def __init__(
self,
root,
form=None,
lemma=None,
upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None,
feats=None,
deprel=None,
misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self._root = root
self._ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(feats) if feats and feats != '_' else None
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(misc) if misc and misc != '_' else None
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
self._mentions = list()
def __init__(self, words=None, form=None, misc=None, root=None):
self.words = words if words is not None else []
self.form = form
self._misc = DualDict(misc) if misc and misc != '_' else None
self.root = root
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = self # pylint: disable=W0212
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
See `udapi.core.node.Node` for details.
"""
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict()
return self._misc
def __init__(self, words=None, form=None, misc=None, root=None):
self.words = words if words is not None else []
self.form = form
self._misc = DualDict(misc)
self.root = root
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = self # pylint: disable=W0212
class MWT(object):
"""Class for representing multi-word tokens in UD trees."""
__slots__ = ['words', 'form', '_misc', 'root']
def __init__(self, words=None, form=None, misc=None, root=None):
self.words = words if words is not None else []
self.form = form
self._misc = DualDict(misc) if misc and misc != '_' else None
self.root = root
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = self # pylint: disable=W0212
@property
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
See `udapi.core.node.Node` for details.
"""
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict()
return self._misc
@misc.setter
def misc(self, value):
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict(value)
else:
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
@property
def ord_range(self):
"""Return a string suitable for the first column of CoNLL-U."""
self.words.sort()
return "%d-%d" % (self.words[0].ord, self.words[-1].ord)
def remove(self):
"""Delete this multi-word token (but keep its words)."""
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = None # pylint: disable=W0212
self.root.multiword_tokens.remove(self)
def address(self):
"""Full (document-wide) id of the multi-word token."""
return self.root.address + '#' + self.ord_range
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.misc` as a dict, e.g. `if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] == 'No'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.misc['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole MISC (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.misc == 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.misc['SpaceAfter'] = 'No'`
`node.misc = {'SpaceAfter': 'No', 'X': 'Y'}`
`node.misc = 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`
`node.misc = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation, see ``udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict``.
"""
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict()
return self._misc
def __init__(
self,
form=None,
lemma=None,
upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None,
feats=None,
deprel=None,
misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self.ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(string=feats)
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(string=misc)
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
class MWT(object):
"""Class for representing multi-word tokens in UD trees."""
__slots__ = ['words', 'form', '_misc', 'root']
def __init__(self, words=None, form=None, misc=None, root=None):
self.words = words if words is not None else []
self.form = form
self._misc = DualDict(misc)
self.root = root
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = self # pylint: disable=W0212
@property
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
See `udapi.core.node.Node` for details.
"""
return self._misc
@misc.setter
def misc(self, value):
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
def ord_range(self):
"""Return a string suitable for the first column of CoNLL-U."""
return "%d-%d" % (self.words[0].ord, self.words[-1].ord)
def remove(self):
"""Delete this multi-word token (but keep its words)."""
for word in self.words:
word._mwt = None # pylint: disable=W0212
self.root.multiword_tokens = [tok for tok in self.root.multiword_tokens if tok != self]
def address(self):
"""Full (document-wide) id of the multi-word token."""
return self.root.address + '#' + self.ord_range
def __init__(self, form=None, lemma=None, upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None, feats=None, deprel=None, misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self.ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(feats)
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(misc)
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
class Node(object):
"""Class for representing nodes in Universal Dependency trees.
Attributes `form`, `lemma`, `upos`, `xpos` and `deprel` are public attributes of type `str`,
so you can use e.g. `node.lemma = node.form`.
`node.ord` is a int type public attribute for storing the node's word order index,
but assigning to it should be done with care, so the non-root nodes have `ord`s 1,2,3...
It is recommended to use one of the `node.shift_*` methods for reordering nodes.
For changing dependency structure (topology) of the tree, there is the `parent` property,
e.g. `node.parent = node.parent.parent` and `node.create_child()` method.
Properties `node.children` and `node.descendants` return object of type `ListOfNodes`,
so it is possible to do e.g.
>>> all_children = node.children
>>> left_children = node.children(preceding_only=True)
>>> right_descendants = node.descendants(following_only=True, add_self=True)
Properties `node.feats` and `node.misc` return objects of type `DualDict`, so one can do e.g.:
>>> node = Node()
>>> str(node.feats)
'_'
>>> node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
>>> node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1' # equivalent to the above
>>> node.feats['Case']
'Nom'
>>> node.feats['NonExistent']
''
>>> node.feats['Case'] = 'Gen'
>>> str(node.feats)
'Case=Gen|Person=1'
>>> dict(node.feats)
{'Case': 'Gen', 'Person': '1'}
Handling of enhanced dependencies, multi-word tokens and other node's methods
are described below.
"""
# TODO: Benchmark memory and speed of slots vs. classic dict.
# With Python 3.5 split dict, slots may not be better.
# TODO: Should not we include __weakref__ in slots?
__slots__ = [
'ord', # Word-order index of the node (root has 0).
'form', # Word form or punctuation symbol.
'lemma', # Lemma of word form.
'upos', # Universal PoS tag.
'xpos', # Language-specific part-of-speech tag; underscore if not available.
'deprel', # UD dependency relation to the HEAD (root iff HEAD = 0).
'_misc', # Any other annotation as udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict object.
'_raw_deps', # Enhanced dependencies (head-deprel pairs) in their original CoNLLU format.
'_deps', # Deserialized enhanced dependencies in a list of {parent, deprel} dicts.
'_feats', # Morphological features as udapi.core.feats.Feats object.
'_parent', # Parent node.
'_children', # Ord-ordered list of child nodes.
'_mwt', # Multi-word token in which this word participates.
]
def __init__(
self,
form=None,
lemma=None,
upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None,
feats=None,
deprel=None,
misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self.ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(feats)
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(misc)
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
def __str__(self):
"""Pretty print of the Node object."""
return "node<%s, %s>" % (self.address(), self.form)
@property
def udeprel(self):
"""Return the universal part of dependency relation, e.g. `acl` instead of `acl:relcl`.
So you can write `node.udeprel` instead of `node.deprel.split(':')[0]`.
"""
return self.deprel.split(':')[0] if self.deprel is not None else None
@udeprel.setter
def udeprel(self, value):
sdeprel = self.sdeprel
if sdeprel is not None and sdeprel != '':
self.deprel = value + ':' + sdeprel
else:
self.deprel = value
@property
def sdeprel(self):
"""Return the language-specific part of dependency relation.
E.g. if deprel = `acl:relcl` then sdeprel = `relcl`.
If deprel=`acl` then sdeprel = empty string.
If deprel is `None` then `node.sdeprel` will return `None` as well.
"""
if self.deprel is None:
return None
parts = self.deprel.split(':', 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
return parts[1]
return ''
@property
def feats(self):
"""Property for morphological features stored as a `Feats` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.feats` as a dict, e.g. `if node.feats['Case'] == 'Nom'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.feats['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole FEATS (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.feats == 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.feats['Case'] = 'Nom'`
`node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
`node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`
`node.feats = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation and other methods (e.g. `node.feats.is_plural()`),
see ``udapi.core.feats.Feats`` which is a subclass of `DualDict`.
"""
return self._feats
@feats.setter
def feats(self, value):
self._feats.set_mapping(value)
@property
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.misc` as a dict, e.g. `if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] == 'No'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.misc['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole MISC (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.misc == 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.misc['SpaceAfter'] = 'No'`
`node.misc = {'SpaceAfter': 'No', 'X': 'Y'}`
`node.misc = 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`
`node.misc = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation, see ``udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict``.
"""
return self._misc
@misc.setter
def misc(self, value):
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
@property
def raw_deps(self):
"""String serialization of enhanced dependencies as stored in CoNLL-U files.
After the access to the raw enhanced dependencies,
provide the serialization if they were deserialized already.
"""
if self._deps is not None:
serialized_deps = []
for secondary_dependence in self._deps:
serialized_deps.append('%d:%s' %
(secondary_dependence['parent'].ord,
secondary_dependence['deprel']))
self._raw_deps = '|'.join(serialized_deps)
return self._raw_deps
@raw_deps.setter
def raw_deps(self, value):
"""Set serialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a string).
When updating raw secondary dependencies,
delete the current version of the deserialized data.
"""
self._raw_deps = str(value)
self._deps = None
@property
def deps(self):
"""Return enhanced dependencies as a Python list of dicts.
After the first access to the enhanced dependencies,
provide the deserialization of the raw data and save deps to the list.
