HB[3])
# 7. NORMALITY OF ERROR TERMS
O = sms.omni_normtest(RareResids)
sRarepNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(RichResids)
sRichpNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(DomResids)
sDompNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListOmni.append(O[1])
JB = sms.jarque_bera(RareResids)
sRarepNormListJB.append(JB[1]) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(RichResids)
sRichpNormListJB.append(JB[1]) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(DomResids)
sDompNormListJB.append(JB[1]) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListJB.append(JB[1]) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
KS = smd.kstest_normal(RareResids)
sRarepNormListKS.append(KS[1]) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(RichResids)
sRichpNormListKS.append(KS[1]) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(DomResids)
sDompNormListKS.append(KS[1]) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListKS.append(KS[1]) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(RareResids)
sRarepNormListAD.append(AD[1]) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(RichResids)
sRichpNormListAD.append(AD[1]) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(DomResids)
sDompNormListAD.append(AD[1]) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListAD.append(AD[1]) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
print 'Sample size:',SampSize, 'iteration:',iteration
NLIST.append(SampSize)
Rare_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MacIntercept_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MacIntercept_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rich_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Dom_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MacIntercept_pVals))
Dom_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs))
Even_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MacIntercept_pVals))
Even_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs))
Rare_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MicIntercept_pVals))
Rare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Rich_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MicIntercept_pVals))
Rich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Dom_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MicIntercept_pVals))
Dom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Even_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MicIntercept_pVals))
Even_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Rare_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MacSlope_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MacSlope_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Dom_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MacSlope_pVals))
Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs))
Even_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MacSlope_pVals))
Even_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs))
Rare_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MicSlope_pVals))
Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Rich_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MicSlope_pVals))
Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Dom_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MicSlope_pVals))
Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Even_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MicSlope_pVals))
Even_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs))
RareR2List.append(np.mean(sRareR2List))
RarepFList.append(np.mean(sRarepFList))
RichR2List.append(np.mean(sRichR2List))
RichpFList.append(np.mean(sRichpFList))
DomR2List.append(np.mean(sDomR2List))
DompFList.append(np.mean(sDompFList))
EvenR2List.append(np.mean(sEvenR2List))
EvenpFList.append(np.mean(sEvenpFList))
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#RarepLinListHC.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListHC))
RarepLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListRainB))
RarepLinListLM.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListLM))
#RichpLinListHC.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListHC))
RichpLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListRainB))
RichpLinListLM.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListLM))
#DompLinListHC.append(np.mean(sDompLinListHC))
DompLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sDompLinListRainB))
DompLinListLM.append(np.mean(sDompLinListLM))
#EvenpLinListHC.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListHC))
EvenpLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListRainB))
EvenpLinListLM.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListLM))
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
RarepCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sRarepCorrListBG))
RarepCorrListF.append(np.mean(sRarepCorrListF))
RichpCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sRichpCorrListBG))
RichpCorrListF.append(np.mean(sRichpCorrListF))
DompCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sDompCorrListBG))
DompCorrListF.append(np.mean(sDompCorrListF))
EvenpCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sEvenpCorrListBG))
EvenpCorrListF.append(np.mean(sEvenpCorrListF))
# 6. Homoscedacticity
RarepHomoHW.append(np.mean(sRarepHomoHW))
RarepHomoHB.append(np.mean(sRarepHomoHB))
RichpHomoHB.append(np.mean(sRichpHomoHB))
RichpHomoHW.append(np.mean(sRichpHomoHW))
DompHomoHW.append(np.mean(sDompHomoHW))
DompHomoHB.append(np.mean(sDompHomoHB))
EvenpHomoHW.append(np.mean(sEvenpHomoHW))
EvenpHomoHB.append(np.mean(sEvenpHomoHB))
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
RarepNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListOmni))
RarepNormListJB.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListJB))
RarepNormListKS.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListKS))
RarepNormListAD.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListAD))
RichpNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListOmni))
RichpNormListJB.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListJB))
RichpNormListKS.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListKS))
RichpNormListAD.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListAD))
DompNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sDompNormListOmni))
DompNormListJB.append(np.mean(sDompNormListJB))
DompNormListKS.append(np.mean(sDompNormListKS))
DompNormListAD.append(np.mean(sDompNormListAD))
EvenpNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListOmni))
EvenpNormListJB.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListJB))
EvenpNormListKS.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListKS))
EvenpNormListAD.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListAD))
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1,max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.ylim(0,1)
plt.xscale('log')
# Rarity R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST,RareR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.6, 'Rarity', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4,prop={'size':14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 2)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.16)
# Rarity Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, RareIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 3)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.6)
plt.xscale('log')
