def draw(self, x, y, z=0, angle=0, scale=1):
"""Draws the SVG to screen.
:Parameters
`x` : float
The x-coordinate at which to draw.
`y` : float
The y-coordinate at which to draw.
`z` : float
The z-coordinate at which to draw. Defaults to 0. Note that z-ordering may not
give expected results when transparency is used.
`angle` : float
The angle by which the image should be rotated (in degrees). Defaults to 0.
`scale` : float
The amount by which the image should be scaled, either as a float, or a tuple
of two floats (xscale, yscale).
"""
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(x, y, z)
if angle:
glRotatef(angle, 0, 0, 1)
if scale != 1:
try:
glScalef(scale[0], scale[1], 1)
except TypeError:
glScalef(scale, scale, 1)
if self._a_x or self._a_y:
glTranslatef(-self._a_x, -self._a_y, 0)
glCallList(self.disp_list)
glPopMatrix()
def render(self):
""" renders the item to the screen """
glPushMatrix()
glMultMatrixf(numpy.transpose(self.translation_matrix))
glMultMatrixf(self.scaling_matrix)
glMultMatrixf(self.rotation_matrix)
cur_color = color.COLORS[self.color_index]
glColor3f(cur_color[0], cur_color[1], cur_color[2])
if self.selected: # emit light if the node is selected
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, [0.3, 0.3, 0.3])
self.render_self()
if self.selected:
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
glPopMatrix()
def Draw_model(mode, glpane, superclass): # called by testmode.Draw_model
if env.prefs.get("A9 devel/testdraw/super.Draw first?", True): #070404
glPushMatrix() #k needed??
superclass.Draw_model(mode)
glPopMatrix()
# glpane.part.draw(glpane) # this doesn't draw the model in any different place as when done below... [061211]
return
def drawGrid(self):
grids_per_screen = 10
eye_dist = self.camera_xyz[2]
meters_per_grid = round_to_125(eye_dist / grids_per_screen)
num_lines = 300
glPushAttrib(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_ENABLE_BIT | GL_LINE_BIT)
glEnable(GL_BLEND)
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(0, 0, 0)
glColor3f(0.2, 0.2, 0.2)
glBegin(GL_LINES)
for i in range(num_lines):
glVertex2f((-num_lines / 2 + i) * meters_per_grid,
-num_lines / 2 * meters_per_grid)
glVertex2f((-num_lines / 2 + i) * meters_per_grid,
num_lines / 2 * meters_per_grid)
glVertex2f(-num_lines / 2 * meters_per_grid,
(-num_lines / 2 + i) * meters_per_grid)
glVertex2f(num_lines / 2 * meters_per_grid,
(-num_lines / 2 + i) * meters_per_grid)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
glPopAttrib()
def paint(self):
glPushMatrix()
position = self.player.getPosition()
glTranslate(position.x, position.y, position.z)
glRotate(self.player.orientation.y, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
# Slide back because the pyramid below is centered at 0.5, 0, 0.5
# instead of at the origin. Without this it rotates around its corner
# instead of around its center.
glTranslate(-0.5, 0, -0.5)
glColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.5)
glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.5)
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.5)
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glVertex3f(0.5, 0.0, 0.5)
glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def desenhar(self):
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(*self.posicao)
glColor3fv(self.cor)
glBegin(GL_LINES)
#desenha moldura
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((self.largura, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((self.largura, 0, 0))
glVertex3fv((self.largura, self.altura, 0))
glVertex3fv((self.largura, self.altura, 0))
glVertex3fv((0, self.altura, 0))
glVertex3fv((0, self.altura, 0))
glVertex3fv((0, 0, 0))
i = 0
while (i < len(self.pontos) - 1):
glVertex3fv((self.pontos[i][0]*self.escala_x, self.pontos[i][1]*self.escala_y, 0))
glVertex3fv((self.pontos[i + 1][0]*self.escala_x, self.pontos[i + 1][1]*self.escala_y, 0))
i += 1
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def render(self):
""" The render pass for the scene """
self.init_view()
# Enable lighting and color
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glClearColor(0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# Load the modelview matrix from the current state of the trackball
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
loc = self.interaction.translation
glTranslated(-loc[0], -loc[1], -loc[2])
glMultMatrixf(self.interaction.trackball.matrix)
