def Maxwells_Equations_in_Geometric_Calculus(): Print_Function() X = symbols('t x y z') (g0, g1, g2, g3, grad) = MV.setup('gamma*t|x|y|z', metric='[1,-1,-1,-1]', coords=X) I = MV.I B = MV('B', 'vector', fct=True) E = MV('E', 'vector', fct=True) B.set_coef(1, 0, 0) E.set_coef(1, 0, 0) B *= g0 E *= g0 J = MV('J', 'vector', fct=True) F = E + I * B print(r'\text{Pseudo Scalar\;\;}I =', I) print('\\text{Magnetic Field Bi-Vector\\;\\;} B = \\bm{B\\gamma_{t}} =', B) print('\\text{Electric Field Bi-Vector\\;\\;} E = \\bm{E\\gamma_{t}} =', E) print('\\text{Electromagnetic Field Bi-Vector\\;\\;} F = E+IB =', F) print('%\\text{Four Current Density\\;\\;} J =', J) gradF = grad * F print('#Geometric Derivative of Electomagnetic Field Bi-Vector') gradF.Fmt(3, 'grad*F') print('#Maxwell Equations') print('grad*F = J') print('#Div $E$ and Curl $H$ Equations') (gradF.grade(1) - J).Fmt(3, '%\\grade{\\nabla F}_{1} -J = 0') print('#Curl $E$ and Div $B$ equations') (gradF.grade(3)).Fmt(3, '%\\grade{\\nabla F}_{3} = 0') return
def basic_multivector_operations_3D(): Print_Function() (ex, ey, ez) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z') print('g_{ij} =', MV.metric) A = MV('A', 'mv') A.Fmt(1, 'A') A.Fmt(2, 'A') A.Fmt(3, 'A') A.even().Fmt(1, '%A_{+}') A.odd().Fmt(1, '%A_{-}') X = MV('X', 'vector') Y = MV('Y', 'vector') X.Fmt(1, 'X') Y.Fmt(1, 'Y') (X * Y).Fmt(2, 'X*Y') (X ^ Y).Fmt(2, 'X^Y') (X | Y).Fmt(2, 'X|Y') return
def Dirac_Equation_in_Geometric_Calculus(): Print_Function() vars = symbols('t x y z') (g0, g1, g2, g3, grad) = MV.setup('gamma*t|x|y|z', metric='[1,-1,-1,-1]', coords=vars) I = MV.I (m, e) = symbols('m e') psi = MV('psi', 'spinor', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) sig_z = g3 * g0 print('\\text{4-Vector Potential\\;\\;}\\bm{A} =', A) print('\\text{8-component real spinor\\;\\;}\\bm{\\psi} =', psi) dirac_eq = (grad * psi) * I * sig_z - e * A * psi - m * psi * g0 dirac_eq.simplify() dirac_eq.Fmt( 3, r'%\text{Dirac Equation\;\;}\nabla \bm{\psi} I \sigma_{z}-e\bm{A}\bm{\psi}-m\bm{\psi}\gamma_{t} = 0' ) return
def derivatives_in_rectangular_coordinates(): Print_Function() X = (x, y, z) = symbols('x y z') (ex, ey, ez, grad) = MV.setup('e_x e_y e_z', metric='[1,1,1]', coords=X) f = MV('f', 'scalar', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) B = MV('B', 'grade2', fct=True) C = MV('C', 'mv', fct=True) print('f =', f) print('A =', A) print('B =', B) print('C =', C) print('grad*f =', grad * f) print('grad|A =', grad | A) print('grad*A =', grad * A) print('-I*(grad^A) =', -MV.I * (grad ^ A)) print('grad*B =', grad * B) print('grad^B =', grad ^ B) print('grad|B =', grad | B) print('grad<A =', grad < A) print('grad>A =', grad > A) print('grad<B =', grad < B) print('grad>B =', grad > B) print('grad<C =', grad < C) print('grad>C =', grad > C) return
def main(): enhance_print() X = (x, y, z) = symbols('x y z') (ex, ey, ez, grad) = MV.setup('e_x e_y e_z', metric='[1,1,1]', coords=(x, y, z)) A = x*(ey ^ ez) + y*(ez ^ ex) + z*(ex ^ ey) print('A =', A) print('grad^A =', (grad ^ A).simplify()) print() f = MV('f', 'scalar', fct=True) f = (x**2 + y**2 + z**2)**(-1.5) print('f =', f) print('grad*f =', (grad*f).expand()) print() B = f*A print('B =', B) print() Curl_B = grad ^ B print('grad^B =', Curl_B.simplify()) def Symplify(A): return(factor_terms(simplify(A))) print(Curl_B.func(Symplify)) return
