class Ghost(object):
"""Ghost manages a QWebPage.
:param user_agent: The default User-Agent header.
:param wait_timeout: Maximum step duration in second.
:param wait_callback: An optional callable that is periodically
executed until Ghost stops waiting.
:param log_level: The optional logging level.
:param display: A boolean that tells ghost to displays UI.
:param viewport_size: A tupple that sets initial viewport size.
"""
_alert = None
_confirm_expected = None
_prompt_expected = None
_upload_file = None
_app = None
def __init__(self, user_agent=default_user_agent, wait_timeout=8,
wait_callback=None, log_level=logging.WARNING, display=False,
viewport_size=(800, 600), cache_dir='/tmp/ghost.py'):
self.http_resources = []
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.wait_timeout = wait_timeout
self.wait_callback = wait_callback
self.loaded = True
if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and not 'DISPLAY' in os.environ\
and not hasattr(Ghost, 'xvfb'):
try:
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
Ghost.xvfb = subprocess.Popen(['Xvfb', ':99'])
except OSError:
raise Exception('Xvfb is required to a ghost run oustside ' +\
'an X instance')
self.display = display
if not Ghost._app:
Ghost._app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(['ghost'])
self.page = GhostWebPage(Ghost._app)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setMaximumPagesInCache(0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setObjectCacheCapacities(0, 0, 0)
self.page.setForwardUnsupportedContent(True)
self.set_viewport_size(*viewport_size)
# Page signals
self.page.loadFinished.connect(self._page_loaded)
self.page.loadStarted.connect(self._page_load_started)
self.page.unsupportedContent.connect(self._unsupported_content)
self.manager = self.page.networkAccessManager()
self.manager.finished.connect(self._request_ended)
# Cache
self.cache = QNetworkDiskCache()
self.cache.setCacheDirectory(cache_dir)
self.manager.setCache(self.cache)
# Cookie jar
self.cookie_jar = QNetworkCookieJar()
self.manager.setCookieJar(self.cookie_jar)
# User Agent
self.page.setUserAgent(self.user_agent)
self.page.networkAccessManager().authenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.page.networkAccessManager().proxyAuthenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.main_frame = self.page.mainFrame()
logger.setLevel(log_level)
if self.display:
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def __del__(self):
self.exit()
def capture(self, region=None, selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Returns snapshot as QImage.
:param region: An optional tupple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
if region is None and selector is not None:
region = self.region_for_selector(selector)
if region:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = region
w, h = (x2 - x1), (y2 - y1)
image = QImage(QSize(x2, y2), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
image = image.copy(x1, y1, w, h)
else:
image = QImage(self.page.viewportSize(), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
return image
def capture_to(self, path, region=None, selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Saves snapshot as image.
:param path: The destination path.
:param region: An optional tupple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
self.capture(region=region, format=format,
selector=selector).save(path)
@can_load_page
def click(self, selector):
"""Click the targeted element.
:param selector: A CSS3 selector to targeted element.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Exception("Can't find element to click")
return self.evaluate("""
var element = document.querySelector("%s");
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
false, false, false, false, 0, element);
element.dispatchEvent(evt)
""" % selector)
class confirm:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript confirm().
:param confirm: A bollean that confirm.
:param callable: A callable that returns a boolean for confirmation.
"""
def __init__(self, confirm=True, callback=None):
self.confirm = confirm
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._confirm_expected = (self.confirm, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._confirm_expected = None
@property
def content(self):
"""Returns current frame HTML as a string."""
return unicode(self.main_frame.toHtml())
@property
def cookies(self):
"""Returns all cookies."""
return self.cookie_jar.allCookies()
def delete_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all cookies."""
self.cookie_jar.setAllCookies([])
@can_load_page
def evaluate(self, script):
"""Evaluates script in page frame.
:param script: The script to evaluate.
"""
return (self.main_frame.evaluateJavaScript("%s" % script),
self._release_last_resources())
def evaluate_js_file(self, path, encoding='utf-8'):
"""Evaluates javascript file at given path in current frame.
Raises native IOException in case of invalid file.
:param path: The path of the file.