# store the inverse of the current modelview.
currentModelView = numpy.array(glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX))
self.modelView = numpy.transpose(currentModelView)
self.inverseModelView = inv(numpy.transpose(currentModelView))
# render the scene. This will call the render function for each object in the scene
self.scene.render()
# draw the grid
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glCallList(G_OBJ_PLANE)
glPopMatrix()
# flush the buffers so that the scene can be drawn
glFlush()
def draw_circle(
self,
circle_center,
circle_normal,
circle_radius,
color=RGBA(1.1, 0.2, 0.8),
num_segments=20,
):
vertices = []
vertices.append((0, 0, 0)) # circle center
# create circle vertices in the xy plane
for i in np.linspace(0.0, 2.0 * math.pi, num_segments):
x = math.sin(i)
y = math.cos(i)
z = 0
vertices.append((x, y, z))
glPushMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glLoadMatrixf(
self.get_pupil_transformation_matrix(circle_normal, circle_center,
circle_radius))
glutils.draw_polyline((vertices),
color=color,
line_type=GL_TRIANGLE_FAN) # circle
glutils.draw_polyline([(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 4)],
color=RGBA(0, 0, 0),
line_type=GL_LINES) # normal
glPopMatrix()
def drawArrowHead(color,
basePoint,
drawingScale,
unitBaseVector,
unitHeightVector):
arrowBase = drawingScale * 0.08
arrowHeight = drawingScale * 0.12
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(basePoint[0],basePoint[1],basePoint[2])
point1 = V(0, 0, 0)
point1 = point1 + unitHeightVector * arrowHeight
point2 = unitBaseVector * arrowBase
point3 = - unitBaseVector * arrowBase
#Draw the arrowheads as filled triangles
glColor3fv(color)
glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glVertex3fv(point1)
glVertex3fv(point2)
glVertex3fv(point3)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
def for_each(self, points):
for pos in points:
glPushMatrix()
translate(pos)
self.func(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
glPopMatrix()
self._triggered = True
def traverse(node):
'''
'''
def rotate():
if len(node.rotate) != 4:
for r in node.rotate:
glRotatef(*r)
else:
glRotatef(*node.rotate)
glPushMatrix()
if isinstance(node, Object3D):
glTranslatef(*node.translate)
if node.rotation_points is not None:
glTranslatef(*node.rotation_points[0])
rotate()
glTranslatef(*node.rotation_points[1])
else:
rotate()
glScalef(*node.scale)
node.render()
for b in node.branches:
traverse(b)
glPopMatrix()
def _draw_zero_plane_xy(self, color, texture_id=None, scale=1.0):
glPushMatrix()
# glColor3f(*rgb_to_f(*color))
apply_texture = texture_id is not None
if apply_texture:
glColor3f(1, 1, 1)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self._textures[texture_id])
glTexCoord2f(1.0 * scale, 0.0 * scale)
else:
glColor3f(*rgb_to_f(*color))
glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
size = self._size / 2
glVertex3f(size, size, 0)
if apply_texture:
glTexCoord2f(1.0 * scale, 1.0 * scale)
glVertex3f(size, -size, 0)
if apply_texture:
glTexCoord2f(0.0 * scale, 1.0 * scale)
glVertex3f(-size, -size, 0)
if apply_texture:
glTexCoord2f(0.0 * scale, 0.0 * scale)
glVertex3f(-size, size, 0)
# if texture is not None:
# glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, )
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def drawFilledCircle(color, center, radius, normal):
"""
Scale, rotate/translate the unit circle properly.
Added a filled circle variant, piotr 080405
"""
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glColor3fv(color)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glTranslatef(center[0], center[1], center[2])
rQ = Q(V(0, 0, 1), normal)
rotAngle = rQ.angle*180.0/pi
#This may cause problems as proved before in Linear motor display.
#rotation around (0, 0, 0)
#if vlen(V(rQ.x, rQ.y, rQ.z)) < 0.00005:
# rQ.x = 1.0
glRotatef(rotAngle, rQ.x, rQ.y, rQ.z)
glScalef(radius, radius, 1.0)
glCallList(drawing_globals.filledCircleList)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPopMatrix()
return
def render(self):
'''
'''
super(Shaft, self).render()
glPushAttrib(GL_CURRENT_BIT)
n = int(self.length)
lim = n - 1
if self.orientation in ['down', 'forward', 'backward']:
lim = 0
self._set_material()
# print lim
for i in range(n):
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(0, i / 2.0, 0)
if i == lim:
self._can_(0.66, 0.5)
self._cylinder_(0.5, 0.5)
glPopMatrix()
# if self.state and animate:
# if ac % 20 == 0 and self.prev_ac != ac:
# if self.orientation == 'left' or self.orientation == 'up':
# self.colorlist = shift(self.colorlist)
# else:
# self.colorlist = deshift(self.colorlist)
# self.prev_ac = ac
glPopAttrib()
def drawbrick(color, center, axis, l, h, w, opacity=1.0):
if len(color) == 3:
color = (color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity)
if opacity != 1.0:
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE)
glEnable(GL_BLEND)
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
apply_material(color)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(center[0], center[1], center[2])
##Huaicai 1/17/05: To avoid rotate around (0, 0, 0), which causes
## display problem on some platforms
angle = -acos(axis[2]) * 180.0 / pi
if (axis[2] * axis[2] >= 1.0):
glRotate(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
else:
glRotate(angle, axis[1], -axis[0], 0.0)
glScale(h, w, l)
#bruce 060302 revised the contents of solidCubeList while fixing bug 1595
glCallList(drawing_globals.solidCubeList)
if opacity != 1.0:
glDisable(GL_BLEND)
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE)
glPopMatrix()
return
def main():
moons = [Moon(pos) for pos in d12_input]
glutInit(sys.argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowSize(800, 800)
glutInitWindowPosition(350, 200)
glutCreateWindow('name')
glClearColor(0., 0., 0., 1.)
