def pylab(self, line=''):
"""Load numpy and matplotlib to work interactively.
This function lets you activate pylab (matplotlib, numpy and
interactive support) at any point during an IPython session.
It will import at the top level numpy as np, pyplot as plt, matplotlib,
pylab and mlab, as well as all names from numpy and pylab.
See the %matplotlib magic for more details.
"""
args = magic_arguments.parse_argstring(self.pylab, line)
if args.no_import_all is None:
# get default from Application
if Application.initialized():
app = Application.instance()
try:
import_all = app.pylab_import_all
except AttributeError:
import_all = True
else:
# nothing specified, no app - default True
import_all = True
else:
# invert no-import flag
import_all = not args.no_import_all
gui, backend, clobbered = self.shell.enable_pylab(args.gui, import_all=import_all)
self._show_matplotlib_backend(args.gui, backend)
if clobbered:
warn("pylab import has clobbered these variables: %s" % clobbered +
"\n`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy"
)
def __init__(self, profile="default", hist_file=u"", config=None, **traits):
"""Create a new history accessor.
Parameters
----------
profile : str
The name of the profile from which to open history.
hist_file : str
Path to an SQLite history database stored by IPython. If specified,
hist_file overrides profile.
config :
Config object. hist_file can also be set through this.
"""
# We need a pointer back to the shell for various tasks.
super(HistoryAccessor, self).__init__(config=config, **traits)
# defer setting hist_file from kwarg until after init,
# otherwise the default kwarg value would clobber any value
# set by config
if hist_file:
self.hist_file = hist_file
if self.hist_file == u"":
# No one has set the hist_file, yet.
self.hist_file = self._get_hist_file_name(profile)
if sqlite3 is None and self.enabled:
warn("IPython History requires SQLite, your history will not be saved")
self.enabled = False
self.init_db()
def update(self, arg):
# print '***cache_count', self.cache_count # dbg
if len(self.user_ns["_oh"]) >= self.cache_size and self.do_full_cache:
warn(
"Output cache limit (currently " + repr(self.cache_size) + " entries) hit.\n"
"Flushing cache and resetting history counter...\n"
"The only history variables available will be _,__,___ and _1\n"
"with the current result."
)
self.flush()
# Don't overwrite '_' and friends if '_' is in builtins (otherwise
# we cause buggy behavior for things like gettext).
if "_" not in builtins.__dict__:
self.___ = self.__
self.__ = self._
self._ = arg
self.user_ns.update({"_": self._, "__": self.__, "___": self.___})
# hackish access to top-level namespace to create _1,_2... dynamically
to_main = {}
if self.do_full_cache:
new_result = "_" + repr(self.prompt_count)
to_main[new_result] = arg
self.user_ns.update(to_main)
self.user_ns["_oh"][self.prompt_count] = arg
def parse_command_line(self, argv=None):
"""override to allow old '-pylab' flag with deprecation warning"""
argv = sys.argv[1:] if argv is None else argv
try:
idx = argv.index('-pylab')
except ValueError:
# `-pylab` not given, proceed as normal
pass
else:
# deprecated `-pylab` given,
# warn and transform into current syntax
argv = list(argv) # copy, don't clobber
warn.warn("`-pylab` flag has been deprecated.\n"
" Use `--pylab` instead, or `pylab=foo` to specify a backend.")
sub = '--pylab'
if len(argv) > idx+1:
# check for gui arg, as in '-pylab qt'
gui = argv[idx+1]
if gui in ('wx', 'qt', 'qt4', 'gtk', 'auto'):
sub = 'pylab='+gui
argv.pop(idx+1)
argv[idx] = sub
return super(TerminalIPythonApp, self).parse_command_line(argv)
def check_for_old_config(ipython_dir=None):
"""Check for old config files, and present a warning if they exist.
A link to the docs of the new config is included in the message.
This should mitigate confusion with the transition to the new
config system in 0.11.
"""
if ipython_dir is None:
ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
old_configs = ['ipy_user_conf.py', 'ipythonrc', 'ipython_config.py']
warned = False
for cfg in old_configs:
f = os.path.join(ipython_dir, cfg)
if os.path.exists(f):
warned = True
warn.warn("Found old IPython config file %r"%f)
if warned:
warn.warn("""
The IPython configuration system has changed as of 0.11, and these files
will be ignored. See http://ipython.github.com/ipython-doc/dev/config for
details on the new config system. To start configuring IPython, do
`ipython profile create`, and edit `ipython_config.py` in
<ipython_dir>/profile_default, adding
`c.InteractiveShellApp.ignore_old_config=True`""")
def __init__(self):
if ctypes is None:
warn("IPython GUI event loop requires ctypes, %gui will not be available")
return
self.PYFUNC = ctypes.PYFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int)
self._apps = {}
self._reset()
def update(self,arg):
#print '***cache_count', self.cache_count # dbg
if len(self.user_ns['_oh']) >= self.cache_size and self.do_full_cache:
warn('Output cache limit (currently '+
`self.cache_size`+' entries) hit.\n'
'Flushing cache and resetting history counter...\n'
'The only history variables available will be _,__,___ and _1\n'
'with the current result.')
self.flush()
# Don't overwrite '_' and friends if '_' is in __builtin__ (otherwise
# we cause buggy behavior for things like gettext).
if '_' not in __builtin__.__dict__:
self.___ = self.__
self.__ = self._
self._ = arg
self.user_ns.update({'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___})
# hackish access to top-level namespace to create _1,_2... dynamically
to_main = {}
if self.do_full_cache:
new_result = '_'+`self.prompt_count`
to_main[new_result] = arg
self.user_ns.update(to_main)
self.user_ns['_oh'][self.prompt_count] = arg
def warn_format_error(method, self, *args, **kwargs):
"""decorator for warning on failed format call"""
try:
return method(self, *args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
warn("Exception in %s formatter: %s" % (self.format_type, e))
return None
def import_fail_info(mod_name,fns=None):
"""Inform load failure for a module."""
if fns == None:
warn("Loading of %s failed.\n" % (mod_name,))
else:
warn("Loading of %s from %s failed.\n" % (fns,mod_name))
def expand_aliases(self, fn, rest):
"""Expand multiple levels of aliases:
if:
alias foo bar /tmp
alias baz foo
then:
baz huhhahhei -> bar /tmp huhhahhei
"""
line = fn + " " + rest
done = set()
while 1:
pre,_,fn,rest = split_user_input(line, shell_line_split)
if fn in self.alias_table:
if fn in done:
warn("Cyclic alias definition, repeated '%s'" % fn)
return ""
done.add(fn)
l2 = self.transform_alias(fn, rest)
if l2 == line:
break
# ls -> ls -F should not recurse forever
if l2.split(None,1)[0] == line.split(None,1)[0]:
line = l2
break
line=l2
else:
break
return line
def __init__(self, shell=None, cache_size=1000, **kwargs):
super(DisplayHook, self).__init__(shell=shell, **kwargs)
cache_size_min = 3
if cache_size <= 0:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
elif cache_size < cache_size_min:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
warn('caching was disabled (min value for cache size is %s).' %
cache_size_min,level=3)
else:
self.do_full_cache = 1
self.cache_size = cache_size
# we need a reference to the user-level namespace
self.shell = shell
self._,self.__,self.___ = '','',''
# these are deliberately global:
to_user_ns = {'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___}
self.shell.user_ns.update(to_user_ns)
def check_for_old_config(ipython_dir=None):
"""Check for old config files, and present a warning if they exist.
A link to the docs of the new config is included in the message.
This should mitigate confusion with the transition to the new
config system in 0.11.
"""
if ipython_dir is None:
ipython_dir = get_ipython_dir()
old_configs = ['ipy_user_conf.py', 'ipythonrc', 'ipython_config.py']
warned = False
for cfg in old_configs:
f = os.path.join(ipython_dir, cfg)
if os.path.exists(f):
if filehash(f) == old_config_md5.get(cfg, ''):
os.unlink(f)
else:
warn.warn("Found old IPython config file %r (modified by user)"%f)
warned = True
if warned:
warn.info("""
The IPython configuration system has changed as of 0.11, and these files will
be ignored. See http://ipython.github.com/ipython-doc/dev/config for details
of the new config system.
To start configuring IPython, do `ipython profile create`, and edit
`ipython_config.py` in <ipython_dir>/profile_default.
If you need to leave the old config files in place for an older version of
IPython and want to suppress this warning message, set
`c.InteractiveShellApp.ignore_old_config=True` in the new config.""")
def refill_readline_hist(self):
# Load the last 1000 lines from history
self.readline.clear_history()
stdin_encoding = sys.stdin.encoding or "utf-8"
last_cell = u""
for _, _, cell in self.history_manager.get_tail(self.history_load_length,
include_latest=True):
# Ignore blank lines and consecutive duplicates
cell = cell.rstrip()
if cell and (cell != last_cell):
try:
if self.multiline_history:
self.readline.add_history(py3compat.unicode_to_str(cell,
stdin_encoding))
else:
for line in cell.splitlines():
self.readline.add_history(py3compat.unicode_to_str(line,
stdin_encoding))
last_cell = cell
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
# The history DB can get corrupted so it returns strings
# containing null bytes, which readline objects to.
warn(("Failed to add string to readline history.\n"
"Error: {}\n"
"Cell: {!r}").format(e, cell))
def _should_recompile(self,e):
"""Utility routine for edit_syntax_error"""
if e.filename in ('<ipython console>','<input>','<string>',
'<console>','<BackgroundJob compilation>',
None):
return False
try:
if (self.autoedit_syntax and
not self.ask_yes_no('Return to editor to correct syntax error? '
'[Y/n] ','y')):
return False
except EOFError:
return False
def int0(x):
try:
return int(x)
except TypeError:
return 0
# always pass integer line and offset values to editor hook
try:
self.hooks.fix_error_editor(e.filename,
int0(e.lineno),int0(e.offset),e.msg)
except TryNext:
warn('Could not open editor')
return False
return True
def raw_input(self, prompt=''):
"""Write a prompt and read a line.
The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
Parameters
----------
prompt : str, optional
A string to be printed to prompt the user.
"""
# raw_input expects str, but we pass it unicode sometimes
prompt = py3compat.cast_bytes_py2(prompt)
try:
line = py3compat.cast_unicode_py2(self.raw_input_original(prompt))
except ValueError:
warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
" or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!\n")
self.ask_exit()
return ""
# Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
# than necessary. We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
# spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
if self.autoindent:
if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
self.indent_current_nsp = 0
return line
def update_user_ns(self, result):
"""Update user_ns with various things like _, __, _1, etc."""
# Avoid recursive reference when displaying _oh/Out
if result is not self.shell.user_ns['_oh']:
if len(self.shell.user_ns['_oh']) >= self.cache_size and self.do_full_cache:
warn('Output cache limit (currently '+
`self.cache_size`+' entries) hit.\n'
'Flushing cache and resetting history counter...\n'
'The only history variables available will be _,__,___ and _1\n'
'with the current result.')
self.flush()
# Don't overwrite '_' and friends if '_' is in __builtin__ (otherwise
# we cause buggy behavior for things like gettext).
if '_' not in __builtin__.__dict__:
self.___ = self.__
self.__ = self._
self._ = result
self.shell.user_ns.update({'_':self._,
'__':self.__,
'___':self.___})
# hackish access to top-level namespace to create _1,_2... dynamically
to_main = {}
if self.do_full_cache:
new_result = '_'+`self.prompt_count`
to_main[new_result] = result
self.shell.user_ns.update(to_main)
self.shell.user_ns['_oh'][self.prompt_count] = result
def _setup_pipe_in(self):
"""setup listening pipe for subprocesses"""
ctx = self.pub_socket.context
# use UUID to authenticate pipe messages
self._pipe_uuid = uuid.uuid4().bytes
self._pipe_in = ctx.socket(zmq.PULL)
self._pipe_in.linger = 0
try:
self._pipe_port = self._pipe_in.bind_to_random_port("tcp://127.0.0.1")
except zmq.ZMQError as e:
warn("Couldn't bind IOStream to 127.0.0.1: %s" % e +
"\nsubprocess output will be unavailable."
