def test_factorial():
n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
assert str(factorial(-2)) == "0"
assert str(factorial(0)) == "1"
assert str(factorial(7)) == "5040"
assert str(factorial(n)) == "n!"
assert str(factorial(2*n)) == "(2*n)!"
assert str(factorial(factorial(n))) == '(n!)!'
assert str(factorial(factorial2(n))) == '(n!!)!'
assert str(factorial2(factorial(n))) == '(n!)!!'
assert str(factorial2(factorial2(n))) == '(n!!)!!'
assert str(subfactorial(3)) == "2"
assert str(subfactorial(n)) == "!n"
assert str(subfactorial(2*n)) == "!(2*n)"
def test_factorial():
n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
assert str(factorial(-2)) == "zoo"
assert str(factorial(0)) == "1"
assert str(factorial(7)) == "5040"
assert str(factorial(n)) == "factorial(n)"
assert str(factorial(2*n)) == "factorial(2*n)"
assert str(factorial(factorial(n))) == 'factorial(factorial(n))'
assert str(factorial(factorial2(n))) == 'factorial(factorial2(n))'
assert str(factorial2(factorial(n))) == 'factorial2(factorial(n))'
assert str(factorial2(factorial2(n))) == 'factorial2(factorial2(n))'
assert str(subfactorial(3)) == "2"
assert str(subfactorial(n)) == "subfactorial(n)"
assert str(subfactorial(2*n)) == "subfactorial(2*n)"
def test_factorial():
n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
assert str(factorial(-2)) == "0"
assert str(factorial(0)) == "1"
assert str(factorial(7)) == "5040"
assert str(factorial(n)) == "n!"
assert str(factorial(2 * n)) == "(2*n)!"
assert str(factorial(factorial(n))) == '(n!)!'
assert str(factorial(factorial2(n))) == '(n!!)!'
assert str(factorial2(factorial(n))) == '(n!)!!'
assert str(factorial2(factorial2(n))) == '(n!!)!!'
assert str(subfactorial(3)) == "2"
assert str(subfactorial(n)) == "!n"
assert str(subfactorial(2 * n)) == "!(2*n)"
def test_factorial():
n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
assert str(factorial(-2)) == "zoo"
assert str(factorial(0)) == "1"
assert str(factorial(7)) == "5040"
assert str(factorial(n)) == "factorial(n)"
assert str(factorial(2*n)) == "factorial(2*n)"
assert str(factorial(factorial(n))) == 'factorial(factorial(n))'
assert str(factorial(factorial2(n))) == 'factorial(factorial2(n))'
assert str(factorial2(factorial(n))) == 'factorial2(factorial(n))'
assert str(factorial2(factorial2(n))) == 'factorial2(factorial2(n))'
assert str(subfactorial(3)) == "2"
assert str(subfactorial(n)) == "subfactorial(n)"
assert str(subfactorial(2*n)) == "subfactorial(2*n)"
def prob6():
"""For n = 5, 10, ..., 50, compute the integral I(n) using SymPy (the
true values) and the subfactorial formula (may or may not be correct).
Plot the relative forward error of the subfactorial formula for each
value of n. Use a log scale for the y-axis.
"""
x = sy.symbols("x")
domain = np.linspace(5,50,10, dtype=int)
err = []
for n in domain:
#calculate the intergral
f = (x**n)*sy.exp(x-1)
I1 = float(sy.integrate(f, (x,0,1)))
#calculate through the formula
I2 = (-1)**n*(sy.subfactorial(n)-sy.factorial(n)/np.exp(1))
#calculate the forward erro
err.append(np.abs(I1-I2))
#plot the forward error
plt.semilogy(domain, err)
plt.xlabel("n")
plt.ylabel("Forward Error")
plt.title("relative forward error")
plt.show()
def prob6():
"""For n = 5, 10, ..., 50, compute the integral I(n) using SymPy (the
true values) and the subfactorial formula (may or may not be correct).