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
lightZeroPosition = [10., 4., 10., 1.]
lightZeroColor = [0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 1.0]
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightZeroPosition)
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightZeroColor)
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION, 0.1)
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0, GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION, 0.05)
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0)
glutDisplayFunc(lambda: display_scene(moons))
glutTimerFunc(0, timer, 0)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
gluPerspective(40., 1., 1., 40.)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
gluLookAt(0, -10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
glPushMatrix()
glutMainLoop()
def drawRotateSign(color, pos1, pos2, radius, rotation=0.0):
"""Rotate sign on top of the caps of the cylinder """
glPushMatrix()
glColor3fv(color)
vec = pos2 - pos1
axis = norm(vec)
glTranslatef(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos1[2])
##Huaicai 1/17/05: To avoid rotate around (0, 0, 0), which causes
## display problem on some platforms
angle = -acos(axis[2]) * 180.0 / pi
if (axis[2] * axis[2] >= 1.0):
glRotate(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
else:
glRotate(angle, axis[1], -axis[0], 0.0)
glRotate(rotation, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) #bruce 050518
glScale(radius, radius, Numeric.dot(vec, vec)**.5)
glLineWidth(2.0)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glCallList(drawing_globals.rotSignList)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glLineWidth(1.0)
glPopMatrix()
return
def drawFilledCircle(color, center, radius, normal):
"""
Scale, rotate/translate the unit circle properly.
Added a filled circle variant, piotr 080405
"""
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glColor3fv(color)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glTranslatef(center[0], center[1], center[2])
rQ = Q(V(0, 0, 1), normal)
rotAngle = rQ.angle * 180.0 / pi
#This may cause problems as proved before in Linear motor display.
#rotation around (0, 0, 0)
#if vlen(V(rQ.x, rQ.y, rQ.z)) < 0.00005:
# rQ.x = 1.0
glRotatef(rotAngle, rQ.x, rQ.y, rQ.z)
glScalef(radius, radius, 1.0)
glCallList(drawing_globals.filledCircleList)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPopMatrix()
return
def pickup(event, right):
"""
Function to get the Name Stack
right es si el boton pulsado es el derecho
El viewport[3]-event.y() creo que es porque la medida de las Y está invertida
Los problemas que tenía con windows de tener que hacer varios click se corrigieron sustituyendo la región de selección de 1,1 a 5,5
"""
viewport = glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix()
glSelectBuffer(512)
glRenderMode(GL_SELECT)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPickMatrix(event.x(), viewport[3] - event.y(), 4, 4, viewport)
aspect = viewport[2] / viewport[3]
gluPerspective(60, aspect, 1.0, 400)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
self.paintGL()
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
if right == False:
parseLeftButtonNameStack(glRenderMode(GL_RENDER))
else:
parseRightButtonNameStack(glRenderMode(GL_RENDER))
glPopMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
def render(self):
#init shadow matrix
self.init_view()
#open light
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
#clear color and depth caches
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
#set model view matrix(danwei matrix is ok)
#set trackball's rotate matrix as Modelview
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
#replace now-matrix with hengdeng matrix
glLoadIdentity()
glMultMatrixf(self.interaction.trackball.matrix)
#save Modelview matrix, later change system with anti-matrix
currentModelView = numpy.array(glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX))
self.modelView = numpy.transpose(currentModelView)
self.inverseModelView = inv(numpy.transpose(currentModelView))
#rend the scene
self.scene.render()
#after each shadow , huifu light state
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPopMatrix()
glFlush()
def draw(self, time, line_width=None):
if self.hidden:
return
if time <= self.ts:
return
time = time * 1e-9
pos_start = self.pos
path = self.speed * (time - self.ts * 1e-9) * self.dir
# max_end = self.pos + (self.speed * self.te * self.dir)
# if not int(self.te) == 0 and time > self.te:
# pos_end = max_end
# else:
# pos_end = self.pos + path
pos_end = self.pos + path
glPushMatrix()
if line_width:
glLineWidth(line_width)
else:
glLineWidth(self.line_width)
glColor3f(*self.color)
glBegin(GL_LINES)
glVertex3f(*pos_start)
glVertex3f(*pos_end)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def draw_in_abs_coords(self, glpane, color):
"""
Draw the handle as a highlighted object.
@param glpane: The 3D Graphics area.
@type gplane: L{GLPane}
@param color: Unused.
@type color:
@attention: I{color} is not used.
