Example #1
0
 def CalculateRegionalGasExpenses(self,problemManager, distanceToGas):
   # distanceToGas is assumed given in km
         
   theUnitManager = UnitManager()
   gasCosts = np.zeros(distanceToGas.shape)
   
   AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2016,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
   AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2014,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
   
   
   piplelineCostPerKM = 0.315e6*AUD2014  # from core gas production and transmission costs 8 inch class 600 5.6mm wall.
   
   gasCosts = piplelineCostPerKM*distanceToGas
   
   AUD2018 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2018,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
   gasLCOE = 120*AUD2016   # LCOE per Mwh
   retailCOE = 100*AUD2018 # LCOE per Mwh
   
   gasPowerCosts = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.processingPower*( gasLCOE - retailCOE)
   gasNPC = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(gasPowerCosts)
   gasCosts+= gasNPC
     
   
   return gasCosts
  
             
Example #2
0
 def CalculatePowerExpenses(self, problemManager, mineDataManager):
   numYears = mineDataManager.theMiningSystem.mineLife
   
   requiredVoltage = 220
   theUnitManager = UnitManager()
   oneKm = theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("km")
   if(self.distanceToPower < 190*oneKm):  
     requiredVoltage = 132      
     if(self.distanceToPower < 150*oneKm):   # this could also be 100 km
       requiredVoltage = 33      
       if(self.distanceToPower <= oneKm): 
         requiredVoltage = 11 
 
   
   # power capex
   self.powerCapex = np.zeros(numYears)  
   distanceScale = theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/km")
   
   AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018)
   AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2014,2018)
   
   if( requiredVoltage == 220):
     distanceScale *= 925000*AUD2014
   elif(requiredVoltage == 132):
     distanceScale *= 650000*AUD2014
   elif(requiredVoltage == 33):
     distanceScale *= 300000*AUD2010
   else:
     distanceScale *= 75000*AUD2010
   
   
   self.powerCapex[0] =  distanceScale*self.distanceToPower
   
   
   self.powerOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
Example #3
0
 def CalculateRegionalPowerExpenses(self, problemManager, distanceToPower):
   # distanceToPower is assumed given in km
         
   theUnitManager = UnitManager()
   powerCosts = np.zeros(distanceToPower.shape)
   
   AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")  #in today's dollars
   AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2014,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
   AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2016,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
  
   
   
   powerCosts[distanceToPower > 190] =  925000*AUD2014
   
   powerCosts[ np.logical_and(distanceToPower <= 190,distanceToPower > 150)  ] = 300000*AUD2014
   
   powerCosts[ np.logical_and(distanceToPower <= 150,distanceToPower > 1)  ] = 300000*AUD2010
   
   powerCosts[distanceToPower <= 1] =  75000*AUD2010
   
   powerCosts *= distanceToPower
   
         
   if(self.calculateDiesel):
     AUD2018 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2018,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") 
     dieselLCOE = 350*AUD2016   # Renewable energy in Australian mining sector estimate
     retailCOE = 100*AUD2018
     dieselCosts = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.processingPower*( dieselLCOE - retailCOE)
     dieselNPC = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(dieselCosts)
     powerCosts[ powerCosts > dieselNPC ] = dieselNPC
 
     
   
   return powerCosts
    def CalculateRegionalPowerExpenses(self, problemManager, distanceToPower):
        """ Calculate power transmission infrastructure costs."""

        # distanceToPower is assumed given in km

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        powerCosts = np.zeros(distanceToPower.shape)

        if (self.includePowerInfrastructureCosts):
            AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
                1.0, 2010, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
                    "AUD")  #in today's dollars
            AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
                1.0, 2014, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")
            AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
                1.0, 2016, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")

            powerCosts[distanceToPower > 190] = 925000 * AUD2014

            powerCosts[np.logical_and(
                distanceToPower <= 190,
                distanceToPower > 150)] = 650000 * AUD2014

            powerCosts[np.logical_and(distanceToPower <= 150,
                                      distanceToPower > 1)] = 300000 * AUD2010

            powerCosts[distanceToPower <= 1] = 75000 * AUD2010

            powerCosts *= distanceToPower

        return powerCosts
    def CalculateRegionalGasExpenses(self, problemManager, distanceToGas):
        """ Calculate gas pipeline transmission costs to hydrogen plant."""