)
self._pipe_flag = False
self._pipe_in.close()
del self._pipe_in
return
self._pipe_poller = zmq.Poller()
self._pipe_poller.register(self._pipe_in, zmq.POLLIN)
if IOLoop.initialized():
# subprocess flush should trigger flush
# if kernel is idle
IOLoop.instance().add_handler(self._pipe_in,
lambda s, event: self.flush(),
IOLoop.READ,
)
def raw_input(self, prompt='', continue_prompt=False):
"""Write a prompt and read a line.
The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
Optional inputs:
- prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
- continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
continuation in a sequence of inputs.
"""
# Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
# We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
if self.has_readline:
self.set_readline_completer()
try:
line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
except ValueError:
warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
" or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
self.ask_exit()
return ""
# Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
# than necessary. We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
# spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
if self.autoindent:
if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
self.indent_current_nsp = 0
# store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
# it.
if line.strip():
if continue_prompt:
if self.has_readline and self.readline_use:
histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
if histlen > 1:
newhist = self.history_manager.input_hist_raw[-1].rstrip()
self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen-1)
self.readline.replace_history_item(histlen-2,
newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
else:
self.history_manager.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)
elif not continue_prompt:
self.history_manager.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
try:
lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(line,continue_prompt)
except:
# blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
# can't take all of ipython with it.
self.showtraceback()
return ''
else:
return lineout
def __init__(self):
if ctypes is None:
warn("IPython GUI event loop requires ctypes, %gui will not be available")
else:
self.PYFUNC = ctypes.PYFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int)
self.guihooks = {}
self.aliases = {}
self.apps = {}
self._reset()
def check_exclusions_exist():
from IPython.utils.path import get_ipython_package_dir
from IPython.utils.warn import warn
parent = os.path.dirname(get_ipython_package_dir())
for sec in test_sections:
for pattern in sec.exclusions:
fullpath = pjoin(parent, pattern)
if not os.path.exists(fullpath) and not glob.glob(fullpath + '.*'):
warn("Excluding nonexistent file: %r" % pattern)
def __init__(self, shell=None, cache_size=1000,
colors='NoColor', input_sep='\n',
output_sep='\n', output_sep2='',
ps1 = None, ps2 = None, ps_out = None, pad_left=True,
config=None):
super(DisplayHook, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
cache_size_min = 3
if cache_size <= 0:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
elif cache_size < cache_size_min:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
warn('caching was disabled (min value for cache size is %s).' %
cache_size_min,level=3)
else:
self.do_full_cache = 1
self.cache_size = cache_size
self.input_sep = input_sep
# we need a reference to the user-level namespace
self.shell = shell
# Set input prompt strings and colors
if cache_size == 0:
if ps1.find('%n') > -1 or ps1.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps1.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps1 = '>>> '
if ps2.find('%n') > -1 or ps2.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps2.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps2 = '... '
self.ps1_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps1,'In [\\#]: ','>>> ')
self.ps2_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps2,' .\\D.: ','... ')
self.ps_out_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps_out,'Out[\\#]: ','')
self.color_table = prompts.PromptColors
self.prompt1 = prompts.Prompt1(self,sep=input_sep,prompt=self.ps1_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt2 = prompts.Prompt2(self,prompt=self.ps2_str,pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt_out = prompts.PromptOut(self,sep='',prompt=self.ps_out_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.set_colors(colors)
# Store the last prompt string each time, we need it for aligning
# continuation and auto-rewrite prompts
self.last_prompt = ''
self.output_sep = output_sep
self.output_sep2 = output_sep2
self._,self.__,self.___ = '','',''
self.pprint_types = map(type,[(),[],{}])
# these are deliberately global:
to_user_ns = {'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___}
self.shell.user_ns.update(to_user_ns)
def getcwdu():
"""Graciously handles cases when PWD does not exist.
Defaults to home directory eliminating the OSError exception.
"""
try:
current_dir_path = os.getcwdu()
except OSError ,e :
if e.errno is 2:
warn.warn("Path does not exist , defaulting to Home Directory")
current_dir_path = get_home_dir()
def cull_cache(self):
"""Output cache is full, cull the oldest entries"""
oh = self.shell.user_ns.get('_oh', {})
sz = len(oh)
cull_count = max(int(sz * self.cull_fraction), 2)
warn('Output cache limit (currently {sz} entries) hit.\n'
'Flushing oldest {cull_count} entries.'.format(sz=sz, cull_count=cull_count))
for i, n in enumerate(sorted(oh)):
if i >= cull_count:
break
self.shell.user_ns.pop('_%i' % n, None)
oh.pop(n, None)
def __init__(self, profile="default", hist_file=u"", config=None, **traits):
"""Create a new history accessor.
Parameters
----------
profile : str
The name of the profile from which to open history.
hist_file : str
Path to an SQLite history database stored by IPython. If specified,
hist_file overrides profile.
config :
Config object. hist_file can also be set through this.
"""
# We need a pointer back to the shell for various tasks.
super(HistoryAccessor, self).__init__(config=config, **traits)
# defer setting hist_file from kwarg until after init,
# otherwise the default kwarg value would clobber any value
# set by config
if hist_file:
self.hist_file = hist_file
if self.hist_file == u"":
# No one has set the hist_file, yet.
self.hist_file = self._get_hist_file_name(profile)
if sqlite3 is None and self.enabled:
warn("IPython History requires SQLite, your history will not be saved\n")
self.enabled = False
if sqlite3 is not None:
DatabaseError = sqlite3.DatabaseError
else:
DatabaseError = Exception
try:
self.init_db()
except DatabaseError:
if os.path.isfile(self.hist_file):
# Try to move the file out of the way
base, ext = os.path.splitext(self.hist_file)
newpath = base + "-corrupt" + ext
os.rename(self.hist_file, newpath)
print(
"ERROR! History file wasn't a valid SQLite database.",
"It was moved to %s" % newpath,
"and a new file created.",
)
self.init_db()
else:
# The hist_file is probably :memory: or something else.
raise
def warn_format_error(method, self, *args, **kwargs):
"""decorator for warning on failed format call"""
try:
r = method(self, *args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
warn("Exception in %s formatter: %s" % (self.format_type, e))
return None
if r is None or isinstance(r, self._return_type) or \
(isinstance(r, tuple) and r and isinstance(r[0], self._return_type)):
return r
else:
warn("%s formatter returned invalid type %s (expected %s) for object: %s" % (
self.format_type, type(r), self._return_type, pretty._safe_repr(args[0])
))
def profile(self, parameter_s=''):
"""Print your currently active IPython profile.
See Also
--------
prun : run code using the Python profiler
(:meth:`~IPython.core.magics.execution.ExecutionMagics.prun`)
"""
warn("%profile is now deprecated. Please use get_ipython().profile instead.")
from IPython.core.application import BaseIPythonApplication
if BaseIPythonApplication.initialized():
print(BaseIPythonApplication.instance().profile)
else:
error("profile is an application-level value, but you don't appear to be in an IPython application")
def pylab(self, line=''):
"""Load numpy and matplotlib to work interactively.
This function lets you activate pylab (matplotlib, numpy and
interactive support) at any point during an IPython session.
%pylab makes the following imports::
import numpy
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import pylab, mlab, pyplot
np = numpy
plt = pyplot
from IPython.display import display
from IPython.core.pylabtools import figsize, getfigs
from pylab import *
from numpy import *
If you pass `--no-import-all`, the last two `*` imports will be excluded.
See the %matplotlib magic for more details about activating matplotlib
without affecting the interactive namespace.
"""
args = magic_arguments.parse_argstring(self.pylab, line)
if args.no_import_all is None:
# get default from Application
if Application.initialized():
app = Application.instance()
try:
import_all = app.pylab_import_all
except AttributeError:
import_all = True
else:
# nothing specified, no app - default True
import_all = True
else:
# invert no-import flag
import_all = not args.no_import_all
gui, backend, clobbered = self.shell.enable_pylab(
args.gui, import_all=import_all)
self._show_matplotlib_backend(args.gui, backend)
print (
"Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib")
if clobbered:
warn("pylab import has clobbered these variables: %s" % clobbered +
"\n`%matplotlib` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy"
)
def get_ipython_dir():
"""Get the IPython directory for this platform and user.
This uses the logic in `get_home_dir` to find the home directory
and then adds .ipython to the end of the path.
"""
env = os.environ
pjoin = os.path.join
ipdir_def = '.ipython'
xdg_def = 'ipython'
home_dir = get_home_dir()
xdg_dir = get_xdg_dir()
# import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # dbg
ipdir = env.get('IPYTHON_DIR', env.get('IPYTHONDIR', None))
if ipdir is None:
# not set explicitly, use XDG_CONFIG_HOME or HOME
home_ipdir = pjoin(home_dir, ipdir_def)
if xdg_dir:
# use XDG, as long as the user isn't already
# using $HOME/.ipython and *not* XDG/ipython
xdg_ipdir = pjoin(xdg_dir, xdg_def)
if _writable_dir(xdg_ipdir) or not _writable_dir(home_ipdir):
ipdir = xdg_ipdir
if ipdir is None:
# not using XDG
ipdir = home_ipdir
ipdir = os.path.normpath(os.path.expanduser(ipdir))
if os.path.exists(ipdir) and not _writable_dir(ipdir):
# ipdir exists, but is not writable
warn.warn("IPython dir '%s' is not a writable location,"
" using a temp directory."%ipdir)
ipdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
elif not os.path.exists(ipdir):
parent = ipdir.rsplit(os.path.sep, 1)[0]
if not _writable_dir(parent):
# ipdir does not exist and parent isn't writable
warn.warn("IPython parent '%s' is not a writable location,"
" using a temp directory."%parent)
ipdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
return py3compat.cast_unicode(ipdir, fs_encoding)
def parse_command_line(self, argv=None):
"""override to allow old '-pylab' flag with deprecation warning"""
argv = sys.argv[1:] if argv is None else argv
if '-pylab' in argv:
# deprecated `-pylab` given,
# warn and transform into current syntax
argv = argv[:] # copy, don't clobber
idx = argv.index('-pylab')
warn.warn("`-pylab` flag has been deprecated.\n"
" Use `--matplotlib <backend>` and import pylab manually.")
argv[idx] = '--pylab'
return super(TerminalIPythonApp, self).parse_command_line(argv)
def get_default_editor():
try:
ed = os.environ["EDITOR"]
if not py3compat.PY3:
ed = ed.decode()
return ed
except KeyError:
pass
except UnicodeError:
warn("$EDITOR environment variable is not pure ASCII. Using platform " "default editor.")
if os.name == "posix":
return "vi" # the only one guaranteed to be there!
else:
return "notepad" # same in Windows!
def load(self, arg_s):
"""Load code into the current frontend.
Usage:\\
%load [options] source
where source can be a filename, URL, input history range or macro
Options:
--------
-r <lines>: Specify lines or ranges of lines to load from the source.
Ranges could be specified as x-y (x..y) or in python-style x:y
(x..(y-1)). Both limits x and y can be left blank (meaning the
beginning and end of the file, respectively).