"""
q = self.parent.quat
glPushMatrix()
if self.parent.center:
glTranslatef( self.parent.center[0],
self.parent.center[1],
self.parent.center[2])
if q:
glRotatef( q.angle * ONE_RADIAN,
q.x,
q.y,
q.z)
self._draw(highlighted = True)
glPopMatrix()
def _display_vector_head(self, head_angle: float):
"""Displays the robot's head to the current OpenGL context
:param head_angle: the angle of the lift in radians
"""
glPushMatrix()
# Rotate the head around the pivot
glTranslatef(HEAD_PIVOT_X, 0.0, HEAD_PIVOT_Z)
glRotatef(-head_angle, 0, 1, 0)
glTranslatef(-HEAD_PIVOT_X, 0.0, -HEAD_PIVOT_Z)
# Render all of the head meshes
self.display_by_key("head_geo")
# Screen
self.display_by_key("backScreen_mat")
self.display_by_key("screenEdge_geo")
self.display_by_key("overscan_1_geo")
# Eyes
self.display_by_key("eye_L_geo")
self.display_by_key("eye_R_geo")
# Eyelids
self.display_by_key("eyeLid_R_top_geo")
self.display_by_key("eyeLid_L_top_geo")
self.display_by_key("eyeLid_L_btm_geo")
self.display_by_key("eyeLid_R_btm_geo")
# Face cover (drawn last as it's translucent):
self.display_by_key("front_Screen_geo")
glPopMatrix()
def drawTexture(self, texture, dx, dy, dw, dh, x, y, w, h, r):
'''
texture is an int
textureRect is a list of size 4, determines which square to take from the texture
drawRect is a list of size 4, is used to determine the drawing size
'''
glBindTexture(self.texext, texture)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(dx + dw / 2, dy + dh / 2, 0)
glRotatef(r, 0, 0, 1.0)
glTranslatef(-1 * (dx + dw / 2), -1 * (dy + dh / 2), 0)
glBegin(GL_QUADS)
#Top-left vertex (corner)
glTexCoord2f(x, y + h) #image/texture
glVertex3f(dx, dy, 0) #screen coordinates
#Bottom-left vertex (corner)
glTexCoord2f(x + w, y + h)
glVertex3f((dx + dw), dy, 0)
#Bottom-right vertex (corner)
glTexCoord2f(x + w, y)
glVertex3f((dx + dw), (dy + dh), 0)
#Top-right vertex (corner)
glTexCoord2f(x, y)
glVertex3f(dx, (dy + dh), 0)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def draw(self, x, y, z=0, angle=0, scale=1):
"""Draws the SVG to screen.
:Parameters
`x` : float
The x-coordinate at which to draw.
`y` : float
The y-coordinate at which to draw.
`z` : float
The z-coordinate at which to draw. Defaults to 0. Note that z-ordering may not
give expected results when transparency is used.
`angle` : float
The angle by which the image should be rotated (in degrees). Defaults to 0.
`scale` : float
The amount by which the image should be scaled, either as a float, or a tuple
of two floats (xscale, yscale).
"""
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(x, y, z)
if angle:
glRotatef(angle, 0, 0, 1)
if scale != 1:
try:
glScalef(scale[0], scale[1], 1)
except TypeError:
glScalef(scale, scale, 1)
if self._a_x or self._a_y:
glTranslatef(-self._a_x, -self._a_y, 0)
glCallList(self.disp_list)
glPopMatrix()
def drawwiresphere_worker(params):
"""
Draw a wireframe sphere. Receive parameters through a sequence so that this
function and its parameters can be passed to another function for
deferment. Right now this is only ColorSorter.schedule (see below)
"""
(color, pos, radius, detailLevel) = params
## assert detailLevel == 1 # true, but leave out for speed
from utilities.debug_prefs import debug_pref, Choice_boolean_True
#bruce 060415 experiment, re iMac G4 wiresphere bug; fixes it!
newway = debug_pref("new wirespheres?", Choice_boolean_True)
oldway = not newway
# These objects want a constant line color even if they are selected or
# highlighted.
glColor3fv(color)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
if oldway:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2])
glScale(radius,radius,radius)
if oldway:
glCallList(drawing_globals.sphereList[detailLevel])
else:
glCallList(drawing_globals.wiresphere1list)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPopMatrix()
if oldway:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_FILL)
return
def gl_display_cache_bars(self):
""""""
padding = 20.0
frame_max = len(self.g_pool.timestamps
) # last marker is garanteed to be frame max.
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
width, height = self.g_pool.camera_render_size
h_pad = padding * (frame_max - 2) / float(width)
v_pad = padding * 1.0 / (height - 2)
gluOrtho(
-h_pad, (frame_max - 1) + h_pad, -v_pad, 1 + v_pad, -1, 1
) # ranging from 0 to cache_len-1 (horizontal) and 0 to 1 (vertical)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(0, -0.02, 0)
color = (7.0, 0.1, 0.2, 8.0)
draw_polyline(
self.gl_display_ranges,
color=RGBA(*color),
line_type=GL_LINES,
thickness=2.0,
)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPopMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPopMatrix()
def render(self):
""" The render pass for the scene """
self.init_view()
# Enable lighting and color
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glClearColor(0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# Load the modelview matrix from the current state of the trackball
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
loc = self.interaction.translation
glTranslated(-loc[0], -loc[1], -loc[2])
glMultMatrixf(self.interaction.trackball.matrix)
# store the inverse of the current modelview.
currentModelView = numpy.array(glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX))
self.modelView = numpy.transpose(currentModelView)
self.inverseModelView = inv(numpy.transpose(currentModelView))
# render the scene. This will call the render function for each object in the scene
self.scene.render()
# draw the grid
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glCallList(G_OBJ_PLANE)
glPopMatrix()
# flush the buffers so that the scene can be drawn
glFlush()
def draw(self):
assert self._e_is_instance, "draw called on non-Instance of TextRect" #061211
glpane = self.env.glpane
msg = str(
self.msg
) #k str() won't always be needed, maybe isn't now ##e guess: need __mod__ in Expr
width = self.ncols # in chars
# WARNING: every Widget2D has self.width in native Width units; don't assign ncols to self.width or you'll mess that up.
#e probably we should rename this localvar to ncols, same for height/nlines.