        # distanceToGas is assumed given in km

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        gasCosts = np.zeros(distanceToGas.shape)

        #AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")  #in 2018 dollars
        AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2016, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")
        AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2014, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")

        piplelineCostPerKM = 0.315e6 * AUD2014  # from core gas production and transmission costs 8 inch class 600 5.6mm wall.

        gasCosts = piplelineCostPerKM * distanceToGas

        # The following are excluded as we are using gas lines for transmission - not power (gas costs are included in plant opex).

        #AUD2018 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2018,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")
        #gasLCOE = 120*AUD2016   # LCOE per Mwh
        #retailCOE = 100*AUD2018 # LCOE per Mwh

        #gasPowerCosts = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.processingPower*( gasLCOE - retailCOE)
        #gasNPC = problemManager.theMineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(gasPowerCosts)
        #gasCosts+= gasNPC

        return gasCosts
    def CalculatePowerExpenses(self, problemManager, hydrogenManager):
        """Calculate power infrastructure expenses (local calculation)."""
        numYears = hydrogenManager.GetProjectDuration()
        self.powerCapex = np.zeros(numYears)

        if (self.includePowerInfrastructureCosts):
            requiredVoltage = 220
            theUnitManager = UnitManager()
            oneKm = theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("km")
            if (self.distanceToPower < 190 * oneKm):
                requiredVoltage = 132
                if (self.distanceToPower <
                        150 * oneKm):  # this could also be 100 km
                    requiredVoltage = 33
                    if (self.distanceToPower <= oneKm):
                        requiredVoltage = 11

            # power capex
            distanceScale = theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/km")

            AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2010, 2018)
            AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2014, 2018)

            if (requiredVoltage == 220):
                distanceScale *= 925000 * AUD2014
            elif (requiredVoltage == 132):
                distanceScale *= 650000 * AUD2014
            elif (requiredVoltage == 33):
                distanceScale *= 300000 * AUD2010
            else:
                distanceScale *= 75000 * AUD2010

            self.powerCapex[0] = distanceScale * self.distanceToPower

        self.powerOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
Example #7
0
 def CalculateTransportationExpenses(self, problemManager, mineDataManager):
   
   numYears = mineDataManager.theMiningSystem.mineLife
   
   CovertToTodaysPrice = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018)
   
   # System
   #  Road       Rail
   #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
   #  500-3000 2000-7000
   #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
   # 40 100
   # Operating Costs cents/t/km
   #  5-12 1-1.25
   # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]
   
   theUnitManager = UnitManager()
   thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/km") # length prices are $1000 per km
   thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/km/tonne")
   # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year
   
   
   fleetCapacity = np.max(mineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.concentrateProduced) 
   
   
   self.roadCapex = self.distanceToRoad * 1750. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm \
                    + 40 * CovertToTodaysPrice * fleetCapacity * self.roadTransportationDistance * thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
   
   self.railCapex = self.distanceToRail * 4500. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm \
                    + 100 * CovertToTodaysPrice * fleetCapacity * self.railTransportationDistance * thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
   
   self.roadOpex = np.zeros(numYears)  
   self.railOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
   
   centsPerTonnePerKm =  0.01*theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/tonne/km")
   self.roadOpex = self.roadTransportationDistance*  \
                       mineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.concentrateProduced * \
                       8.5* CovertToTodaysPrice* centsPerTonnePerKm# 5-12 cents/t/km
   
   self.railOpex = self.railTransportationDistance*  \
                       mineDataManager.theProcessingSystem.concentrateProduced * \
                       1.75* CovertToTodaysPrice*centsPerTonnePerKm # 1-2.5 cents/t/km
   
   # choose between road and rail based on which has lowest NPV (costs are +ve)
   roadNPV = mineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(self.roadOpex) \
             + mineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV([self.roadCapex] )
   railNPV = mineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(self.railOpex) \
             + mineDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV([self.railCapex] )
   
   
   self.transportationCapex = np.zeros(numYears)  
   self.transportationOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
   
   useRoads = roadNPV < railNPV
   if(useRoads):
     self.transportationCapex[0] = self.roadCapex
     self.transportationOpex = self.roadOpex
   else:
     self.transportationCapex[0] = self.railCapex
     self.transportationOpex = self.railOpex
Example #8
0
    def RoadConstructionCapex(self, distance):
        # nb fleet costs are also required
        CovertTo2018Price = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2010, 2018)

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/km")
        cost = distance * 1750. * CovertTo2018Price * thousandAUDPerkm
        return cost
Example #9
0
    def RoadTransportOpex(self, distance, mass):
        CovertTo2018Price = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2010, 2018)

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()

        # 8.5 cents per km
        centsPerTonnePerKm = 0.01 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne/km")
        cost = distance* mass * \
                            8.5* CovertTo2018Price* centsPerTonnePerKm
        return cost
    def CalculateRegionalCO2Expenses(self, problemManager, distanceToCO2,
                                     flowRate):
        """ Calculate CO2 pipeline transmission costs to hydrogen plant."""