Plot the relative forward error of the subfactorial formula for each
value of n. Use a log scale for the y-axis.
"""
#initialize
x, n, k = sy.symbols('x_,n,k')
summand = (-1)**k / sy.factorial(k)
approx = (-1)**n * (sy.subfactorial(n) - sy.factorial(n) / sy.E)
I_n = sy.integrate(x**n * sy.exp(x - 1.), (x, 0, 1))
#for values of n, evaluate integral
domain, truth, approxs = list(range(5, 51, 5)), [], []
for N in domain:
truth.append(float(I_n.subs(n, N)))
approxs.append(float(approx.subs(n, N)))
#PLOT ERROR
plt.yscale('log')
plt.plot(domain, np.abs(np.array(truth) - np.array(approxs)))
plt.title("Forward Error for subfactorial method of calculating I(n)")
plt.xlabel("n")
plt.ylabel("Error")
plt.show()
def c6():
x = symbols("x")
lst = np.arange(5, 50, 5)
err = np.empty(10)
for i, n in enumerate(lst):
integral = N(integrate(x**n * exp(x - 1), (x, 0, 1)))
subfact = (-1)**n * subfactorial(n) + (-1)**(n + 1) * factorial(n) / e
err[i] = np.abs(integral - subfact)
plt.plot(np.log(err))
plt.show()
def prob6():
"""For n = 5, 10, ..., 50, compute the integral I(n) using SymPy (the
true values) and the subfactorial formula (may or may not be correct).
Plot the relative forward error of the subfactorial formula for each
value of n. Use a log scale for the y-axis.
"""
# Create a list containing the values of n
N = [i * 5 for i in range(1,11)]
errors = []
for n in N:
# Solve for the integral using sy.integrate()
x = sy.symbols('x')
f = x**n * sy.exp(x - 1)
r1 = float(sy.integrate(f, (x, 0, 1)))
# Solve for the integral using the equation 10.6
r2 = float((-1)**n * sy.subfactorial(n)) + (-1)**(n+1) * sy.factorial(n)/np.exp(1)
ref = abs(r1-r2)/abs(r1)
errors.append(ref)
# Plot the resulting errors in a semilogy graph
plt.semilogy(N, errors)
plt.xlabel("n")
plt.ylabel("Reletive forward error")
'''
def test_latex_functions():
assert latex(exp(x)) == "e^{x}"
assert latex(exp(1) + exp(2)) == "e + e^{2}"
f = Function("f")
assert latex(f(x)) == "\\operatorname{f}{\\left (x \\right )}"
beta = Function("beta")
assert latex(beta(x)) == r"\beta{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x)) == r"\sin{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {x}"
assert latex(sin(2 * x ** 2), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {2 x^{2}}"
assert latex(sin(x ** 2), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {x^{2}}"
assert latex(asin(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{asin}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x) ** 2, inv_trig_style="full") == r"\arcsin^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x) ** 2, inv_trig_style="power") == r"\sin^{-1}{\left (x \right )}^{2}"
assert latex(asin(x ** 2), inv_trig_style="power", fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin^{-1} {x^{2}}"
assert latex(factorial(k)) == r"k!"
assert latex(factorial(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!"
assert latex(subfactorial(k)) == r"!k"
assert latex(subfactorial(-k)) == r"!\left(- k\right)"
assert latex(factorial2(k)) == r"k!!"
assert latex(factorial2(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!!"