:param encoding: The file's encoding.
"""
self.evaluate(codecs.open(path, encoding=encoding).read())
def exists(self, selector):
"""Checks if element exists for given selector.
:param string: The element selector.
"""
return not self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).isNull()
def exit(self):
"""Exits application and relateds."""
if self.display:
self.webview.close()
Ghost._app.quit()
del self.manager
del self.page
del self.main_frame
if hasattr(self, 'xvfb'):
self.xvfb.terminate()
@can_load_page
def fill(self, selector, values):
"""Fills a form with provided values.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target form to fill.
:param values: A dict containing the values.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Exception("Can't find form")
resources = []
for field in values:
r, res = self.set_field_value("%s [name=%s]" % (selector, field),
values[field])
resources.extend(res)
return True, resources
@can_load_page
def fire_on(self, selector, method):
"""Call method on element matching given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target element.
:param method: The name of the method to fire.
:param expect_loading: Specifies if a page loading is expected.
"""
return self.evaluate('document.querySelector("%s").%s();' % \
(selector, method))
def global_exists(self, global_name):
"""Checks if javascript global exists.
:param global_name: The name of the global.
"""
return self.evaluate('!(typeof %s === "undefined");' %
global_name)[0]
def hide(self):
"""Close the webview."""
try:
self.webview.close()
except:
raise Exception("no webview to close")
def open(self, address, method='get', headers={}, auth=None):
"""Opens a web page.
:param address: The resource URL.
:param method: The Http method.
:param headers: An optional dict of extra request hearders.
:param auth: An optional tupple of HTTP auth (username, password).
:return: Page resource, All loaded resources.
"""
body = QByteArray()
try:
method = getattr(QNetworkAccessManager,
"%sOperation" % method.capitalize())
except AttributeError:
raise Exception("Invalid http method %s" % method)
request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(address))
request.CacheLoadControl(0)
for header in headers:
request.setRawHeader(header, headers[header])
self._auth = auth
self._auth_attempt = 0 # Avoids reccursion
self.main_frame.load(request, method, body)
self.loaded = False
return self.wait_for_page_loaded()
class prompt:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript prompt().
:param value: A string value to fill in prompt.
:param callback: A callable that returns the value to fill in.
"""
def __init__(self, value='', callback=None):
self.value = value
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._prompt_expected = (self.value, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._prompt_expected = None
def region_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Returns frame region for given selector as tupple.
:param selector: The targeted element.
"""
geo = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).geometry()
try:
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
except:
raise Exception("can't get region for selector '%s'" % selector)
return region
@can_load_page
def set_field_value(self, selector, value, blur=True):
"""Sets the value of the field matched by given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector that target the field.
:param value: The value to fill in.
:param blur: An optional boolean that force blur when filled in.
"""
def _set_checkbox_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
if value is True:
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
else:
el.removeAttribute('checked')
def _set_checkboxes_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
_set_checkbox_value(el, True)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(el, False)
def _set_radio_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
def _set_text_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('value', value)
def _set_textarea_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setPlainText(value)
res, ressources = None, []
element = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector)
if element.isNull():
raise Exception('can\'t find element for %s"' % selector)
if element.tagName() == "SELECT":
_set_text_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "TEXTAREA":
_set_textarea_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "INPUT":
if element.attribute('type') in ["color", "date", "datetime",
"datetime-local", "email", "hidden", "month", "number",
"password", "range", "search", "tel", "text", "time",
"url", "week"]:
_set_text_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "checkbox":
els = self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector)
if els.count() > 1:
_set_checkboxes_value(els, value)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "radio":
_set_radio_value(self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector),
value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "file":
Ghost._upload_file = value
res, resources = self.click(selector)
Ghost._upload_file = None
else:
raise Exception('unsuported field tag')
if blur:
self.fire_on(selector, 'blur')
return res, ressources
def set_viewport_size(self, width, height):
"""Sets the page viewport size.
:param width: An integer that sets width pixel count.
:param height: An integer that sets height pixel count.
"""
self.page.setViewportSize(QSize(width, height))
def show(self):
"""Show current page inside a QWebView.