        # distanceToCO2 is assumed given in km

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        co2Costs = np.zeros(distanceToCO2.shape)

        flowRateInMtYr = flowRate * theUnitManager.ConvertTo(
            "Mt")  # covert to Mt/a

        #AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")  #in 2018 dollars
        #AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2016,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")
        AUD2015 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2015, 2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")

        #powerCosts[distanceToPower > 190] =  925000*AUD2014

        # piplelineCostPerKM = 0.315e6*AUD2014  # from core gas production and transmission costs 8 inch class 600 5.6mm wall.

        # CCS pipeline cost model from
        # AUSTRALIAN POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY REPORT
        # Predicts pipeline costs  in the form of a powerlaw a(l)^b where l is in km
        flowRates = np.array([1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
                              40])  # flow rate Mt/a
        aValues = np.array([
            0.144, 0.243, 0.333, 0.417, 0.466, 0.568, 0.617, 0.693, 0.799,
            0.875
        ])  # a
        bValues = np.array(
            [1.25, 1.25, 1.24, 1.27, 1.29, 1.28, 1.29, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27])  # b

        if (flowRateInMtYr < 1.0):
            flowRateInMtYr = 1.0

        a_interp = interpolate.interp1d(flowRates, aValues)
        b_interp = interpolate.interp1d(flowRates, bValues)

        aActual = AUD2015 * a_interp(flowRateInMtYr) * 1e6
        bActual = b_interp(flowRateInMtYr)

        co2Costs = aActual * distanceToCO2**bActual

        return co2Costs
Example #11
0
    def CalculateRegionalTransportationExpenses(self, distanceToRoad, roadTransportationDistance, \
                                                      distanceToRail, railTransportationDistance, \
                                                      coverMap,concentrateCapacityFunc,discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc):
        
      AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2010,2018)
      
      # System
      #  Road       Rail
      #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
      #  500-3000 2000-7000
      #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
      # 40 100
      # Operating Costs cents/t/km
      #  5-12 1-1.25
      # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]
      
      theUnitManager = UnitManager()
      thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD") # length prices are $1000 per km  - AUD is AUD/km as regional lengths given in km
      thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/tonne")  # in AUD/km/tonne - regional lengths given in km
      # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year
      
      
      
      # road/rail capex
      roadNPVMap = distanceToRoad * 1750. *AUD2010* thousandAUDPerkm 
      railNPVMap = distanceToRail * 4500. *AUD2010* thousandAUDPerkm 

      # fleet capex
      fleetCapacityMap = concentrateCapacityFunc(coverMap)
      roadNPVMap += fleetCapacityMap * roadTransportationDistance * 40. *AUD2010*  thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
      railNPVMap += fleetCapacityMap * railTransportationDistance * 100. *AUD2010 *  thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
      
      # discounted continuing costs
      discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap = discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(coverMap)
      centsPerTonnePerKm =  0.01*theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/tonne")  # actually in AUD/tonne/Km but regional lengths given in km
      roadNPVMap += roadTransportationDistance* discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                          8.5*AUD2010* centsPerTonnePerKm# 5-12 cents/t/km
      
      railNPVMap += railTransportationDistance*  discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                          1.75*AUD2010*centsPerTonnePerKm # 1-2.5 cents/t/km
      
      transportationCostNPV = np.minimum(roadNPVMap,railNPVMap)
      
      return transportationCostNPV
    def CalculateRegionalCoalTransportationExpenses(self,problemManager,coalTransportationDistance,massCoalPerMassHydrogen, \
                                                     capacityMap,hydrogenPlantCapacity,discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc):
        """Calculate regional transporation costs for coal transportation."""

        AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2010, 2018)

        # System
        #  Road       Rail
        #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
        #  500-3000 2000-7000
        #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
        # 40 100
        # Operating Costs cents/t/km
        #  5-12 1-1.25
        # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD"
        )  # length prices are $1000 per km  - AUD is AUD/km as regional lengths given in km
        thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne")  # in AUD/km/tonne - regional lengths given in km
        # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year

        # road/rail capex
        transportationCostNPV = 0.0  # assumed already paid for (for hydrogen export)

        # transportation costs
        # fleet capex
        transportationCostNPV += massCoalPerMassHydrogen * hydrogenPlantCapacity * coalTransportationDistance * 40. * AUD2010 * thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear

        # discounted continuing costs
        discountedTotalCoalMassMap = massCoalPerMassHydrogen * discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(
            capacityMap)
        centsPerTonnePerKm = 0.01 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne"
        )  # actually in AUD/tonne/Km but regional lengths given in km
        transportationCostNPV += coalTransportationDistance* discountedTotalCoalMassMap * \
                                    8.5*AUD2010* centsPerTonnePerKm# 5-12 cents/t/km

        return transportationCostNPV
    def CalculateWaterExpenses(self, problemManager, hydrogenDataManager):
        """ 
      Calculate water startup infrastructure costs - ongoing costs are assumed included in the mine and processing cost models.
      """
        numYears = hydrogenDataManager.GetProjectDuration()

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()

        self.totalWaterUse = hydrogenDataManager.theHydrogenPlant.waterUse + hydrogenDataManager.thePowerPlant.waterUse

        maxWaterRequirement = np.max(self.totalWaterUse)

        AUD2018 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2018, 2018)

        v = 2.0  # 2 m/s flow rate
        q = maxWaterRequirement  # in kL in kL/year (i.e. m^3/year)
        sPerYear = 365 * 24 * 3600
        diam = np.sqrt(4 * q / (np.pi * sPerYear * v))

        if diam < 150e-3:  # capped to prevent -ve pipeline costs (approximate diameter of "small" pipes in AUSIMM cost est)
            diam = 150e-3

        distanceScale = (
            2.6229e6 * diam - 125528
        ) * AUD2018  # empirical fit to cost of pipeline data per km in 2018 AUD

        oneKm = theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("km")

        self.waterCapex = np.zeros(numYears)

        self.waterCapex[0] = distanceScale * self.distanceToWater / oneKm

        waterCost = hydrogenDataManager.theEconomicDataManager.commodityPrices[
            "H2O"]  # cost per L/Kg
        waterCost *= 1.0 / theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("L")

        #self.waterOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
        self.waterOpex = waterCost * self.totalWaterUse
Example #14
0
    def CalculateUncertainRegionalTransportationExpenses(self, distanceToRoad, roadTransportationDistance, \
                                                      distanceToRail, railTransportationDistance, \
                                                      coverMap,concentrateCapacityFunc,discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc):

        AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2010, 2018)

        # System
        #  Road       Rail
        #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
        #  500-3000 2000-7000
        #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
        # 40 100
        # Operating Costs cents/t/km
        #  5-12 1-1.25
        # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD"
        )  # length prices are $1000 per km  - AUD is AUD/km as regional lengths given in km
        thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne")  # in AUD/km/tonne - regional lengths given in km
        # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year

        # road/rail capex
        roadCapexPerKm = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(1750.,
                                                               min=500.,
                                                               max=3000.)
        railCapexPerKm = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(4500.,
                                                               min=2000.,
                                                               max=7000.)
        roadNPVMap = distanceToRoad * (
            roadCapexPerKm * AUD2010 * thousandAUDPerkm)  # 500 - 3000
        railNPVMap = distanceToRail * (
            railCapexPerKm * AUD2010 * thousandAUDPerkm
        )  # 2000 - 7000  # track

        # fleet capex
        roadFleetCapexPerMtKmYr = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(
            40., min=28., max=52.)  # assuming 10% std dev
        railFleetCapexPerMtKmYr = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(
            100., min=70., max=130.)  # assuming 10% std dev
        fleetCapacityMap = concentrateCapacityFunc(coverMap)
        roadNPVMap += fleetCapacityMap * (roadTransportationDistance *
                                          roadFleetCapexPerMtKmYr * AUD2010 *
                                          thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear)
        railNPVMap += fleetCapacityMap * (railTransportationDistance *
                                          railFleetCapexPerMtKmYr * AUD2010 *
                                          thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear)