assert latex(binomial(2, k)) == r"{\binom{2}{k}}"
assert latex(FallingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}_{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(RisingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}^{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(floor(x)) == r"\lfloor{x}\rfloor"
assert latex(ceiling(x)) == r"\lceil{x}\rceil"
assert latex(Min(x, 2, x ** 3)) == r"\min\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Min(x, y) ** 2) == r"\min\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Max(x, 2, x ** 3)) == r"\max\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Max(x, y) ** 2) == r"\max\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Abs(x)) == r"\lvert{x}\rvert"
assert latex(re(x)) == r"\Re{x}"
assert latex(re(x + y)) == r"\Re{x} + \Re{y}"
assert latex(im(x)) == r"\Im{x}"
assert latex(conjugate(x)) == r"\overline{x}"
assert latex(gamma(x)) == r"\Gamma\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(lowergamma(x, y)) == r"\gamma\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(uppergamma(x, y)) == r"\Gamma\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(cot(x)) == r"\cot{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(coth(x)) == r"\coth{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(re(x)) == r"\Re{x}"
assert latex(im(x)) == r"\Im{x}"
assert latex(root(x, y)) == r"x^{\frac{1}{y}}"
assert latex(arg(x)) == r"\arg{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r"\zeta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r"\zeta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x) ** 2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)) == r"\zeta\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y) ** 2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)) == r"\eta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x) ** 2) == r"\eta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x, y)) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x, y) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)) == r"\Phi\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n) ** 2) == r"\Phi^{2}\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(Ei(x)) == r"\operatorname{Ei}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(Ei(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Ei}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(expint(x, y) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{E}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(Shi(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Shi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(Si(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Si}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(Ci(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Ci}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(Chi(x) ** 2) == r"\operatorname{Chi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(jacobi(n, a, b, x)) == r"P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(jacobi(n, a, b, x) ** 2) == r"\left(P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(gegenbauer(n, a, x)) == r"C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(gegenbauer(n, a, x) ** 2) == r"\left(C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(chebyshevt(n, x)) == r"T_{n}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(chebyshevt(n, x) ** 2) == r"\left(T_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(chebyshevu(n, x)) == r"U_{n}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(chebyshevu(n, x) ** 2) == r"\left(U_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(legendre(n, x)) == r"P_{n}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(legendre(n, x) ** 2) == r"\left(P_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(assoc_legendre(n, a, x)) == r"P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(assoc_legendre(n, a, x) ** 2) == r"\left(P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)) == r"L_{n}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(laguerre(n, x) ** 2) == r"\left(L_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(n, a, x)) == r"L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(n, a, x) ** 2) == r"\left(L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
assert latex(hermite(n, x)) == r"H_{n}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(hermite(n, x) ** 2) == r"\left(H_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}"
# Test latex printing of function names with "_"
assert latex(polar_lift(0)) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(polar_lift(0) ** 3) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}^{3}{\left (0 \right )}"
def integral(n):
"""Calculate the integral from 0 to 1 of x^n e^{x-1} dx using the closed
form solution (-1)^n !n + (-1)^{n+1} n!/e.
"""
return (-1)**n*subfactorial(n) + (-1)**(n+1)*factorial(n)/np.exp(1)
def test_issue_8730():
assert limit(subfactorial(x), x, oo) == oo
def integral(n):
'''
RETURN I(n)
'''
return (-1)**n * subfactorial(n) + (-1)**(n + 1) * factorial(n) / np.e
def integral(n):
'''
RETURN I(n)
'''
I = lambda n : (-1)**n * subfactorial(n) + (-1)**(n+1) * factorial(n)/np.e
return I(n)
def test_issue_9308():
assert limit_seq(subfactorial(n) / factorial(n), n) == exp(-1)
def test_latex_functions():
assert latex(exp(x)) == "e^{x}"
assert latex(exp(1) + exp(2)) == "e + e^{2}"
f = Function('f')
assert latex(f(x)) == r'f{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(f) == r'f'
g = Function('g')
assert latex(g(x, y)) == r'g{\left (x,y \right )}'
assert latex(g) == r'g'
h = Function('h')
assert latex(h(x, y, z)) == r'h{\left (x,y,z \right )}'
assert latex(h) == r'h'
Li = Function('Li')
assert latex(Li) == r'\operatorname{Li}'
assert latex(Li(x)) == r'\operatorname{Li}{\left (x \right )}'
beta = Function('beta')
# not to be confused with the beta function
assert latex(beta(x)) == r"\beta{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(beta) == r"\beta"
assert latex(sin(x)) == r"\sin{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {x}"
assert latex(sin(2*x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {2 x^{2}}"
assert latex(sin(x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {x^{2}}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2) == r"\operatorname{asin}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="full") == \
r"\arcsin^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="power") == \
r"\sin^{-1}{\left (x \right )}^{2}"
assert latex(asin(x**2), inv_trig_style="power",
fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin^{-1} {x^{2}}"
assert latex(factorial(k)) == r"k!"