"""
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def wait_for(self, condition, timeout_message):
"""Waits until condition is True.
:param condition: A callable that returns the condition.
:param timeout_message: The exception message on timeout.
"""
started_at = time.time()
while not condition():
if time.time() > (started_at + self.wait_timeout):
raise Exception(timeout_message)
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
if self.wait_callback is not None:
self.wait_callback()
def wait_for_alert(self):
"""Waits for main frame alert().
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: Ghost._alert is not None,
'User has not been alerted.')
msg = Ghost._alert
Ghost._alert = None
return msg, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_page_loaded(self):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded,
'Unable to load requested page')
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None
url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url:
page = resource
return page, resources
def wait_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Waits until selector match an element on the frame.
:param selector: The selector to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.exists(selector),
'Can\'t find element matching "%s"' % selector)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_text(self, text):
"""Waits until given text appear on main frame.
:param text: The text to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: text in self.content,
'Can\'t find "%s" in current frame' % text)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def _authenticate(self, mix, authenticator):
"""Called back on basic / proxy http auth.
:param mix: The QNetworkReply or QNetworkProxy object.
:param authenticator: The QAuthenticator object.
"""
if self._auth_attempt == 0:
username, password = self._auth
authenticator.setUser(username)
authenticator.setPassword(password)
self._auth_attempt += 1
def _page_loaded(self):
"""Called back when page is loaded.
"""
self.loaded = True
self.cache.clear()
def _page_load_started(self):
"""Called back when page load started.
"""
self.loaded = False
def _release_last_resources(self):
"""Releases last loaded resources.
:return: The released resources.
"""
last_resources = self.http_resources
self.http_resources = []
return last_resources
def _request_ended(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(HttpResource(reply, self.cache))
def _unsupported_content(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources with unsupported
content.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(HttpResource(reply, self.cache,
reply.readAll()))
class Ghost(object):
"""Ghost manages a QWebPage.
:param user_agent: The default User-Agent header.
:param wait_timeout: Maximum step duration in second.
:param wait_callback: An optional callable that is periodically
executed until Ghost stops waiting.
:param log_level: The optional logging level.
:param display: A boolean that tells ghost to displays UI.
:param viewport_size: A tupple that sets initial viewport size.
"""
_alert = None
_confirm_expected = None
_prompt_expected = None
_upload_file = None
_app = None
def __init__(self,
user_agent=default_user_agent,
wait_timeout=8,
wait_callback=None,
log_level=logging.WARNING,
display=False,
viewport_size=(800, 600),
cache_dir='/tmp/ghost.py'):
self.http_resources = []
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.wait_timeout = wait_timeout
self.wait_callback = wait_callback
self.loaded = True
if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and not 'DISPLAY' in os.environ\
and not hasattr(Ghost, 'xvfb'):
try:
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
Ghost.xvfb = subprocess.Popen(['Xvfb', ':99'])
except OSError:
raise Exception('Xvfb is required to a ghost run oustside ' +\
'an X instance')
self.display = display
if not Ghost._app:
Ghost._app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(['ghost'])
self.page = GhostWebPage(Ghost._app)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setMaximumPagesInCache(0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setObjectCacheCapacities(0, 0, 0)
self.page.setForwardUnsupportedContent(True)
self.set_viewport_size(*viewport_size)
# Page signals
self.page.loadFinished.connect(self._page_loaded)
self.page.loadStarted.connect(self._page_load_started)
self.page.unsupportedContent.connect(self._unsupported_content)
self.manager = self.page.networkAccessManager()
self.manager.finished.connect(self._request_ended)
# Cache
self.cache = QNetworkDiskCache()
self.cache.setCacheDirectory(cache_dir)
self.manager.setCache(self.cache)
# Cookie jar
self.cookie_jar = QNetworkCookieJar()
self.manager.setCookieJar(self.cookie_jar)
# User Agent
self.page.setUserAgent(self.user_agent)
self.page.networkAccessManager().authenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.page.networkAccessManager().proxyAuthenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.main_frame = self.page.mainFrame()
logger.setLevel(log_level)
if self.display:
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def __del__(self):
self.exit()
def capture(self,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Returns snapshot as QImage.