        # discounted continuing costs
        discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap = discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(
            coverMap)
        centsPerTonnePerKm = 0.01 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne"
        )  # actually in AUD/tonne/Km but regional lengths given in km

        roadOpexPerTKm = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(
            8.5, min=5., max=12.)  # 5-12 cents/t/km
        railOpexPerTKm = ScaledBetaDistribution.FromMeanAndStd(
            1.75, min=1., max=2.5)  # 1-2.5 cents/t/km

        roadNPVMap += (roadTransportationDistance* discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap) * \
                            (roadOpexPerTKm*AUD2010* centsPerTonnePerKm)# 5-12 cents/t/km

        railNPVMap += (railTransportationDistance*  discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap) * \
                            (railOpexPerTKm*AUD2010*centsPerTonnePerKm) # 1-2.5 cents/t/km

        transportationCostNPV = np.minimum(roadNPVMap, railNPVMap)

        return transportationCostNPV
    def CalculateRegionalTransportationExpenses(self, distanceToRoad, roadTransportationDistance, \
                                                      distanceToRail, railTransportationDistance, \
                                                      coverMap,hydrogenPlantCapacity,discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc,
                                                      pipelineDistanceToPort =  None):
        """Calculate regional transporation costs (road/rail/pipeline). Note that all projects must have either road or rail access."""

        AUD2010 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2010, 2018)
        AUD2016 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0, 2016, 2018)

        # System
        #  Road       Rail
        #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
        #  500-3000 2000-7000
        #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
        # 40 100
        # Operating Costs cents/t/km
        #  5-12 1-1.25
        # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD"
        )  # length prices are $1000 per km  - AUD is AUD/km as regional lengths given in km
        thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/tonne")  # in AUD/km/tonne - regional lengths given in km
        # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year

        # road/rail capex - needed just to get road/rail to plant location
        roadNPVMap = distanceToRoad * 1750. * AUD2010 * thousandAUDPerkm  # 500 - 3000
        railNPVMap = distanceToRail * 4500. * AUD2010 * thousandAUDPerkm  # 2000 - 7000  # track

        pipelineNPVMap = None
        # transportation costs
        if self.includeTransportationCosts:

            # pipeline costs must include costs to connect to transportation network - it is assumed the cheapest option (road or rail is used)

            if (pipelineDistanceToPort is not None):
                pipelineNPVMap = np.minimum(
                    roadNPVMap,
                    railNPVMap)  # still need to build road/rail to the site

                #AUD2014 = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2014,2018) * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD")

                #piplelineCostPerKM = 0.315e6*AUD2014  # from core gas production and transmission costs 8 inch class 600 5.6mm wall.
                #piplelineCostPerKM *= 1.68 # NIST estimates that hydrogen-grade steel pipeline is 68% more costly than standard gas pipeline.

                # From "Evaluation of the Economics of Renewable Hydrogen Supply in the APEC Region", Kan and Shibata, 2018
                AUD2018 = 1.0  #MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(1.0,2018,2018)
                netPiplelineCostPerKM = 1.475e6 * AUD2018
                # $0.4 MM USD/km (pipeline) + $50 MM USD /79km (compressors)

                baseCapacity = 194070 * 365 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
                    "kg")
                # estimates based on 194070 kg/day ~ 70 k tonne/year plant
                # assuming linear scaling

                numPipeline = hydrogenPlantCapacity / baseCapacity
                if (numPipeline < 1.0):
                    numPipeline = 1.0

                pipelineNPVMap += numPipeline * pipelineDistanceToPort * netPiplelineCostPerKM  # pipeline costs

                # continuing costs 8% of capex per annum
                opexPerkgkm = 0.08 * netPiplelineCostPerKM / baseCapacity
                discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap = discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(
                    coverMap)
                pipelineNPVMap += opexPerkgkm * pipelineDistanceToPort * discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap
            """
        # fleet capex
        roadNPVMap += hydrogenPlantCapacity * roadTransportationDistance * 40. *AUD2010*  thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
        railNPVMap += hydrogenPlantCapacity * railTransportationDistance * 100. *AUD2010 *  thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear
      
        # discounted continuing costs
        discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap = discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(coverMap)
        centsPerTonnePerKm =  0.01*theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits("AUD/tonne")  # actually in AUD/tonne/Km but regional lengths given in km
        roadNPVMap += roadTransportationDistance* discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                          8.5*AUD2010* centsPerTonnePerKm# 5-12 cents/t/km
      
        railNPVMap += railTransportationDistance*  discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                          1.75*AUD2010*centsPerTonnePerKm # 1-2.5 cents/t/km
        """