"""
if self._deps is None:
# Obtain a list of all nodes in the dependency tree.
nodes = [self.root] + self.root.descendants()
# Create a list of secondary dependencies.
self._deps = list()
if self._raw_deps == '_':
return self._deps
for raw_dependency in self._raw_deps.split('|'):
head, deprel = raw_dependency.split(':')
parent = nodes[int(head)]
self._deps.append({'parent': parent, 'deprel': deprel})
return self._deps
@deps.setter
def deps(self, value):
"""Set deserialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a list of dicts)."""
self._deps = value
@property
def parent(self):
"""Return dependency parent (head) node."""
return self._parent
@parent.setter
def parent(self, new_parent):
"""Set a new dependency parent node.
Check if the parent assignment is valid (no cycles) and assign
a new parent (dependency head) for the current node.
If the node had a parent, it is detached first
(from the list of original parent's children).
"""
# If the parent is already assigned, return.
if self.parent is new_parent:
return
# The node itself couldn't be assigned as a parent. None cannot be used as parent.
if self is new_parent:
raise ValueError(
'Cannot set a node as its own parent (cycle are forbidden): %s'
% self)
if new_parent is None:
raise ValueError('Cannot set None as parent: %s' % self)
# Check if the current Node is not an antecedent of the new parent.
climbing_node = new_parent
while not climbing_node.is_root():
if climbing_node is self:
raise ValueError(
'Setting the parent of %s to %s would lead to a cycle.' %
(self, new_parent))
climbing_node = climbing_node.parent
# Remove the current Node from the children of the old parent.
# Forbid moving nodes from one tree to another using parent setter.
if self._parent:
self._parent._children = [
node for node in self.parent.children if node is not self
]
# TODO: .root is currently computed, so it is quite slow
old_root, new_root = self._parent.root, climbing_node
if old_root is not new_root:
raise ValueError(
'Cannot move nodes between trees with parent setter, '
'use new_root.steal_nodes(nodes_to_be_moved) instead')
# Set the new parent.
self._parent = new_parent
# Append the current node to the new parent children.
new_parent._children = sorted(new_parent.children + [self],
key=lambda child: child.ord)
@property
def children(self):
"""Return a list of dependency children (direct dependants) nodes.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.children is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the children of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.children(), but just
node.children
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.children(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.children(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.children(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.children(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.children, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
return ListOfNodes(self._children, origin=self)
@property
def root(self):
"""Return the (technical) root node of the whole tree."""
node = self
while node.parent:
node = node.parent
return node
@property
def descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants of the current node.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.descendants is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the descendants of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.descendants(), but just
node.descendants
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.descendants(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.descendants(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.descendants, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
return ListOfNodes(sorted(self.unordered_descendants(),
key=lambda n: n.ord),
origin=self)
def is_descendant_of(self, node):
"""Is the current node a descendant of the node given as argument?"""
climber = self.parent
while climber:
if climber is node:
return True
climber = climber.parent
return False
def create_child(self, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new child of the current node."""
new_node = Node(**kwargs)
new_node.ord = len(self.root._descendants) + 1
self.root._descendants.append(new_node)
self.children.append(new_node)
new_node.parent = self
return new_node
def create_empty_child(self, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new empty node child of the current node."""
new_node = Node(**kwargs)
self.root.empty_nodes.append(new_node)
# self.enh_children.append(new_node) TODO
# new_node.enh_parents.append(self) TODO
return new_node
# TODO: make private: _unordered_descendants
def unordered_descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants in any order."""
descendants = []
for child in self.children:
descendants.append(child)
descendants.extend(child.unordered_descendants())
return descendants
@staticmethod
def is_root():
"""Is the current node a (technical) root?
Returns False for all Node instances, irrespectively of whether is has a parent or not.
True is returned only by instances of udapi.core.root.Root.
"""
return False
def remove(self, children=None):
"""Delete this node and all its descendants.
Args:
children: a string specifying what to do if the node has any children.
The default (None) is to delete them (and all their descendants).
`rehang` means to re-attach those children to the parent of the removed node.
`warn` means to issue a warning if any children are present and delete them.
`rehang_warn` means to rehang and warn:-).
"""
self.parent._children = [
child for child in self.parent.children if child is not self
]
if children is not None and self.children:
if children.startswith('rehang'):
for child in self.children:
child.parent = self.parent
if children.endswith('warn'):
logging.warning(
'%s is being removed by remove(children=%s), '
' but it has (unexpected) children', self, children)
self.root._update_ordering()
# TODO: make private: _shift
def shift(self,
reference_node,
after=0,
move_subtree=0,
reference_subtree=0):
"""Internal method for changing word order."""
nodes_to_move = [self]
if move_subtree:
nodes_to_move.extend(self.descendants())
reference_ord = reference_node.ord
if reference_subtree:
for node in [
n for n in reference_node.descendants() if n is not self
]:
if (after and node.ord > reference_ord) or (
not after and node.ord < reference_ord):
reference_ord = node.ord
common_delta = 0.5 if after else -0.5
# TODO: can we use some sort of epsilon instead of choosing a silly
# upper bound for out-degree?
for node_to_move in nodes_to_move:
node_to_move.ord = reference_ord + common_delta + \
(node_to_move.ord - self.ord) / 100000.
self.root._update_ordering()
# TODO add without_children kwarg
def shift_after_node(self, reference_node):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
self.shift(reference_node,
after=1,
move_subtree=1,
reference_subtree=0)
def shift_before_node(self, reference_node):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
self.shift(reference_node,
after=0,
move_subtree=1,
reference_subtree=0)
def shift_after_subtree(self, reference_node, without_children=0):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) after the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
self.shift(reference_node,
after=1,
move_subtree=not without_children,
reference_subtree=1)
def shift_before_subtree(self, reference_node, without_children=0):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) before the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
self.shift(reference_node,
after=0,
move_subtree=not without_children,
reference_subtree=1)
@property
def prev_node(self):
"""Return the previous node according to word order."""
new_ord = self.ord - 1
if new_ord < 0:
return None
if new_ord == 0:
return self.root
return self.root._descendants[new_ord - 1]
@property
def next_node(self):
"""Return the following node according to word order."""
# Note that all_nodes[n].ord == n+1
try:
return self.root._descendants[self.ord]
except IndexError:
return None
def precedes(self, node):
"""Does this node precedes another `node` in word order (`self.ord < node.ord`)?"""
return self.ord < node.ord
def is_leaf(self):
"""Is this node a leaf, ie. a node without any children?"""
return not self.children
def _get_attr(self, name): # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
if name == 'dir':
if self.parent.is_root():
return 'root'
return 'left' if self.precedes(self.parent) else 'right'
if name == 'edge':
if self.parent.is_root():
return 0
return self.ord - self.parent.ord
if name == 'children':
return len(self.children)
if name == 'siblings':
return len(self.parent.children) - 1
if name == 'depth':
value = 0
tmp = self
while not tmp.is_root():
tmp = tmp.parent
value += 1
return value
if name == 'feats_split':
return str(self.feats).split('|')
if name.startswith('feats['):
return self.feats[name[6:-1]]
if name.startswith('misc['):
return self.misc[name[5:-1]]
return getattr(self, name)
def get_attrs(self, attrs, undefs=None, stringify=True):
"""Return multiple attributes or pseudo-attributes, possibly substituting empty ones.
Pseudo-attributes:
p_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the parent node.
c_xy is a list of the (pseudo) attributes xy of the children nodes.
l_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the previous (left in LTR langs) node.
r_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the following (right in LTR langs) node.
dir: 'left' = the node is a left child of its parent,
'right' = the node is a rigth child of its parent,
'root' = the node's parent is the technical root.
edge: length of the edge to parent (`node.ord - node.parent.ord`) or 0 if parent is root
children: number of children nodes.
siblings: number of siblings nodes.
depth: depth in the dependency tree (technical root has depth=0, highest word has depth=1).
feats_split: list of name=value formatted strings of the FEATS.
Args:
attrs: A list of attribute names, e.g. ``['form', 'lemma', 'p_upos']``.
undefs: A value to be used instead of None for empty (undefined) values.
stringify: Apply `str()` on each value (except for None)
"""
values = []
for name in attrs:
nodes = [self]
if name.startswith('p_'):
nodes, name = [self.parent], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('c_'):
nodes, name = self.children, name[2:]
elif name.startswith('l_'):
nodes, name = [self.prev_node], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('r_'):
nodes, name = [self.next_node], name[2:]
for node in (n for n in nodes if n is not None):
if name == 'feats_split':
values.extend(node._get_attr(name))
else:
values.append(node._get_attr(name))
if undefs is not None:
values = [x if x is not None else undefs for x in values]
if stringify:
values = [str(x) if x is not None else None for x in values]
return values
def compute_text(self, use_mwt=True):
"""Return a string representing this subtree's text (detokenized).