assert latex(factorial(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!"
assert latex(subfactorial(k)) == r"!k"
assert latex(subfactorial(-k)) == r"!\left(- k\right)"
assert latex(factorial2(k)) == r"k!!"
assert latex(factorial2(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!!"
assert latex(binomial(2, k)) == r"{\binom{2}{k}}"
assert latex(FallingFactorial(3,
k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}_{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(RisingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}^{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(floor(x)) == r"\lfloor{x}\rfloor"
assert latex(ceiling(x)) == r"\lceil{x}\rceil"
assert latex(Min(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\min\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Min(x, y)**2) == r"\min\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Max(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\max\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Max(x, y)**2) == r"\max\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Abs(x)) == r"\left\lvert{x}\right\rvert"
assert latex(re(x)) == r"\Re{x}"
assert latex(re(x + y)) == r"\Re{x} + \Re{y}"
assert latex(im(x)) == r"\Im{x}"
assert latex(conjugate(x)) == r"\overline{x}"
assert latex(gamma(x)) == r"\Gamma{\left(x \right)}"
w = Wild('w')
assert latex(gamma(w)) == r"\Gamma{\left(w \right)}"
assert latex(Order(x)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x, x)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x, x, 0)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x, x,
oo)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x; x\rightarrow\infty\right)"
assert latex(
Order(x, x, y)
) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x; \begin{pmatrix}x, & y\end{pmatrix}\rightarrow0\right)"
assert latex(
Order(x, x, y, 0)
) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x; \begin{pmatrix}x, & y\end{pmatrix}\rightarrow0\right)"
assert latex(
Order(x, x, y, oo)
) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x; \begin{pmatrix}x, & y\end{pmatrix}\rightarrow\infty\right)"
assert latex(lowergamma(x, y)) == r'\gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(uppergamma(x, y)) == r'\Gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(cot(x)) == r'\cot{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(coth(x)) == r'\coth{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(re(x)) == r'\Re{x}'
assert latex(im(x)) == r'\Im{x}'
assert latex(root(x, y)) == r'x^{\frac{1}{y}}'
assert latex(arg(x)) == r'\arg{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r'\zeta\left(x\right)'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r"\zeta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)) == r"\zeta\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)) == r"\eta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)**2) == r"\eta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x, y)) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x,
y)**2) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)) == r"\Phi\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)**2) == r"\Phi^{2}\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_k(z)) == r"K\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_k(z)**2) == r"K^{2}\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_f(x, y)) == r"F\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_f(x, y)**2) == r"F^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(x, y)) == r"E\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(x, y)**2) == r"E^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(z)) == r"E\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(z)**2) == r"E^{2}\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y, z)) == r"\Pi\left(x; y\middle| z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y, z)**2) == \
r"\Pi^{2}\left(x; y\middle| z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y)) == r"\Pi\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y)**2) == r"\Pi^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(Ei(x)) == r'\operatorname{Ei}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ei(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ei}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(expint(x, y)**2) == r'\operatorname{E}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)'
assert latex(Shi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Shi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Si(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Si}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ci(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ci}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Chi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Chi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Chi(x)) == r'\operatorname{Chi}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(jacobi(n, a, b,
x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(jacobi(
n, a, b,
x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(gegenbauer(n, a,