            # from CSIRO report
            # discounted continuing costs - fleet costs are included in transport costs
            discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap = discountedTotalConcentrateMassFunc(
                coverMap)
            centsPerTonnePerKm = 0.01 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
                "AUD/tonne"
            )  # actually in AUD/tonne/Km but regional lengths given in km
            roadNPVMap += roadTransportationDistance* discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                              233*AUD2016* centsPerTonnePerKm # $2.33 AUD/t/km

            railNPVMap += railTransportationDistance*  discountedTotalConcentrateMassMap * \
                              55*AUD2016*centsPerTonnePerKm # $0.55 AUD/t/km

            # print "here", np.max(railTransportationDistance)

        transportationCostNPV = np.minimum(roadNPVMap, railNPVMap)
        if (pipelineNPVMap is not None):
            transportationCostNPV = np.minimum(transportationCostNPV,
                                               pipelineNPVMap)

        else:
            transportationCostNPV = np.minimum(roadNPVMap, railNPVMap)

        return transportationCostNPV
    def CalculateTransportationExpenses(self, problemManager, hydrogenManager):
        """Calculate transporation costs (Single site calculation)."""
        numYears = hydrogenManager.theHydrogenPlant.projectLife

        CovertToTodaysPrice = MiningEquipmentPriceIndex.IndexedPrice(
            1.0, 2010, 2018)

        # System
        #  Road       Rail
        #  Capital costs 1000AUD/km
        #  500-3000 2000-7000
        #  Fleet Costs 1000AUD /(km.Mt/a)
        # 40 100
        # Operating Costs cents/t/km
        #  5-12 1-1.25
        # Table 5: Transportation costs in 2010 AUD [1]

        theUnitManager = UnitManager()
        thousandAUDPerkm = 1000. * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/km")  # length prices are $1000 per km
        thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear = 1000. * 1e-6 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
            "AUD/km/tonne")
        # fleet costs are per 1000 AuD per Mt km/ year

        fleetCapacity = np.max(
            hydrogenManager.theHydrogenPlant.hydrogenProduced)

        if self.includeTransportationCosts:

            self.roadCapex = self.distanceToRoad * 1750. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm \
                           + 40 * CovertToTodaysPrice * fleetCapacity * self.roadTransportationDistance * thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear

            self.railCapex = self.distanceToRail * 4500. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm \
                           + 100 * CovertToTodaysPrice * fleetCapacity * self.railTransportationDistance * thousandAUDPerMtkmPerYear

        else:
            # still need road/rail infrastructure (to build and run the plant)
            self.roadCapex = self.distanceToRoad * 1750. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm

            self.railCapex = self.distanceToRail * 4500. * CovertToTodaysPrice * thousandAUDPerkm

        self.roadOpex = np.zeros(numYears)
        self.railOpex = np.zeros(numYears)

        if self.includeTransportationCosts:
            centsPerTonnePerKm = 0.01 * theUnitManager.ConvertToBaseUnits(
                "AUD/tonne/km")
            self.roadOpex = self.roadTransportationDistance*  \
                                hydrogenManager.theHydrogenPlant.hydrogenProduced * \
                                8.5* CovertToTodaysPrice* centsPerTonnePerKm # 5-12 cents/t/km

            self.railOpex = self.railTransportationDistance*  \
                                hydrogenManager.theHydrogenPlant.hydrogenProduced * \
                                1.75* CovertToTodaysPrice*centsPerTonnePerKm # 1-2.5 cents/t/km

        # choose between road and rail based on which has lowest NPV (costs are +ve)
        roadNPV = hydrogenManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(self.roadOpex) \
                  + hydrogenManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV([self.roadCapex] )
        railNPV = hydrogenManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV(self.railOpex) \
                  + hydrogenManager.theEconomicDataManager.CalculateNPV([self.railCapex] )

        self.transportationCapex = np.zeros(numYears)
        self.transportationOpex = np.zeros(numYears)

        useRoads = roadNPV < railNPV
        if (useRoads):
            self.transportationCapex[0] = self.roadCapex
            self.transportationOpex = self.roadOpex
        else:
            self.transportationCapex[0] = self.railCapex
            self.transportationOpex = self.railOpex