height = self.nlines # in chars
if 1:
# until we have Arg type coercion, see if this detects caller errors -- it does:
## ValueError: invalid literal for int(): line 1
## line 2
width = int(width)
height = int(height)
from graphics.drawing.texture_fonts import drawfont2
glPushMatrix() ####k guess, not sure needed
#e translate by margin
drawfont2(glpane, msg, width, height, pixelwidth=PIXELS)
#061211 pass pixelwidth so rotation won't matter (warning: different value than before, even w/o rotation)
glPopMatrix()
return
def SaveMatrix():
"Save the current opengl matrix over a with block"
glPushMatrix()
try:
yield
finally:
glPopMatrix()
def _draw_jig(self, glpane, color, highlighted = False):
"""
Draw a Grid Plane jig as a set of grid lines.
"""
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef( self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
q = self.quat
glRotatef( q.angle*180.0/math.pi, q.x, q.y, q.z)
hw = self.width/2.0; hh = self.height/2.0
corners_pos = [V(-hw, hh, 0.0), V(-hw, -hh, 0.0), V(hw, -hh, 0.0), V(hw, hh, 0.0)]
if highlighted:
grid_color = color
else:
grid_color = self.grid_color
if self.picked:
drawLineLoop(self.color, corners_pos)
else:
drawLineLoop(color, corners_pos)
if self.grid_type == SQUARE_GRID:
drawGPGrid(glpane, grid_color, self.line_type, self.width, self.height, self.x_spacing, self.y_spacing,
q.unrot(self.assy.o.up), q.unrot(self.assy.o.right))
else:
drawSiCGrid(grid_color, self.line_type, self.width, self.height,
q.unrot(self.assy.o.up), q.unrot(self.assy.o.right))
glPopMatrix()
def draw_glpane_label_text(self, text):
"""
Draw a text label for the glpane as a whole.
@note: called indirectly from GLPane.paintGL shortly after
it calls _do_graphicsMode_Draw(), via GraphicsMode.draw_glpane_label
"""
#bruce 090219 moved this here from part of Part.draw_text_label
# (after a temporary stop in the short-lived class PartDrawer);
# the other part is now our caller GraphicsMode.draw_glpane_label.
# (note: caller catches exceptions, so we don't have to bother)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
# Note: disabling GL_DEPTH_TEST properly affects 2d renderText
# (as used here), but not 3d renderText. For more info see
# today's comments in Guides.py. [bruce 081204 comment]
glPushMatrix() # REVIEW: needed? [bruce 081204 question]
font = QFont(QString("Helvetica"), 24, QFont.Bold)
self.qglColor(Qt.red) # this needs to be impossible to miss -- not nice-looking!
#e tho it might be better to pick one of several bright colors
# by hashing the partname, so as to change the color when the part changes.
# this version of renderText uses window coords (0,0 at upper left)
# rather than model coords (but I'm not sure what point on the string-image
# we're setting the location of here -- guessing it's bottom-left corner):
self.renderText(25,40, QString(text), font)
glPopMatrix()
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
return
def _gl_select_(self, x, y):
'''
'''
_gw, gh = self.GetSize()
self.draw(offscreen=True)
b = glReadPixels(x, gh - y, 1, 1, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE)
_buff = glSelectBuffer(128)
view = glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT)
glRenderMode(GL_SELECT)
glInitNames()
glPushName(0)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
gluPickMatrix(x, gh - y, 1.0, 1.0, view)
self._set_view_volume()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
self.draw(offscreen=True)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPopMatrix()
hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
self.scene_graph.set_view_cube_face(struct.unpack('BBB', b)) # get the top object
return min([(h.near, h.names[0]) for h in hits])[1] if hits else None
def Draw_model(mode, glpane, superclass): # called by testmode.Draw_model
if env.prefs.get("A9 devel/testdraw/super.Draw first?", True): # 070404
glPushMatrix() # k needed??
superclass.Draw_model(mode)
glPopMatrix()
# glpane.part.draw(glpane) # this doesn't draw the model in any different place as when done below... [061211]
return
def draw(self):
"""
Draws each frame.