x)) == r'C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(gegenbauer(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevt(n, x)) == r'T_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(chebyshevt(n,
x)**2) == r'\left(T_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevu(n, x)) == r'U_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(chebyshevu(n,
x)**2) == r'\left(U_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)) == r'P_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(assoc_legendre(n, a,
x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_legendre(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)) == r'L_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(n, a,
x)) == r'L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)) == r'H_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)**2) == r'\left(H_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
theta = Symbol("theta", real=True)
phi = Symbol("phi", real=True)
assert latex(Ynm(n, m, theta, phi)) == r'Y_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)'
assert latex(
Ynm(n, m, theta,
phi)**3) == r'\left(Y_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)\right)^{3}'
assert latex(Znm(n, m, theta, phi)) == r'Z_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)'
assert latex(
Znm(n, m, theta,
phi)**3) == r'\left(Z_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)\right)^{3}'
# Test latex printing of function names with "_"
assert latex(
polar_lift(0)) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(polar_lift(0)**
3) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}^{3}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(totient(n)) == r'\phi\left( n \right)'
# some unknown function name should get rendered with \operatorname
fjlkd = Function('fjlkd')
assert latex(fjlkd(x)) == r'\operatorname{fjlkd}{\left (x \right )}'
# even when it is referred to without an argument
assert latex(fjlkd) == r'\operatorname{fjlkd}'
def integral(n):
'''
RETURN I(n)
'''
return (-1)**n * subfactorial(n) + (-1)**(n+1) * factorial(n) / np.e
def test_latex_functions():
assert latex(exp(x)) == "e^{x}"
assert latex(exp(1) + exp(2)) == "e + e^{2}"
f = Function('f')
assert latex(f(x)) == '\\operatorname{f}{\\left (x \\right )}'
beta = Function('beta')
assert latex(beta(x)) == r"\beta{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x)) == r"\sin{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {x}"
assert latex(sin(2*x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {2 x^{2}}"
assert latex(sin(x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {x^{2}}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2) == r"\operatorname{asin}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="full") == \
r"\arcsin^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="power") == \
r"\sin^{-1}{\left (x \right )}^{2}"
assert latex(asin(x**2), inv_trig_style="power",
fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin^{-1} {x^{2}}"
assert latex(factorial(k)) == r"k!"
assert latex(factorial(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!"
assert latex(subfactorial(k)) == r"!k"
assert latex(subfactorial(-k)) == r"!\left(- k\right)"
assert latex(factorial2(k)) == r"k!!"
assert latex(factorial2(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!!"
assert latex(binomial(2, k)) == r"{\binom{2}{k}}"
assert latex(FallingFactorial(3,
k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}_{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(RisingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}^{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(floor(x)) == r"\lfloor{x}\rfloor"
assert latex(ceiling(x)) == r"\lceil{x}\rceil"
assert latex(Min(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\min\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Min(x, y)**2) == r"\min\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Max(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\max\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Max(x, y)**2) == r"\max\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Abs(x)) == r"\lvert{x}\rvert"
assert latex(re(x)) == r"\Re{x}"
assert latex(re(x + y)) == r"\Re{x} + \Re{y}"
assert latex(im(x)) == r"\Im{x}"
assert latex(conjugate(x)) == r"\overline{x}"
assert latex(gamma(x)) == r"\Gamma\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(lowergamma(x, y)) == r'\gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(uppergamma(x, y)) == r'\Gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(cot(x)) == r'\cot{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(coth(x)) == r'\coth{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(re(x)) == r'\Re{x}'
assert latex(im(x)) == r'\Im{x}'
assert latex(root(x, y)) == r'x^{\frac{1}{y}}'
assert latex(arg(x)) == r'\arg{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r'\zeta\left(x\right)'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r"\zeta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)) == r"\zeta\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)) == r"\eta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)**2) == r"\eta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x, y)) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x,