-s <symbols>: Specify function or classes to load from python source.
-y : Don't ask confirmation for loading source above 200 000 characters.
This magic command can either take a local filename, a URL, an history
range (see %history) or a macro as argument, it will prompt for
confirmation before loading source with more than 200 000 characters, unless
-y flag is passed or if the frontend does not support raw_input::
%load myscript.py
%load 7-27
%load myMacro
%load http://www.example.com/myscript.py
%load -r 5-10 myscript.py
%load -r 10-20,30,40: foo.py
%load -s MyClass,wonder_function myscript.py
"""
opts,args = self.parse_options(arg_s,'ys:r:')
if not args:
raise UsageError('Missing filename, URL, input history range, '
'or macro.')
contents = self.shell.find_user_code(args)
if 's' in opts:
try:
blocks, not_found = extract_symbols(contents, opts['s'])
except SyntaxError:
# non python code
error("Unable to parse the input as valid Python code")
return
if len(not_found) == 1:
warn('The symbol `%s` was not found' % not_found[0])
elif len(not_found) > 1:
warn('The symbols %s were not found' % get_text_list(not_found,
wrap_item_with='`')
)
contents = '\n'.join(blocks)
if 'r' in opts:
ranges = opts['r'].replace(',', ' ')
lines = contents.split('\n')
slices = extract_code_ranges(ranges)
contents = [lines[slice(*slc)] for slc in slices]
contents = '\n'.join(chain.from_iterable(contents))
l = len(contents)
# 200 000 is ~ 2500 full 80 caracter lines
# so in average, more than 5000 lines
if l > 200000 and 'y' not in opts:
try:
ans = self.shell.ask_yes_no(("The text you're trying to load seems pretty big"\
" (%d characters). Continue (y/[N]) ?" % l), default='n' )
except StdinNotImplementedError:
#asume yes if raw input not implemented
ans = True
if ans is False :
print 'Operation cancelled.'
return
self.shell.set_next_input(contents)
def __init__(self,shell,cache_size,Pprint,
colors='NoColor',input_sep='\n',
output_sep='\n',output_sep2='',
ps1 = None, ps2 = None,ps_out = None,pad_left=True):
cache_size_min = 3
if cache_size <= 0:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
elif cache_size < cache_size_min:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
warn('caching was disabled (min value for cache size is %s).' %
cache_size_min,level=3)
else:
self.do_full_cache = 1
self.cache_size = cache_size
self.input_sep = input_sep
# we need a reference to the user-level namespace
self.shell = shell
self.user_ns = shell.user_ns
# and to the user's input
self.input_hist = shell.history.input_cache
# Set input prompt strings and colors
if cache_size == 0:
if ps1.find('%n') > -1 or ps1.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps1.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps1 = '>>> '
if ps2.find('%n') > -1 or ps2.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps2.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps2 = '... '
self.ps1_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps1,'In [\\#]: ','>>> ')
self.ps2_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps2,' .\\D.: ','... ')
self.ps_out_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps_out,'Out[\\#]: ','')
self.color_table = PromptColors
self.prompt1 = Prompt1(self,sep=input_sep,prompt=self.ps1_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt2 = Prompt2(self,prompt=self.ps2_str,pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt_out = PromptOut(self,sep='',prompt=self.ps_out_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.set_colors(colors)
# other more normal stuff
# b/c each call to the In[] prompt raises it by 1, even the first.
self.prompt_count = 0
# Store the last prompt string each time, we need it for aligning
# continuation and auto-rewrite prompts
self.last_prompt = ''
self.Pprint = Pprint
self.output_sep = output_sep
self.output_sep2 = output_sep2
self._,self.__,self.___ = '','',''
self.pprint_types = map(type,[(),[],{}])
# these are deliberately global:
to_user_ns = {'_':self._,'__':self.__,'___':self.___}
self.user_ns.update(to_user_ns)
def edit(self, parameter_s='',last_call=['','']):
"""Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
Usage:
%edit [options] [args]
%edit runs IPython's editor hook. The default version of this hook is
set to call the editor specified by your $EDITOR environment variable.
If this isn't found, it will default to vi under Linux/Unix and to
notepad under Windows. See the end of this docstring for how to change
the editor hook.
You can also set the value of this editor via the
``TerminalInteractiveShell.editor`` option in your configuration file.
This is useful if you wish to use a different editor from your typical
default with IPython (and for Windows users who typically don't set
environment variables).
This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
your IPython session.
If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
close it (don't forget to save it!).
Options:
-n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number. By default,
the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
syntax.
-p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
was.
-r: use 'raw' input. This option only applies to input taken from the
user's history. By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python. If
this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
used instead. When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
IPython's own processor.
-x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
Arguments:
If arguments are given, the following possibilities exist:
- If the argument is a filename, IPython will load that into the
editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
- The arguments are ranges of input history, e.g. "7 ~1/4-6".
The syntax is the same as in the %history magic.
- If the argument is a string variable, its contents are loaded
into the editor. You can thus edit any string which contains
python code (including the result of previous edits).
- If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
- If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
'+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
(X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
the output.
Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
then modifying it. First, start up the editor::
In [1]: edit
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
Out[1]: 'def foo():\\n print "foo() was defined in an editing
session"\\n'
We can then call the function foo()::
In [2]: foo()
foo() was defined in an editing session
Now we edit foo. IPython automatically loads the editor with the
(temporary) file where foo() was previously defined::
In [3]: edit foo
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
And if we call foo() again we get the modified version::
In [4]: foo()
foo() has now been changed!
Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
times. First we call the editor::
In [5]: edit
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello
Out[5]: "print 'hello'\\n"
Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _)::
In [6]: edit _
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello world
Out[6]: "print 'hello world'\\n"
Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8])::
In [7]: edit _8
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello again
Out[7]: "print 'hello again'\\n"
Changing the default editor hook:
If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
configuration file which you load at startup time. The default hook
is defined in the IPython.core.hooks module, and you can use that as a
starting example for further modifications. That file also has
general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
defined it."""
opts,args = self.parse_options(parameter_s,'prxn:')
try:
filename, lineno, is_temp = self._find_edit_target(self.shell,
args, opts, last_call)
except MacroToEdit as e:
self._edit_macro(args, e.args[0])
return
except InteractivelyDefined as e:
print "Editing In[%i]" % e.index
args = str(e.index)
filename, lineno, is_temp = self._find_edit_target(self.shell,
args, opts, last_call)
if filename is None:
# nothing was found, warnings have already been issued,
# just give up.
return
# do actual editing here
print 'Editing...',
sys.stdout.flush()
try:
# Quote filenames that may have spaces in them
if ' ' in filename:
filename = "'%s'" % filename
self.shell.hooks.editor(filename,lineno)
except TryNext:
warn('Could not open editor')
return
# XXX TODO: should this be generalized for all string vars?
# For now, this is special-cased to blocks created by cpaste
if args.strip() == 'pasted_block':
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
self.shell.user_ns['pasted_block'] = f.read()
if 'x' in opts: # -x prevents actual execution
print
else:
print 'done. Executing edited code...'
with preserve_keys(self.shell.user_ns, '__file__'):
if not is_temp:
self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = filename
if 'r' in opts: # Untranslated IPython code
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
source = f.read()
self.shell.run_cell(source, store_history=False)
else:
self.shell.safe_execfile(filename, self.shell.user_ns,
self.shell.user_ns)
if is_temp:
try:
return open(filename).read()
except IOError as msg:
if msg.filename == filename:
warn('File not found. Did you forget to save?')
return
else:
self.shell.showtraceback()
def _find_edit_target(shell, args, opts, last_call):
"""Utility method used by magic_edit to find what to edit."""
def make_filename(arg):
"Make a filename from the given args"
arg = unquote_filename(arg)
try:
filename = get_py_filename(arg)
except IOError:
# If it ends with .py but doesn't already exist, assume we want
# a new file.
if arg.endswith('.py'):
filename = arg
else:
filename = None
return filename
# Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
opts_prev = 'p' in opts
opts_raw = 'r' in opts
# custom exceptions
class DataIsObject(Exception): pass
# Default line number value
lineno = opts.get('n',None)
if opts_prev:
args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
if args not in shell.user_ns:
args = last_call[1]
# by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
# arg is a filename
use_temp = True
data = ''
# First, see if the arguments should be a filename.
filename = make_filename(args)
if filename:
use_temp = False
elif args:
# Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
data = shell.extract_input_lines(args, opts_raw)
if not data:
try:
# Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
# process it as an object instead (below)
#print '*** args',args,'type',type(args) # dbg
data = eval(args, shell.user_ns)
if not isinstance(data, basestring):
raise DataIsObject
except (NameError,SyntaxError):
# given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
filename = make_filename(args)
if filename is None:
warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
"or as a filename." % args)
return (None, None, None)
use_temp = False
except DataIsObject:
# macros have a special edit function
if isinstance(data, Macro):
raise MacroToEdit(data)
# For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
filename = find_file(data)
if filename:
if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and \
inspect.isclass(data):
# class created by %edit? Try to find source
# by looking for method definitions instead, the
# __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
for attr in attrs:
if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
continue
filename = find_file(attr)
if filename and \
'fakemodule' not in filename.lower():
# change the attribute to be the edit
# target instead
data = attr
break
m = ipython_input_pat.match(os.path.basename(filename))
if m:
raise InteractivelyDefined(int(m.groups()[0]))
datafile = 1
if filename is None:
filename = make_filename(args)
datafile = 1
if filename is not None:
# only warn about this if we get a real name
warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args, filename))
# Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was
# in a temp file it's gone by now).
if datafile:
if lineno is None:
lineno = find_source_lines(data)
if lineno is None:
filename = make_filename(args)
if filename is None:
warn('The file where `%s` was defined '
'cannot be read or found.' % data)
return (None, None, None)
use_temp = False
if use_temp:
filename = shell.mktempfile(data)
print 'IPython will make a temporary file named:',filename
# use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
# let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
try:
last_call[0] = shell.displayhook.prompt_count
if not opts_prev:
last_call[1] = args
except:
pass
return filename, lineno, use_temp
def xmode_switch_err(name):
warn('Error changing %s exception modes.\n%s' %
(name, sys.exc_info()[1]))
def _deprecated_disable():
warn("This function is deprecated: use disable_gui() instead")
inputhook_manager.disable_gui()
def run(self, parameter_s='', runner=None, file_finder=get_py_filename):
"""Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
Usage:\\
%run [-n -i -t [-N<N>] -d [-b<N>] -p [profile options]] file [args]
Parameters after the filename are passed as command-line arguments to
the program (put in sys.argv). Then, control returns to IPython's
prompt.
This is similar to running at a system prompt:\\
$ python file args\\
but with the advantage of giving you IPython's tracebacks, and of
loading all variables into your interactive namespace for further use
(unless -p is used, see below).
The file is executed in a namespace initially consisting only of
__name__=='__main__' and sys.argv constructed as indicated. It thus
sees its environment as if it were being run as a stand-alone program
(except for sharing global objects such as previously imported
modules). But after execution, the IPython interactive namespace gets
updated with all variables defined in the program (except for __name__
and sys.argv). This allows for very convenient loading of code for
interactive work, while giving each program a 'clean sheet' to run in.
Options:
-n: __name__ is NOT set to '__main__', but to the running file's name
without extension (as python does under import). This allows running
scripts and reloading the definitions in them without calling code
protected by an ' if __name__ == "__main__" ' clause.
-i: run the file in IPython's namespace instead of an empty one. This
is useful if you are experimenting with code written in a text editor
which depends on variables defined interactively.