# Rarity p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(RarepLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST,RarepLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST,RarepCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST,RarepHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 4)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0,1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Dominance R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, DomR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.82, 'Dominance', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4,prop={'size':14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 5)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 1.2)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Dominance Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DomIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 6)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.xscale('log')
#plt.yscale('log')
plt.ylim(0, 0.6)
# Dominance p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(DompLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, DompLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, DompCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, DompHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompHomoHB, c='r',ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 7)
plt.text(1.01, 0.7, 'Evenness', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0,1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Evenness R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4,prop={'size':14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 8)
plt.ylim(-0.25, 0.0)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Evenness Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Even_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Even_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 9)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.3)
# Evenness p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(EvenpLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListJB, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListKS, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListAD, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0,1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Dominance R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, RichR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.82, 'Richness', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4,prop={'size':14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 11)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 1.2)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
# Richness Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, RichIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=10,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 12)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes)-1, max(SampSizes)+10)
plt.xscale('log')
# Richness p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(RichpLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST,RichpLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST,RichpHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=1,prop={'size':8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
#plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=fs-3)
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4)
plt.savefig(mydir+'figs/appendix/SampleSize/SampleSizeEffects.png', dpi=600, bbox_inches = "tight")
#plt.close()
#plt.show()
return
# ADF検定の結果、日中立会の間のは終値－始値の動きは、ドリフト無し、ドリフト付き、ドリフト＋確定的トレンド付きモデルでランダムウォークであるという帰無仮説を棄却しています。また、日中立会と夜間立会の間、夜間立会の間、夜間立会から日中立会の間でも一緒です。
# In[115]:
#各種統計量の算出、比較
import statsmodels.api as sm
import numpy as np
from statsmodels.compat import lzip
import statsmodels.stats.api as sms
print('adf nc',sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1,regression='nc')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print('adf c',sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1,regression='c')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print('adf ct',sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1,regression='ct')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(session.s1.mean()/session.s1.std()*np.sqrt(session.s1.count()))
estimator = ['JB', 'Chi-squared p-value', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(session.s1)
print('s1: ',lzip(estimator, test))
# In[116]:
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12,regression='nc')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12,regression='c')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12,regression='ct')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(session.s1.mean()/session.s12.std()*np.sqrt(session.s1.count()))
estimator = ['JB', 'Chi-squared p-value', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(session.s12)
print('s12: ',lzip(estimator, test))
def Fig_OLS_Checks():
#fs = 10 # font size used across figures
#color = str()
#OrC = 'open'
SampSizes = [
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
]
Iterations = 100
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
# MODEL PARAMETERS
Rare_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Rich_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Dom_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Dom_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Even_MacIntercept_pVals = []
Even_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rare_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Rare_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rich_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Rich_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Dom_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Dom_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Even_MicIntercept_pVals = []
Even_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
Rare_MacSlope_pVals = []
Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Rich_MacSlope_pVals = []
Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Dom_MacSlope_pVals = []
Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Even_MacSlope_pVals = []
Even_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
Rare_MicSlope_pVals = []
Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Rich_MicSlope_pVals = []
Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Dom_MicSlope_pVals = []
Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
Even_MicSlope_pVals = []
Even_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
RareR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
RarepFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
RichR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
RichpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
DomR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
DompFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
EvenR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
EvenpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#RarepLinListHC = []
RarepLinListRainB = []
RarepLinListLM = []
#RichpLinListHC = []
RichpLinListRainB = []
RichpLinListLM = []
#DompLinListHC = []
DompLinListRainB = []
DompLinListLM = []
#EvenpLinListHC = []
EvenpLinListRainB = []
EvenpLinListLM = []
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
RarepCorrListBG = []
RarepCorrListF = []
RichpCorrListBG = []
RichpCorrListF = []
DompCorrListBG = []
DompCorrListF = []
EvenpCorrListBG = []
EvenpCorrListF = []
# 6. Homoscedacticity
RarepHomoHW = []
RarepHomoHB = []
RichpHomoHW = []
RichpHomoHB = []
DompHomoHW = []
DompHomoHB = []
EvenpHomoHW = []
EvenpHomoHB = []
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
RarepNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
RarepNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
RarepNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
RarepNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
RichpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
RichpNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
RichpNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
RichpNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
DompNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
DompNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
DompNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
DompNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
EvenpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
EvenpNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
EvenpNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
EvenpNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
NLIST = []
for SampSize in SampSizes:
sRare_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
sRich_MacIntercept_pVals = [] # List to hold coefficient p-values
sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs = [] # List to hold coefficients
sDom_MacIntercept_pVals = []
sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
sEven_MacIntercept_pVals = []
sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRare_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRich_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sDom_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sEven_MicIntercept_pVals = []
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs = []
sRare_MacSlope_pVals = []
sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sRich_MacSlope_pVals = []
sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sDom_MacSlope_pVals = []
sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sEven_MacSlope_pVals = []
sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs = []
sRare_MicSlope_pVals = []
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sRich_MicSlope_pVals = []
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sDom_MicSlope_pVals = []
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sEven_MicSlope_pVals = []
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs = []
sRareR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sRarepFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sRichR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sRichpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sDomR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sDompFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
sEvenR2List = [] # List to hold model R2
sEvenpFList = [] # List to hold significance of model R2
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#sRarepLinListHC = []
sRarepLinListRainB = []
sRarepLinListLM = []
#sRichpLinListHC = []
sRichpLinListRainB = []
sRichpLinListLM = []
#sDompLinListHC = []
sDompLinListRainB = []
sDompLinListLM = []
#sEvenpLinListHC = []
sEvenpLinListRainB = []
sEvenpLinListLM = []
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
sRarepCorrListBG = []
sRarepCorrListF = []
sRichpCorrListBG = []
sRichpCorrListF = []
sDompCorrListBG = []
sDompCorrListF = []
sEvenpCorrListBG = []
sEvenpCorrListF = []
# 6. Homoscedacticity
sRarepHomoHW = []
sRarepHomoHB = []
sRichpHomoHW = []
sRichpHomoHB = []
sDompHomoHW = []
sDompHomoHB = []
sEvenpHomoHW = []
sEvenpHomoHB = []
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
sRarepNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sRarepNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sRarepNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sRarepNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sRichpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sRichpNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sRichpNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sRichpNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sDompNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sDompNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sDompNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sDompNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
sEvenpNormListOmni = [] # Omnibus test for normality
sEvenpNormListJB = [
] # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
sEvenpNormListKS = [
] # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
sEvenpNormListAD = [
] # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
for iteration in range(Iterations):
Nlist, Slist, Evarlist, ESimplist, ENeelist, EHeiplist, EQlist = [
[], [], [], [], [], [], []
]
klist, Shanlist, BPlist, SimpDomlist, SinglesList, tenlist, onelist = [
[], [], [], [], [], [], []
]
NmaxList, rareSkews, KindList = [[], [], []]
NSlist = []
ct = 0
radDATA = []
datasets = []
GoodNames = [
'EMPclosed', 'HMP', 'BIGN', 'TARA', 'BOVINE', 'HUMAN', 'LAUB',
'SED', 'CHU', 'CHINA', 'CATLIN', 'FUNGI', 'HYDRO', 'BBS',
'CBC', 'MCDB', 'GENTRY', 'FIA'
] # all microbe data is MGRAST
mlist = ['micro', 'macro']
for m in mlist:
for name in os.listdir(mydir + 'data/' + m):
if name in GoodNames: pass
else: continue
path = mydir + 'data/' + m + '/' + name + '/' + name + '-SADMetricData.txt'
num_lines = sum(1 for line in open(path))
datasets.append([name, m, num_lines])
numMac = 0
numMic = 0
radDATA = []
for d in datasets:
name, kind, numlines = d
lines = []
lines = np.random.choice(range(1, numlines + 1),
SampSize,
replace=True)
path = mydir + 'data/' + kind + '/' + name + '/' + name + '-SADMetricData.txt'
for line in lines:
data = linecache.getline(path, line)
radDATA.append(data)
#print name, kind, numlines, len(radDATA)
for data in radDATA:
data = data.split()
if len(data) == 0:
print 'no data'
continue
name, kind, N, S, Var, Evar, ESimp, EQ, O, ENee, EPielou, EHeip, BP, SimpDom, Nmax, McN, skew, logskew, chao1, ace, jknife1, jknife2, margalef, menhinick, preston_a, preston_S = data
N = float(N)
S = float(S)
Nlist.append(float(np.log(N)))
Slist.append(float(np.log(S)))
NSlist.append(float(np.log(N / S)))
Evarlist.append(float(np.log(float(Evar))))
ESimplist.append(float(np.log(float(ESimp))))
KindList.append(kind)
BPlist.append(float(BP))
NmaxList.append(float(np.log(float(BP) * float(N))))
EHeiplist.append(float(EHeip))
# lines for the log-modulo transformation of skewnness
skew = float(skew)
sign = 1
if skew < 0: sign = -1
lms = np.log(np.abs(skew) + 1)
lms = lms * sign
#if lms > 3: print name, N, S
rareSkews.append(float(lms))