Compute the string by concatenating forms of nodes
(words and multi-word tokens) and joining them with a single space,
unless the node has SpaceAfter=No in its misc.
If called on root this method returns a string suitable for storing
in root.text (but it is not stored there automatically).
Technical details:
If called on root, the root's form (<ROOT>) is not included in the string.
If called on non-root nodeA, nodeA's form is included in the string,
i.e. internally descendants(add_self=True) is used.
Note that if the subtree is non-projective, the resulting string may be misleading.
Args:
use_mwt: consider multi-word tokens? (default=True)
"""
string = ''
last_mwt_id = 0
for node in self.descendants(add_self=not self.is_root()):
mwt = node.multiword_token
if use_mwt and mwt:
if node.ord > last_mwt_id:
last_mwt_id = mwt.words[-1].ord
string += mwt.form
if mwt.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
else:
string += node.form
if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
return string.rstrip()
def print_subtree(self, **kwargs):
"""Print ASCII visualization of the dependency structure of this subtree.
This method is useful for debugging.
Internally udapi.block.write.textmodetrees.TextModeTrees is used for the printing.
All keyword arguments of this method are passed to its constructor,
so you can use e.g.:
files: to redirect sys.stdout to a file
indent: to have wider trees
attributes: to override the default list 'form,upos,deprel'
See TextModeTrees for details and other parameters.
"""
TextModeTrees(**kwargs).process_tree(self)
def address(self):
"""Return full (document-wide) id of the node.
For non-root nodes, the general address format is:
node.bundle.bundle_id + '/' + node.root.zone + '#' + node.ord,
e.g. s123/en_udpipe#4. If zone is empty, the slash is excluded as well,
e.g. s123#4.
"""
return '%s#%d' % (self.root.address() if self.root else '?', self.ord)
@property
def multiword_token(self):
"""Return the multi-word token which includes this node, or None.
If this node represents a (syntactic) word which is part of a multi-word token,
this method returns the instance of udapi.core.mwt.MWT.
If this nodes is not part of any multi-word token, this method returns None.
"""
return self._mwt
def is_nonprojective(self):
"""Is the node attached to its parent non-projectively?
Is there at least one node between (word-order-wise) this node and its parent
that is not dominated by the parent?
For higher speed, the actual implementation does not find the node(s)
which cause(s) the gap. It only checks the number of parent's descendants in the span
and the total number of nodes in the span.
"""
# Root and its children are always projective
parent = self.parent
if not parent or parent.is_root():
return False
# Edges between neighboring nodes are always projective.
# Check it now to make it a bit faster.
ord1, ord2 = self.ord, parent.ord
if ord1 > ord2:
ord1, ord2 = ord2, ord1
distance = ord2 - ord1
if distance == 1:
return False
# Get all the descendants of parent that are in the span of the edge.
span = [n for n in parent.descendants if n.ord > ord1 and n.ord < ord2]
# For projective edges, span must include all the nodes between parent and self.
return len(span) != distance - 1
def is_nonprojective_gap(self):
"""Is the node causing a non-projective gap within another node's subtree?
Is there at least one node X such that
- this node is not a descendant of X, but
- this node is within span of X, i.e. it is between (word-order-wise)
X's leftmost descendant (or X itself) and X's rightmost descendant (or X itself).
"""
ancestors = set([self])
node = self
while node.parent:
node = node.parent
ancestors.add(node)
all_nodes = node.descendants
for left_node in all_nodes[:self.ord - 1]:
if self.precedes(
left_node.parent) and left_node.parent not in ancestors:
return True
for right_node in all_nodes[self.ord:]:
if right_node.parent.precedes(
self) and right_node.parent not in ancestors:
return True
return False
@property
def no_space_after(self):
"""Boolean property as a shortcut for `node.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"`."""
return self.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"
@property
def gloss(self):
"""String property as a shortcut for `node.misc["Gloss"]`."""
return self.misc["Gloss"]
@gloss.setter
def gloss(self, new_gloss):
self.misc["Gloss"] = new_gloss
class Node(object):
"""Class for representing nodes in Universal Dependency trees.
Attributes `form`, `lemma`, `upos`, `xpos` and `deprel` are public attributes of type `str`,
so you can use e.g. `node.lemma = node.form`.
`node.ord` is a int type property for storing the node's word-order index,
but assigning to it should be done with care, so the non-root nodes have `ord`s 1,2,3...
It is recommended to use one of the `node.shift_*` methods for reordering nodes.
Note that `EmptyNode`s (subclass of `Node`) have decimal ords (and no `shift_*` methods).
For changing dependency structure (topology) of the tree, there is the `parent` property,
e.g. `node.parent = node.parent.parent` and `node.create_child()` method.
Properties `node.children` and `node.descendants` return object of type `ListOfNodes`,
so it is possible to do e.g.
>>> all_children = node.children
>>> left_children = node.children(preceding_only=True)
>>> right_descendants = node.descendants(following_only=True, add_self=True)
Properties `node.feats` and `node.misc` return objects of type `DualDict`, so one can do e.g.:
>>> node = Node()
>>> str(node.feats)
'_'
>>> node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
>>> node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1' # equivalent to the above
>>> node.feats['Case']
'Nom'
>>> node.feats['NonExistent']
''
>>> node.feats['Case'] = 'Gen'
>>> str(node.feats)
'Case=Gen|Person=1'
>>> dict(node.feats)
{'Case': 'Gen', 'Person': '1'}
Handling of enhanced dependencies, multi-word tokens and other node's methods
are described below.
"""
# TODO: Benchmark memory and speed of slots vs. classic dict.
# With Python 3.5 split dict, slots may not be better.
# TODO: Should not we include __weakref__ in slots?
# TODO: Benchmark using node._ord instead node.ord in this file
__slots__ = [
'_ord', # Word-order index of the node (root has 0).
'form', # Word form or punctuation symbol.
'lemma', # Lemma of word form.
'upos', # Universal PoS tag.
'xpos', # Language-specific part-of-speech tag; underscore if not available.
'deprel', # UD dependency relation to the HEAD (root iff HEAD = 0).
'_misc', # Any other annotation as udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict object.
'_raw_deps', # Enhanced dependencies (head-deprel pairs) in their original CoNLLU format.
'_deps', # Deserialized enhanced dependencies in a list of {parent, deprel} dicts.
'_feats', # Morphological features as udapi.core.feats.Feats object.
'_parent', # Parent node.
'_children', # Ord-ordered list of child nodes.
'_root', # Technical root of the tree
'_mwt', # Multi-word token in which this word participates.
'_mentions', # List of udapi.core.coref.CorefMention objects whose span includes this node
]
def __init__(
self,
root,
form=None,
lemma=None,
upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None,
feats=None,
deprel=None,
misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self._root = root
self._ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(feats) if feats and feats != '_' else None
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(misc) if misc and misc != '_' else None
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
self._mentions = list()
def __str__(self):
"""String representation of the Node object: <n.address(), n.form>."""
return f"<{self.address()}, {self.form}>"
def __repr__(self):
"""String representation of the Node object: Node<n.address(), n.form>."""
return f"Node<{self.address()}, {self.form}>"
@property
def root(self):
return self._root
# ord is implemented as a property, so that it can be overriden in EmptyNode and Root
@property
def ord(self):
return self._ord
@ord.setter
def ord(self, new_ord):
self._ord = new_ord
def __lt__(self, other):
"""Calling `nodeA < nodeB` is equivalent to `nodeA.ord < nodeB.ord`.
Note that this does not work as expected for nodes from different trees
because `ord` is the word order within each sentence.
For comparing the word order across trees, use `nodeA.precedes(nodeB)` instead.
"""
return self._ord < other._ord
@property
def udeprel(self):
"""Return the universal part of dependency relation, e.g. `acl` instead of `acl:relcl`.
So you can write `node.udeprel` instead of `node.deprel.split(':')[0]`.
"""
return self.deprel.split(':')[0] if self.deprel is not None else None
@udeprel.setter
def udeprel(self, value):
sdeprel = self.sdeprel
if sdeprel is not None and sdeprel != '':
self.deprel = value + ':' + sdeprel
else:
self.deprel = value
@property
def sdeprel(self):
"""Return the language-specific part of dependency relation.