-e: ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the script
being run. This is particularly useful if IPython is being used to
run unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call. In such
cases you are interested in the output of the test results, not in
seeing a traceback of the unittest module.
-t: print timing information at the end of the run. IPython will give
you an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which under
Unix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems of
time.clock(). Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasks
is also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).
If -t is given, an additional -N<N> option can be given, where <N>
must be an integer indicating how many times you want the script to
run. The final timing report will include total and per run results.
For example (testing the script uniq_stable.py)::
In [1]: run -t uniq_stable
IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
User : 0.19597 s.\\
System: 0.0 s.\\
In [2]: run -t -N5 uniq_stable
IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
Total runs performed: 5\\
Times : Total Per run\\
User : 0.910862 s, 0.1821724 s.\\
System: 0.0 s, 0.0 s.
-d: run your program under the control of pdb, the Python debugger.
This allows you to execute your program step by step, watch variables,
etc. Internally, what IPython does is similar to calling:
pdb.run('execfile("YOURFILENAME")')
with a breakpoint set on line 1 of your file. You can change the line
number for this automatic breakpoint to be <N> by using the -bN option
(where N must be an integer). For example::
%run -d -b40 myscript
will set the first breakpoint at line 40 in myscript.py. Note that
the first breakpoint must be set on a line which actually does
something (not a comment or docstring) for it to stop execution.
When the pdb debugger starts, you will see a (Pdb) prompt. You must
first enter 'c' (without quotes) to start execution up to the first
breakpoint.
Entering 'help' gives information about the use of the debugger. You
can easily see pdb's full documentation with "import pdb;pdb.help()"
at a prompt.
-p: run program under the control of the Python profiler module (which
prints a detailed report of execution times, function calls, etc).
You can pass other options after -p which affect the behavior of the
profiler itself. See the docs for %prun for details.
In this mode, the program's variables do NOT propagate back to the
IPython interactive namespace (because they remain in the namespace
where the profiler executes them).
Internally this triggers a call to %prun, see its documentation for
details on the options available specifically for profiling.
There is one special usage for which the text above doesn't apply:
if the filename ends with .ipy, the file is run as ipython script,
just as if the commands were written on IPython prompt.
-m: specify module name to load instead of script path. Similar to
the -m option for the python interpreter. Use this option last if you
want to combine with other %run options. Unlike the python interpreter
only source modules are allowed no .pyc or .pyo files.
For example::
%run -m example
will run the example module.
"""
# get arguments and set sys.argv for program to be run.
opts, arg_lst = self.parse_options(parameter_s,
'nidtN:b:pD:l:rs:T:em:',
mode='list',
list_all=1)
if "m" in opts:
modulename = opts["m"][0]
modpath = find_mod(modulename)
if modpath is None:
warn('%r is not a valid modulename on sys.path' % modulename)
return
arg_lst = [modpath] + arg_lst
try:
filename = file_finder(arg_lst[0])
except IndexError:
warn('you must provide at least a filename.')
print '\n%run:\n', oinspect.getdoc(self.run)
return
except IOError as e:
try:
msg = str(e)
except UnicodeError:
msg = e.message
error(msg)
return
if filename.lower().endswith('.ipy'):
self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(filename)
return
# Control the response to exit() calls made by the script being run
exit_ignore = 'e' in opts
# Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
# were run from a system shell.
save_argv = sys.argv # save it for later restoring
# simulate shell expansion on arguments, at least tilde expansion
args = [os.path.expanduser(a) for a in arg_lst[1:]]
sys.argv = [filename] + args # put in the proper filename
# protect sys.argv from potential unicode strings on Python 2:
if not py3compat.PY3:
sys.argv = [py3compat.cast_bytes(a) for a in sys.argv]
if 'i' in opts:
# Run in user's interactive namespace
prog_ns = self.shell.user_ns
__name__save = self.shell.user_ns['__name__']
prog_ns['__name__'] = '__main__'
main_mod = self.shell.new_main_mod(prog_ns)
else:
# Run in a fresh, empty namespace
if 'n' in opts:
name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
else:
name = '__main__'
main_mod = self.shell.new_main_mod()
prog_ns = main_mod.__dict__
prog_ns['__name__'] = name
# Since '%run foo' emulates 'python foo.py' at the cmd line, we must
# set the __file__ global in the script's namespace
prog_ns['__file__'] = filename
# pickle fix. See interactiveshell for an explanation. But we need to
# make sure that, if we overwrite __main__, we replace it at the end
main_mod_name = prog_ns['__name__']
if main_mod_name == '__main__':
restore_main = sys.modules['__main__']
else:
restore_main = False
# This needs to be undone at the end to prevent holding references to
# every single object ever created.
sys.modules[main_mod_name] = main_mod
try:
stats = None
with self.shell.readline_no_record:
if 'p' in opts:
stats = self.prun('', None, False, opts, arg_lst, prog_ns)
else:
if 'd' in opts:
deb = debugger.Pdb(self.shell.colors)
# reset Breakpoint state, which is moronically kept
# in a class
bdb.Breakpoint.next = 1
bdb.Breakpoint.bplist = {}
bdb.Breakpoint.bpbynumber = [None]
# Set an initial breakpoint to stop execution
maxtries = 10
bp = int(opts.get('b', [1])[0])
checkline = deb.checkline(filename, bp)
if not checkline:
for bp in range(bp + 1, bp + maxtries + 1):
if deb.checkline(filename, bp):
break
else:
msg = (
"\nI failed to find a valid line to set "
"a breakpoint\n"
"after trying up to line: %s.\n"
"Please set a valid breakpoint manually "
"with the -b option." % bp)
error(msg)
return
# if we find a good linenumber, set the breakpoint
deb.do_break('%s:%s' % (filename, bp))
# Start file run
print "NOTE: Enter 'c' at the",
print "%s prompt to start your script." % deb.prompt
ns = {
'execfile': py3compat.execfile,
'prog_ns': prog_ns
}
try:
deb.run('execfile("%s", prog_ns)' % filename, ns)
except:
etype, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
# Skip three frames in the traceback: the %run one,
# one inside bdb.py, and the command-line typed by the
# user (run by exec in pdb itself).
self.shell.InteractiveTB(etype,
value,
tb,
tb_offset=3)
else:
if runner is None:
runner = self.default_runner
if runner is None:
runner = self.shell.safe_execfile
if 't' in opts:
# timed execution
try:
nruns = int(opts['N'][0])
if nruns < 1:
error('Number of runs must be >=1')
return
except (KeyError):
nruns = 1
twall0 = time.time()
if nruns == 1:
t0 = clock2()
runner(filename,
prog_ns,
prog_ns,
exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
t1 = clock2()
t_usr = t1[0] - t0[0]
t_sys = t1[1] - t0[1]
print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
print " User : %10.2f s." % t_usr
print " System : %10.2f s." % t_sys
else:
runs = range(nruns)
t0 = clock2()
for nr in runs:
runner(filename,
prog_ns,
prog_ns,
exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
t1 = clock2()
t_usr = t1[0] - t0[0]
t_sys = t1[1] - t0[1]
print "\nIPython CPU timings (estimated):"
print "Total runs performed:", nruns
print " Times : %10.2f %10.2f" % (
'Total', 'Per run')
print " User : %10.2f s, %10.2f s." % (
t_usr, t_usr / nruns)
print " System : %10.2f s, %10.2f s." % (
t_sys, t_sys / nruns)
twall1 = time.time()
print "Wall time: %10.2f s." % (twall1 - twall0)
else:
# regular execution
runner(filename,
prog_ns,
prog_ns,
exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
if 'i' in opts:
self.shell.user_ns['__name__'] = __name__save
else:
# The shell MUST hold a reference to prog_ns so after %run
# exits, the python deletion mechanism doesn't zero it out
# (leaving dangling references).
self.shell.cache_main_mod(prog_ns, filename)
# update IPython interactive namespace
# Some forms of read errors on the file may mean the
# __name__ key was never set; using pop we don't have to
# worry about a possible KeyError.
prog_ns.pop('__name__', None)
self.shell.user_ns.update(prog_ns)
finally:
# It's a bit of a mystery why, but __builtins__ can change from
# being a module to becoming a dict missing some key data after
# %run. As best I can see, this is NOT something IPython is doing
# at all, and similar problems have been reported before:
# http://coding.derkeiler.com/Archive/Python/comp.lang.python/2004-10/0188.html
# Since this seems to be done by the interpreter itself, the best
# we can do is to at least restore __builtins__ for the user on
# exit.
self.shell.user_ns['__builtins__'] = builtin_mod
# Ensure key global structures are restored
sys.argv = save_argv
if restore_main:
sys.modules['__main__'] = restore_main
else:
# Remove from sys.modules the reference to main_mod we'd
# added. Otherwise it will trap references to objects
# contained therein.
del sys.modules[main_mod_name]
return stats
def colors(self, parameter_s=''):
"""Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers.
Currently implemented schemes: NoColor, Linux, LightBG.
Color scheme names are not case-sensitive.
Examples
--------
To get a plain black and white terminal::
%colors nocolor
"""
def color_switch_err(name):
warn('Error changing %s color schemes.\n%s' %
(name, sys.exc_info()[1]))
new_scheme = parameter_s.strip()
if not new_scheme:
raise UsageError(
"%colors: you must specify a color scheme. See '%colors?'")
# local shortcut
shell = self.shell
import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
if not shell.colors_force and \
not readline.have_readline and \
(sys.platform == "win32" or sys.platform == "cli"):
msg = """\
Proper color support under MS Windows requires the pyreadline library.
You can find it at:
http://ipython.org/pyreadline.html
Gary's readline needs the ctypes module, from:
http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes
(Note that ctypes is already part of Python versions 2.5 and newer).
Defaulting color scheme to 'NoColor'"""
new_scheme = 'NoColor'
warn(msg)
# readline option is 0
if not shell.colors_force and not shell.has_readline:
new_scheme = 'NoColor'
# Set prompt colors
try:
shell.prompt_manager.color_scheme = new_scheme
except:
color_switch_err('prompt')
else:
shell.colors = \
shell.prompt_manager.color_scheme_table.active_scheme_name
# Set exception colors
try:
shell.InteractiveTB.set_colors(scheme=new_scheme)
shell.SyntaxTB.set_colors(scheme=new_scheme)
except:
color_switch_err('exception')
# Set info (for 'object?') colors
if shell.color_info:
try:
shell.inspector.set_active_scheme(new_scheme)
except:
color_switch_err('object inspector')
else:
shell.inspector.set_active_scheme('NoColor')
def magic_edit(self, parameter_s='', last_call=['', '']):
"""Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code.
Usage:
%edit [options] [args]
%edit runs IPython's editor hook. The default version of this hook is
set to call the __IPYTHON__.rc.editor command. This is read from your
environment variable $EDITOR. If this isn't found, it will default to
vi under Linux/Unix and to notepad under Windows. See the end of this
docstring for how to change the editor hook.
You can also set the value of this editor via the command line option
'-editor' or in your ipythonrc file. This is useful if you wish to use
specifically for IPython an editor different from your typical default
(and for Windows users who typically don't set environment variables).
This command allows you to conveniently edit multi-line code right in
your IPython session.
If called without arguments, %edit opens up an empty editor with a
temporary file and will execute the contents of this file when you
close it (don't forget to save it!).
Options:
-n <number>: open the editor at a specified line number. By default,
the IPython editor hook uses the unix syntax 'editor +N filename', but
you can configure this by providing your own modified hook if your
favorite editor supports line-number specifications with a different
syntax.
