def test_no_observer():
# Tests transformations to and from observer-based frames with no observer defined
frames_in = [Heliocentric(0*u.km, 0*u.km, 0*u.km, observer=None),
Heliocentric(0*u.km, 0*u.km, 0*u.km, observer=None, obstime='2001-01-01'),
Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, observer=None),
Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, observer=None, obstime='2001-01-01')]
frames_out = frames_in + [
HeliographicStonyhurst(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, obstime=None),
HeliographicStonyhurst(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, obstime='2001-01-01'),
Heliocentric(0*u.km, 0*u.km, 0*u.km, observer=None, obstime='2012-12-12'),
Heliocentric(0*u.km, 0*u.km, 0*u.km, observer="earth", obstime=None),
Heliocentric(0*u.km, 0*u.km, 0*u.km, observer="earth", obstime='2001-01-01'),
Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, observer=None, obstime='2012-12-12'),
Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, observer="earth", obstime=None),
Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, observer="earth", obstime='2001-01-01')]
# Self-transformations should succeed
for f in frames_in:
f.transform_to(f.replicate_without_data())
# All other transformations should error
for i, f1 in enumerate(frames_in):
for f2 in frames_out[i + 1:]:
with pytest.raises(ConvertError):
f1.transform_to(f2)
with pytest.raises(ConvertError):
f2.transform_to(f1)
def test_hpc_hpc():
# Use some unphysical values for solar parameters for testing, to make it
# easier to calculate expected results.
rsun = 1 * u.m
D0 = 1 * u.km
L0 = 1 * u.deg
observer_in = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0 * u.deg,
lon=0 * u.deg,
radius=D0)
observer_out = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0 * u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
hpc_in = Helioprojective(0 * u.arcsec,
0 * u.arcsec,
rsun=rsun,
observer=observer_in)
hpc_out = Helioprojective(observer=observer_out, rsun=rsun)
hpc_new = hpc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new.observer == hpc_out.observer
# Calculate the distance subtended by an angle of L0 from the centre of the
# Sun.
dd = -1 * rsun * np.tan(L0)
# Calculate the angle corresponding to that distance as seen by the new
# observer.
theta = np.arctan2(dd, (D0 - rsun))
assert quantity_allclose(theta, hpc_new.Tx, rtol=1e-3)
def magnetogram():
arr_shape = [50, 50] * u.pixel
obs = SkyCoord(lon=0. * u.deg,
lat=0. * u.deg,
radius=const.au,
frame=HeliographicStonyhurst)
blc = SkyCoord(-150 * u.arcsec,
-150 * u.arcsec,
frame=Helioprojective(observer=obs))
trc = SkyCoord(150 * u.arcsec,
150 * u.arcsec,
frame=Helioprojective(observer=obs))
centers = SkyCoord(Tx=[65, -65] * u.arcsec,
Ty=[0, 0] * u.arcsec,
frame=Helioprojective(observer=obs))
sigmas = u.Quantity([[15, 15], [15, 15]], 'arcsec')
amplitudes = u.Quantity([1e3, -1e3], 'Gauss')
magnetogram = synthesizAR.extrapolate.synthetic_magnetogram(blc,
trc,
arr_shape,
centers,
sigmas,
amplitudes,
observer=obs)
return magnetogram
def test_hpc_hpc_null():
hpc_in = Helioprojective(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec)
hpc_out = Helioprojective()
hpc_new = hpc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new is not hpc_in
assert quantity_allclose(hpc_new.Tx, hpc_in.Tx)
assert quantity_allclose(hpc_new.Ty, hpc_in.Ty)
assert hpc_out.observer == hpc_new.observer
def test_hpc_hpc_null():
hpc_in = Helioprojective(0 * u.arcsec, 0 * u.arcsec)
hpc_out = Helioprojective()
hpc_new = hpc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new is not hpc_in
assert quantity_allclose(hpc_new.Tx, hpc_in.Tx)
assert quantity_allclose(hpc_new.Ty, hpc_in.Ty)
assert hpc_out.observer == hpc_new.observer
def test_hpc_hcc_different_observer_radius():
# Tests HPC->HCC with a change in observer at different distances from the Sun
observer1 = HeliographicStonyhurst(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, 1*u.AU)