if kind == 'macro': numMac += 1
elif kind == 'micro': numMic += 1
ct += 1
#print 'Sample Size:',SampSize, ' Mic:', numMic,'Mac:', numMac
# Multiple regression for Rarity
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Rarity'] = list(rareSkews)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
RarityResults = smf.ols(
'Rarity ~ N * Kind',
d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RarityResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Rarity
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Richness'] = list(Slist)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
RichnessResults = smf.ols(
'Richness ~ N * Kind',
d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RichnessResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Dominance
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Dominance'] = list(NmaxList)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
DomResults = smf.ols(
'Dominance ~ N * Kind',
d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print DomResults.summary(), '\n'
# Multiple regression for Evenness
d = pd.DataFrame({'N': list(Nlist)})
d['Evenness'] = list(ESimplist)
d['Kind'] = list(KindList)
EvenResults = smf.ols(
'Evenness ~ N * Kind',
d).fit() # Fit the dummy variable regression model
#print RarityResults.summary(), '\n'
RareResids = RarityResults.resid # residuals of the model
RichResids = RichnessResults.resid # residuals of the model
DomResids = DomResults.resid # residuals of the model
EvenResids = EvenResults.resid # residuals of the model
# MODEL RESULTS/FIT
RareFpval = RarityResults.f_pvalue
Rarer2 = RarityResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = RareResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
RichFpval = RichnessResults.f_pvalue
Richr2 = RichnessResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = RichnessResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
DomFpval = DomResults.f_pvalue
Domr2 = DomResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = DomResults.rsquared_adj # adjusted
EvenFpval = EvenResults.f_pvalue
Evenr2 = EvenResults.rsquared # coefficient of determination
#Adj_r2 = EvenResuls.rsquared_adj # adjusted
# MODEL PARAMETERS and p-values
Rareparams = RarityResults.params
Rareparams = Rareparams.tolist()
Rarepvals = RarityResults.pvalues
Rarepvals = Rarepvals.tolist()
Richparams = RichnessResults.params
Richparams = Richparams.tolist()
Richpvals = RichnessResults.pvalues
Richpvals = Richpvals.tolist()
Domparams = DomResults.params
Domparams = Domparams.tolist()
Dompvals = DomResults.pvalues
Dompvals = Dompvals.tolist()
Evenparams = EvenResults.params
Evenparams = Evenparams.tolist()
Evenpvals = EvenResults.pvalues
Evenpvals = Evenpvals.tolist()
sRare_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[0])
sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[0])
sRich_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[0])
sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[0])
sDom_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Dompvals[0])
sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[0])
sEven_MacIntercept_pVals.append(Evenpvals[0])
sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[0])
sRare_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Rarepvals[1])
if Rarepvals[1] > 0.05:
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[1])
else:
sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[1])
sRich_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Richpvals[1])
if Richpvals[1] > 0.05:
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Richparams[1])
else:
sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Richparams[1])
sDom_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Dompvals[1])
if Dompvals[1] > 0.05:
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[1])
else:
sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Domparams[1])
sEven_MicIntercept_pVals.append(Evenpvals[1])
if Evenpvals[1] > 0.05:
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[1])
else:
sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[1])
sRare_MacSlope_pVals.append(Rarepvals[2])
sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[2])
sRich_MacSlope_pVals.append(Richpvals[2])
sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[2])
sDom_MacSlope_pVals.append(Dompvals[2])
sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[2])
sEven_MacSlope_pVals.append(Evenpvals[2])
sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[2])
sRare_MicSlope_pVals.append(Rarepvals[3])
if Rarepvals[3] > 0.05:
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[3])
else:
sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Rareparams[3])
sRich_MicSlope_pVals.append(Richpvals[3])
if Richpvals[3] > 0.05:
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[3])
else:
sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Richparams[3])
sDom_MicSlope_pVals.append(Dompvals[3])
if Dompvals[3] > 0.05:
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[3])
else:
sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Domparams[3])
sEven_MicSlope_pVals.append(Evenpvals[3])
if Evenpvals[3] > 0.05:
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[3])
else:
sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(Evenparams[3])
sRareR2List.append(Rarer2)
sRarepFList.append(RareFpval)
sRichR2List.append(Richr2)
sRichpFList.append(RichFpval)
sDomR2List.append(Domr2)
sDompFList.append(DomFpval)
sEvenR2List.append(Evenr2)
sEvenpFList.append(EvenFpval)
# TESTS OF LINEAR REGRESSION ASSUMPTIONS
# Error in predictor variables is negligible...Presumably Yes
# Variables are measured at the continuous level...Definitely Yes
# TESTS FOR LINEARITY, i.e., WHETHER THE DATA ARE CORRECTLY MODELED AS LINEAR
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(RarityResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sRarepLinListHC.append(HC)
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(DomResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sDompLinListHC.append(HC)
#HC = smd.linear_harvey_collier(EvenResults) # Harvey Collier test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
#sEvenpLinListHC.append(HC)
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(
RarityResults
) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sRarepLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(
RichnessResults
) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sRichpLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(
DomResults
) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sDompLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
RB = smd.linear_rainbow(
EvenResults
) # Rainbow test for linearity. The Null hypothesis is that the regression is correctly modeled as linear.
sEvenpLinListRainB.append(RB[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(RarityResults.resid, RarityResults.model.exog
) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sRarepLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(RichnessResults.resid,
RichnessResults.model.exog
) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sRichpLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(DomResults.resid, DomResults.model.exog
) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sDompLinListLM.append(LM[1])
LM = smd.linear_lm(EvenResults.resid, EvenResults.model.exog
) # Lagrangian multiplier test for linearity
sEvenpLinListLM.append(LM[1])
# INDEPENDENCE OF OBSERVATIONS (no serial correlation in residuals)
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(
RarityResults, nlags=None, store=False
) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(RareResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sRarepCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sRarepCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(
RichnessResults, nlags=None, store=False
) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(RichResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sRichpCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sRichpCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(
DomResults, nlags=None, store=False
) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(DomResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sDompCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sDompCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
BGtest = smd.acorr_breush_godfrey(
EvenResults, nlags=None, store=False
) # Breusch Godfrey Lagrange Multiplier tests for residual autocorrelation
# Lagrange multiplier test statistic, p-value for Lagrange multiplier test, fstatistic for F test, pvalue for F test
#BGtest = smd.acorr_ljungbox(EvenResids, lags=None, boxpierce=True)
sEvenpCorrListBG.append(BGtest[1])
sEvenpCorrListF.append(BGtest[3])
# There are no significant outliers...Need tests or measures/metrics
# HOMOSCEDASTICITY
# These tests return:
# 1. lagrange multiplier statistic,
# 2. p-value of lagrange multiplier test,
# 3. f-statistic of the hypothesis that the error variance does not depend on x,
# 4. p-value for the f-statistic
HW = sms.het_white(RareResids, RarityResults.model.exog)
sRarepHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(RichResids, RichnessResults.model.exog)
sRichpHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(DomResids, DomResults.model.exog)
sDompHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HW = sms.het_white(EvenResids, EvenResults.model.exog)
sEvenpHomoHW.append(HW[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(RareResids, RarityResults.model.exog)
sRarepHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(RichResids, RichnessResults.model.exog)
sRichpHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(DomResids, DomResults.model.exog)
sDompHomoHB.append(HB[3])
HB = sms.het_breushpagan(EvenResids, EvenResults.model.exog)
sEvenpHomoHB.append(HB[3])
# 7. NORMALITY OF ERROR TERMS
O = sms.omni_normtest(RareResids)
sRarepNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(RichResids)
sRichpNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(DomResids)
sDompNormListOmni.append(O[1])
O = sms.omni_normtest(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListOmni.append(O[1])
JB = sms.jarque_bera(RareResids)
sRarepNormListJB.append(
JB[1]
) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(RichResids)
sRichpNormListJB.append(
JB[1]
) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(DomResids)
sDompNormListJB.append(
JB[1]
) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
JB = sms.jarque_bera(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListJB.append(
JB[1]
) # Calculate residual skewness, kurtosis, and do the JB test for normality
KS = smd.kstest_normal(RareResids)
sRarepNormListKS.append(
KS[1]
) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(RichResids)
sRichpNormListKS.append(
KS[1]
) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(DomResids)
sDompNormListKS.append(
KS[1]
) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
KS = smd.kstest_normal(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListKS.append(
KS[1]
) # Lillifors test for normality, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with estimated mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(RareResids)
sRarepNormListAD.append(
AD[1]
) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(RichResids)
sRichpNormListAD.append(
AD[1]
) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(DomResids)
sDompNormListAD.append(
AD[1]
) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
AD = smd.normal_ad(EvenResids)
sEvenpNormListAD.append(
AD[1]
) # Anderson-Darling test for normal distribution unknown mean and variance
print 'Sample size:', SampSize, 'iteration:', iteration
NLIST.append(SampSize)
Rare_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(
sRare_MacIntercept_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(
np.mean(sRare_MacIntercept_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(
sRich_MacIntercept_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rich_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(
np.mean(sRich_MacIntercept_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Dom_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MacIntercept_pVals))
Dom_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MacIntercept_Coeffs))
Even_MacIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MacIntercept_pVals))
Even_MacIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MacIntercept_Coeffs))
Rare_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MicIntercept_pVals))
Rare_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Rich_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MicIntercept_pVals))
Rich_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Dom_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MicIntercept_pVals))
Dom_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Even_MicIntercept_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MicIntercept_pVals))
Even_MicIntercept_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MicIntercept_Coeffs))
Rare_MacSlope_pVals.append(
np.mean(sRare_MacSlope_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(
np.mean(sRare_MacSlope_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Rich_MacSlope_pVals.append(
np.mean(sRich_MacSlope_pVals)) # List to hold coefficient p-values
Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(
np.mean(sRich_MacSlope_Coeffs)) # List to hold coefficients
Dom_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MacSlope_pVals))
Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MacSlope_Coeffs))
Even_MacSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MacSlope_pVals))
Even_MacSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MacSlope_Coeffs))
Rare_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRare_MicSlope_pVals))
Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRare_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Rich_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sRich_MicSlope_pVals))
Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sRich_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Dom_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sDom_MicSlope_pVals))
Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sDom_MicSlope_Coeffs))
Even_MicSlope_pVals.append(np.mean(sEven_MicSlope_pVals))
Even_MicSlope_Coeffs.append(np.mean(sEven_MicSlope_Coeffs))
RareR2List.append(np.mean(sRareR2List))
