def main():
#Assign initial parameter
num_queens = int(input("Enter the number of queens : ") or "5")
population_size = int(input("Enter the population size : ") or "12")
pool_size = int(input("Enter the mating pool size : ") or "6")
mutation_rate = float(input("Enter the mutation rate : ") or "0.2")
num_generation = int(
input("Enter the total number of Generations : ") or "20")
#Generate & print initial population
population = intial_population(population_size, num_queens)
print('population')
print_population(population)
print_matrix(population, num_queens)
#Generate & print next population
for index in range(num_generation):
#genetic operations
mating_pool = selection(population, pool_size)
next_gen = assign_fitness(
crossover(mating_pool, num_queens, pool_size, population_size))
mutation_status = mutation(population, num_queens, population_size,
mutation_rate)
#Output to console
print("Generation number :", index + 1)
print('\nmating pool')
print_population(mating_pool)
print("Mutation status {}".format(mutation_status))
print('\nnext gen')
print_population(next_gen)
print_matrix(next_gen, num_queens)
#convergence check
if convergence(next_gen): break
population = next_gen
def nextGeneration(currentGen, eliteSize, mutationRate, distMatrix, popSize):
popRanked = rankRoutes(currentGen, distMatrix)
selectionResults = selection(popRanked, eliteSize)
matingpool = matingPool(currentGen, selectionResults[:popSize])
children = breedPopulation(matingpool, eliteSize)
nextGeneration = mutatePopulation(children, mutationRate, eliteSize)
return nextGeneration
def __init__(self,
f,
x0,
ranges=[],
fmt='f',
fitness=Fitness,
selection=RouletteWheel,
crossover=TwoPoint,
mutation=BitToBit,
elitist=True):
'''
Initializes the population and the algorithm.
On the initialization of the population, a lot of parameters can be set.
Those will deeply affect the results. The parameters are:
:Parameters:
f
A multivariable function to be evaluated. The nature of the
parameters in the objective function will depend of the way you want
the genetic algorithm to process. It can be a standard function that
receives a one-dimensional array of values and computes the value of
the function. In this case, the values will be passed as a tuple,
instead of an array. This is so that integer, floats and other types
of values can be passed and processed. In this case, the values will
depend of the format string (see below)
If you don't supply a format, your objective function will receive a
``Chromosome`` instance, and it is the responsability of the
function to decode the array of bits in any way. Notice that, while
it is more flexible, it is certainly more difficult to deal with.
Your function should process the bits and compute the return value
which, in any case, should be a scalar.
Please, note that genetic algorithms maximize functions, so project
your objective function accordingly. If you want to minimize a
function, return its negated value.
x0
A population of first estimates. This is a list, array or tuple of
one-dimension arrays, each one corresponding to an estimate of the
position of the minimum. The population size of the algorithm will
be the same as the number of estimates in this list. Each component
of the vectors in this list are one of the variables in the function
to be optimized.
ranges
Since messing with the bits can change substantially the values
obtained can diverge a lot from the maximum point. To avoid this,
you can specify a range for each of the variables. ``range``
defaults to ``[ ]``, this means that no range checkin will be done.
If given, then every variable will be checked. There are two ways to
specify the ranges.
It might be a tuple of two values, ``(x0, x1)``, where ``x0`` is the
start of the interval, and ``x1`` its end. Obviously, ``x0`` should
be smaller than ``x1``. If ``range`` is given in this way, then this
range will be used for every variable.
It can be specified as a list of tuples with the same format as
given above. In that case, the list must have one range for every
variable specified in the format and the ranges must appear in the
same order as there. That is, every variable must have a range
associated to it.
fmt
A ``struct``-format string. The ``struct`` module is a standard
Python module that packs and unpacks informations in bits. These
are used to inform the algorithm what types of data are to be used.
For example, if you are maximizing a function of three real
variables, the format should be something like ``"fff"``. Any type
supported by the ``struct`` module can be used. The GA will decode
the bit array according to this format and send it as is to your
fitness function -- your function *must* know what to do with them.
Alternatively, the format can be an integer. In that case, the GA
will not try to decode the bit sequence. Instead, the bits are
passed without modification to the objective function, which must
deal with them. Notice that, if this is used this way, the
``ranges`` property (see below) makes no sense, so it is set to
``None``. Also, no sanity checks will be performed.
