def __initiate_buffers(self, number_of_buffers):
"""Generate VAO and VBO buffers."""
self.__vao_id = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(self.__vao_id)
if number_of_buffers == 1:
self.__vbo_id = [glGenBuffers(number_of_buffers)]
elif number_of_buffers > 1:
self.__vbo_id = glGenBuffers(number_of_buffers)
def render(self):
"""Renders the model.
NOTE: The current OpenGL context is used, thus, there *MUST* be one set
up and active before calling this method.
"""
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, self.num_elements, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def draw(self):
"""Binds the vao, binds the texture, draws the vertices."""
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.tex)
if self.mat is not None:
self.mat.bind(self.shader)
glDrawArrays(self.shape, 0, self.leng)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def buff_vertices(verts: list, indes: list=None) -> int:
"""Given a list of vertex-like objects, an optional list of indices, returns a VAO handle.
Format (all should be floats): [[pX, pY, pZ, nX, nY, nZ, cR, cR, cB, tU, tV]] * len."""
vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(vao)
v = vbo.VBO(array(verts, 'f'))
v.bind()
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 44, v)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 44, v+12)
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 44, v+24)
glVertexAttribPointer(3, 2, GL_FLOAT, False, 44, v+36)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(3)
# Maybe you want to include the vertices verbatim? Go for it.
if indes is not None:
ebo = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo)
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, len(indes)*8, array(indes, 'i'), GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glBindVertexArray(0)
return vao
print 'GLSL Version: %s' % (glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION))
print 'Renderer: %s' % (glGetString(GL_RENDERER))
glClearColor(0.95, 1.0, 0.95, 0)
# Lets compile our shaders since the use of shaders is now
# mandatory. We need at least a vertex and fragment shader
# begore we can draw anything
program = ShaderProgram(fragment=fragment, vertex=vertex)
# Lets create a VAO and bind it
# Think of VAO's as object that encapsulate buffer state
# Using a VAO enables you to cut down on calls in your draw
# loop which generally makes things run faster
vao_id = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(vao_id)
# Lets create our Vertex Buffer objects - these are the buffers
# that will contain our per vertex data
vbo_id = glGenBuffers(2)
# Bind a buffer before we can use it
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[0])
# Now go ahead and fill this bound buffer with some data
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
ArrayDatatype.arrayByteCount(vertex_data),
vertex_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# Now specify how the shader program will be receiving this data
# In this case the data from this buffer will be
def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
glBindVertexArray(0)
def __enter__(self):
glBindVertexArray(self._gl_id)
def __init__(self, vertices, indices, normals=None, uvs=None):
"""Constructor.
Creates and initializes corresponding OpenGL objects with given data.
:param vertices: Vertex data, specified as a contiguous list of X,Y,Z
floating point values.
:type vertices: list
:param indices: Indices which identify model faces. The only supported
geometry primitive is the triangle, thus, the size of indices list must
be a multiple of 3.
:type indices: list
:param normals: Normals data, specified as a contiguos list of Xn,Yn,Zn
floating point values. List length must be a multiple of 3.
:type normals: list
:param uvs: List of texture coordinates, specified as a contigous array
of U,V floating pont values.. List length must be a multiple of 2.