hpc = Helioprojective(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, 0.5*u.AU, observer=observer1)
observer2 = HeliographicStonyhurst(90*u.deg, 0*u.deg, 0.75*u.AU)
hcc = hpc.transform_to(Heliocentric(observer=observer2))
assert_quantity_allclose(hcc.x, -0.5*u.AU)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcc.y, 0*u.AU, atol=1e-10*u.AU)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcc.z, 0*u.AU, atol=1e-10*u.AU)
def test_hgs_cartesian_rep_to_hpc():
# This test checks transformation HGS->HPC when the coordinate is in a Cartesian
# representation and that it is the same as a transformation from an HGS frame with a
# spherical representation
obstime = "2011-01-01"
hgscoord_cart = SkyCoord(x=1*u.km, y=0.*u.km, z=0.*u.km,
frame=HeliographicStonyhurst(obstime=obstime),
representation_type='cartesian')
hgscoord_sph = hgscoord_cart.copy()
hgscoord_sph.representation_type = 'spherical'
hpccoord_cart = hgscoord_cart.transform_to(Helioprojective(obstime=obstime))
hpccoord_sph = hgscoord_sph.transform_to(Helioprojective(obstime=obstime))
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_cart.Tx, hpccoord_sph.Tx)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_cart.Ty, hpccoord_sph.Ty)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_cart.distance, hpccoord_sph.distance)
def calculate_cross_sections(self, field):
"""
Estimate loop cross-sectional area
"""
fps = heeq_to_hcc_coord(
*u.Quantity([l.coordinates[-1] for l in field.loops]).T,
field.magnetogram.observer_coordinate).transform_to(
Helioprojective(
observer=field.magnetogram.observer_coordinate))
range_x = (min(fps.Tx.min().value,
field.magnetogram.bottom_left_coord.Tx.value),
max(fps.Tx.max().value,
field.magnetogram.top_right_coord.Tx.value))
range_y = (min(fps.Ty.min().value,
field.magnetogram.bottom_left_coord.Ty.value),
max(fps.Ty.max().value,
field.magnetogram.top_right_coord.Ty.value))
fp_dist, x_edges, y_edges = np.histogram2d(
fps.Tx.value,
fps.Ty.value,
range=(range_x, range_y),
bins=(field.magnetogram.dimensions.x.value,
field.magnetogram.dimensions.y.value))
d_surface = field.magnetogram.dsun - const.R_sun
dx = (1. * u.pixel * field.magnetogram.scale.axis1).to(
u.radian).value * d_surface
dy = (1. * u.pixel * field.magnetogram.scale.axis2).to(
u.radian).value * d_surface
ix = np.digitize(fps.Tx.value, x_edges, right=False) - 1
iy = np.digitize(fps.Ty.value, y_edges, right=False) - 1
return ((dx * dy).to(u.cm**2) / fp_dist[ix, iy]).value
def make_spatial(self):
"""
Add a helioprojective spatial pair to the builder.
.. note::
This increments the counter by two.
"""
i = self._i
name = self.header[f'DWNAME{self.n}']
name = name.split(' ')[0]
axes_names = [(self.header[f'DWNAME{nn}'].rsplit(' ')[1])
for nn in (self.n, self._n(i + 1))]
obstime = Time(self.header['DATE-BGN'])
self._frames.append(
cf.CelestialFrame(axes_order=(i, i + 1),
name=name,
reference_frame=Helioprojective(obstime=obstime),
axes_names=axes_names,
unit=self.get_units(self._i, self._i + 1)))
self._transforms.append(spatial_model_from_header(self.header))
self._i += 2
def test_rsun_preservation():
# Check that rsun is preserved when transforming between any two frames with that attribute
args_in = {'obstime': '2001-01-01', 'rsun': 690*u.Mm}
args_out = {'obstime': '2001-02-01', 'rsun': 700*u.Mm}
coords_in = [Helioprojective(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, 1*u.AU, observer='earth', **args_in),
HeliographicStonyhurst(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, 1*u.AU, **args_in),
HeliographicCarrington(0*u.deg, 0*u.deg, 1*u.AU, observer='earth', **args_in)]
for coord in coords_in:
for frame in coords_in:
out_coord = coord.transform_to(frame.replicate(**args_out))
assert_quantity_allclose(out_coord.rsun, args_out['rsun'])
def test_array_obstime():