def basic_multivector_operations_2D(): Print_Function() (ex, ey) = MV.setup('e*x|y') print('g_{ij} =', MV.metric) X = MV('X', 'vector') A = MV('A', 'spinor') X.Fmt(1, 'X') A.Fmt(1, 'A') (X | A).Fmt(2, 'X|A') (X < A).Fmt(2, 'X<A') (A > X).Fmt(2, 'A>X') return
def main(): enhance_print() (ex, ey, ez) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z', metric='[1,1,1]') u = MV('u', 'vector') v = MV('v', 'vector') w = MV('w', 'vector') print(u) print(v) uv = u ^ v print(uv) print(uv.is_blade()) exp_uv = uv.exp() exp_uv.Fmt(2, 'exp(uv)') return
def make_vector(a, n=3): if isinstance(a, str): sym_str = '' for i in range(n): sym_str += a + str(i + 1) + ' ' sym_lst = list(symbols(sym_str)) sym_lst.append(S.Zero) sym_lst.append(S.Zero) a = MV(sym_lst, 'vector') return (F(a))
def derivatives_in_spherical_coordinates(): Print_Function() X = (r, th, phi) = symbols('r theta phi') curv = [[r*cos(phi)*sin(th), r*sin(phi)*sin(th), r*cos(th)], [1, r, r*sin(th)]] (er, eth, ephi, grad) = MV.setup('e_r e_theta e_phi', metric='[1,1,1]', coords=X, curv=curv) f = MV('f', 'scalar', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) B = MV('B', 'grade2', fct=True) print('f =', f) print('A =', A) print('B =', B) print('grad*f =', grad*f) print('grad|A =', grad | A) print('-I*(grad^A) =', -MV.I*(grad ^ A)) print('grad^B =', grad ^ B) return
def basic_multivector_operations(): Print_Function() (ex, ey, ez) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z') A = MV('A', 'mv') A.Fmt(1, 'A') A.Fmt(2, 'A') A.Fmt(3, 'A') X = MV('X', 'vector') Y = MV('Y', 'vector') print('g_{ij} =\n', MV.metric) X.Fmt(1, 'X') Y.Fmt(1, 'Y') (X * Y).Fmt(2, 'X*Y') (X ^ Y).Fmt(2, 'X^Y') (X | Y).Fmt(2, 'X|Y') (ex, ey) = MV.setup('e*x|y') print('g_{ij} =\n', MV.metric) X = MV('X', 'vector') A = MV('A', 'spinor') X.Fmt(1, 'X') A.Fmt(1, 'A') (X | A).Fmt(2, 'X|A') (X < A).Fmt(2, 'X<A') (A > X).Fmt(2, 'A>X') (ex, ey) = MV.setup('e*x|y', metric='[1,1]') print('g_{ii} =\n', MV.metric) X = MV('X', 'vector') A = MV('A', 'spinor') X.Fmt(1, 'X') A.Fmt(1, 'A') (X * A).Fmt(2, 'X*A') (X | A).Fmt(2, 'X|A') (X < A).Fmt(2, 'X<A') (X > A).Fmt(2, 'X>A') (A * X).Fmt(2, 'A*X') (A | X).Fmt(2, 'A|X') (A < X).Fmt(2, 'A<X') (A > X).Fmt(2, 'A>X') return
def MV_setup_options(): Print_Function() (e1, e2, e3) = MV.setup('e_1 e_2 e_3', '[1,1,1]') v = MV('v', 'vector') print(v) (e1, e2, e3) = MV.setup('e*1|2|3', '[1,1,1]') v = MV('v', 'vector') print(v) (e1, e2, e3) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z', '[1,1,1]') v = MV('v', 'vector') print(v) coords = symbols('x y z') (e1, e2, e3, grad) = MV.setup('e', '[1,1,1]', coords=coords) v = MV('v', 'vector') print(v) return
def basic_multivector_operations_2D_orthogonal(): Print_Function() (ex, ey) = MV.setup('e*x|y', metric='[1,1]') print('g_{ii} =', MV.metric) X = MV('X', 'vector') A = MV('A', 'spinor') X.Fmt(1, 'X') A.Fmt(1, 'A') (X * A).Fmt(2, 'X*A') (X | A).Fmt(2, 'X|A') (X < A).Fmt(2, 'X<A') (X > A).Fmt(2, 'X>A') (A * X).Fmt(2, 'A*X') (A | X).Fmt(2, 'A|X') (A < X).Fmt(2, 'A<X') (A > X).Fmt(2, 'A>X') return