:type uvs: list
"""
if len(vertices) < 3 or len(vertices) % 3:
raise ValueError(
'Vertex data must be an array of floats, which length is a '
'positive multiple of 3')
if len(indices) < 3 or len(indices) % 3:
raise ValueError('Indices count must be a positive multiple of 3')
if normals and (len(normals) < 3 or len(normals) % 3):
raise ValueError(
'Normals data must be an array of floats, which length is a '
'positive multiple of 3')
if uvs is not None and len(uvs) % 2:
raise ValueError('UVs count must be a positive multiple of 2')
self.num_elements = len(indices)
# generate vertex array object and make it active
self.vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
# generate buffers
self.buffers = glGenBuffers(2)
vbo, ibo = self.buffers
# initialize vertex buffer
vertex_data = np.array(vertices, np.float32)
# append normals data, if provided
normals_offset = 0
if normals:
normals_offset = vertex_data.nbytes
vertex_data = np.append(vertex_data, np.array(normals, np.float32))
# append UVs data, if provided
uvs_offset = 0
if uvs:
uvs_offset = vertex_data.nbytes
vertex_data = np.append(vertex_data, np.array(uvs, np.float32))
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_data.nbytes,
vertex_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# initialize index buffer
index_data = np.array(indices, np.uint32)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo)
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_data.nbytes,
index_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# specify first attribute as vertex data
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None)
# if provided, specify normals as second attribute
if normals is not None:
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glVertexAttribPointer(
1,
3,
GL_FLOAT,
GL_FALSE,
0,
ctypes.c_void_p(normals_offset))
# if provided, specify UVs as third attribute
if uvs is not None:
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2)
glVertexAttribPointer(
2,
2,
GL_FLOAT,
GL_FALSE,
0,
ctypes.c_void_p(uvs_offset))
# unbind the vertex array object
glBindVertexArray(0)
def clear(self):
"""Unbind all bound entities and clear cache."""
self.__attributes = []
glUseProgram(0)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def use_shaders(self):
"""Switch shaders on."""
glUseProgram(self.__program)
glBindVertexArray(self.__vao_id)
print 'GLSL Version: %s' % (glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION))
print 'Renderer: %s' % (glGetString(GL_RENDERER))
glClearColor(0.95, 1.0, 0.95, 0)
# Lets compile our shaders since the use of shaders is now
# mandatory. We need at least a vertex and fragment shader
# begore we can draw anything
program = ShaderProgram(fragment=fragment, vertex=vertex)
# Lets create a VAO and bind it
# Think of VAO's as object that encapsulate buffer state
# Using a VAO enables you to cut down on calls in your draw
# loop which generally makes things run faster
vao_id = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(vao_id)
# Lets create our Vertex Buffer objects - these are the buffers
# that will contain our per vertex data
vbo_id = glGenBuffers(2)
# Bind a buffer before we can use it
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_id[0])
# Now go ahead and fill this bound buffer with some data
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ArrayDatatype.arrayByteCount(vertex_data),
vertex_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# Now specify how the shader program will be receiving this data
# In this case the data from this buffer will be available in the shader as the vin_position vertex attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(program.attribute_location('vin_position'), 3,
def create_vaos(self) -> None:
"""Bind VAOs to define vertex data."""
self._vao, self._vao_picking, self._vao_outline = glGenVertexArrays(3)
vbo = glGenBuffers(6)
# --- standard viewcube ---
vertices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_float,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
)
indices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_uint,
0,
1,
2,
2,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
5,
0,
0,
5,
6,
6,
1,
0,
1,
6,
7,
7,
2,
1,
7,
4,
3,
3,
2,
7,
4,
7,
6,
6,
5,
4,
)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24,
ctypes.c_void_p(12))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# --- viewcube for picking ---
vertices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_float,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1 front (id = 0)
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 top (id = 1)
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 right (id = 2)
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7 bottom (id = 3)
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7 left (id = 4)
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 back (id = 5)
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
)
colors = np.zeros(72, dtype=np.float32)
colors[::3] = np.arange(6).repeat(4) / 255.0
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_picking)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes, colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# --- outlined face of viewcube ---
border_colors = glm.array.from_numbers(ctypes.c_float, 0.0000, 0.4088,
0.9486).repeat(24)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_outline)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[5])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, border_colors.nbytes, border_colors.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
glBindVertexArray(0)
glDeleteBuffers(6, vbo)
def __init__(self, vertices: np.ndarray):
self.vbo = Buffer().send_vertices(vertices)
self.id = glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(self.id)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vbo.id)
def bind(self):
if self._hnd != VertexArrayObject._BoundVertexArrayObject:
glBindVertexArray(self._hnd)
VertexArrayObject._BoundVertexArrayObject = self._hnd
def unbind(cls):
glBindVertexArray(0)
cls._BoundVertexArrayObject = None