It defaults to `"f"`, that is, a single floating point variable.
fitness
A fitness method to be applied over the objective function. This
parameter must be a ``Fitness`` instance or subclass. It will be
applied over the objective function to compute the fitness of every
individual in the population. Please, see the documentation on the
``Fitness`` class.
selection
This specifies the selection method. You can use one given in the
``selection`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``selection`` parameter must be an instance of
``Selection`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``selection`` module for more information. Defaults to
``RouletteWheel``. If made ``None``, then selection will not be
present in the GA.
crossover
This specifies the crossover method. You can use one given in the
``crossover`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``crossover`` parameter must be an instance of
``Crossover`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``crossover`` module for more information. Defaults to
``TwoPoint``. If made ``None``, then crossover will not be
present in the GA.
mutation
This specifies the mutation method. You can use one given in the
``mutation`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``mutation`` parameter must be an instance of ``Mutation``
or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the ``mutation``
module for more information. Defaults to ``BitToBit``. If made
``None``, then mutation will not be present in the GA.
elitist
Defines if the population is elitist or not. An elitist population
will never discard the fittest individual when a new generation is
computed. Defaults to ``True``.
'''
list.__init__(self, [])
self.__fx = []
for x in x0:
x = array(x).ravel()
c = Chromosome(fmt)
c.encode(tuple(x))
self.append(c)
self.__fx.append(f(x))
self.__f = f
self.__csize = self[0].size
self.elitist = elitist
'''If ``True``, then the population is elitist.'''
if type(fmt) == int:
self.ranges = None
elif ranges is None:
self.ranges = zip(amin(self, axis=0), amax(self, axis=1))
else:
ranges = list(ranges)
if len(ranges) == 1:
self.ranges = array(ranges * len(x0[0]))
else:
self.ranges = array(ranges)
'''Holds the ranges for every variable. Although it is a
writable property, care should be taken in changing parameters
before ending the convergence.'''
# Sanitizes the first estimate. It is not expected that the values
# received as first estimates are outside the ranges, but a check is
# made anyway. If any estimate is outside the bounds, a new random
# vector is choosen.
if self.ranges is not None: self.sanity()
# Verifies the validity of the fitness method
try:
issubclass(fitness, Fitness)
fitness = fitness()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(fitness, Fitness):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid fitness function'
else:
self.__fit = fitness
self.__fitness = self.__fit(self.__fx)
# Verifies the validity of the selection method
try:
issubclass(selection, Selection)
selection = selection()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(selection, Selection):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid selection method'
else:
self.__select = selection
# Verifies the validity of the crossover method
try:
issubclass(crossover, Crossover)
crossover = crossover()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(crossover, Crossover) and crossover is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid crossover method'
else:
self.__crossover = crossover
# Verifies the validity of the mutation method
try:
issubclass(mutation, Mutation)
mutation = mutation()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(mutation, Mutation) and mutation is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid mutation method'
else:
self.__mutate = mutation
def __init__(self, fitness, fmt, ranges=[ ], size=50,
selection=RouletteWheel, crossover=TwoPoint,
mutation=BitToBit, elitist=True):
'''
Initializes the population and the algorithm.
On the initialization of the population, a lot of parameters can be set.
Those will deeply affect the results. The parameters are:
:Parameters:
fitness
A fitness function to serve as an objective function. In general, a
GA is used for maximizing a function. This parameter can be a
standard Python function or a ``Fitness`` instance.
In the first case, the GA will convert the function in a
``Fitness`` instance and call it internally when needed. The
function should receive a tuple or vector of data according to the
given ``Chromosome`` format (see below) and return a numeric value.
In the second case, you can use any of the fitness methods of the
``fitness`` sub-module, or create your own. If you want to use your
own fitness method (for experimentation or simulation, for example),
it must be an instance of a ``Fitness`` or of a subclass, or an
exception will be raised. Please consult the documentation on the
``fitness`` sub-module.
fmt
A ``struct``-format string. The ``struct`` module is a standard
Python module that packs and unpacks informations in bits. These
are used to inform the algorithm what types of data are to be used.
For example, if you are maximizing a function of three real
variables, the format should be something like ``"fff"``. Any type
supported by the ``struct`` module can be used. The GA will decode
the bit array according to this format and send it as is to your
fitness function -- your function *must* know what to do with them.
Alternatively, the format can be an integer. In that case, the GA
will not try to decode the bit sequence. Instead, the bits are
passed without modification to the objective function, which must
deal with them. Notice that, if this is used this way, the
``ranges`` property (see below) makes no sense, so it is set to
``None``. Also, no sanity checks will be performed.
ranges
Since messing with the bits can change substantially the values
obtained can diverge a lot from the maximum point. To avoid this,
you can specify a range for each of the variables. ``range``
defaults to ``[ ]``, this means that no range checkin will be done.
If given, then every variable will be checked. There are two ways to
specify the ranges.
It might be a tuple of two values, ``(x0, x1)``, where ``x0`` is the
start of the interval, and ``x1`` its end. Obviously, ``x0`` should
be smaller than ``x1``. If ``range`` is given in this way, then this
range will be used for every variable.