E.g. if deprel = `acl:relcl` then sdeprel = `relcl`.
If deprel=`acl` then sdeprel = empty string.
If deprel is `None` then `node.sdeprel` will return `None` as well.
"""
if self.deprel is None:
return None
parts = self.deprel.split(':', 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
return parts[1]
return ''
@property
def feats(self):
"""Property for morphological features stored as a `Feats` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.feats` as a dict, e.g. `if node.feats['Case'] == 'Nom'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.feats['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole FEATS (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.feats == 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.feats['Case'] = 'Nom'`
`node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
`node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`
`node.feats = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation and other methods (e.g. `node.feats.is_plural()`),
see ``udapi.core.feats.Feats`` which is a subclass of `DualDict`.
"""
if self._feats is None:
self._feats = Feats()
return self._feats
@feats.setter
def feats(self, value):
if self._feats is None:
self._feats = Feats(value)
else:
self._feats.set_mapping(value)
@property
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.misc` as a dict, e.g. `if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] == 'No'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.misc['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole MISC (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.misc == 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.misc['SpaceAfter'] = 'No'`
`node.misc = {'SpaceAfter': 'No', 'X': 'Y'}`
`node.misc = 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`
`node.misc = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation, see ``udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict``.
"""
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict()
return self._misc
@misc.setter
def misc(self, value):
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict(value)
else:
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
@property
def raw_deps(self):
"""String serialization of enhanced dependencies as stored in CoNLL-U files.
After the access to the raw enhanced dependencies,
provide the serialization if they were deserialized already.
"""
# TODO: node.deps.append(dep) should be hooked and
# mark the serialized cache dirty, i.e. self._raw_deps = None.
# Afterwards, we can use the following optimization
#if self._raw_deps is not None:
# return self._raw_deps
if self._deps:
self._raw_deps = '|'.join(f"{dep['parent']._ord}:{dep['deprel']}"
for dep in self._deps)
return self._raw_deps
@raw_deps.setter
def raw_deps(self, value):
"""Set serialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a string).
When updating raw secondary dependencies,
the current version of the deserialized data is deleted.
"""
self._raw_deps = value
self._deps = None
@property
def deps(self):
"""Return enhanced dependencies as a Python list of dicts.
After the first access to the enhanced dependencies,
provide the deserialization of the raw data and save deps to the list.
"""
if self._deps is None:
# Create a list of secondary dependencies.
self._deps = list()
if self._raw_deps == '_':
return self._deps
# Obtain a list of all nodes in the dependency tree.
nodes = [self._root] + self._root._descendants
for raw_dependency in self._raw_deps.split('|'):
# Deprel itself may contain one or more ':' (subtypes).
head, deprel = raw_dependency.split(':', maxsplit=1)
# Empty nodes have to be located differently than normal nodes.
if '.' in head:
try:
parent = next(x for x in self._root.empty_nodes
if str(x._ord) == head)
except StopIteration:
raise ValueError(
f'Empty node with ord={head} not found')
else:
parent = nodes[int(head)]
self._deps.append({'parent': parent, 'deprel': deprel})
return self._deps
@deps.setter
def deps(self, value):
"""Set deserialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a list of dicts)."""
self._deps = value
self._raw_deps = None
@property
def parent(self):
"""Return dependency parent (head) node."""
return self._parent
@parent.setter
def parent(self, new_parent):
"""Set a new dependency parent node.
Check if the parent assignment is valid (no cycles) and assign
a new parent (dependency head) for the current node.
If the node had a parent, it is detached first
(from the list of original parent's children).
"""
# If the parent is already assigned, return.
if self._parent is new_parent:
return
# Check for None new_parent and cycles.
if new_parent is None:
raise ValueError(f'Cannot set None as parent: {self}')
if self is new_parent:
raise CycleError(
'Cannot set a node as its own parent (cycle are forbidden): %s',
self)
if self._children and new_parent.is_descendant_of(self):
raise CycleError(
'Setting the parent of %s to %s would lead to a cycle.', self,
new_parent)
# Remove the current Node from the children of the old parent.
# Forbid moving nodes from one tree to another using parent setter.
if self._parent:
self._parent._children.remove(self)
if self._parent._root is not new_parent._root:
raise ValueError(
'Cannot move nodes between trees with parent setter, '
'use new_root.steal_nodes(nodes_to_be_moved) instead')
# Set the new parent.
self._parent = new_parent
# Append the current node to the new parent children.
if not new_parent._children or self > new_parent._children[-1]:
new_parent._children.append(self)
else:
new_parent._children.append(self)
new_parent._children.sort()
@property
def children(self):
"""Return a list of dependency children (direct dependants) nodes.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.children is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the children of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.children(), but just
node.children
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.children(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.children(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.children(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.children(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.children, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
return ListOfNodes(self._children, origin=self)
@property
def descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants of the current node.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.descendants is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the descendants of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.descendants(), but just
node.descendants
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.descendants(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.descendants(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.descendants, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
# The following code is equivalent to
# ListOfNodes(sorted(self.unordered_descendants()), origin=self)
# but it is faster because there is no extra copying of lists of nodes.
stack = list(self._children)
descendants = ListOfNodes(stack, origin=self)
while (stack):
n = stack.pop()
if n._children:
stack.extend(n._children)
descendants.extend(n._children)
descendants.sort()
return descendants
def is_descendant_of(self, node):
"""Is the current node a descendant of the node given as argument?"""
if node and node._children:
climber = self._parent
while climber:
if climber is node:
return True
climber = climber._parent
return False
def create_child(self, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new child of the current node."""
new_node = Node(root=self._root, **kwargs)
new_node._ord = len(self._root._descendants) + 1
self._root._descendants.append(new_node)
self._children.append(new_node)
new_node._parent = self
return new_node
def create_empty_child(self, deprel, after=True, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new empty node child of the current node.
Args:
deprel: the enhanced dependency relation (required to be stored in DEPS)
form, lemma, upos, xpos, feats, misc: as in Node, the default is '_'
after: position the newly created empty node after this `node`?
If True (default), the `new_node.ord` will be `node.ord + 0.1`,
unless there is already an empty node with such ord,
in which case it will be `node.ord + 0.2` etc.
If False, the new node will be placed immediately before `node`.
"""
new_node = EmptyNode(root=self._root, **kwargs)
new_node.deps = [{'parent': self, 'deprel': deprel}]
# self.enh_children.append(new_node) TODO
# new_node.enh_parents.append(self) TODO
base_ord = self._ord if after else self._ord - 1
new_ord = base_ord + 0.1
for empty in self._root.empty_nodes:
if empty._ord > new_ord:
break
if empty._ord == new_ord:
if isinstance(new_ord, OrdTuple):
new_ord.increase()
elif new_ord == base_ord + 0.9:
new_ord = OrdTuple(base_ord, 10)
else:
new_ord = round(new_ord + 0.1, 1)
new_node._ord = new_ord
if not self._root.empty_nodes or new_node > self._root.empty_nodes[-1]:
self._root.empty_nodes.append(new_node)
else:
self._root.empty_nodes.append(new_node)
self._root.empty_nodes.sort()
return new_node
# TODO: make private: _unordered_descendants
def unordered_descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants in any order."""
stack = list(self._children)
descendants = list(stack)
while (stack):
n = stack.pop()
if n._children:
stack.extend(n._children)
descendants.extend(n._children)
return descendants
@staticmethod
def is_root():
"""Is the current node a (technical) root?
Returns False for all Node instances, irrespectively of whether is has a parent or not.
True is returned only by instances of udapi.core.root.Root.
"""
return False
@staticmethod
def is_empty():
"""Is the current node an empty node?
Returns False for all Node instances.
True is returned only by instances of the EmptyNode subclass.
"""
return False
def remove(self, children=None):
"""Delete this node and all its descendants.
Args:
children: a string specifying what to do if the node has any children.
The default (None) is to delete them (and all their descendants).
`rehang` means to re-attach those children to the parent of the removed node.
`warn` means to issue a warning if any children are present and delete them.
`rehang_warn` means to rehang and warn:-).