# Validate that you can transform from an array of obstimes to no obstimes,
# or different obstimes.
a = SkyCoord([10]*2, [10]*2, unit=u.deg,
observer="earth",
obstime=["2019-01-01", "2019-01-02"],
frame="heliographic_carrington")
t = a.transform_to(Helioprojective)
assert isinstance(t.frame, Helioprojective)
t2 = a.transform_to(Helioprojective(obstime=["2019-01-03", "2019-01-04"]))
assert isinstance(t2.frame, Helioprojective)
def test_hcc_to_hpc_same_observer():
# This test checks transformation HCC->HPC in the case of same observer
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
observer = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=0*u.deg, radius=D0)
hcc_frame = Heliocentric(observer=observer)
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer, rsun=rsun)
hcccoord = SkyCoord(x=rsun, y=rsun, z=rsun, frame=hcc_frame)
hpccoord_out = hcccoord.transform_to(hpc_frame)
hpccoord_expected = hcccoord.transform_to(HeliographicStonyhurst).transform_to(hpc_frame)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.Tx, hpccoord_expected.Tx)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.Ty, hpccoord_expected.Ty)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.distance, hpccoord_expected.distance)
def test_hpc_to_hcc_same_observer():
# This test checks transformation HPC->HCC in the case of same observer
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1 * u.km
observer = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0 * u.deg, lon=0 * u.deg, radius=D0)
hcc_frame = Heliocentric(observer=observer)
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer, rsun=rsun)
hpccoord = SkyCoord(Tx=0 * u.arcsec, Ty=0 * u.arcsec, frame=hpc_frame)
hcccoord_out = hpccoord.transform_to(hcc_frame)
hcccoord_expected = hpccoord.transform_to(HeliographicStonyhurst).transform_to(hcc_frame)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.x, hcccoord_expected.x)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.y, hcccoord_expected.y)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.z, hcccoord_expected.z)
def test_hpc_hpc():
# Use some unphysical values for solar parameters for testing
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
L0 = 1*u.deg
hpc_in = Helioprojective(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, rsun=rsun, D0=D0)
hpc_out = Helioprojective(L0=L0, D0=D0, rsun=rsun)
hpc_new = hpc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new.L0 == hpc_out.L0
assert hpc_new.B0 == hpc_out.B0
assert hpc_new.D0 == hpc_out.D0
# Calculate the distance subtended by an angle of L0 from the centre of the
# Sun.
dd = -1 * rsun * np.tan(L0)
# Calculate the angle corresponding to that distance as seen by the new
# observer.
theta = np.arctan2(dd, (D0 - rsun))
assert quantity_allclose(theta, hpc_new.Tx, rtol=1e-3)
def test_hpc_hgs_implicit_hcc():
# An HPC->HGS transformation should give the same answer whether the transformation step
# through HCC is implicit or explicit
start = SkyCoord(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, 0.5*u.AU,
frame=Helioprojective(obstime='2019-06-01', observer='earth'))
frame = HeliographicStonyhurst(obstime='2019-12-01')
implicit = start.transform_to(frame)
explicit1 = start.transform_to(Heliocentric(obstime=start.obstime, observer='earth')).\
transform_to(frame)
explicit2 = start.transform_to(Heliocentric(obstime=frame.obstime, observer='earth')).\
transform_to(frame)
assert_quantity_allclose(implicit.separation_3d(explicit1), 0*u.AU, atol=1e-10*u.AU)
assert_quantity_allclose(implicit.separation_3d(explicit2), 0*u.AU, atol=1e-10*u.AU)
def test_hpc_hpc():