y)**2) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)) == r"\Phi\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)**2) == r"\Phi^{2}\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(Ei(x)) == r'\operatorname{Ei}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ei(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ei}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(expint(x, y)**2) == r'\operatorname{E}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)'
assert latex(Shi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Shi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Si(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Si}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ci(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ci}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Chi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Chi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(jacobi(n, a, b,
x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(jacobi(
n, a, b,
x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(gegenbauer(n, a,
x)) == r'C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(gegenbauer(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevt(n, x)) == r'T_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(chebyshevt(n,
x)**2) == r'\left(T_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevu(n, x)) == r'U_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(chebyshevu(n,
x)**2) == r'\left(U_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)) == r'P_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(assoc_legendre(n, a,
x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_legendre(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)) == r'L_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(n, a,
x)) == r'L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(
n, a,
x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)) == r'H_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)**2) == r'\left(H_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
# Test latex printing of function names with "_"
assert latex(
polar_lift(0)) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(polar_lift(0)**
3) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}^{3}{\left (0 \right )}"
def test_latex_functions():
assert latex(exp(x)) == "e^{x}"
assert latex(exp(1) + exp(2)) == "e + e^{2}"
f = Function('f')
assert latex(f(x)) == r'f{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(f) == r'f'
g = Function('g')
assert latex(g(x, y)) == r'g{\left (x,y \right )}'
assert latex(g) == r'g'
h = Function('h')
assert latex(h(x, y, z)) == r'h{\left (x,y,z \right )}'
assert latex(h) == r'h'
Li = Function('Li')
assert latex(Li) == r'\operatorname{Li}'
assert latex(Li(x)) == r'\operatorname{Li}{\left (x \right )}'
beta = Function('beta')
# not to be confused with the beta function
assert latex(beta(x)) == r"\beta{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(beta) == r"\beta"
assert latex(sin(x)) == r"\sin{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(sin(x), fold_func_brackets=True) == r"\sin {x}"
assert latex(sin(2*x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {2 x^{2}}"
assert latex(sin(x**2), fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin {x^{2}}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2) == r"\operatorname{asin}^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="full") == \
r"\arcsin^{2}{\left (x \right )}"
assert latex(asin(x)**2, inv_trig_style="power") == \
r"\sin^{-1}{\left (x \right )}^{2}"
assert latex(asin(x**2), inv_trig_style="power",
fold_func_brackets=True) == \
r"\sin^{-1} {x^{2}}"
assert latex(factorial(k)) == r"k!"
assert latex(factorial(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!"
assert latex(subfactorial(k)) == r"!k"
assert latex(subfactorial(-k)) == r"!\left(- k\right)"
assert latex(factorial2(k)) == r"k!!"
assert latex(factorial2(-k)) == r"\left(- k\right)!!"
assert latex(binomial(2, k)) == r"{\binom{2}{k}}"
assert latex(
FallingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}_{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(RisingFactorial(3, k)) == r"{\left(3\right)}^{\left(k\right)}"
assert latex(floor(x)) == r"\lfloor{x}\rfloor"
assert latex(ceiling(x)) == r"\lceil{x}\rceil"
assert latex(Min(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\min\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Min(x, y)**2) == r"\min\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Max(x, 2, x**3)) == r"\max\left(2, x, x^{3}\right)"
assert latex(Max(x, y)**2) == r"\max\left(x, y\right)^{2}"
assert latex(Abs(x)) == r"\left\lvert{x}\right\rvert"
assert latex(re(x)) == r"\Re{x}"
assert latex(re(x + y)) == r"\Re{x} + \Re{y}"
assert latex(im(x)) == r"\Im{x}"
assert latex(conjugate(x)) == r"\overline{x}"
assert latex(gamma(x)) == r"\Gamma\left(x\right)"
assert latex(Order(x)) == r"\mathcal{O}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(lowergamma(x, y)) == r'\gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(uppergamma(x, y)) == r'\Gamma\left(x, y\right)'