"""
self._parent._children.remove(self)
if children is not None and self._children:
if children.startswith('rehang'):
for child in self._children:
child._parent = self._parent
self._parent._children.extend(self._children)
self._parent._children.sort()
self._children.clear()
if children.endswith('warn'):
logging.warning(
'%s is being removed by remove(children=%s), '
' but it has (unexpected) children', self, children)
# When self is the only node being removed, it is faster to root._descendants.remove(self)
# and update the ords only where necessary (from self._ord further).
# When removing also its children+descendants, it is faster to recompute root._descendants
# and update all ords (computing leftmost descendant of self would be too slow).
if not self._children:
try:
self._root._descendants.remove(self)
except ValueError:
pass # self may be an already deleted node e.g. if n.remove() called twice
for (new_ord,
node) in enumerate(self._root._descendants[self._ord - 1:],
self._ord):
node.ord = new_ord
else:
# TODO nodes_to_remove = self.unordered_descendants()
# and mark all nodes as deleted, remove them from MWT and coref mentions
self._root._descendants = sorted(
self._root.unordered_descendants())
for (new_ord, node) in enumerate(self._root._descendants, 1):
node.ord = new_ord
def _shift_before_ord(self, reference_ord, without_children=False):
"""Internal method for changing word order."""
all_nodes = self._root._descendants
# Moving a single node can be faster than nodes_to_move = [self]
if without_children or not self._children:
my_ord = self._ord
if reference_ord > my_ord + 1:
for i_ord in range(my_ord, reference_ord - 1):
all_nodes[i_ord - 1] = all_nodes[i_ord]
all_nodes[i_ord - 1]._ord = i_ord
all_nodes[reference_ord - 2] = self
self._ord = reference_ord - 1
elif reference_ord < my_ord:
for i_ord in range(my_ord, reference_ord, -1):
all_nodes[i_ord - 1] = all_nodes[i_ord - 2]
all_nodes[i_ord - 1]._ord = i_ord
all_nodes[reference_ord - 1] = self
self._ord = reference_ord
return
nodes_to_move = self.descendants(add_self=True)
first_ord, last_ord = nodes_to_move[0]._ord, nodes_to_move[-1]._ord
# If there are no "gaps" in nodes_to_move (e.g. when it is projective),
# we can make the shifting a bit faster and simpler.
if last_ord - first_ord + 1 == len(nodes_to_move):
# First, move a node from position src_ord to position trg_ord RIGHT-ward.
trg_ord, src_ord = last_ord, first_ord - 1
while src_ord >= reference_ord:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1] = all_nodes[src_ord - 1]
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1]._ord = trg_ord
trg_ord, src_ord = trg_ord - 1, src_ord - 1
# Second, move a node from position src_ord to position trg_ord LEFT-ward.
trg_ord, src_ord = first_ord, last_ord + 1
while src_ord < reference_ord:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1] = all_nodes[src_ord - 1]
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1]._ord = trg_ord
trg_ord, src_ord = trg_ord + 1, src_ord + 1
# Third, move nodes_to_move to trg_ord RIGHT-ward.
trg_ord = reference_ord if reference_ord < first_ord else trg_ord
for node in nodes_to_move:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1], node._ord = node, trg_ord
trg_ord += 1
return
# First, move a node from position src_ord to position trg_ord RIGHT-ward.
# src_ord iterates decreasingly over nodes which are not moving.
trg_ord, src_ord, mov_ord = last_ord, last_ord - 1, len(
nodes_to_move) - 2
while src_ord >= reference_ord:
while all_nodes[src_ord - 1] is nodes_to_move[mov_ord]:
mov_ord, src_ord = mov_ord - 1, src_ord - 1
if src_ord < reference_ord:
break
else:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1] = all_nodes[src_ord - 1]
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1]._ord = trg_ord
trg_ord, src_ord = trg_ord - 1, src_ord - 1
# Second, move a node from position src_ord to position trg_ord LEFT-ward.
# src_ord iterates increasingly over nodes which are not moving.
trg_ord, src_ord, mov_ord = first_ord, first_ord + 1, 1
while src_ord < reference_ord:
while mov_ord < len(nodes_to_move) and all_nodes[
src_ord - 1] is nodes_to_move[mov_ord]:
mov_ord, src_ord = mov_ord + 1, src_ord + 1
if src_ord >= reference_ord:
break
else:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1] = all_nodes[src_ord - 1]
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1]._ord = trg_ord
trg_ord, src_ord = trg_ord + 1, src_ord + 1
# Third, move nodes_to_move to trg_ord RIGHT-ward.
trg_ord = reference_ord if reference_ord < first_ord else trg_ord
for node in nodes_to_move:
all_nodes[trg_ord - 1], node._ord = node, trg_ord
trg_ord += 1
def shift_after_node(self,
reference_node,
without_children=False,
skip_if_descendant=False):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
if not without_children and reference_node.is_descendant_of(self):
if skip_if_descendant:
return
raise ValueError(
f'{reference_node} is a descendant of {self}. Consider without_children=1.'
)
self._shift_before_ord(reference_node._ord + 1,
without_children=without_children)
def shift_before_node(self,
reference_node,
without_children=False,
skip_if_descendant=False):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
if not without_children and reference_node.is_descendant_of(self):
if skip_if_descendant:
return
raise ValueError(
f'{reference_node} is a descendant of {self}. Consider without_children=1.'
)
self._shift_before_ord(reference_node._ord,
without_children=without_children)
def shift_after_subtree(self,
reference_node,
without_children=False,
skip_if_descendant=False):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) after the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
if not without_children and reference_node.is_descendant_of(self):
if skip_if_descendant:
return
raise ValueError(
f'{reference_node} is a descendant of {self}. Consider without_children=1.'
)
ref_ord = reference_node._ord
for node in reference_node.unordered_descendants():
if node._ord > ref_ord and node is not self:
ref_ord = node._ord
self._shift_before_ord(ref_ord + 1, without_children=without_children)
def shift_before_subtree(self,
reference_node,
without_children=0,
skip_if_descendant=False):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) before the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
if not without_children and reference_node.is_descendant_of(self):
if skip_if_descendant:
return
raise ValueError(
f'{reference_node} is a descendant of {self}. Consider without_children=1.'
)
ref_ord = reference_node._ord
for node in reference_node.unordered_descendants():
if node._ord < ref_ord and node is not self:
ref_ord = node._ord
self._shift_before_ord(ref_ord, without_children=without_children)
@property
def prev_node(self):
"""Return the previous node according to word order."""
new_ord = self._ord - 1
if new_ord < 0:
return None
if new_ord == 0:
return self._root
return self._root._descendants[new_ord - 1]
@property
def next_node(self):
"""Return the following node according to word order."""
# Note that all_nodes[n].ord == n+1
try:
return self._root._descendants[self._ord]
except IndexError:
return None
def precedes(self, node):
"""Does this node precedes another `node` in word order?
This method handles correctly also nodes from different trees (but the same zone).
If you have nodes from the same tree, it is faster and more elegant to use just `nodeA < nodeB`,
which is equivalent to calling `nodeA.ord < nodeB.ord`.
For sorting nodes from the same tree, you can use `nodes.sort()` or `sorted(nodes)`.
"""
if self._root is node._root:
return self._ord < node._ord
if self._root._zone != node._root._zone:
raise ValueError(
f"Cannot compare word order across zones: {self} {node}")
return self._root._bundle.number < node._root._bundle.number
def is_leaf(self):
"""Is this node a leaf, ie. a node without any children?"""
return not self._children
def _get_attr(self, name): # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
if name == 'dir':
if self._parent.is_root():
return 'root'
return 'left' if self.precedes(self._parent) else 'right'
if name == 'edge':
if self._parent.is_root():
return 0
return self._ord - self._parent._ord
if name == 'children':
return len(self._children)
if name == 'siblings':
return len(self._parent._children) - 1
if name == 'depth':
value = 0
tmp = self
while not tmp.is_root():
tmp = tmp._parent
value += 1
return value
if name == 'feats_split':
return str(self.feats).split('|')
if name == 'misc_split':
return str(self.misc).split('|')
if name.startswith('feats['):
return self.feats[name[6:-1]]
if name.startswith('misc['):
return self.misc[name[5:-1]]
return getattr(self, name)
def get_attrs(self, attrs, undefs=None, stringify=True):
"""Return multiple attributes or pseudo-attributes, possibly substituting empty ones.
Pseudo-attributes:
p_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the parent node.
c_xy is a list of the (pseudo) attributes xy of the children nodes.
l_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the previous (left in LTR langs) node.
r_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the following (right in LTR langs) node.
dir: 'left' = the node is a left child of its parent,
'right' = the node is a rigth child of its parent,
'root' = the node's parent is the technical root.
edge: length of the edge to parent (`node.ord - node.parent.ord`) or 0 if parent is root
children: number of children nodes.
siblings: number of siblings nodes.
depth: depth in the dependency tree (technical root has depth=0, highest word has depth=1).
feats_split: list of name=value formatted strings of the FEATS.