"""
print("draw()")
# DRAW STUFF HERE
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB)
glColor4f(1.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0)
glPushMatrix()
glScale(0.5, 0.5, 1.0)
draw_square()
glPopMatrix()
glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.8)
num = 64
for i in range(num):
x = (i / float(num)) * 4 - 2
draw_line(float(x), -2.0, float(x), 2.0)
draw_line(-2.0, float(x), 2.0, float(x))
if self.texture_id is not None:
glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB, self.texture_id)
glPushMatrix()
glScale(0.4, 0.3, 1.0)
draw_textured_square(320, 240)
glPopMatrix()
else:
print "No texture to draw"
def Draw(self):
"""draw a curve of all previous data,
up to a certain point (self.resolution)"""
self.vbo.bind()
self.vbo.copy_data()
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, self.vbo)
if self.buffer_full:
if self.previous_index != self.size - 1:
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(-1 * (self.previous_index + 1), 0.0, 0.0)
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP,
(self.previous_index + 1),
(self.size - self.previous_index - 1))
glPopMatrix()
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(self.size - self.previous_index - 1, 0.0, 0.0)
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0,
(self.previous_index + 1))
glPopMatrix()
else:
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0,
(self.previous_index + 1))
glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
self.vbo.unbind()
def drawwiresphere_worker(params):
"""
Draw a wireframe sphere. Receive parameters through a sequence so that this
function and its parameters can be passed to another function for
deferment. Right now this is only ColorSorter.schedule (see below)
"""
(color, pos, radius, detailLevel) = params
## assert detailLevel == 1 # true, but leave out for speed
from utilities.debug_prefs import debug_pref, Choice_boolean_True
#bruce 060415 experiment, re iMac G4 wiresphere bug; fixes it!
newway = debug_pref("new wirespheres?", Choice_boolean_True)
oldway = not newway
# These objects want a constant line color even if they are selected or
# highlighted.
glColor3fv(color)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
if oldway:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(pos[0], pos[1], pos[2])
glScale(radius, radius, radius)
if oldway:
glCallList(drawing_globals.sphereList[detailLevel])
else:
glCallList(drawing_globals.wiresphere1list)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPopMatrix()
if oldway:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_FILL)
return
def draw_text_2d(text, x, y, line_height=17, color=None):
"""Draw a text at a given 2D position.
A very basic 2D drawing function for drawing (multi-line) text."
"""
width = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_WIDTH)
height = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix() #matrix = glGetDouble( GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX )
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0.0, width, 0.0, height, -1.0, 1.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
if color:
glColor3f(*color)
glRasterPos2i(x, y)
lines = 0
for character in text:
if character == '\n':
lines += 1
glRasterPos(x, y - (lines * line_height))
else:
glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13, ord(character))
glPopMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPopMatrix() #glLoadMatrixd(matrix)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
def render(self):
#初始化投影矩阵
self.init_view()
#启动光照
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
#清空颜色缓存与深度缓存
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
#设置模型视图矩阵，这节课先用单位矩阵就行了。
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glMultMatrixf(self.interaction.trackball.matrix)
# 存储ModelView矩阵与其逆矩阵之后做坐标系转换用
currentModelView = numpy.array(glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX))
self.modelView = numpy.transpose(currentModelView)
self.inverseModelView = inv(numpy.transpose(currentModelView))
#渲染场景
self.scene.render()
#每次渲染后复位光照状态
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glCallList(G_OBJ_PLANE)
glPopMatrix()
#把数据刷新到显存上
glFlush()
def drawRotateSign(color, pos1, pos2, radius, rotation = 0.0):
"""Rotate sign on top of the caps of the cylinder """
glPushMatrix()
glColor3fv(color)
vec = pos2-pos1
axis = norm(vec)
glTranslatef(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos1[2])
##Huaicai 1/17/05: To avoid rotate around (0, 0, 0), which causes
## display problem on some platforms
angle = -acos(axis[2])*180.0/pi
if (axis[2]*axis[2] >= 1.0):
glRotate(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
else:
glRotate(angle, axis[1], -axis[0], 0.0)
glRotate(rotation, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) #bruce 050518
glScale(radius,radius,Numeric.dot(vec,vec)**.5)
glLineWidth(2.0)
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glCallList(drawing_globals.rotSignList)
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
glLineWidth(1.0)
glPopMatrix()
return
def draw_player(self):
glLineWidth(2)
glPushMatrix()
if self.degree == 90:
if not self.check_goal(self.player, self.board):
direction = self.get_direction(self.player)
self.draw_main_cube(self.player[0], direction)
self.draw_secondary_cube(self.player[1], direction)
else:
direction = self.get_direction(self.previous)
self.draw_secondary_cube(self.player[1], direction)
if direction != Direction.none and self.get_direction(
self.player) == Direction.none:
done = self.teleport_player(10, rotating_speed / 2)
if self.rotate_before_swap():
if not done:
self.steps = 1
self.degree = 0
elif self.check_goal(self.player, self.board):
done = self.teleport_player(-10, rotating_speed / 5)
if self.rotate_before_swap():
if not done:
self.steps = 1
self.degree = 0
else:
self.rotate_player()
self.draw_main_cube(self.previous[0], direction)
glPopMatrix()
glLineWidth(1)
def drawArrowHead(color,
basePoint,
drawingScale,
unitBaseVector,
unitHeightVector):