RarepFList.append(np.mean(sRarepFList))
RichR2List.append(np.mean(sRichR2List))
RichpFList.append(np.mean(sRichpFList))
DomR2List.append(np.mean(sDomR2List))
DompFList.append(np.mean(sDompFList))
EvenR2List.append(np.mean(sEvenR2List))
EvenpFList.append(np.mean(sEvenpFList))
# ASSUMPTIONS OF LINEAR REGRESSION
# 1. Error in predictor variables is negligible...presumably yes
# 2. Variables are measured at the continuous level...yes
# 3. The relationship is linear
#RarepLinListHC.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListHC))
RarepLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListRainB))
RarepLinListLM.append(np.mean(sRarepLinListLM))
#RichpLinListHC.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListHC))
RichpLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListRainB))
RichpLinListLM.append(np.mean(sRichpLinListLM))
#DompLinListHC.append(np.mean(sDompLinListHC))
DompLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sDompLinListRainB))
DompLinListLM.append(np.mean(sDompLinListLM))
#EvenpLinListHC.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListHC))
EvenpLinListRainB.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListRainB))
EvenpLinListLM.append(np.mean(sEvenpLinListLM))
# 4. There are no significant outliers...need to find tests or measures
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
RarepCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sRarepCorrListBG))
RarepCorrListF.append(np.mean(sRarepCorrListF))
RichpCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sRichpCorrListBG))
RichpCorrListF.append(np.mean(sRichpCorrListF))
DompCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sDompCorrListBG))
DompCorrListF.append(np.mean(sDompCorrListF))
EvenpCorrListBG.append(np.mean(sEvenpCorrListBG))
EvenpCorrListF.append(np.mean(sEvenpCorrListF))
# 6. Homoscedacticity
RarepHomoHW.append(np.mean(sRarepHomoHW))
RarepHomoHB.append(np.mean(sRarepHomoHB))
RichpHomoHB.append(np.mean(sRichpHomoHB))
RichpHomoHW.append(np.mean(sRichpHomoHW))
DompHomoHW.append(np.mean(sDompHomoHW))
DompHomoHB.append(np.mean(sDompHomoHB))
EvenpHomoHW.append(np.mean(sEvenpHomoHW))
EvenpHomoHB.append(np.mean(sEvenpHomoHB))
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
RarepNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListOmni))
RarepNormListJB.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListJB))
RarepNormListKS.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListKS))
RarepNormListAD.append(np.mean(sRarepNormListAD))
RichpNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListOmni))
RichpNormListJB.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListJB))
RichpNormListKS.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListKS))
RichpNormListAD.append(np.mean(sRichpNormListAD))
DompNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sDompNormListOmni))
DompNormListJB.append(np.mean(sDompNormListJB))
DompNormListKS.append(np.mean(sDompNormListKS))
DompNormListAD.append(np.mean(sDompNormListAD))
EvenpNormListOmni.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListOmni))
EvenpNormListJB.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListJB))
EvenpNormListKS.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListKS))
EvenpNormListAD.append(np.mean(sEvenpNormListAD))
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.ylim(0, 1)
plt.xscale('log')
# Rarity R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, RareR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.6, 'Rarity', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4, prop={'size': 14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 2)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.16)
# Rarity Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Rare_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Rare_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, RareIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 3)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.6)
plt.xscale('log')
# Rarity p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(RarepLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, RarepLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, RarepCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, RarepHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, RarepNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RarepNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 4)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0, 1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Dominance R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, DomR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.82, 'Dominance', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4, prop={'size': 14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 5)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 1.2)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Dominance Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Dom_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Dom_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DomIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 6)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.xscale('log')
#plt.yscale('log')
plt.ylim(0, 0.6)
# Dominance p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(DompLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, DompLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, DompCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, DompHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompHomoHB, c='r',ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST, DompNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 7)
plt.text(1.01, 0.7, 'Evenness', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0, 1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Evenness R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4, prop={'size': 14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 8)
plt.ylim(-0.25, 0.0)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Evenness Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Even_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Even_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
leg = plt.legend(loc=10, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 9)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0.0, 0.3)
# Evenness p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(EvenpLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListJB, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListKS, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpNormListAD, c='Lime', alpha=0.9, ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
leg = plt.legend(loc=1, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 10)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.ylim(0, 1)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Dominance R2 vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, RichR2List, c='0.2', ls='--', lw=2, label=r'$R^2$')
plt.ylabel(r'$R^2$', fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
plt.text(1.01, 0.82, 'Richness', rotation='vertical', fontsize=16)
leg = plt.legend(loc=4, prop={'size': 14})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 11)