-p: this will call the editor with the same data as the previous time
it was used, regardless of how long ago (in your current session) it
was.
-r: use 'raw' input. This option only applies to input taken from the
user's history. By default, the 'processed' history is used, so that
magics are loaded in their transformed version to valid Python. If
this option is given, the raw input as typed as the command line is
used instead. When you exit the editor, it will be executed by
IPython's own processor.
-x: do not execute the edited code immediately upon exit. This is
mainly useful if you are editing programs which need to be called with
command line arguments, which you can then do using %run.
Arguments:
If arguments are given, the following possibilites exist:
- The arguments are numbers or pairs of colon-separated numbers (like
1 4:8 9). These are interpreted as lines of previous input to be
loaded into the editor. The syntax is the same of the %macro command.
- If the argument doesn't start with a number, it is evaluated as a
variable and its contents loaded into the editor. You can thus edit
any string which contains python code (including the result of
previous edits).
- If the argument is the name of an object (other than a string),
IPython will try to locate the file where it was defined and open the
editor at the point where it is defined. You can use `%edit function`
to load an editor exactly at the point where 'function' is defined,
edit it and have the file be executed automatically.
If the object is a macro (see %macro for details), this opens up your
specified editor with a temporary file containing the macro's data.
Upon exit, the macro is reloaded with the contents of the file.
Note: opening at an exact line is only supported under Unix, and some
editors (like kedit and gedit up to Gnome 2.8) do not understand the
'+NUMBER' parameter necessary for this feature. Good editors like
(X)Emacs, vi, jed, pico and joe all do.
- If the argument is not found as a variable, IPython will look for a
file with that name (adding .py if necessary) and load it into the
editor. It will execute its contents with execfile() when you exit,
loading any code in the file into your interactive namespace.
After executing your code, %edit will return as output the code you
typed in the editor (except when it was an existing file). This way
you can reload the code in further invocations of %edit as a variable,
via _<NUMBER> or Out[<NUMBER>], where <NUMBER> is the prompt number of
the output.
Note that %edit is also available through the alias %ed.
This is an example of creating a simple function inside the editor and
then modifying it. First, start up the editor:
In [1]: ed
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
Out[1]: 'def foo():n print "foo() was defined in an editing session"n'
We can then call the function foo():
In [2]: foo()
foo() was defined in an editing session
Now we edit foo. IPython automatically loads the editor with the
(temporary) file where foo() was previously defined:
In [3]: ed foo
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
And if we call foo() again we get the modified version:
In [4]: foo()
foo() has now been changed!
Here is an example of how to edit a code snippet successive
times. First we call the editor:
In [5]: ed
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello
Out[5]: "print 'hello'n"
Now we call it again with the previous output (stored in _):
In [6]: ed _
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello world
Out[6]: "print 'hello world'n"
Now we call it with the output #8 (stored in _8, also as Out[8]):
In [7]: ed _8
Editing... done. Executing edited code...
hello again
Out[7]: "print 'hello again'n"
Changing the default editor hook:
If you wish to write your own editor hook, you can put it in a
configuration file which you load at startup time. The default hook
is defined in the IPython.core.hooks module, and you can use that as a
starting example for further modifications. That file also has
general instructions on how to set a new hook for use once you've
defined it."""
# FIXME: This function has become a convoluted mess. It needs a
# ground-up rewrite with clean, simple logic.
def make_filename(arg):
"Make a filename from the given args"
try:
filename = get_py_filename(arg)
except IOError:
if args.endswith('.py'):
filename = arg
else:
filename = None
return filename
# custom exceptions
class DataIsObject(Exception):
pass
opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s, 'prn:')
# Set a few locals from the options for convenience:
opts_p = opts.has_key('p')
opts_r = opts.has_key('r')
# Default line number value
lineno = opts.get('n', None)
if lineno is not None:
try:
lineno = int(lineno)
except:
warn("The -n argument must be an integer.")
return
if opts_p:
args = '_%s' % last_call[0]
if not self.shell.user_ns.has_key(args):
args = last_call[1]
# use last_call to remember the state of the previous call, but don't
# let it be clobbered by successive '-p' calls.
try:
last_call[0] = self.shell.displayhook.prompt_count
if not opts_p:
last_call[1] = parameter_s
except:
pass
# by default this is done with temp files, except when the given
# arg is a filename
use_temp = True
data = ''
if args[0].isdigit():
# Mode where user specifies ranges of lines, like in %macro.
# This means that you can't edit files whose names begin with
# numbers this way. Tough.
ranges = args.split()
data = ''.join(self.extract_input_slices(ranges, opts_r))
elif args.endswith('.py'):
filename = make_filename(args)
use_temp = False
elif args:
try:
# Load the parameter given as a variable. If not a string,
# process it as an object instead (below)
#print '*** args',args,'type',type(args) # dbg
data = eval(args, self.shell.user_ns)
if not isinstance(data, basestring):
raise DataIsObject
except (NameError, SyntaxError):
# given argument is not a variable, try as a filename
filename = make_filename(args)
if filename is None:
warn("Argument given (%s) can't be found as a variable "
"or as a filename." % args)
return
use_temp = False
except DataIsObject:
# macros have a special edit function
if isinstance(data, Macro):
self._edit_macro(args, data)
return
# For objects, try to edit the file where they are defined
try:
filename = inspect.getabsfile(data)
if 'fakemodule' in filename.lower() and inspect.isclass(
data):
# class created by %edit? Try to find source
# by looking for method definitions instead, the
# __module__ in those classes is FakeModule.
attrs = [getattr(data, aname) for aname in dir(data)]
for attr in attrs:
if not inspect.ismethod(attr):
continue
filename = inspect.getabsfile(attr)
if filename and 'fakemodule' not in filename.lower(
):
# change the attribute to be the edit target instead
data = attr
break
datafile = 1
except TypeError:
filename = make_filename(args)
datafile = 1
warn('Could not find file where `%s` is defined.\n'
'Opening a file named `%s`' % (args, filename))
# Now, make sure we can actually read the source (if it was in
# a temp file it's gone by now).
if datafile:
try:
if lineno is None:
lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(data)[1]
except IOError:
filename = make_filename(args)
if filename is None:
warn('The file `%s` where `%s` was defined cannot '
'be read.' % (filename, data))
return
use_temp = False
if use_temp:
filename = self.shell.mktempfile(data)
print('IPython will make a temporary file named:', filename)
# Make sure we send to the client an absolute path, in case the working
# directory of client and kernel don't match
filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
payload = {
'source': 'IPython.zmq.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell.edit_magic',
'filename': filename,
'line_number': lineno
}
self.payload_manager.write_payload(payload)
def interact(self, display_banner=None):
"""Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
# batch run -> do not interact
if self.exit_now:
return
if display_banner is None:
display_banner = self.display_banner
if display_banner:
self.show_banner()
more = False
# Mark activity in the builtins
__builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] += 1
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
# exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
# ask_exit callback.
while not self.exit_now:
self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
if more:
try:
prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(True)
except:
self.showtraceback()
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = True
else:
try:
prompt = self.hooks.generate_prompt(False)
except:
self.showtraceback()
try:
line = self.raw_input(prompt)
if self.exit_now:
# quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
break
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
#double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
try:
self.write('\nKeyboardInterrupt\n')
self.input_splitter.reset()
more = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
except EOFError:
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(None)
self.write('\n')
self.exit()
except bdb.BdbQuit:
warn(
'The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
'IPython will resume normal operation.')
except:
# exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
# asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
self.showtraceback()
else:
self.input_splitter.push(line)
more = self.input_splitter.push_accepts_more()
if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and self.autoedit_syntax):
self.edit_syntax_error()
if not more:
source_raw = self.input_splitter.source_raw_reset()[1]
self.run_cell(source_raw)
# We are off again...
__builtin__.__dict__['__IPYTHON__active'] -= 1
# Turn off the exit flag, so the mainloop can be restarted if desired
self.exit_now = False
def enable_toolkit(app=None):
warn("This function is deprecated - use enable_gui(%r) instead" % name)
inputhook_manager.enable_gui(name, app)
def _pylab_changed(self, name, old, new):
"""Replace --pylab='inline' with --pylab='auto'"""
if new == 'inline':
warn.warn("'inline' not available as pylab backend, "
"using 'auto' instead.")
self.pylab = 'auto'
def load_config(self, argv=None, aliases=None, flags=None):
"""Parse the configuration and generate the Config object.
After loading, any arguments that are not key-value or
flags will be stored in self.extra_args - a list of
unparsed command-line arguments. This is used for
arguments such as input files or subcommands.
Parameters
----------
argv : list, optional
A list that has the form of sys.argv[1:] which has unicode
elements of the form u"key=value". If this is None (default),
then self.argv will be used.
aliases : dict
A dict of aliases for configurable traits.
Keys are the short aliases, Values are the resolved trait.
Of the form: `{'alias' : 'Configurable.trait'}`
flags : dict
A dict of flags, keyed by str name. Values can be Config objects
or dicts. When the flag is triggered, The config is loaded as
`self.config.update(cfg)`.
"""
from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
self.clear()
if argv is None:
argv = self.argv
if aliases is None:
aliases = self.aliases
if flags is None:
flags = self.flags
# ensure argv is a list of unicode strings:
uargv = self._decode_argv(argv)
for idx, raw in enumerate(uargv):
# strip leading '-'
item = raw.lstrip('-')
if raw == '--':
# don't parse arguments after '--'
# this is useful for relaying arguments to scripts, e.g.
# ipython -i foo.py --pylab=qt -- args after '--' go-to-foo.py
self.extra_args.extend(uargv[idx + 1:])
break
if kv_pattern.match(raw):
lhs, rhs = item.split('=', 1)
# Substitute longnames for aliases.
if lhs in aliases:
lhs = aliases[lhs]
if '.' not in lhs:
# probably a mistyped alias, but not technically illegal
warn.warn(
"Unrecognized alias: '%s', it will probably have no effect."
% lhs)
try:
self._exec_config_str(lhs, rhs)
except Exception:
raise ArgumentError("Invalid argument: '%s'" % raw)
elif flag_pattern.match(raw):
if item in flags:
cfg, help = flags[item]
self._load_flag(cfg)
else:
raise ArgumentError("Unrecognized flag: '%s'" % raw)
elif raw.startswith('-'):
kv = '--' + item
if kv_pattern.match(kv):
raise ArgumentError(
"Invalid argument: '%s', did you mean '%s'?" %
(raw, kv))
else:
raise ArgumentError("Invalid argument: '%s'" % raw)
else:
# keep all args that aren't valid in a list,
# in case our parent knows what to do with them.
self.extra_args.append(item)
return self.config
def __init__(self,
shell=None,
cache_size=1000,
colors='NoColor',
input_sep='\n',
output_sep='\n',
output_sep2='',
ps1=None,
ps2=None,
ps_out=None,
pad_left=True,
config=None):
super(DisplayHook, self).__init__(shell=shell, config=config)
cache_size_min = 3
if cache_size <= 0:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
elif cache_size < cache_size_min:
self.do_full_cache = 0
cache_size = 0
warn('caching was disabled (min value for cache size is %s).' %
cache_size_min,
level=3)
else:
self.do_full_cache = 1
self.cache_size = cache_size
self.input_sep = input_sep
# we need a reference to the user-level namespace
self.shell = shell
# Set input prompt strings and colors
if cache_size == 0:
if ps1.find('%n') > -1 or ps1.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps1.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps1 = '>>> '
if ps2.find('%n') > -1 or ps2.find(r'\#') > -1 \
or ps2.find(r'\N') > -1:
ps2 = '... '
self.ps1_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps1, 'In [\\#]: ', '>>> ')
self.ps2_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps2, ' .\\D.: ', '... ')
self.ps_out_str = self._set_prompt_str(ps_out, 'Out[\\#]: ', '')
self.color_table = prompts.PromptColors
self.prompt1 = prompts.Prompt1(self,
sep=input_sep,
prompt=self.ps1_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt2 = prompts.Prompt2(self,
prompt=self.ps2_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.prompt_out = prompts.PromptOut(self,
sep='',
prompt=self.ps_out_str,
pad_left=pad_left)
self.set_colors(colors)
# Store the last prompt string each time, we need it for aligning
# continuation and auto-rewrite prompts
self.last_prompt = ''
self.output_sep = output_sep
self.output_sep2 = output_sep2
self._, self.__, self.___ = '', '', ''
# these are deliberately global:
to_user_ns = {'_': self._, '__': self.__, '___': self.___}
self.shell.user_ns.update(to_user_ns)
def make_exclude():
"""Make patterns of modules and packages to exclude from testing.