If can be specified as a list of tuples with the same format as
given above. In that case, the list must have one range for every
variable specified in the format and the ranges must appear in the
same order as there. That is, every variable must have a range
associated to it.
size
This is the size of the population. It defaults to 50.
selection
This specifies the selection method. You can use one given in the
``selection`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``selection`` parameter must be an instance of
``Selection`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``selection`` module for more information. Defaults to
``RouletteWheel``. If made ``None``, then selection will not be
present in the GA.
crossover
This specifies the crossover method. You can use one given in the
``crossover`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``crossover`` parameter must be an instance of
``Crossover`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``crossover`` module for more information. Defaults to
``TwoPoint``. If made ``None``, then crossover will not be
present in the GA.
mutation
This specifies the mutation method. You can use one given in the
``mutation`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``mutation`` parameter must be an instance of ``Mutation``
or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the ``mutation``
module for more information. Defaults to ``BitToBit``. If made
``None``, then mutation will not be present in the GA.
elitist
Defines if the population is elitist or not. An elitist population
will never discard the fittest individual when a new generation is
computed. Defaults to ``True``.
'''
list.__init__(self, [ ])
for i in xrange(size):
self.append(Chromosome(fmt))
if self[0].format is None:
self.__nargs = 1
self.ranges = None
else:
self.__nargs = len(self[0].decode())
if not ranges:
self.ranges = None
elif len(ranges) == 1:
self.ranges = array(ranges * self.__nargs)
else:
self.ranges = array(ranges)
'''Holds the ranges for every variable. Although it is a writable
property, care should be taken in changing parameters before ending
the convergence.'''
self.__csize = self[0].size
self.elitist = elitist
'''If ``True``, then the population is elitist.'''
self.fitness = zeros((len(self),), dtype=float)
'''Vector containing the computed fitness value for every individual.'''
# Sanitizes the generated values randomly created for the chromosomes.
if self.ranges is not None: self.sanity()
# Verifies the validity of the fitness method
if isinstance(fitness, types.FunctionType):
fitness = Fitness(fitness)
if not isinstance(fitness, Fitness):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid fitness function'
else:
self.__fit = fitness
self.__fit(self)
# Verifies the validity of the selection method
try:
issubclass(selection, Selection)
selection = selection()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(selection, Selection):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid selection method'
else:
self.__select = selection
# Verifies the validity of the crossover method
try:
issubclass(crossover, Crossover)
crossover = crossover()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(crossover, Crossover) and crossover is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid crossover method'
else:
self.__crossover = crossover
# Verifies the validity of the mutation method
try:
issubclass(mutation, Mutation)
mutation = mutation()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(mutation, Mutation) and mutation is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid mutation method'
else:
self.__mutate = mutation
def __init__(self, f, x0, ranges=[ ], fmt='f', fitness=Fitness,
selection=RouletteWheel, crossover=TwoPoint,
mutation=BitToBit, elitist=True):
'''
Initializes the population and the algorithm.
On the initialization of the population, a lot of parameters can be set.
Those will deeply affect the results. The parameters are:
:Parameters:
f
A multivariable function to be evaluated. The nature of the
parameters in the objective function will depend of the way you want
the genetic algorithm to process. It can be a standard function that
receives a one-dimensional array of values and computes the value of
the function. In this case, the values will be passed as a tuple,
instead of an array. This is so that integer, floats and other types
of values can be passed and processed. In this case, the values will
depend of the format string (see below)
If you don't supply a format, your objective function will receive a
``Chromosome`` instance, and it is the responsability of the
function to decode the array of bits in any way. Notice that, while
it is more flexible, it is certainly more difficult to deal with.
Your function should process the bits and compute the return value
which, in any case, should be a scalar.
Please, note that genetic algorithms maximize functions, so project
your objective function accordingly. If you want to minimize a
function, return its negated value.
x0
A population of first estimates. This is a list, array or tuple of
one-dimension arrays, each one corresponding to an estimate of the
position of the minimum. The population size of the algorithm will
be the same as the number of estimates in this list. Each component
of the vectors in this list are one of the variables in the function
to be optimized.
ranges
Since messing with the bits can change substantially the values
obtained can diverge a lot from the maximum point. To avoid this,
you can specify a range for each of the variables. ``range``
defaults to ``[ ]``, this means that no range checkin will be done.
If given, then every variable will be checked. There are two ways to
specify the ranges.
It might be a tuple of two values, ``(x0, x1)``, where ``x0`` is the
start of the interval, and ``x1`` its end. Obviously, ``x0`` should
be smaller than ``x1``. If ``range`` is given in this way, then this
range will be used for every variable.
It can be specified as a list of tuples with the same format as
given above. In that case, the list must have one range for every
variable specified in the format and the ranges must appear in the
same order as there. That is, every variable must have a range
associated to it.
fmt
A ``struct``-format string. The ``struct`` module is a standard
Python module that packs and unpacks informations in bits. These
are used to inform the algorithm what types of data are to be used.