Args:
attrs: A list of attribute names, e.g. ``['form', 'lemma', 'p_upos']``.
undefs: A value to be used instead of None for empty (undefined) values.
stringify: Apply `str()` on each value (except for None)
"""
values = []
for name in attrs:
nodes = [self]
if name.startswith('p_'):
nodes, name = [self._parent], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('c_'):
nodes, name = self.children, name[2:]
elif name.startswith('l_'):
nodes, name = [self.prev_node], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('r_'):
nodes, name = [self.next_node], name[2:]
for node in (n for n in nodes if n is not None):
if name in {'feats_split', 'misc_split'}:
values.extend(node._get_attr(name))
else:
values.append(node._get_attr(name))
if undefs is not None:
values = [x if x is not None else undefs for x in values]
if stringify:
values = [str(x) if x is not None else None for x in values]
return values
def compute_text(self, use_mwt=True):
"""Return a string representing this subtree's text (detokenized).
Compute the string by concatenating forms of nodes
(words and multi-word tokens) and joining them with a single space,
unless the node has SpaceAfter=No in its misc.
If called on root this method returns a string suitable for storing
in root.text (but it is not stored there automatically).
Technical details:
If called on root, the root's form (<ROOT>) is not included in the string.
If called on non-root nodeA, nodeA's form is included in the string,
i.e. internally descendants(add_self=True) is used.
Note that if the subtree is non-projective, the resulting string may be misleading.
Args:
use_mwt: consider multi-word tokens? (default=True)
"""
string = ''
last_mwt_id = 0
for node in self.descendants(add_self=not self.is_root()):
mwt = node.multiword_token
if use_mwt and mwt:
if node._ord > last_mwt_id:
last_mwt_id = mwt.words[-1]._ord
string += mwt.form
if mwt.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
else:
string += node.form
if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
return string.rstrip()
def print_subtree(self, **kwargs):
"""deprecated name for draw()"""
logging.warning(
"node.print_subtree() is deprecated, use node.draw() instead.")
TextModeTrees(**kwargs).process_tree(self)
def draw(self, **kwargs):
"""Print ASCII visualization of the dependency structure of this subtree.
This method is useful for debugging.
Internally udapi.block.write.textmodetrees.TextModeTrees is used for the printing.
All keyword arguments of this method are passed to its constructor,
so you can use e.g.:
files: to redirect sys.stdout to a file
indent: to have wider trees
attributes: to override the default list 'form,upos,deprel'
See TextModeTrees for details and other parameters.
"""
TextModeTrees(**kwargs).process_tree(self)
def address(self):
"""Return full (document-wide) id of the node.
For non-root nodes, the general address format is:
node.bundle.bundle_id + '/' + node.root.zone + '#' + node.ord,
e.g. s123/en_udpipe#4. If zone is empty, the slash is excluded as well,
e.g. s123#4.
"""
return f"{self._root.address() if self._root else '?'}#{self._ord}"
@property
def multiword_token(self):
"""Return the multi-word token which includes this node, or None.
If this node represents a (syntactic) word which is part of a multi-word token,
this method returns the instance of udapi.core.mwt.MWT.
If this nodes is not part of any multi-word token, this method returns None.
"""
return self._mwt
def is_nonprojective(self):
"""Is the node attached to its parent non-projectively?
Is there at least one node between (word-order-wise) this node and its parent
that is not dominated by the parent?
For higher speed, the actual implementation does not find the node(s)
which cause(s) the gap. It only checks the number of parent's descendants in the span
and the total number of nodes in the span.
"""
# Root and its children are always projective
parent = self._parent
if not parent or parent.is_root():
return False
# Edges between neighboring nodes are always projective.
# Check it now to make it a bit faster.
ord1, ord2 = self._ord, parent._ord
if ord1 > ord2:
ord1, ord2 = ord2, ord1
distance = ord2 - ord1
if distance == 1:
return False
# Get all the descendants of parent that are in the span of the edge.
span = [
n for n in parent.unordered_descendants()
if n._ord > ord1 and n._ord < ord2
]
# For projective edges, span must include all the nodes between parent and self.
return len(span) != distance - 1
def is_nonprojective_gap(self):
"""Is the node causing a non-projective gap within another node's subtree?
Is there at least one node X such that
- this node is not a descendant of X, but
- this node is within span of X, i.e. it is between (word-order-wise)
X's leftmost descendant (or X itself) and X's rightmost descendant (or X itself).
"""
ancestors = set([self])
node = self
while node._parent:
node = node._parent
ancestors.add(node)
all_nodes = node._descendants
for left_node in all_nodes[:self._ord - 1]:
if self.precedes(
left_node._parent) and left_node._parent not in ancestors:
return True
for right_node in all_nodes[self._ord:]:
if right_node._parent.precedes(
self) and right_node._parent not in ancestors:
return True
return False
@property
def no_space_after(self):
"""Boolean property as a shortcut for `node.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"`."""
return self.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"
@property
def gloss(self):
"""String property as a shortcut for `node.misc["Gloss"]`."""
return self.misc["Gloss"]
@gloss.setter
def gloss(self, new_gloss):
self.misc["Gloss"] = new_gloss
@property
def coref_mentions(self):
self._root.bundle.document._load_coref()
return self._mentions
@property
def coref_clusters(self):
self._root.bundle.document._load_coref()
return [m.cluster for m in self._mentions if m.cluster is not None]
def create_coref_cluster(self, **kwargs):
return udapi.core.coref.create_coref_cluster(head=self, **kwargs)
def misc(self, value):
if self._misc is None:
self._misc = DualDict(value)
else:
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
class Node(object):
"""Class for representing nodes in Universal Dependency trees.
Attributes `form`, `lemma`, `upos`, `xpos` and `deprel` are public attributes of type `str`,
so you can use e.g. `node.lemma = node.form`.
`node.ord` is a int type public attribute for storing the node's word order index,
but assigning to it should be done with care, so the non-root nodes have `ord`s 1,2,3...
It is recommended to use one of the `node.shift_*` methods for reordering nodes.
For changing dependency structure (topology) of the tree, there is the `parent` property,
e.g. `node.parent = node.parent.parent` and `node.create_child()` method.
Properties `node.children` and `node.descendants` return object of type `ListOfNodes`,
so it is possible to do e.g.
>>> all_children = node.children
>>> left_children = node.children(preceding_only=True)
>>> right_descendants = node.descendants(following_only=True, add_self=True)
Properties `node.feats` and `node.misc` return objects of type `DualDict`, so one can do e.g.:
>>> node = Node()
>>> str(node.feats)
'_'
>>> node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
>>> node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1' # equivalent to the above
>>> node.feats['Case']
'Nom'
>>> node.feats['NonExistent']
''
>>> node.feats['Case'] = 'Gen'
>>> str(node.feats)
'Case=Gen|Person=1'
>>> dict(node.feats)
{'Case': 'Gen', 'Person': '1'}
Handling of enhanced dependencies, multi-word tokens and other node's methods
are described below.
"""
# TODO: Benchmark memory and speed of slots vs. classic dict.
# With Python 3.5 split dict, slots may not be better.
# TODO: Should not we include __weakref__ in slots?
__slots__ = [
'ord', # Word-order index of the node (root has 0).
'form', # Word form or punctuation symbol.
'lemma', # Lemma of word form.
'upos', # Universal PoS tag.
'xpos', # Language-specific part-of-speech tag; underscore if not available.
'deprel', # UD dependency relation to the HEAD (root iff HEAD = 0).
'_misc', # Any other annotation as udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict object.
'_raw_deps', # Enhanced dependencies (head-deprel pairs) in their original CoNLLU format.
'_deps', # Deserialized enhanced dependencies in a list of {parent, deprel} dicts.
'_feats', # Morphological features as udapi.core.feats.Feats object.
'_parent', # Parent node.
'_children', # Ord-ordered list of child nodes.
'_mwt', # Multi-word token in which this word participates.
]
def __init__(self, form=None, lemma=None, upos=None, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
xpos=None, feats=None, deprel=None, misc=None):
"""Create a new node and initialize its attributes using the keyword arguments."""
self.ord = None
self.form = form
self.lemma = lemma
self.upos = upos
self.xpos = xpos
self._feats = Feats(feats)
self.deprel = deprel
self._misc = DualDict(misc)
self._raw_deps = '_'
self._deps = None
self._parent = None
self._children = list()
self._mwt = None
def __str__(self):
"""Pretty print of the Node object."""
return "node<%s, %s>" % (self.address(), self.form)
@property
def udeprel(self):
"""Return the universal part of dependency relation, e.g. `acl` instead of `acl:relcl`.