For the IPythonDoctest plugin, we need to exclude certain patterns that
cause testing problems. We should strive to minimize the number of
skipped modules, since this means untested code.
These modules and packages will NOT get scanned by nose at all for tests.
"""
# Simple utility to make IPython paths more readably, we need a lot of
# these below
ipjoin = lambda *paths: pjoin('IPython', *paths)
exclusions = [
ipjoin('external'),
ipjoin('quarantine'),
ipjoin('deathrow'),
# This guy is probably attic material
ipjoin('testing', 'mkdoctests'),
# Testing inputhook will need a lot of thought, to figure out
# how to have tests that don't lock up with the gui event
# loops in the picture
ipjoin('lib', 'inputhook'),
# Config files aren't really importable stand-alone
ipjoin('config', 'profile'),
]
if not have['sqlite3']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('core', 'tests', 'test_history'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('core', 'history'))
if not have['wx']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('lib', 'inputhookwx'))
# We do this unconditionally, so that the test suite doesn't import
# gtk, changing the default encoding and masking some unicode bugs.
exclusions.append(ipjoin('lib', 'inputhookgtk'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('zmq', 'gui', 'gtkembed'))
# These have to be skipped on win32 because the use echo, rm, cd, etc.
# See ticket https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/87
if sys.platform == 'win32':
exclusions.append(ipjoin('testing', 'plugin', 'test_exampleip'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('testing', 'plugin', 'dtexample'))
if not have['pexpect']:
exclusions.extend([
ipjoin('scripts', 'irunner'),
ipjoin('lib', 'irunner'),
ipjoin('lib', 'tests', 'test_irunner'),
ipjoin('frontend', 'terminal', 'console'),
])
if not have['zmq']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('zmq'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'qt'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'html'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'consoleapp.py'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'terminal', 'console'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel'))
elif not have['qt'] or not have['pygments']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'qt'))
if not have['pymongo']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel', 'controller', 'mongodb'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel', 'tests', 'test_mongodb'))
if not have['matplotlib']:
exclusions.extend([
ipjoin('core', 'pylabtools'),
ipjoin('core', 'tests', 'test_pylabtools'),
ipjoin('zmq', 'pylab'),
])
if not have['cython']:
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'cythonmagic')])
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_cythonmagic')])
if not have['tornado']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('frontend', 'html'))
if not have['rpy2'] or not have['numpy']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'rmagic'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_rmagic'))
# This is needed for the reg-exp to match on win32 in the ipdoctest plugin.
if sys.platform == 'win32':
exclusions = [s.replace('\\', '\\\\') for s in exclusions]
# check for any exclusions that don't seem to exist:
parent, _ = os.path.split(get_ipython_package_dir())
for exclusion in exclusions:
fullpath = pjoin(parent, exclusion)
if not os.path.exists(fullpath) and not os.path.exists(fullpath +
'.py'):
warn("Excluding nonexistent file: %r\n" % exclusion)
return exclusions
def magic_history(self, parameter_s=''):
"""Print input history (_i<n> variables), with most recent last.
%history -> print at most 40 inputs (some may be multi-line)\\
%history n -> print at most n inputs\\
%history n1 n2 -> print inputs between n1 and n2 (n2 not included)\\
By default, input history is printed without line numbers so it can be
directly pasted into an editor.
With -n, each input's number <n> is shown, and is accessible as the
automatically generated variable _i<n> as well as In[<n>]. Multi-line
statements are printed starting at a new line for easy copy/paste.
Options:
-n: print line numbers for each input.
This feature is only available if numbered prompts are in use.
-o: also print outputs for each input.
-p: print classic '>>>' python prompts before each input. This is useful
for making documentation, and in conjunction with -o, for producing
doctest-ready output.
-r: (default) print the 'raw' history, i.e. the actual commands you typed.
-t: print the 'translated' history, as IPython understands it. IPython
filters your input and converts it all into valid Python source before
executing it (things like magics or aliases are turned into function
calls, for example). With this option, you'll see the native history
instead of the user-entered version: '%cd /' will be seen as
'get_ipython().magic("%cd /")' instead of '%cd /'.
-g: treat the arg as a pattern to grep for in (full) history.
This includes the "shadow history" (almost all commands ever written).
Use '%hist -g' to show full shadow history (may be very long).
In shadow history, every index nuwber starts with 0.
-f FILENAME: instead of printing the output to the screen, redirect it to
the given file. The file is always overwritten, though IPython asks for
confirmation first if it already exists.
Examples
--------
::
In [6]: %hist -n 4 6
4:a = 12
5:print a**2
"""
if not self.shell.displayhook.do_full_cache:
print('This feature is only available if numbered prompts are in use.')
return
opts, args = self.parse_options(parameter_s, 'gnoptsrf:', mode='list')
# Check if output to specific file was requested.
try:
outfname = opts['f']
except KeyError:
outfile = IPython.utils.io.Term.cout # default
# We don't want to close stdout at the end!
close_at_end = False
else:
if os.path.exists(outfname):
if not ask_yes_no("File %r exists. Overwrite?" % outfname):
print('Aborting.')
return
outfile = open(outfname, 'w')
close_at_end = True
if 't' in opts:
input_hist = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_parsed
elif 'r' in opts:
input_hist = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_raw
else:
# Raw history is the default
input_hist = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_raw
default_length = 40
pattern = None
if 'g' in opts:
init = 1
final = len(input_hist)
parts = parameter_s.split(None, 1)
if len(parts) == 1:
parts += '*'
head, pattern = parts
pattern = "*" + pattern + "*"
elif len(args) == 0:
final = len(input_hist) - 1
init = max(1, final - default_length)
elif len(args) == 1:
final = len(input_hist)
init = max(1, final - int(args[0]))
elif len(args) == 2:
init, final = map(int, args)
else:
warn('%hist takes 0, 1 or 2 arguments separated by spaces.')
print(self.magic_hist.__doc__, file=IPython.utils.io.Term.cout)
return
width = len(str(final))
line_sep = ['', '\n']
print_nums = 'n' in opts
print_outputs = 'o' in opts
pyprompts = 'p' in opts
found = False
if pattern is not None:
sh = self.shell.history_manager.shadowhist.all()
for idx, s in sh:
if fnmatch.fnmatch(s, pattern):
print("0%d: %s" % (idx, s.expandtabs(4)), file=outfile)
found = True
if found:
print("===", file=outfile)
print(
"shadow history ends, fetch by %rep <number> (must start with 0)",
file=outfile)
print("=== start of normal history ===", file=outfile)
for in_num in range(init, final):
# Print user history with tabs expanded to 4 spaces. The GUI clients
# use hard tabs for easier usability in auto-indented code, but we want
# to produce PEP-8 compliant history for safe pasting into an editor.
inline = input_hist[in_num].expandtabs(4).rstrip() + '\n'
if pattern is not None and not fnmatch.fnmatch(inline, pattern):
continue
multiline = int(inline.count('\n') > 1)
if print_nums:
print('%s:%s' % (str(in_num).ljust(width), line_sep[multiline]),
file=outfile)
if pyprompts:
print('>>>', file=outfile)
if multiline:
lines = inline.splitlines()
print('\n... '.join(lines), file=outfile)
print('... ', file=outfile)
else:
print(inline, end='', file=outfile)
else:
print(inline, end='', file=outfile)
if print_outputs:
output = self.shell.history_manager.output_hist.get(in_num)
if output is not None:
print(repr(output), file=outfile)
if close_at_end:
outfile.close()
def run(self, parameter_s='', runner=None, file_finder=get_py_filename):
"""Run the named file inside IPython as a program.
Usage:
%run [-n -i -e -G]
[( -t [-N<N>] | -d [-b<N>] | -p [profile options] )]
( -m mod | file ) [args]
Parameters after the filename are passed as command-line arguments to
the program (put in sys.argv). Then, control returns to IPython's
prompt.
This is similar to running at a system prompt:\\
$ python file args\\
but with the advantage of giving you IPython's tracebacks, and of
loading all variables into your interactive namespace for further use
(unless -p is used, see below).
The file is executed in a namespace initially consisting only of
__name__=='__main__' and sys.argv constructed as indicated. It thus
sees its environment as if it were being run as a stand-alone program
(except for sharing global objects such as previously imported
modules). But after execution, the IPython interactive namespace gets
updated with all variables defined in the program (except for __name__
and sys.argv). This allows for very convenient loading of code for
interactive work, while giving each program a 'clean sheet' to run in.
Arguments are expanded using shell-like glob match. Patterns
'*', '?', '[seq]' and '[!seq]' can be used. Additionally,
tilde '~' will be expanded into user's home directory. Unlike
real shells, quotation does not suppress expansions. Use
*two* back slashes (e.g., '\\\\*') to suppress expansions.
To completely disable these expansions, you can use -G flag.
Options:
-n: __name__ is NOT set to '__main__', but to the running file's name
without extension (as python does under import). This allows running
scripts and reloading the definitions in them without calling code
protected by an ' if __name__ == "__main__" ' clause.
-i: run the file in IPython's namespace instead of an empty one. This
is useful if you are experimenting with code written in a text editor
which depends on variables defined interactively.
-e: ignore sys.exit() calls or SystemExit exceptions in the script
being run. This is particularly useful if IPython is being used to
run unittests, which always exit with a sys.exit() call. In such
cases you are interested in the output of the test results, not in
seeing a traceback of the unittest module.
-t: print timing information at the end of the run. IPython will give
you an estimated CPU time consumption for your script, which under
Unix uses the resource module to avoid the wraparound problems of
time.clock(). Under Unix, an estimate of time spent on system tasks
is also given (for Windows platforms this is reported as 0.0).
If -t is given, an additional -N<N> option can be given, where <N>
must be an integer indicating how many times you want the script to
run. The final timing report will include total and per run results.
For example (testing the script uniq_stable.py)::
In [1]: run -t uniq_stable
IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
User : 0.19597 s.\\
System: 0.0 s.\\
In [2]: run -t -N5 uniq_stable
IPython CPU timings (estimated):\\
Total runs performed: 5\\
Times : Total Per run\\
User : 0.910862 s, 0.1821724 s.\\
System: 0.0 s, 0.0 s.
-d: run your program under the control of pdb, the Python debugger.
This allows you to execute your program step by step, watch variables,
etc. Internally, what IPython does is similar to calling:
pdb.run('execfile("YOURFILENAME")')
with a breakpoint set on line 1 of your file. You can change the line
number for this automatic breakpoint to be <N> by using the -bN option
(where N must be an integer). For example::
%run -d -b40 myscript
will set the first breakpoint at line 40 in myscript.py. Note that
the first breakpoint must be set on a line which actually does
something (not a comment or docstring) for it to stop execution.