plt.ylim(-0.2, 1.2)
plt.xscale('log')
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
# Richness Coeffs vs. Sample Size
plt.plot(NLIST, Rich_MicSlope_Coeffs, c='r', lw=2, label='Microbe')
plt.plot(NLIST, Rich_MacSlope_Coeffs, c='b', lw=2, label='Macrobe')
#plt.plot(NLIST, RichIntCoeffList, c='g', label='Interaction')
plt.ylabel('Coefficient')
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=10, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
fig.add_subplot(4, 3, 12)
plt.xlim(min(SampSizes) - 1, max(SampSizes) + 10)
plt.xscale('log')
# Richness p-vals vs. Sample Size
# 3. The relationship is linear
#plt.plot(RichpLinListHC, NLIST, c='m', alpha=0.8)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpLinListRainB, c='m')
plt.plot(NLIST, RichpLinListLM, c='m', ls='-', label='linearity')
# 5. Independence of observations (no serial correlation in residuals)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpCorrListBG, c='c')
plt.plot(NLIST, EvenpCorrListF, c='c', ls='-', label='autocorrelation')
# 6. Homoscedacticity
plt.plot(NLIST, RichpHomoHW, c='orange', ls='-', label='homoscedasticity')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpHomoHB, c='r', ls='-')
# 7. Normally distributed residuals (errors)
plt.plot(NLIST, RichpNormListOmni, c='Lime', ls='-', label='normality')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListJB, c='Lime', ls='-')
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListKS, c='Lime', ls='--', lw=3)
#plt.plot(NLIST,RichpNormListAD, c='Lime', ls='--')
plt.plot([1, 100], [0.05, 0.05], c='0.2', ls='--')
plt.ylabel('p-value')
plt.xlabel('Sample size', fontsize=14)
leg = plt.legend(loc=1, prop={'size': 8})
leg.draw_frame(False)
#plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=fs-3)
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4)
plt.savefig(mydir + 'figs/appendix/SampleSize/SampleSizeEffects.png',
dpi=600,
bbox_inches="tight")
#plt.close()
#plt.show()
return
# Load data
url = 'http://vincentarelbundock.github.io/Rdatasets/csv/HistData/Guerry.csv'
dat = pd.read_csv(url)
# Fit regression model (using the natural log of one of the regressaors)
results = smf.ols('Lottery ~ Literacy + np.log(Pop1831)', data=dat).fit()
# Inspect the results
print(results.summary())
# ## Normality of the residuals
# Jarque-Bera test:
name = ['Jarque-Bera', 'Chi^2 two-tail prob.', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(results.resid)
zip(name, test)
# Omni test:
name = ['Chi^2', 'Two-tail probability']
test = sms.omni_normtest(results.resid)
zip(name, test)
# ## Influence tests
#
# Once created, an object of class ``OLSInfluence`` holds attributes and methods that allow users to assess the influence of each observation. For example, we can compute and extract the first few rows of DFbetas by:
from statsmodels.stats.outliers_influence import OLSInfluence
test_class = OLSInfluence(results)
test_class.dfbetas[:5, :]
print(session.s1.describe())
print(session.s12.describe())
print(session.s2.describe())
print(session.on.describe())
#各種統計量の算出、比較
import statsmodels.api as sm
import numpy as np
from statsmodels.compat import lzip
import statsmodels.stats.api as sms
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1, regression='nc')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1, regression='c')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s1, regression='ct')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(session.s1.mean() / session.s1.std() * np.sqrt(session.s1.count()))
estimator = ['JB', 'Chi-squared p-value', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(session.s1)
print('s1: ', lzip(estimator, test))
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12, regression='nc')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12, regression='c')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s12, regression='ct')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(session.s1.mean() / session.s12.std() * np.sqrt(session.s1.count()))
estimator = ['JB', 'Chi-squared p-value', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(session.s12)
print('s12: ', lzip(estimator, test))
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s2, regression='nc')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s2, regression='c')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(sm.tsa.adfuller(session.s2, regression='ct')[1]) #[1]はp値の検定結果
print(session.s2.mean() / session.s2.std() * np.sqrt(session.s2.count()))
estimator = ['JB', 'Chi-squared p-value', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
#create data frame for refined clicks for all channels: use debug to show how the data frame is built
refinedClicksDf = pd.DataFrame(index=groupedDf.index.get_level_values('date').unique())
for c in channels:
channelDF = pd.DataFrame(df3[df3.channel == c])
channelSeries = channelDF.groupby(['date']).sum()
refind = pd.DataFrame(channelSeries.refined_click).rename(columns={'refined_click': c + '_refined_clicks'})
refinedClicksDf = pd.concat([refinedClicksDf, refind], join='outer', axis=1)
#some statistical insights
#correlation
stat = pd.stats.moments
refinedClicksDf['Amazon_refined_clicks'].corr(refinedClicksDf['SEO_refined_clicks'])
movingAve = stat.rolling_mean(refinedClicksDf['Amazon_refined_clicks'],10)
plt.figure
movingAve.plot()
plt.show(block=False)
#regression analysis
#install statsmodels : pip install statsmodels (might ask for more packages to install: e.g. scipy, patsy...)
import statsmodels.formula.api as smf
model = smf.OLS(refinedClicksDf['Amazon_refined_clicks'], refinedClicksDf['SEO_refined_clicks'])
res = model.fit()
print res.summary()
#test residuals normality
import statsmodels.stats.api as ss
ss.jarque_bera(res.resid)
def main(processed_path = "data/processed",
models_path = "models"):
"""Nested 10-fold cross-validation for linear regression of
ranking_log and score with with lasso regularization
(inner CV for alpha tuning, outer for R^2 robustness)."""
# logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# normalize paths
processed_path = os.path.normpath(processed_path)
logger.debug("Path to processed data normalized: {}"
.format(processed_path))
models_path = os.path.normpath(models_path)
logger.debug("Path to models normalized: {}"
.format(models_path))
# load selected_df
selected_df = pd.read_pickle(os.path.join(processed_path,
'selected_df.pkl'))
logger.info("Loaded selected_df. Shape of df: {}"
.format(selected_df.shape))
#%% split df into dependent and independent variables
teams_df = selected_df.iloc[:, :9]
y = selected_df.iloc[:, 9:10]
X = selected_df.iloc[:, 10:]
X_columns = X.columns
X_index = X.index
#%% standardize
scaler = StandardScaler()
not_standardize = ['core',
'visualization',
'machine_learning',
'deep_learning']
X_standardized = scaler.fit_transform(X
.drop(columns=not_standardize)
.values)
X_standardized = pd.DataFrame(X_standardized,
index = X_index,
columns = X_columns.drop(not_standardize))
X_not_standardized = X[not_standardize]
X = pd.concat([X_standardized, X_not_standardized], axis=1)
logger.debug("After Standardization:\n{}".format(X.describe().to_string))
#%% define hyperparameter
start = time()
L1_RATIOS = [1.0, .95, .7, .5, .3, .1]