# Use some unphysical values for solar parameters for testing, to make it
# easier to calculate expected results.
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
L0 = 1*u.deg
observer_in = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=0*u.deg, radius=D0)
observer_out = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
hpc_in = Helioprojective(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, rsun=rsun, observer=observer_in)
hpc_out = Helioprojective(observer=observer_out, rsun=rsun)
hpc_new = hpc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new.observer == hpc_out.observer
# Calculate the distance subtended by an angle of L0 from the centre of the
# Sun.
dd = -1 * rsun * np.tan(L0)
# Calculate the angle corresponding to that distance as seen by the new
# observer.
theta = np.arctan2(dd, (D0 - rsun))
assert quantity_allclose(theta, hpc_new.Tx, rtol=1e-3)
def test_hpc_to_hcc_different_observer():
# This test checks transformation HPC->HCC in the case where the HCC and HPC frames are
# defined by different observers.
# NOTE: This test is currently expected to fail because the HCC<->HPC transformation does
# not account for observer location. It will be updated once this is fixed.
D0 = 1 * u.km
L0 = 1 * u.deg
observer_1 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0 * u.deg,
lon=0 * u.deg,
radius=D0)
observer_2 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0 * u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
hcc_frame = Heliocentric(observer=observer_1)
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer_2)
hpccoord = SkyCoord(Tx=0 * u.arcsec, Ty=0 * u.arcsec, frame=hpc_frame)
with pytest.raises(ConvertError):
hpccoord.transform_to(hcc_frame)
def test_hpc_to_hcc_different_observer():
# This test checks transformation HPC->HCC in the case where the HCC and HPC frames are
# defined by different observers.
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
L0 = 1*u.deg
observer_1 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=0*u.deg, radius=D0)
observer_2 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
hcc_frame = Heliocentric(observer=observer_1)
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer_2, rsun=rsun)
hpccoord = SkyCoord(Tx=0*u.arcsec, Ty=0*u.arcsec, frame=hpc_frame)
hcccoord_out = hpccoord.transform_to(hcc_frame)
hcccoord_expected = hpccoord.transform_to(HeliographicStonyhurst).transform_to(hcc_frame)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.x, hcccoord_expected.x)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.y, hcccoord_expected.y)
assert_quantity_allclose(hcccoord_out.z, hcccoord_expected.z)
def test_hcc_to_hpc_different_observer():
# This test checks transformation HCC->HPC in the case where the HCC and HPC frames are
# defined by different observers.
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
L0 = 1*u.deg
observer_1 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=0*u.deg, radius=D0)
observer_2 = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
hcc_frame = Heliocentric(observer=observer_1)
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer_2)
hcccoord = SkyCoord(x=rsun, y=rsun, z=rsun, frame=hcc_frame)
hpccoord_out = hcccoord.transform_to(hpc_frame)
hpccoord_expected = hcccoord.transform_to(HeliographicStonyhurst).transform_to(hpc_frame)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.Tx, hpccoord_expected.Tx)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.Ty, hpccoord_expected.Ty)
assert_quantity_allclose(hpccoord_out.distance, hpccoord_expected.distance)
def test_hpc_hpc_sc():