Or you can specify a breakpoint in a different file::
%run -d -b myotherfile.py:20 myscript
When the pdb debugger starts, you will see a (Pdb) prompt. You must
first enter 'c' (without quotes) to start execution up to the first
breakpoint.
Entering 'help' gives information about the use of the debugger. You
can easily see pdb's full documentation with "import pdb;pdb.help()"
at a prompt.
-p: run program under the control of the Python profiler module (which
prints a detailed report of execution times, function calls, etc).
You can pass other options after -p which affect the behavior of the
profiler itself. See the docs for %prun for details.
In this mode, the program's variables do NOT propagate back to the
IPython interactive namespace (because they remain in the namespace
where the profiler executes them).
Internally this triggers a call to %prun, see its documentation for
details on the options available specifically for profiling.
There is one special usage for which the text above doesn't apply:
if the filename ends with .ipy, the file is run as ipython script,
just as if the commands were written on IPython prompt.
-m: specify module name to load instead of script path. Similar to
the -m option for the python interpreter. Use this option last if you
want to combine with other %run options. Unlike the python interpreter
only source modules are allowed no .pyc or .pyo files.
For example::
%run -m example
will run the example module.
-G: disable shell-like glob expansion of arguments.
"""
# get arguments and set sys.argv for program to be run.
opts, arg_lst = self.parse_options(parameter_s,
'nidtN:b:pD:l:rs:T:em:G',
mode='list',
list_all=1)
if "m" in opts:
modulename = opts["m"][0]
modpath = find_mod(modulename)
if modpath is None:
warn('%r is not a valid modulename on sys.path' % modulename)
return
arg_lst = [modpath] + arg_lst
try:
filename = file_finder(arg_lst[0])
except IndexError:
warn('you must provide at least a filename.')
print '\n%run:\n', oinspect.getdoc(self.run)
return
except IOError as e:
try:
msg = str(e)
except UnicodeError:
msg = e.message
error(msg)
return
if filename.lower().endswith('.ipy'):
with preserve_keys(self.shell.user_ns, '__file__'):
self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = filename
self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(filename)
return
# Control the response to exit() calls made by the script being run
exit_ignore = 'e' in opts
# Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
# were run from a system shell.
save_argv = sys.argv # save it for later restoring
if 'G' in opts:
args = arg_lst[1:]
else:
# tilde and glob expansion
args = shellglob(map(os.path.expanduser, arg_lst[1:]))
sys.argv = [filename] + args # put in the proper filename
# protect sys.argv from potential unicode strings on Python 2:
if not py3compat.PY3:
sys.argv = [py3compat.cast_bytes(a) for a in sys.argv]
if 'i' in opts:
# Run in user's interactive namespace
prog_ns = self.shell.user_ns
__name__save = self.shell.user_ns['__name__']
prog_ns['__name__'] = '__main__'
main_mod = self.shell.user_module
else:
# Run in a fresh, empty namespace
if 'n' in opts:
name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
else:
name = '__main__'
# The shell MUST hold a reference to prog_ns so after %run
# exits, the python deletion mechanism doesn't zero it out
# (leaving dangling references). See interactiveshell for details
main_mod = self.shell.new_main_mod(filename)
prog_ns = main_mod.__dict__
prog_ns['__name__'] = name
# Since '%run foo' emulates 'python foo.py' at the cmd line, we must
# set the __file__ global in the script's namespace
prog_ns['__file__'] = filename
# pickle fix. See interactiveshell for an explanation. But we need to
# make sure that, if we overwrite __main__, we replace it at the end
main_mod_name = prog_ns['__name__']
if main_mod_name == '__main__':
restore_main = sys.modules['__main__']
else:
restore_main = False
# This needs to be undone at the end to prevent holding references to
# every single object ever created.
sys.modules[main_mod_name] = main_mod
if 'p' in opts or 'd' in opts:
if 'm' in opts:
code = 'run_module(modulename, prog_ns)'
code_ns = {
'run_module': self.shell.safe_run_module,
'prog_ns': prog_ns,
'modulename': modulename,
}
else:
code = 'execfile(filename, prog_ns)'
code_ns = {
'execfile': self.shell.safe_execfile,
'prog_ns': prog_ns,
'filename': get_py_filename(filename),
}
try:
stats = None
with self.shell.readline_no_record:
if 'p' in opts:
stats = self._run_with_profiler(code, opts, code_ns)
else:
if 'd' in opts:
bp_file, bp_line = parse_breakpoint(
opts.get('b', ['1'])[0], filename)
self._run_with_debugger(code, code_ns, filename,
bp_line, bp_file)
else:
if 'm' in opts:
def run():
self.shell.safe_run_module(modulename, prog_ns)
else:
if runner is None:
runner = self.default_runner
if runner is None:
runner = self.shell.safe_execfile
def run():
runner(filename,
prog_ns,
prog_ns,
exit_ignore=exit_ignore)
if 't' in opts:
# timed execution
try:
nruns = int(opts['N'][0])
if nruns < 1:
error('Number of runs must be >=1')
return
except (KeyError):
nruns = 1
self._run_with_timing(run, nruns)
else:
# regular execution
run()
if 'i' in opts:
self.shell.user_ns['__name__'] = __name__save
else:
# update IPython interactive namespace
# Some forms of read errors on the file may mean the
# __name__ key was never set; using pop we don't have to
# worry about a possible KeyError.
prog_ns.pop('__name__', None)
with preserve_keys(self.shell.user_ns, '__file__'):
self.shell.user_ns.update(prog_ns)
finally:
# It's a bit of a mystery why, but __builtins__ can change from
# being a module to becoming a dict missing some key data after
# %run. As best I can see, this is NOT something IPython is doing
# at all, and similar problems have been reported before:
# http://coding.derkeiler.com/Archive/Python/comp.lang.python/2004-10/0188.html
# Since this seems to be done by the interpreter itself, the best
# we can do is to at least restore __builtins__ for the user on
# exit.
self.shell.user_ns['__builtins__'] = builtin_mod
# Ensure key global structures are restored
sys.argv = save_argv
if restore_main:
sys.modules['__main__'] = restore_main
else:
# Remove from sys.modules the reference to main_mod we'd
# added. Otherwise it will trap references to objects
# contained therein.
del sys.modules[main_mod_name]
return stats
def make_exclude():
"""Make patterns of modules and packages to exclude from testing.
For the IPythonDoctest plugin, we need to exclude certain patterns that
cause testing problems. We should strive to minimize the number of
skipped modules, since this means untested code.
These modules and packages will NOT get scanned by nose at all for tests.
"""
# Simple utility to make IPython paths more readably, we need a lot of
# these below
ipjoin = lambda *paths: pjoin('IPython', *paths)
exclusions = [
ipjoin('external'),
ipjoin('quarantine'),
ipjoin('deathrow'),
# This guy is probably attic material
ipjoin('testing', 'mkdoctests'),
# Testing inputhook will need a lot of thought, to figure out
# how to have tests that don't lock up with the gui event
# loops in the picture
ipjoin('lib', 'inputhook'),
# Config files aren't really importable stand-alone
ipjoin('config', 'profile'),
# The notebook 'static' directory contains JS, css and other
# files for web serving. Occasionally projects may put a .py
# file in there (MathJax ships a conf.py), so we might as
# well play it safe and skip the whole thing.
ipjoin('html', 'static'),
ipjoin('html', 'fabfile'),
]
if not have['sqlite3']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('core', 'tests', 'test_history'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('core', 'history'))
if not have['wx']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('lib', 'inputhookwx'))
if 'IPython.kernel.inprocess' not in sys.argv:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('kernel', 'inprocess'))
# FIXME: temporarily disable autoreload tests, as they can produce
# spurious failures in subsequent tests (cythonmagic).
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'autoreload'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_autoreload'))
# We do this unconditionally, so that the test suite doesn't import
# gtk, changing the default encoding and masking some unicode bugs.
exclusions.append(ipjoin('lib', 'inputhookgtk'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('kernel', 'zmq', 'gui', 'gtkembed'))
#Also done unconditionally, exclude nbconvert directories containing
#config files used to test. Executing the config files with iptest would
#cause an exception.
exclusions.append(ipjoin('nbconvert', 'tests', 'files'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('nbconvert', 'exporters', 'tests', 'files'))
# These have to be skipped on win32 because the use echo, rm, cd, etc.
# See ticket https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/87
if sys.platform == 'win32':
exclusions.append(ipjoin('testing', 'plugin', 'test_exampleip'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('testing', 'plugin', 'dtexample'))
if not have['pexpect']:
exclusions.extend([
ipjoin('lib', 'irunner'),
ipjoin('lib', 'tests', 'test_irunner'),
ipjoin('terminal', 'console'),
])
if not have['zmq']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('lib', 'kernel'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('kernel'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('qt'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('html'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('consoleapp.py'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('terminal', 'console'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel'))
elif not have['qt'] or not have['pygments']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('qt'))
if not have['pymongo']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel', 'controller', 'mongodb'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('parallel', 'tests', 'test_mongodb'))
if not have['matplotlib']:
exclusions.extend([
ipjoin('core', 'pylabtools'),
ipjoin('core', 'tests', 'test_pylabtools'),
ipjoin('kernel', 'zmq', 'pylab'),
])
if not have['cython']:
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'cythonmagic')])
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_cythonmagic')])
if not have['oct2py']:
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'octavemagic')])
exclusions.extend([ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_octavemagic')])
if not have['tornado']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('html'))
if not have['jinja2']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('html', 'notebookapp'))
if not have['rpy2'] or not have['numpy']:
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'rmagic'))
exclusions.append(ipjoin('extensions', 'tests', 'test_rmagic'))
if not have['azure']:
exclusions.append(
ipjoin('html', 'services', 'notebooks', 'azurenbmanager'))
if not all((have['pygments'], have['jinja2'], have['sphinx'])):
exclusions.append(ipjoin('nbconvert'))
# This is needed for the reg-exp to match on win32 in the ipdoctest plugin.
if sys.platform == 'win32':
exclusions = [s.replace('\\', '\\\\') for s in exclusions]
# check for any exclusions that don't seem to exist:
parent, _ = os.path.split(get_ipython_package_dir())
for exclusion in exclusions:
if exclusion.endswith(('deathrow', 'quarantine')):
# ignore deathrow/quarantine, which exist in dev, but not install
continue
fullpath = pjoin(parent, exclusion)
if not os.path.exists(fullpath) and not glob.glob(fullpath + '.*'):
warn("Excluding nonexistent file: %r" % exclusion)
return exclusions
def _config_changed(self, name, old, new):
# warn on change of renamed config section
if new.InlineBackendConfig != old.InlineBackendConfig:
warn("InlineBackendConfig has been renamed to InlineBackend")
super(InlineBackend, self)._config_changed(name, old, new)
def logstart(self, parameter_s=''):
"""Start logging anywhere in a session.
%logstart [-o|-r|-t] [log_name [log_mode]]
If no name is given, it defaults to a file named 'ipython_log.py' in your
current directory, in 'rotate' mode (see below).
'%logstart name' saves to file 'name' in 'backup' mode. It saves your
history up to that point and then continues logging.
%logstart takes a second optional parameter: logging mode. This can be one
of (note that the modes are given unquoted):\\
append: well, that says it.\\
backup: rename (if exists) to name~ and start name.\\
global: single logfile in your home dir, appended to.\\
over : overwrite existing log.\\
rotate: create rotating logs name.1~, name.2~, etc.