arrowBase = drawingScale * 0.08
arrowHeight = drawingScale * 0.12
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(basePoint[0],basePoint[1],basePoint[2])
point1 = V(0, 0, 0)
point1 = point1 + unitHeightVector * arrowHeight
point2 = unitBaseVector * arrowBase
point3 = - unitBaseVector * arrowBase
#Draw the arrowheads as filled triangles
glColor3fv(color)
glBegin(GL_POLYGON)
glVertex3fv(point1)
glVertex3fv(point2)
glVertex3fv(point3)
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING)
def InitGL(self, Width, Height):
self.view_port_xr = 1
self.view_port_yr = 1
self.original_x = Width
self.original_y = Height
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glOrtho(0, Width, 0, Height, -1, 1)
glScalef(1, -1, 1)
glTranslatef(0, -Height, 0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) # Disables Depth Testing
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) # Enables Smooth Color Shading
# Anti-aliasing/prettyness stuff
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
glEnable(GL_BLEND)
glHint(GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST)
glHint(GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST)
glHint(GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST)
glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH)
glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH)
glEnable(GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH)
glClearColor(background_color()[0],
background_color()[1],
background_color()[2], 1.0)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
def drawbrick(color, center, axis, l, h, w, opacity = 1.0):
if len(color) == 3:
color = (color[0], color[1], color[2], opacity)
if opacity != 1.0:
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE)
glEnable(GL_BLEND)
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
apply_material(color)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(center[0], center[1], center[2])
##Huaicai 1/17/05: To avoid rotate around (0, 0, 0), which causes
## display problem on some platforms
angle = -acos(axis[2])*180.0/pi
if (axis[2]*axis[2] >= 1.0):
glRotate(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
else:
glRotate(angle, axis[1], -axis[0], 0.0)
glScale(h, w, l)
#bruce 060302 revised the contents of solidCubeList while fixing bug 1595
glCallList(drawing_globals.solidCubeList)
if opacity != 1.0:
glDisable(GL_BLEND)
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE)
glPopMatrix()
return
def _draw_jig(self, glpane, color, highlighted=False):
"""
Draw a linear motor as a long box along the axis, with a thin cylinder (spoke) to each atom.
"""
glPushMatrix()
try:
glTranslatef( self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
q = self.quat
glRotatef( q.angle*180.0/pi, q.x, q.y, q.z)
orig_center = V(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
drawbrick(color, orig_center, self.axis,
self.length, self.width, self.width,
opacity = self.opacity)
drawLinearSign((0,0,0), orig_center, self.axis, self.length, self.width, self.width)
# (note: drawLinearSign uses a small depth offset so that arrows are slightly in front of brick)
# [bruce comment 060302, a guess from skimming drawLinearSign's code]
for a in self.atoms[:]:
drawcylinder(color, orig_center,
a.posn()-self.center,
self.sradius,
opacity = self.opacity)
except:
#bruce 060208 protect OpenGL stack from exception analogous to that seen for RotaryMotor in bug 1445
print_compact_traceback("exception in LinearMotor._draw, continuing: ")
glPopMatrix()
def draw_in_abs_coords(self, glpane, color):
"""
Draw the handle as a highlighted object.
@param glpane: The 3D Graphics area.
@type gplane: L{GLPane}
@param color: Unused.
@type color:
@attention: I{color} is not used.
"""
q = self.parent.quat
glPushMatrix()
if self.parent.center:
glTranslatef( self.parent.center[0],
self.parent.center[1],
self.parent.center[2])
if q:
glRotatef( q.angle * ONE_RADIAN,
q.x,
q.y,
q.z)
self._draw(highlighted = True)
glPopMatrix()
def draw(self):
"""
Draws each frame.
"""
print("draw()")
# DRAW STUFF HERE
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB)
glColor4f(1.0, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0)
glPushMatrix()
glScale(0.5, 0.5, 1.0)
draw_square()
glPopMatrix()
glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.8)
num = 64
for i in range(num):
x = (i / float(num)) * 4 - 2
draw_line(float(x), -2.0, float(x), 2.0)
draw_line(-2.0, float(x), 2.0, float(x))
if self.texture_id is not None:
glColor4f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB, self.texture_id)
glPushMatrix()
glScale(0.4, 0.3, 1.0)
draw_textured_square(320, 240)
glPopMatrix()
else:
print "No texture to draw"
def render(self):
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslated(self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
glCallList(G_OBJ_CUBE)
glPopMatrix()
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def _draw_geometry(self, glpane, color, highlighted=False):
glPushMatrix()
if not highlighted:
color = self.color
drawPolyLine(color, self.controlPoints)
if self.picked:
self._draw_handles(self.controlPoints)
glPopMatrix()
def draw(self):
# this code is modified from GLPane.drawcompass
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glMatrixMode(
GL_PROJECTION
) # WARNING: we're now in nonstandard matrixmode (for sake of gluPickMatrix and glOrtho -- needed??##k)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
try:
glpane = self.env.glpane
## aspect = 1.0 ###WRONG -- should use glpane.aspect (which exists as of 070919)
aspect = glpane.aspect # revised by bruce 070919, UNTESTED
corner = self.corner
delegate = self.delegate
###e should get glpane to do this for us (ie call a method in it to do this if necessary)
# (this code is copied from it)
glselect = glpane.current_glselect
if glselect:
# print "%r (ipath %r) setting up gluPickMatrix" % (self, self.ipath)
x, y, w, h = glselect
gluPickMatrix(
x, y, w, h, glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT) # k is this arg needed? it might be the default...