So you can write `node.udeprel` instead of `node.deprel.split(':')[0]`.
"""
return self.deprel.split(':')[0] if self.deprel is not None else None
@udeprel.setter
def udeprel(self, value):
sdeprel = self.sdeprel
if sdeprel is not None and sdeprel != '':
self.deprel = value + ':' + sdeprel
else:
self.deprel = value
@property
def sdeprel(self):
"""Return the language-specific part of dependency relation.
E.g. if deprel = `acl:relcl` then sdeprel = `relcl`.
If deprel=`acl` then sdeprel = empty string.
If deprel is `None` then `node.sdeprel` will return `None` as well.
"""
if self.deprel is None:
return None
parts = self.deprel.split(':', 1)
if len(parts) == 2:
return parts[1]
return ''
@property
def feats(self):
"""Property for morphological features stored as a `Feats` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.feats` as a dict, e.g. `if node.feats['Case'] == 'Nom'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.feats['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole FEATS (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.feats == 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.feats['Case'] = 'Nom'`
`node.feats = {'Case': 'Nom', 'Person': '1'}`
`node.feats = 'Case=Nom|Person=1'`
`node.feats = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation and other methods (e.g. `node.feats.is_plural()`),
see ``udapi.core.feats.Feats`` which is a subclass of `DualDict`.
"""
return self._feats
@feats.setter
def feats(self, value):
self._feats.set_mapping(value)
@property
def misc(self):
"""Property for MISC attributes stored as a `DualDict` object.
Reading:
You can access `node.misc` as a dict, e.g. `if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] == 'No'`.
Features which are not set return an empty string (not None, not KeyError),
so you can safely use e.g. `if node.misc['MyExtra'].find('substring') != -1`.
You can also obtain the string representation of the whole MISC (suitable for CoNLL-U),
e.g. `if node.misc == 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`.
Writing:
All the following assignment types are supported:
`node.misc['SpaceAfter'] = 'No'`
`node.misc = {'SpaceAfter': 'No', 'X': 'Y'}`
`node.misc = 'SpaceAfter=No|X=Y'`
`node.misc = '_'`
The last line has the same result as assigning None or empty string to `node.feats`.
For details about the implementation, see ``udapi.core.dualdict.DualDict``.
"""
return self._misc
@misc.setter
def misc(self, value):
self._misc.set_mapping(value)
@property
def raw_deps(self):
"""String serialization of enhanced dependencies as stored in CoNLL-U files.
After the access to the raw enhanced dependencies,
provide the serialization if they were deserialized already.
"""
if self._deps is not None:
serialized_deps = []
for secondary_dependence in self._deps:
serialized_deps.append('%d:%s' % (secondary_dependence[
'parent'].ord, secondary_dependence['deprel']))
self._raw_deps = '|'.join(serialized_deps)
return self._raw_deps
@raw_deps.setter
def raw_deps(self, value):
"""Set serialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a string).
When updating raw secondary dependencies,
delete the current version of the deserialized data.
"""
self._raw_deps = str(value)
self._deps = None
@property
def deps(self):
"""Return enhanced dependencies as a Python list of dicts.
After the first access to the enhanced dependencies,
provide the deserialization of the raw data and save deps to the list.
"""
if self._deps is None:
# Obtain a list of all nodes in the dependency tree.
nodes = [self.root] + self.root.descendants()
# Create a list of secondary dependencies.
self._deps = list()
if self._raw_deps == '_':
return self._deps
for raw_dependency in self._raw_deps.split('|'):
head, deprel = raw_dependency.split(':')
parent = nodes[int(head)]
self._deps.append({'parent': parent, 'deprel': deprel})
return self._deps
@deps.setter
def deps(self, value):
"""Set deserialized enhanced dependencies (the new value is a list of dicts)."""
self._deps = value
@property
def parent(self):
"""Return dependency parent (head) node."""
return self._parent
@parent.setter
def parent(self, new_parent):
"""Set a new dependency parent node.
Check if the parent assignment is valid (no cycles) and assign
a new parent (dependency head) for the current node.
If the node had a parent, it is detached first
(from the list of original parent's children).
"""
# If the parent is already assigned, return.
if self.parent == new_parent:
return
# The node itself couldn't be assigned as a parent.
if self == new_parent:
raise ValueError('Cannot set a node as its own parent (cycle are forbidden): %s' % self)
# Check if the current Node is not an antecedent of the new parent.
climbing_node = new_parent
while not climbing_node.is_root():
if climbing_node == self:
raise ValueError('Setting the parent of %s to %s would lead to a cycle.'
% (self, new_parent))
climbing_node = climbing_node.parent
# Remove the current Node from the children of the old parent.
# Forbid moving nodes from one tree to another using parent setter.
if self._parent:
self._parent._children = [node for node in self.parent.children if node != self]
# TODO: .root is currently computed, so it is quite slow
old_root, new_root = self._parent.root, climbing_node
if old_root != new_root:
raise ValueError('Cannot move nodes between trees with parent setter, '
'use new_root.steal_nodes(nodes_to_be_moved) instead')
# Set the new parent.
self._parent = new_parent
# Append the current node to the new parent children.
new_parent._children = sorted(new_parent.children + [self], key=lambda child: child.ord)
@property
def children(self):
"""Return a list of dependency children (direct dependants) nodes.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.children is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the children of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.children(), but just
node.children
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.children(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.children(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.children(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.children(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.children, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.children if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
return ListOfNodes(self._children, origin=self)
@property
def root(self):
"""Return the (technical) root node of the whole tree."""
node = self
while node.parent:
node = node.parent
return node
@property
def descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants of the current node.
The returned nodes are sorted by their ord.
Note that node.descendants is a property, not a method,
so if you want all the descendants of a node (excluding the node itself),
you should not use node.descendants(), but just
node.descendants
However, the returned result is a callable list, so you can use
nodes1 = node.descendants(add_self=True)
nodes2 = node.descendants(following_only=True)
nodes3 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True)
nodes4 = node.descendants(preceding_only=True, add_self=True)
as a shortcut for
nodes1 = sorted([node] + node.descendants, key=lambda n: n.ord)
nodes2 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord > node.ord]
nodes3 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord]
nodes4 = [n for n in node.descendants if n.ord < node.ord] + [node]
See documentation of ListOfNodes for details.
"""
return ListOfNodes(sorted(self.unordered_descendants(), key=lambda n: n.ord), origin=self)
def is_descendant_of(self, node):
"""Is the current node a descendant of the node given as argument?"""
climber = self.parent
while climber:
if climber == node:
return True
climber = climber.parent
return False
def create_child(self, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new child of the current node."""
new_node = Node(**kwargs)
new_node.ord = len(self.root._descendants) + 1
self.root._descendants.append(new_node)
self.children.append(new_node)
new_node.parent = self
return new_node
def create_empty_child(self, **kwargs):
"""Create and return a new empty node child of the current node."""
new_node = Node(**kwargs)
self.root.empty_nodes.append(new_node)
# self.enh_children.append(new_node) TODO
# new_node.enh_parents.append(self) TODO
return new_node
# TODO: make private: _unordered_descendants
def unordered_descendants(self):
"""Return a list of all descendants in any order."""
descendants = []
for child in self.children:
descendants.append(child)
descendants.extend(child.unordered_descendants())
return descendants
@staticmethod
def is_root():
"""Is the current node a (technical) root?
Returns False for all Node instances, irrespectively of whether is has a parent or not.
True is returned only by instances of udapi.core.root.Root.
"""
return False
def remove(self, children=None):
"""Delete this node and all its descendants.
Args:
children: a string specifying what to do if the node has any children.
The default (None) is to delete them (and all their descendants).
`rehang` means to re-attach those children to the parent of the removed node.
`warn` means to issue a warning if any children are present and delete them.
`rehang_warn` means to rehang and warn:-).