EPS = 0.001
N_ALPHAS = 100
ALPHAS = None
# normalize data
# If True, the regressors X will be normalized before regression by
# subtracting the mean (column-wise) and dividing by the l2-norm in
# order for each feature to have norm = 1.
NORMALIZE = False
MAX_ITER = 10000
TOL = 0.0001
CV = 20
N_JOBS = 1
RS = 1
SELECTION = 'cyclic'
logger.info("l1_ratio={}, eps={}, n_alphas={}, alphas={}, normalize={}"
.format(L1_RATIOS, EPS, N_ALPHAS, ALPHAS, NORMALIZE))
logger.info("max_iter={}, tol={}, cv={}, n_jobs={}, rs={}, selection={}"
.format(MAX_ITER, TOL, CV, N_JOBS, RS, SELECTION))
logger.debug("Try following L1-ratios: {}".format(L1_RATIOS))
# print R^2 values for bounding alphas 0 and 1 to make sense of alphas
logger.info("Bounding score: R^2 for alpha=0 and l1_ratio=0.5: {}"
.format(ElasticNet(alpha=0, l1_ratio=.5,
normalize=NORMALIZE, random_state=RS)
.fit(X.values, y.values)
.score(X.values, y.values)))
logger.info("Bounding score: R^2 for alpha=1 and l1_ratio=0.5: {}"
.format(ElasticNet(alpha=1, l1_ratio=.5,
normalize=NORMALIZE, random_state=RS)
.fit(X.values, y.values)
.score(X.values, y.values)))
#%% train model
mod = ElasticNetCV(l1_ratio = L1_RATIOS,
eps = EPS,
n_alphas = N_ALPHAS,
alphas = ALPHAS,
normalize = NORMALIZE,
max_iter = MAX_ITER,
tol = TOL,
cv = CV,
n_jobs = N_JOBS,
random_state = RS,
selection = SELECTION)\
.fit(X.values, y.values)
# log some statistics
best_r2 = mod.score(X.values, y.values)
logger.info("best R^2 score: {:.2f}%".format(best_r2*100))
best_l1_ratio = mod.l1_ratio_
logger.info("best l1_ratio: {}".format(best_l1_ratio))
best_alpha = mod.alpha_
logger.info("best alpha: {:.3f}".format(best_alpha))
alphas = mod.alphas_
logger.debug("tested alphas:\n{}".format(alphas))
coef = pd.Series(data=mod.coef_, index=X_columns)
logger.debug("best coefficients:\n{}".format(coef))
# mse_path = mod.mse_path_
#%% Nested Cross-Validation to test robustness of R^2
cv_results = cross_validate(ElasticNetCV(l1_ratio = L1_RATIOS,
eps = EPS,
n_alphas = N_ALPHAS,
alphas = ALPHAS,
normalize = NORMALIZE,
max_iter = MAX_ITER,
tol = TOL,
cv = CV,
n_jobs = N_JOBS,
random_state = RS,
selection = SELECTION),
X.values, y.values, cv=CV,
return_train_score=True, n_jobs=N_JOBS)
logger.info("95% confidence intervall: {:.2f} +/- {:.2f} (mean +/- 2*std)"
.format(cv_results['test_score'].mean(),
cv_results['test_score'].std()*2))
logger.debug("Nested cross-validation results:\n{}"
.format(pd.DataFrame(data=cv_results)))
#%% Elastic Net regression with statsmodels for summary
mod_sm = sm.OLS(y.values, sm.add_constant(pd.DataFrame(data=X.values,
columns=X_columns,
index=X_index)))\
.fit_regularized(method='elastic_net',
alpha=best_alpha,
L1_wt=best_l1_ratio,
refit=True)
res = mod_sm.summary().as_text()
logger.info("ElasticNet regression of selected_df regarding ranking_log")
logger.info("with alpha={:.5f} and L1_wt={}:\n{}"
.format(best_alpha, best_l1_ratio, res))
# Normality of residuals
# Jarque-Bera test:
name = ['Jarque-Bera', 'Chi^2 two-tail prob.', 'Skew', 'Kurtosis']
test = sms.jarque_bera(mod_sm.resid)
logger.info("Jarque-Bera test: {}".format(lzip(name, test)))
# Omni test:
name = ['Chi^2', 'Two-tail probability']
test = sms.omni_normtest(mod_sm.resid)
logger.info("Omnibus test: {}".format(lzip(name, test)))
# Multicollinearity
# Conditional Number:
logger.info("Conditional Number: {}"
.format(np.linalg.cond(mod_sm.model.exog)))
# Heteroskedasticity tests
# Breush-Pagan test:
name = ['Lagrange multiplier statistic', 'p-value',
'f-value', 'f p-value']
test = sms.het_breuschpagan(mod_sm.resid, mod_sm.model.exog)
logger.info("Breush-Pagan test: {}".format(lzip(name, test)))
# Goldfeld-Quandt test
name = ['F statistic', 'p-value']
test = sms.het_goldfeldquandt(mod_sm.resid, mod_sm.model.exog)
logger.info("Goldfeld-Quandt test: {}".format(lzip(name, test)))
#%% export results as pickle file to models folder
# pickle mod
with open(os.path.join(models_path, 'sklearn_ElasticNetCV.pkl'),
'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(mod, handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
logger.info("Saved elastic net model of sklearn to {}."
.format(os.path.join(models_path,
'sklearn_ElasticNetCV.pkl')))
# pickle mod_sm
with open(os.path.join(models_path, 'sm_OLS_fit_regularized.pkl'),
'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(mod_sm, handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
logger.info("Saved elastic net model of statsmodels to {}."
.format(os.path.join(models_path,
'sm_OLS_fit_regularized.pkl')))
# save res as .txt
f = open(os.path.join(models_path,
'sm_OLS_fit_regularized_summary.txt'), "w+")
f.write(res)
f.close()
#%% logging time passed
end = time()
time_passed = pd.Timedelta(seconds=end-start).round(freq='s')
logger.info("Time needed to train Elastic Net Model: {}"
.format(time_passed))