For example, if you are maximizing a function of three real
variables, the format should be something like ``"fff"``. Any type
supported by the ``struct`` module can be used. The GA will decode
the bit array according to this format and send it as is to your
fitness function -- your function *must* know what to do with them.
Alternatively, the format can be an integer. In that case, the GA
will not try to decode the bit sequence. Instead, the bits are
passed without modification to the objective function, which must
deal with them. Notice that, if this is used this way, the
``ranges`` property (see below) makes no sense, so it is set to
``None``. Also, no sanity checks will be performed.
It defaults to `"f"`, that is, a single floating point variable.
fitness
A fitness method to be applied over the objective function. This
parameter must be a ``Fitness`` instance or subclass. It will be
applied over the objective function to compute the fitness of every
individual in the population. Please, see the documentation on the
``Fitness`` class.
selection
This specifies the selection method. You can use one given in the
``selection`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``selection`` parameter must be an instance of
``Selection`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``selection`` module for more information. Defaults to
``RouletteWheel``. If made ``None``, then selection will not be
present in the GA.
crossover
This specifies the crossover method. You can use one given in the
``crossover`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``crossover`` parameter must be an instance of
``Crossover`` or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the
``crossover`` module for more information. Defaults to
``TwoPoint``. If made ``None``, then crossover will not be
present in the GA.
mutation
This specifies the mutation method. You can use one given in the
``mutation`` sub-module, or you can implement your own. In any
case, the ``mutation`` parameter must be an instance of ``Mutation``
or of a subclass. Please, see the documentation on the ``mutation``
module for more information. Defaults to ``BitToBit``. If made
``None``, then mutation will not be present in the GA.
elitist
Defines if the population is elitist or not. An elitist population
will never discard the fittest individual when a new generation is
computed. Defaults to ``True``.
'''
list.__init__(self, [ ])
self.__fx = [ ]
for x in x0:
x = array(x).ravel()
c = Chromosome(fmt)
c.encode(tuple(x))
self.append(c)
self.__fx.append(f(x))
self.__f = f
self.__csize = self[0].size
self.elitist = elitist
'''If ``True``, then the population is elitist.'''
if type(fmt) == int:
self.ranges = None
elif ranges is None:
self.ranges = zip(amin(self, axis=0), amax(self, axis=1))
else:
ranges = list(ranges)
if len(ranges) == 1:
self.ranges = array(ranges * len(x0[0]))
else:
self.ranges = array(ranges)
'''Holds the ranges for every variable. Although it is a
writable property, care should be taken in changing parameters
before ending the convergence.'''
# Sanitizes the first estimate. It is not expected that the values
# received as first estimates are outside the ranges, but a check is
# made anyway. If any estimate is outside the bounds, a new random
# vector is choosen.
if self.ranges is not None: self.sanity()
# Verifies the validity of the fitness method
try:
issubclass(fitness, Fitness)
fitness = fitness()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(fitness, Fitness):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid fitness function'
else:
self.__fit = fitness
self.__fitness = self.__fit(self.__fx)
# Verifies the validity of the selection method
try:
issubclass(selection, Selection)
selection = selection()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(selection, Selection):
raise TypeError, 'not a valid selection method'
else:
self.__select = selection
# Verifies the validity of the crossover method
try:
issubclass(crossover, Crossover)
crossover = crossover()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(crossover, Crossover) and crossover is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid crossover method'
else:
self.__crossover = crossover
# Verifies the validity of the mutation method
try:
issubclass(mutation, Mutation)
mutation = mutation()
except TypeError:
pass
if not isinstance(mutation, Mutation) and mutation is not None:
raise TypeError, 'not a valid mutation method'
else:
self.__mutate = mutation
from selection import *
from crossover import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
g = grid(10)
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
pop = getPopulation(g, filename=sys.argv[1])
else:
pop = getPopulation(g)
numGen = 100
totalPopSize = 100
for i in range(numGen):
selected = selection(pop, 80)
children = breed(selected,g)
pop = pop + children
pop = list(set(pop))
assert len(pop) >= totalPopSize
print("Population Size after breed = ", len(pop))
pop.sort(key=lambda x:x.aep, reverse=True)
pop = pop[:totalPopSize]
print("Generation ", i+1, "Max AEP = ", pop[0].aep, "Min AEP = ", pop[-1].aep)
with open("population.txt", "w") as f:
i = 1
for ind in pop:
f.write("Wind Farm " + str(i) + "\t AEP = " + str(ind.aep) + "\n")
for point in ind.locs:
f.write(str(point.x) + "," + str(point.y) + "\n")