Options:
-o: log also IPython's output. In this mode, all commands which
generate an Out[NN] prompt are recorded to the logfile, right after
their corresponding input line. The output lines are always
prepended with a '#[Out]# ' marker, so that the log remains valid
Python code.
Since this marker is always the same, filtering only the output from
a log is very easy, using for example a simple awk call::
awk -F'#\\[Out\\]# ' '{if($2) {print $2}}' ipython_log.py
-r: log 'raw' input. Normally, IPython's logs contain the processed
input, so that user lines are logged in their final form, converted
into valid Python. For example, %Exit is logged as
_ip.magic("Exit"). If the -r flag is given, all input is logged
exactly as typed, with no transformations applied.
-t: put timestamps before each input line logged (these are put in
comments)."""
opts, par = self.parse_options(parameter_s, 'ort')
log_output = 'o' in opts
log_raw_input = 'r' in opts
timestamp = 't' in opts
logger = self.shell.logger
# if no args are given, the defaults set in the logger constructor by
# ipython remain valid
if par:
try:
logfname, logmode = par.split()
except:
logfname = par
logmode = 'backup'
else:
logfname = logger.logfname
logmode = logger.logmode
# put logfname into rc struct as if it had been called on the command
# line, so it ends up saved in the log header Save it in case we need
# to restore it...
old_logfile = self.shell.logfile
if logfname:
logfname = os.path.expanduser(logfname)
self.shell.logfile = logfname
loghead = '# IPython log file\n\n'
try:
logger.logstart(logfname, loghead, logmode, log_output, timestamp,
log_raw_input)
except:
self.shell.logfile = old_logfile
warn("Couldn't start log: %s" % sys.exc_info()[1])
else:
# log input history up to this point, optionally interleaving
# output if requested
if timestamp:
# disable timestamping for the previous history, since we've
# lost those already (no time machine here).
logger.timestamp = False
if log_raw_input:
input_hist = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_raw
else:
input_hist = self.shell.history_manager.input_hist_parsed
if log_output:
log_write = logger.log_write
output_hist = self.shell.history_manager.output_hist
for n in range(1, len(input_hist) - 1):
log_write(input_hist[n].rstrip() + '\n')
if n in output_hist:
log_write(str_to_unicode(repr(output_hist[n])),
'output')
else:
logger.log_write('\n'.join(input_hist[1:]))
logger.log_write('\n')
if timestamp:
# re-enable timestamping
logger.timestamp = True
print('Activating auto-logging. '
'Current session state plus future input saved.')
logger.logstate()
def color_switch_err(name):
warn('Error changing %s color schemes.\n%s' %
(name, sys.exc_info()[1]))
def interact(self, display_banner=None):
"""Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
# batch run -> do not interact
if self.exit_now:
return
if display_banner is None:
display_banner = self.display_banner
if isinstance(display_banner, py3compat.string_types):
self.show_banner(display_banner)
elif display_banner:
self.show_banner()
more = False
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
hlen_b4_cell = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
else:
hlen_b4_cell = 0
# exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
# ask_exit callback.
while not self.exit_now:
self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
if more:
try:
prompt = self.prompt_manager.render('in2')
except:
self.showtraceback()
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = True
else:
try:
prompt = self.separate_in + self.prompt_manager.render(
'in')
except:
self.showtraceback()
try:
line = self.raw_input(prompt)
if self.exit_now:
# quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
break
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
#double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
try:
self.write('\n' + self.get_exception_only())
source_raw = self.input_splitter.raw_reset()
hlen_b4_cell = \
self._replace_rlhist_multiline(source_raw, hlen_b4_cell)
more = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
except EOFError:
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(None)
self.write('\n')
self.exit()
except bdb.BdbQuit:
warn(
'The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
'IPython will resume normal operation.')
except:
# exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
# asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
self.showtraceback()
else:
try:
self.input_splitter.push(line)
more = self.input_splitter.push_accepts_more()
except SyntaxError:
# Run the code directly - run_cell takes care of displaying
# the exception.
more = False
if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and self.autoedit_syntax):
self.edit_syntax_error()
if not more:
source_raw = self.input_splitter.raw_reset()
self.run_cell(source_raw, store_history=True)
hlen_b4_cell = \
self._replace_rlhist_multiline(source_raw, hlen_b4_cell)
# Turn off the exit flag, so the mainloop can be restarted if desired
self.exit_now = False
def interact(self, display_banner=None):
"""Closely emulate the interactive Python console."""
# batch run -> do not interact
if self.exit_now:
return
if display_banner is None:
display_banner = self.display_banner
if isinstance(display_banner, string_types):
self.show_banner(display_banner)
elif display_banner:
self.show_banner()
more = False
# run a non-empty no-op, so that we don't get a prompt until
# we know the kernel is ready. This keeps the connection
# message above the first prompt.
if not self.wait_for_kernel(self.kernel_timeout):
error("Kernel did not respond\n")
return
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(self.pre_readline)
hlen_b4_cell = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
else:
hlen_b4_cell = 0
# exit_now is set by a call to %Exit or %Quit, through the
# ask_exit callback.
while not self.exit_now:
if not self.client.is_alive():
# kernel died, prompt for action or exit
action = "restart" if self.manager else "wait for restart"
ans = self.ask_yes_no("kernel died, %s ([y]/n)?" % action, default='y')
if ans:
if self.manager:
self.manager.restart_kernel(True)
self.wait_for_kernel(self.kernel_timeout)
else:
self.exit_now = True
continue
try:
# protect prompt block from KeyboardInterrupt
# when sitting on ctrl-C
self.hooks.pre_prompt_hook()
if more:
try:
prompt = self.prompt_manager.render('in2')
except Exception:
self.showtraceback()
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = True
else:
try:
prompt = self.separate_in + self.prompt_manager.render('in')
except Exception:
self.showtraceback()
line = self.raw_input(prompt)
if self.exit_now:
# quick exit on sys.std[in|out] close
break
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
#double-guard against keyboardinterrupts during kbdint handling
try:
self.write('\n' + self.get_exception_only())
source_raw = self.input_splitter.raw_reset()
hlen_b4_cell = self._replace_rlhist_multiline(source_raw, hlen_b4_cell)
more = False
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
except EOFError:
if self.autoindent:
self.rl_do_indent = False
if self.has_readline:
self.readline_startup_hook(None)
self.write('\n')
self.exit()
except bdb.BdbQuit:
warn('The Python debugger has exited with a BdbQuit exception.\n'
'Because of how pdb handles the stack, it is impossible\n'
'for IPython to properly format this particular exception.\n'
'IPython will resume normal operation.')
except:
# exceptions here are VERY RARE, but they can be triggered
# asynchronously by signal handlers, for example.
self.showtraceback()
else:
try:
self.input_splitter.push(line)
more = self.input_splitter.push_accepts_more()
except SyntaxError:
# Run the code directly - run_cell takes care of displaying
# the exception.
more = False
if (self.SyntaxTB.last_syntax_error and
self.autoedit_syntax):
self.edit_syntax_error()
if not more:
source_raw = self.input_splitter.raw_reset()
hlen_b4_cell = self._replace_rlhist_multiline(source_raw, hlen_b4_cell)
self.run_cell(source_raw)
# Turn off the exit flag, so the mainloop can be restarted if desired
self.exit_now = False
def init_readline(self):
"""Command history completion/saving/reloading."""
if self.readline_use:
import IPython.utils.rlineimpl as readline
self.rl_next_input = None
self.rl_do_indent = False
if not self.readline_use or not readline.have_readline:
self.readline = None
# Set a number of methods that depend on readline to be no-op
self.readline_no_record = NoOpContext()
self.set_readline_completer = no_op
self.set_custom_completer = no_op
if self.readline_use:
warn('Readline services not available or not loaded.')
else:
self.has_readline = True
self.readline = readline
sys.modules['readline'] = readline
# Platform-specific configuration
if os.name == 'nt':
# FIXME - check with Frederick to see if we can harmonize
# naming conventions with pyreadline to avoid this
# platform-dependent check
self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_pre_input_hook
else:
self.readline_startup_hook = readline.set_startup_hook
# Readline config order:
# - IPython config (default value)
# - custom inputrc
# - IPython config (user customized)
# load IPython config before inputrc if default
# skip if libedit because parse_and_bind syntax is different
if not self._custom_readline_config and not readline.uses_libedit:
for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
# Load user's initrc file (readline config)
# Or if libedit is used, load editrc.
inputrc_name = os.environ.get('INPUTRC')
if inputrc_name is None:
inputrc_name = '.inputrc'
if readline.uses_libedit:
inputrc_name = '.editrc'
inputrc_name = os.path.join(self.home_dir, inputrc_name)
if os.path.isfile(inputrc_name):
try:
readline.read_init_file(inputrc_name)
except:
warn('Problems reading readline initialization file <%s>' %
inputrc_name)
# load IPython config after inputrc if user has customized
if self._custom_readline_config:
for rlcommand in self.readline_parse_and_bind:
readline.parse_and_bind(rlcommand)
# Remove some chars from the delimiters list. If we encounter
# unicode chars, discard them.
delims = readline.get_completer_delims()
if not py3compat.PY3:
delims = delims.encode("ascii", "ignore")
for d in self.readline_remove_delims:
delims = delims.replace(d, "")
delims = delims.replace(ESC_MAGIC, '')
readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
# Store these so we can restore them if something like rpy2 modifies
# them.
self.readline_delims = delims
# otherwise we end up with a monster history after a while:
readline.set_history_length(self.history_length)
self.refill_readline_hist()
self.readline_no_record = ReadlineNoRecord(self)
# Configure auto-indent for all platforms
self.set_autoindent(self.autoindent)
def raw_input(self, prompt='', continue_prompt=False):
"""Write a prompt and read a line.
The returned line does not include the trailing newline.
When the user enters the EOF key sequence, EOFError is raised.
Optional inputs:
- prompt(''): a string to be printed to prompt the user.
- continue_prompt(False): whether this line is the first one or a
continuation in a sequence of inputs.
"""
# Code run by the user may have modified the readline completer state.
# We must ensure that our completer is back in place.
if self.has_readline:
self.set_readline_completer()
try:
line = raw_input_original(prompt).decode(self.stdin_encoding)
except ValueError:
warn("\n********\nYou or a %run:ed script called sys.stdin.close()"
" or sys.stdout.close()!\nExiting IPython!")
self.ask_exit()
return ""
# Try to be reasonably smart about not re-indenting pasted input more
# than necessary. We do this by trimming out the auto-indent initial
# spaces, if the user's actual input started itself with whitespace.
if self.autoindent:
if num_ini_spaces(line) > self.indent_current_nsp:
line = line[self.indent_current_nsp:]
self.indent_current_nsp = 0
# store the unfiltered input before the user has any chance to modify
# it.
if line.strip():
if continue_prompt:
if self.has_readline and self.readline_use:
histlen = self.readline.get_current_history_length()
if histlen > 1:
newhist = self.history_manager.input_hist_raw[
-1].rstrip()
self.readline.remove_history_item(histlen - 1)
self.readline.replace_history_item(
histlen - 2, newhist.encode(self.stdin_encoding))
else:
self.history_manager.input_hist_raw.append('%s\n' % line)
elif not continue_prompt:
self.history_manager.input_hist_raw.append('\n')
try:
lineout = self.prefilter_manager.prefilter_lines(
line, continue_prompt)
except:
# blanket except, in case a user-defined prefilter crashes, so it
# can't take all of ipython with it.
self.showtraceback()
return ''
else:
return lineout