def main(): Format() coords = (x, y, z) = symbols('x y z') (ex, ey, ez, grad) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z', '[1,1,1]', coords=coords) s = MV('s', 'scalar') v = MV('v', 'vector') b = MV('b', 'bivector') print(r'#3D Orthogonal Metric\newline') print('#Multvectors:') print('s =', s) print('v =', v) print('b =', b) print('#Products:') X = ((s, 's'), (v, 'v'), (b, 'b')) for xi in X: print('') for yi in X: print(xi[1] + '*' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] * yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '^' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] ^ yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '|' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] | yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '<' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] < yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '>' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] > yi[0]) fs = MV('s', 'scalar', fct=True) fv = MV('v', 'vector', fct=True) fb = MV('b', 'bivector', fct=True) print('#Multivector Functions:') print('s(X) =', fs) print('v(X) =', fv) print('b(X) =', fb) print('#Products:') fX = ((grad, 'grad'), (fs, 's'), (fv, 'v'), (fb, 'b')) for xi in fX: print('') for yi in fX: if xi[1] == 'grad' and yi[1] == 'grad': pass else: print(xi[1] + '*' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] * yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '^' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] ^ yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '|' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] | yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '<' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] < yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '>' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] > yi[0]) (ex, ey, grad) = MV.setup('e', coords=(x, y)) print(r'#General 2D Metric\newline') print('#Multivector Functions:') s = MV('s', 'scalar', fct=True) v = MV('v', 'vector', fct=True) b = MV('v', 'bivector', fct=True) print('s(X) =', s) print('v(X) =', v) print('b(X) =', b) X = ((grad, 'grad'), (s, 's'), (v, 'v')) print('#Products:') for xi in X: print('') for yi in X: if xi[1] == 'grad' and yi[1] == 'grad': pass else: print(xi[1] + '*' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] * yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '^' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] ^ yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '|' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] | yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '<' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] < yi[0]) print(xi[1] + '>' + yi[1] + ' =', xi[0] > yi[0]) xdvi(paper='letter') return
def main(): Format() (ex, ey, ez) = MV.setup('e*x|y|z') A = MV('A', 'mv') print(r'\bm{A} =', A) A.Fmt(2, r'\bm{A}') A.Fmt(3, r'\bm{A}') X = (x, y, z) = symbols('x y z') (ex, ey, ez, grad) = MV.setup('e_x e_y e_z', metric='[1,1,1]', coords=X) f = MV('f', 'scalar', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) B = MV('B', 'grade2', fct=True) print(r'\bm{A} =', A) print(r'\bm{B} =', B) print('grad*f =', grad * f) print(r'grad|\bm{A} =', grad | A) print(r'grad*\bm{A} =', grad * A) print(r'-I*(grad^\bm{A}) =', -MV.I * (grad ^ A)) print(r'grad*\bm{B} =', grad * B) print(r'grad^\bm{B} =', grad ^ B) print(r'grad|\bm{B} =', grad | B) (a, b, c, d) = MV.setup('a b c d') print('g_{ij} =', MV.metric) print('\\bm{a|(b*c)} =', a | (b * c)) print('\\bm{a|(b^c)} =', a | (b ^ c)) print('\\bm{a|(b^c^d)} =', a | (b ^ c ^ d)) print('\\bm{a|(b^c)+c|(a^b)+b|(c^a)} =', (a | (b ^ c)) + (c | (a ^ b)) + (b | (c ^ a))) print('\\bm{a*(b^c)-b*(a^c)+c*(a^b)} =', a * (b ^ c) - b * (a ^ c) + c * (a ^ b)) print( '\\bm{a*(b^c^d)-b*(a^c^d)+c*(a^b^d)-d*(a^b^c)} =', a * (b ^ c ^ d) - b * (a ^ c ^ d) + c * (a ^ b ^ d) - d * (a ^ b ^ c)) print('\\bm{(a^b)|(c^d)} =', (a ^ b) | (c ^ d)) print('\\bm{((a^b)|c)|d} =', ((a ^ b) | c) | d) print('\\bm{(a^b)\\times (c^d)} =', Com(a ^ b, c ^ d)) metric = '1 # #,' + \ '# 1 #,' + \ '# # 1,' (e1, e2, e3) = MV.setup('e1 e2 e3', metric) E = e1 ^ e2 ^ e3 Esq = (E * E).scalar() print('E =', E) print('%E^{2} =', Esq) Esq_inv = 1 / Esq E1 = (e2 ^ e3) * E E2 = (-1) * (e1 ^ e3) * E E3 = (e1 ^ e2) * E print('E1 = (e2^e3)*E =', E1) print('E2 =-(e1^e3)*E =', E2) print('E3 = (e1^e2)*E =', E3) print('E1|e2 =', (E1 | e2).expand()) print('E1|e3 =', (E1 | e3).expand()) print('E2|e1 =', (E2 | e1).expand()) print('E2|e3 =', (E2 | e3).expand()) print('E3|e1 =', (E3 | e1).expand()) print('E3|e2 =', (E3 | e2).expand()) w = ((E1 | e1).expand()).scalar() Esq = expand(Esq) print('%(E1\\cdot e1)/E^{2} =', simplify(w / Esq)) w = ((E2 | e2).expand()).scalar() print('%(E2\\cdot e2)/E^{2} =', simplify(w / Esq)) w = ((E3 | e3).expand()).scalar() print('%(E3\\cdot e3)/E^{2} =', simplify(w / Esq)) X = (r, th, phi) = symbols('r theta phi') curv = [[r * cos(phi) * sin(th), r * sin(phi) * sin(th), r * cos(th)], [1, r, r * sin(th)]] (er, eth, ephi, grad) = MV.setup('e_r e_theta e_phi', metric='[1,1,1]', coords=X, curv=curv) f = MV('f', 'scalar', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) B = MV('B', 'grade2', fct=True) print('A =', A) print('B =', B) print('grad*f =', grad * f) print('grad|A =', grad | A) print('-I*(grad^A) =', -MV.I * (grad ^ A)) print('grad^B =', grad ^ B) vars = symbols('t x y z') (g0, g1, g2, g3, grad) = MV.setup('gamma*t|x|y|z', metric='[1,-1,-1,-1]', coords=vars) I = MV.I B = MV('B', 'vector', fct=True) E = MV('E', 'vector', fct=True) B.set_coef(1, 0, 0) E.set_coef(1, 0, 0) B *= g0 E *= g0 J = MV('J', 'vector', fct=True) F = E + I * B print('B = \\bm{B\\gamma_{t}} =', B) print('E = \\bm{E\\gamma_{t}} =', E) print('F = E+IB =', F) print('J =', J) gradF = grad * F gradF.Fmt(3, 'grad*F') print('grad*F = J') (gradF.grade(1) - J).Fmt(3, '%\\grade{\\nabla F}_{1} -J = 0') (gradF.grade(3)).Fmt(3, '%\\grade{\\nabla F}_{3} = 0') (alpha, beta, gamma) = symbols('alpha beta gamma') (x, t, xp, tp) = symbols("x t x' t'") (g0, g1) = MV.setup('gamma*t|x', metric='[1,-1]') R = cosh(alpha / 2) + sinh(alpha / 2) * (g0 ^ g1) X = t * g0 + x * g1 Xp = tp * g0 + xp * g1 print('R =', R) print( r"#%t\bm{\gamma_{t}}+x\bm{\gamma_{x}} = t'\bm{\gamma'_{t}}+x'\bm{\gamma'_{x}} = R\lp t'\bm{\gamma_{t}}+x'\bm{\gamma_{x}}\rp R^{\dagger}" ) Xpp = R * Xp * R.rev() Xpp = Xpp.collect([xp, tp]) Xpp = Xpp.subs({ 2 * sinh(alpha / 2) * cosh(alpha / 2): sinh(alpha), sinh(alpha / 2)**2 + cosh(alpha / 2)**2: cosh(alpha) }) print(r"%t\bm{\gamma_{t}}+x\bm{\gamma_{x}} =", Xpp) Xpp = Xpp.subs({sinh(alpha): gamma * beta, cosh(alpha): gamma}) print(r'%\f{\sinh}{\alpha} = \gamma\beta') print(r'%\f{\cosh}{\alpha} = \gamma') print(r"%t\bm{\gamma_{t}}+x\bm{\gamma_{x}} =", Xpp.collect(gamma)) vars = symbols('t x y z') (g0, g1, g2, g3, grad) = MV.setup('gamma*t|x|y|z', metric='[1,-1,-1,-1]', coords=vars) I = MV.I (m, e) = symbols('m e') psi = MV('psi', 'spinor', fct=True) A = MV('A', 'vector', fct=True) sig_z = g3 * g0 print('\\bm{A} =', A) print('\\bm{\\psi} =', psi) dirac_eq = (grad * psi) * I * sig_z - e * A * psi - m * psi * g0 dirac_eq.simplify() dirac_eq.Fmt( 3, r'\nabla \bm{\psi} I \sigma_{z}-e\bm{A}\bm{\psi}-m\bm{\psi}\gamma_{t} = 0' ) xdvi() return