)
# the first three cases here are still ###WRONG
if corner == UPPER_RIGHT:
glOrtho(-50 * aspect, 5.5 * aspect, -50, 5.5, -5, 500) # Upper Right
elif corner == UPPER_LEFT:
glOrtho(-5 * aspect, 50.5 * aspect, -50, 5.5, -5, 500) # Upper Left
elif corner == LOWER_LEFT:
glOrtho(-5 * aspect, 50.5 * aspect, -5, 50.5, -5, 500) # Lower Left
else:
## glOrtho(-50*aspect, 5.5*aspect, -5, 50.5, -5, 500) # Lower Right
## glOrtho(-50*aspect, 0, 0, 50, -5, 500) # Lower Right [used now] -- x from -50*aspect to 0, y (bot to top) from 0 to 50
glOrtho(-glpane.width * PIXELS, 0, 0, glpane.height * PIXELS, -5, 500)
# approximately right for the checkbox, but I ought to count pixels to be sure (note, PIXELS is a pretty inexact number)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) ###k guess 061210 at possible bugfix (and obviously needed in general) --
# do this last to leave the matrixmode standard
# (status of bugs & fixes unclear -- hard to test since even Highlightable(projection=True) w/o any change to
# projection matrix (test _9cx) doesn't work!)
offset = (-delegate.bright, delegate.bbottom) # only correct for LOWER_RIGHT
glTranslatef(offset[0], offset[1], 0)
self.drawkid(delegate) ## delegate.draw()
finally:
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glPopMatrix()
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) # be sure to do this last, to leave the matrixmode standard
glPopMatrix()
return
def paint(self):
if self.quad is None:
self.quad = gluNewQuadric()
glPushMatrix()
glColor(self.color.red, self.color.green, self.color.blue)
glTranslate(self.center.x, self.center.y, self.center.z)
gluSphere(self.quad, self.radius, 25, 25)
glPopMatrix()
def draw_doms(self, size=3):
glPushMatrix()
glPointSize(size)
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
glBegin(GL_POINTS)
for position in self.dom_positions:
glVertex3f(position[0], position[1], position[2])
glEnd()
glPopMatrix()
def start_render(self):
'''
'''
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glPushMatrix()
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(*self.translate)
def render(self):
""" 渲染显示包围盒，可在调试的时候使用 """
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslated(self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
glCallList(G_OBJ_CUBE)
glPopMatrix()
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def render(self):
""" render the AABB. This can be useful for debugging purposes """
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslated(self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
glCallList(G_OBJ_CUBE)
glPopMatrix()
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL)
def _draw_jig(self, glpane, color, highlighted = False):
"""
Draw an ESPImage jig (self) as a plane with an edge and a bounding box.
@note: this is not called during graphicsMode.Draw_model as with most
Jigs, but during graphicsMode.Draw_after_highlighting.
"""
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef( self.center[0], self.center[1], self.center[2])
q = self.quat
glRotatef( q.angle*180.0/math.pi, q.x, q.y, q.z)
#bruce 060207 extensively revised texture code re fixing bug 1059
if self.tex_name is not None and self.image_obj:
# self.image_obj cond is needed, for clear_esp_image() to work
textureReady = True
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.tex_name)
# review: maybe this belongs in draw_plane instead?
self._initTextureEnv() # sets texture params the way we want them
else:
textureReady = False
drawPlane(self.fill_color, self.width, self.width, textureReady,
self.opacity, SOLID = True,
pickCheckOnly = self.pickCheckOnly )
hw = self.width/2.0
corners_pos = [V(-hw, hw, 0.0),
V(-hw, -hw, 0.0),
V( hw, -hw, 0.0),
V( hw, hw, 0.0)]
drawLineLoop(color, corners_pos)
# Draw the ESP Image bbox.
if self.show_esp_bbox:
wo = self.image_offset
eo = self.edge_offset
drawwirecube(color, V(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), V(hw + eo, hw + eo, wo), 1.0)
#drawwirebox
# This is for debugging purposes. This draws a green normal vector
# using local space coords. [Mark 050930]
if 0:
from graphics.drawing.CS_draw_primitives import drawline
drawline(green, V(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), V(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), 0, 3)
glpane.kluge_reset_texture_mode_to_work_around_renderText_bug()
glPopMatrix()
# This is for debugging purposes. This draws a yellow normal vector
# using model space coords. [Mark 050930]
if 0:
from graphics.drawing.CS_draw_primitives import drawline
from utilities.constants import yellow
drawline(yellow, self.center, self.center + self.planeNorm, 0, 3)