assert latex(cot(x)) == r'\cot{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(coth(x)) == r'\coth{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(re(x)) == r'\Re{x}'
assert latex(im(x)) == r'\Im{x}'
assert latex(root(x, y)) == r'x^{\frac{1}{y}}'
assert latex(arg(x)) == r'\arg{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r'\zeta\left(x\right)'
assert latex(zeta(x)) == r"\zeta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)) == r"\zeta\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(zeta(x, y)**2) == r"\zeta^{2}\left(x, y\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)) == r"\eta\left(x\right)"
assert latex(dirichlet_eta(x)**2) == r"\eta^{2}\left(x\right)"
assert latex(polylog(x, y)) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(
polylog(x, y)**2) == r"\operatorname{Li}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)) == r"\Phi\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(lerchphi(x, y, n)**2) == r"\Phi^{2}\left(x, y, n\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_k(z)) == r"K\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_k(z)**2) == r"K^{2}\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_f(x, y)) == r"F\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_f(x, y)**2) == r"F^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(x, y)) == r"E\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(x, y)**2) == r"E^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(z)) == r"E\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_e(z)**2) == r"E^{2}\left(z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y, z)) == r"\Pi\left(x; y\middle| z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y, z)**2) == \
r"\Pi^{2}\left(x; y\middle| z\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y)) == r"\Pi\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(elliptic_pi(x, y)**2) == r"\Pi^{2}\left(x\middle| y\right)"
assert latex(Ei(x)) == r'\operatorname{Ei}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ei(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ei}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(expint(x, y)**2) == r'\operatorname{E}_{x}^{2}\left(y\right)'
assert latex(Shi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Shi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Si(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Si}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Ci(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Ci}^{2}{\left (x \right )}'
assert latex(Chi(x)**2) == r'\operatorname{Chi}^{2}{\left (x \right )}', latex(Chi(x)**2)
assert latex(
jacobi(n, a, b, x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(jacobi(n, a, b, x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a,b\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(
gegenbauer(n, a, x)) == r'C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(gegenbauer(n, a, x)**2) == r'\left(C_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevt(n, x)) == r'T_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(
chebyshevt(n, x)**2) == r'\left(T_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(chebyshevu(n, x)) == r'U_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(
chebyshevu(n, x)**2) == r'\left(U_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)) == r'P_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(legendre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(
assoc_legendre(n, a, x)) == r'P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_legendre(n, a, x)**2) == r'\left(P_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)) == r'L_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(laguerre(n, x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(
assoc_laguerre(n, a, x)) == r'L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(assoc_laguerre(n, a, x)**2) == r'\left(L_{n}^{\left(a\right)}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)) == r'H_{n}\left(x\right)'
assert latex(hermite(n, x)**2) == r'\left(H_{n}\left(x\right)\right)^{2}'
theta = Symbol("theta", real=True)
phi = Symbol("phi", real=True)
assert latex(Ynm(n,m,theta,phi)) == r'Y_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)'
assert latex(Ynm(n, m, theta, phi)**3) == r'\left(Y_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)\right)^{3}'
assert latex(Znm(n,m,theta,phi)) == r'Z_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)'
assert latex(Znm(n, m, theta, phi)**3) == r'\left(Z_{n}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)\right)^{3}'
# Test latex printing of function names with "_"
assert latex(
polar_lift(0)) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(polar_lift(
0)**3) == r"\operatorname{polar\_lift}^{3}{\left (0 \right )}"
assert latex(totient(n)) == r'\phi\left( n \right)'
# some unknown function name should get rendered with \operatorname
fjlkd = Function('fjlkd')
assert latex(fjlkd(x)) == r'\operatorname{fjlkd}{\left (x \right )}'
# even when it is referred to without an argument
assert latex(fjlkd) == r'\operatorname{fjlkd}'
def test_issue_8730():
assert limit(subfactorial(x), x, oo) == oo
def integral(n):
'''
RETURN I(n)
'''
return ((-1)**n*subfactorial(n) +((-1)**(n+1))*math.factorial(n)/np.exp(1))