# Use some unphysical values for solar parameters for testing, to make it
# easier to calculate expected results.
rsun = 1*u.m
D0 = 1*u.km
L0 = 1*u.deg
observer_in = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=0*u.deg, radius=D0)
observer_out = HeliographicStonyhurst(lat=0*u.deg, lon=L0, radius=D0)
sc_in = SkyCoord(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, rsun=rsun, observer=observer_in,
frame='helioprojective')
hpc_out = Helioprojective(observer=observer_out, rsun=rsun)
hpc_new = sc_in.transform_to(hpc_out)
assert hpc_new.observer.lat == hpc_out.observer.lat
assert hpc_new.observer.lon == hpc_out.observer.lon
assert hpc_new.observer.radius == hpc_out.observer.radius
def corners(observer):
hpc_frame = Helioprojective(observer=observer, obstime=observer.obstime)
blc = SkyCoord(-150 * u.arcsec, -150 * u.arcsec, frame=hpc_frame)
trc = SkyCoord(150 * u.arcsec, 150 * u.arcsec, frame=hpc_frame)
return blc, trc
output, _ = reproject_interp(aia_map, out_wcs, out_shape)
outmap_default = sunpy.map.Map((output, out_header))
outmap_default.plot_settings = aia_map.plot_settings
plt.figure()
plt.subplot(projection=outmap_default)
outmap_default.plot()
######################################################################
# You can use the different assumption that the image lies on the
# surface of a spherical screen centered at AIA, with a radius equal
# to the Sun-AIA distance. The curvature of the spherical screen is
# not obvious in this plot due to the relatively small field of view
# of AIA (compared to, say, a coronagraph).
with Helioprojective.assume_spherical_screen(aia_map.observer_coordinate):
output, _ = reproject_interp(aia_map, out_wcs, out_shape)
outmap_screen_all = sunpy.map.Map((output, out_header))
outmap_screen_all.plot_settings = aia_map.plot_settings
plt.figure()
plt.subplot(projection=outmap_screen_all)
outmap_screen_all.plot()
######################################################################
# Finally, you can specify that the spherical-screen assumption should
# be used for only off-disk parts of the image, and continue to map
# on-disk parts of the image to the surface of the Sun.
with Helioprojective.assume_spherical_screen(aia_map.observer_coordinate,
only_off_disk=True):
from sunpy.coordinates import Helioprojective, propagate_with_solar_surface
from sunpy.data.sample import AIA_171_IMAGE
##############################################################################
# First, load an AIA observation.
aiamap = sunpy.map.Map(AIA_171_IMAGE)
in_time = aiamap.date
##############################################################################
# Let's define the output frame to be five days in the future for an observer
# at Earth (i.e., about five degrees offset in heliographic longitude compared
# to the location of AIA in the original observation).
out_time = in_time + 5*u.day
out_frame = Helioprojective(observer='earth', obstime=out_time,
rsun=aiamap.coordinate_frame.rsun)
##############################################################################
# Construct a WCS object for the output map. If one has an actual ``Map``
# object at the desired output time (e.g., the actual AIA observation at the
# output time), one can use the WCS object from that ``Map`` object (e.g.,
# ``mymap.wcs``) instead of constructing a custom WCS.
out_center = SkyCoord(0*u.arcsec, 0*u.arcsec, frame=out_frame)
header = sunpy.map.make_fitswcs_header(aiamap.data.shape,
out_center,
scale=u.Quantity(aiamap.scale))
out_wcs = WCS(header)
##############################################################################
# Reproject the map from the input frame to the output frame. We use the
from sunpy.coordinates import Helioprojective, RotatedSunFrame, transform_with_sun_center from sunpy.data.sample import AIA_171_IMAGE ############################################################################## # First, load an AIA observation. aiamap = sunpy.map.Map(AIA_171_IMAGE) in_time = aiamap.date ############################################################################## # Let's define the output frame to be five days in the future for an observer # at Earth (i.e., about five degrees offset in heliographic longitude compared # to the location of AIA in the original observation). out_time = in_time + 5 * u.day out_frame = Helioprojective(observer='earth', obstime=out_time) ############################################################################## # For the reprojection, the definition of the target frame can be # counter-intuitive. We will be transforming from the original frame to the # `~sunpy.coordinates.metaframes.RotatedSunFrame` version of the output frame # with ``rotated_time`` set to the time of the original frame. rot_frame = RotatedSunFrame(base=out_frame, rotated_time=in_time) print(rot_frame) ############################################################################## # Construct a WCS object for the output map with the target # ``RotatedSunHelioprojective`` frame specified instead of the regular # `~sunpy.coordinates.frames.Helioprojective` frame. # If one has an actual ``Map`` object at the desired output