"""
self.parent._children = [child for child in self.parent.children if child != self]
if children is not None and self.children:
if children.startswith('rehang'):
for child in self.children:
child.parent = self.parent
if children.endswith('warn'):
logging.warning('%s is being removed by remove(children=%s), '
' but it has (unexpected) children', self, children)
self.root._update_ordering()
# TODO: make private: _shift
def shift(self, reference_node, after=0, move_subtree=0, reference_subtree=0):
"""Internal method for changing word order."""
nodes_to_move = [self]
if move_subtree:
nodes_to_move.extend(self.descendants())
reference_ord = reference_node.ord
if reference_subtree:
for node in [n for n in reference_node.descendants() if n != self]:
if (after and node.ord > reference_ord) or (not after and node.ord < reference_ord):
reference_ord = node.ord
common_delta = 0.5 if after else -0.5
# TODO: can we use some sort of epsilon instead of choosing a silly
# upper bound for out-degree?
for node_to_move in nodes_to_move:
node_to_move.ord = reference_ord + common_delta + \
(node_to_move.ord - self.ord) / 100000.
self.root._update_ordering()
# TODO add without_children kwarg
def shift_after_node(self, reference_node):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
self.shift(reference_node, after=1, move_subtree=1, reference_subtree=0)
def shift_before_node(self, reference_node):
"""Shift this node after the reference_node."""
self.shift(reference_node, after=0, move_subtree=1, reference_subtree=0)
def shift_after_subtree(self, reference_node, without_children=0):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) after the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
self.shift(reference_node, after=1, move_subtree=not without_children, reference_subtree=1)
def shift_before_subtree(self, reference_node, without_children=0):
"""Shift this node (and its subtree) before the subtree rooted by reference_node.
Args:
without_children: shift just this node without its subtree?
"""
self.shift(reference_node, after=0, move_subtree=not without_children, reference_subtree=1)
@property
def prev_node(self):
"""Return the previous node according to word order."""
new_ord = self.ord - 1
if new_ord < 0:
return None
if new_ord == 0:
return self.root
return self.root._descendants[new_ord - 1]
@property
def next_node(self):
"""Return the following node according to word order."""
# Note that all_nodes[n].ord == n+1
try:
return self.root._descendants[self.ord]
except IndexError:
return None
def precedes(self, node):
"""Does this node precedes another `node` in word order (`self.ord < node.ord`)?"""
return self.ord < node.ord
def is_leaf(self):
"""Is this node a leaf, ie. a node without any children?"""
return not self.children
def _get_attr(self, name): # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
if name == 'dir':
if self.parent.is_root():
return 'root'
return 'left' if self.precedes(self.parent) else 'right'
if name == 'edge':
if self.parent.is_root():
return 0
return self.ord - self.parent.ord
if name == 'children':
return len(self.children)
if name == 'siblings':
return len(self.parent.children) - 1
if name == 'depth':
value = 0
tmp = self
while not tmp.is_root():
tmp = tmp.parent
value += 1
return value
if name == 'feats_split':
return str(self.feats).split('|')
if name.startswith('feats['):
return self.feats[name[6:-1]]
if name.startswith('misc['):
return self.misc[name[5:-1]]
return getattr(self, name)
def get_attrs(self, attrs, undefs=None, stringify=True):
"""Return multiple attributes or pseudo-attributes, possibly substituting empty ones.
Pseudo-attributes:
p_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the parent node.
c_xy is a list of the (pseudo) attributes xy of the children nodes.
l_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the previous (left in LTR langs) node.
r_xy is the (pseudo) attribute xy of the following (right in LTR langs) node.
dir: 'left' = the node is a left child of its parent,
'right' = the node is a rigth child of its parent,
'root' = the node's parent is the technical root.
edge: length of the edge to parent (`node.ord - node.parent.ord`) or 0 if parent is root
children: number of children nodes.
siblings: number of siblings nodes.
depth: depth in the dependency tree (technical root has depth=0, highest word has depth=1).
feats_split: list of name=value formatted strings of the FEATS.
Args:
attrs: A list of attribute names, e.g. ``['form', 'lemma', 'p_upos']``.
undefs: A value to be used instead of None for empty (undefined) values.
stringify: Apply `str()` on each value (except for None)
"""
values = []
for name in attrs:
nodes = [self]
if name.startswith('p_'):
nodes, name = [self.parent], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('c_'):
nodes, name = self.children, name[2:]
elif name.startswith('l_'):
nodes, name = [self.prev_node], name[2:]
elif name.startswith('r_'):
nodes, name = [self.next_node], name[2:]
for node in (n for n in nodes if n is not None):
if name == 'feats_split':
values.extend(node._get_attr(name))
else:
values.append(node._get_attr(name))
if undefs is not None:
values = [x if x is not None else undefs for x in values]
if stringify:
values = [str(x) if x is not None else None for x in values]
return values
def compute_text(self, use_mwt=True):
"""Return a string representing this subtree's text (detokenized).
Compute the string by concatenating forms of nodes
(words and multi-word tokens) and joining them with a single space,
unless the node has SpaceAfter=No in its misc.
If called on root this method returns a string suitable for storing
in root.text (but it is not stored there automatically).
Technical details:
If called on root, the root's form (<ROOT>) is not included in the string.
If called on non-root nodeA, nodeA's form is included in the string,
i.e. internally descendants(add_self=True) is used.
Note that if the subtree is non-projective, the resulting string may be misleading.
Args:
use_mwt: consider multi-word tokens? (default=True)
"""
string = ''
last_mwt_id = 0
for node in self.descendants(add_self=not self.is_root()):
mwt = node.multiword_token
if use_mwt and mwt:
if node.ord > last_mwt_id:
last_mwt_id = mwt.words[-1].ord
string += mwt.form
if mwt.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
else:
string += node.form
if node.misc['SpaceAfter'] != 'No':
string += ' '
return string.rstrip()
def print_subtree(self, **kwargs):
"""Print ASCII visualization of the dependency structure of this subtree.
This method is useful for debugging.
Internally udapi.block.write.textmodetrees.TextModeTrees is used for the printing.
All keyword arguments of this method are passed to its constructor,
so you can use e.g.:
files: to redirect sys.stdout to a file
indent: to have wider trees
attributes: to override the default list 'form,upos,deprel'
See TextModeTrees for details and other parameters.
"""
TextModeTrees(**kwargs).process_tree(self)
def address(self):
"""Return full (document-wide) id of the node.
For non-root nodes, the general address format is:
node.bundle.bundle_id + '/' + node.root.zone + '#' + node.ord,
e.g. s123/en_udpipe#4. If zone is empty, the slash is excluded as well,
e.g. s123#4.
"""
return '%s#%d' % (self.root.address() if self.root else '?', self.ord)
@property
def multiword_token(self):
"""Return the multi-word token which includes this node, or None.
If this node represents a (syntactic) word which is part of a multi-word token,
this method returns the instance of udapi.core.mwt.MWT.
If this nodes is not part of any multi-word token, this method returns None.
"""
return self._mwt
def is_nonprojective(self):
"""Is the node attached to its parent non-projectively?
Is there at least one node between (word-order-wise) this node and its parent
that is not dominated by the parent?
For higher speed, the actual implementation does not find the node(s)
which cause(s) the gap. It only checks the number of parent's descendants in the span
and the total number of nodes in the span.
"""
# Root and its children are always projective
parent = self.parent
if not parent or parent.is_root():
return False
# Edges between neighboring nodes are always projective.
# Check it now to make it a bit faster.
ord1, ord2 = self.ord, parent.ord
if ord1 > ord2:
ord1, ord2 = ord2, ord1
distance = ord2 - ord1
if distance == 1:
return False
# Get all the descendants of parent that are in the span of the edge.
span = [n for n in parent.descendants if n.ord > ord1 and n.ord < ord2]
# For projective edges, span must include all the nodes between parent and self.
return len(span) != distance - 1
def is_nonprojective_gap(self):
"""Is the node causing a non-projective gap within another node's subtree?
Is there at least one node X such that
- this node is not a descendant of X, but
- this node is within span of X, i.e. it is between (word-order-wise)
X's leftmost descendant (or X itself) and X's rightmost descendant (or X itself).
"""
ancestors = set()
node = self
while node.parent:
ancestors.add(node)
node = node.parent
all_nodes = node.descendants
for left_node in all_nodes[:self.ord - 1]:
if self.precedes(left_node.parent) and left_node.parent not in ancestors:
return True
for right_node in all_nodes[self.ord:]:
if right_node.parent.precedes(self) and right_node.parent not in ancestors:
return True
return False
@property
def no_space_after(self):
"""Boolean property as a shortcut for `node.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"`."""
return self.misc["SpaceAfter"] == "No"
@property
def gloss(self):
"""String property as a shortcut for `node.misc["Gloss"]`."""
return self.misc["Gloss"]
@gloss.setter
def gloss(self, new_gloss):
self.misc["Gloss"] = new_gloss