:param region: An optional tupple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
if region is None and selector is not None:
region = self.region_for_selector(selector)
if region:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = region
w, h = (x2 - x1), (y2 - y1)
image = QImage(QSize(x2, y2), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
image = image.copy(x1, y1, w, h)
else:
image = QImage(self.page.viewportSize(), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
return image
def capture_to(self,
path,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Saves snapshot as image.
:param path: The destination path.
:param region: An optional tupple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
self.capture(region=region, format=format,
selector=selector).save(path)
@client_utils_required
@can_load_page
def click(self, selector):
"""Click the targeted element.
:param selector: A CSS3 selector to targeted element.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Exception("Can't find element to click")
return self.evaluate('GhostUtils.click("%s");' % selector)
class confirm:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript confirm().
:param confirm: A bollean that confirm.
:param callable: A callable that returns a boolean for confirmation.
"""
def __init__(self, confirm=True, callback=None):
self.confirm = confirm
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._confirm_expected = (self.confirm, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._confirm_expected = None
@property
def content(self):
"""Returns current frame HTML as a string."""
return unicode(self.main_frame.toHtml())
@property
def cookies(self):
"""Returns all cookies."""
return self.cookie_jar.allCookies()
def delete_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all cookies."""
self.cookie_jar.setAllCookies([])
@can_load_page
def evaluate(self, script):
"""Evaluates script in page frame.
:param script: The script to evaluate.
"""
return (self.main_frame.evaluateJavaScript("%s" % script),
self._release_last_resources())
def evaluate_js_file(self, path, encoding='utf-8'):
"""Evaluates javascript file at given path in current frame.
Raises native IOException in case of invalid file.
:param path: The path of the file.
:param encoding: The file's encoding.
"""
self.evaluate(codecs.open(path, encoding=encoding).read())
def exists(self, selector):
"""Checks if element exists for given selector.
:param string: The element selector.
"""
return not self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).isNull()
def exit(self):
"""Exits application and relateds."""
if self.display:
self.webview.close()
Ghost._app.quit()
del self.manager
del self.page
del self.main_frame
if hasattr(self, 'xvfb'):
self.xvfb.terminate()
@can_load_page
def fill(self, selector, values):
"""Fills a form with provided values.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target form to fill.
:param values: A dict containing the values.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Exception("Can't find form")
resources = []
for field in values:
r, res = self.set_field_value("%s [name=%s]" % (selector, field),
values[field])
resources.extend(res)
return True, resources
@client_utils_required
@can_load_page
def fire_on(self, selector, method):
"""Call method on element matching given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target element.
:param method: The name of the method to fire.
:param expect_loading: Specifies if a page loading is expected.
"""
return self.evaluate('GhostUtils.fireOn("%s", "%s");' %
(selector, method))
def global_exists(self, global_name):
"""Checks if javascript global exists.
:param global_name: The name of the global.
"""
return self.evaluate('!(typeof %s === "undefined");' % global_name)[0]
def hide(self):
"""Close the webview."""
try:
self.webview.close()
except:
raise Exception("no webview to close")
def open(self, address, method='get', headers={}, auth=None):
"""Opens a web page.
:param address: The resource URL.
:param method: The Http method.
:param headers: An optional dict of extra request hearders.
:param auth: An optional tupple of HTTP auth (username, password).
:return: Page resource, All loaded resources.
"""
body = QByteArray()
try:
method = getattr(QNetworkAccessManager,
"%sOperation" % method.capitalize())
except AttributeError:
raise Exception("Invalid http method %s" % method)
request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(address))
request.CacheLoadControl(0)
for header in headers:
request.setRawHeader(header, headers[header])
self._auth = auth
self._auth_attempt = 0 # Avoids reccursion
self.main_frame.load(request, method, body)
self.loaded = False
return self.wait_for_page_loaded()
class prompt:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript prompt().
:param value: A string value to fill in prompt.
:param callback: A callable that returns the value to fill in.
"""
def __init__(self, value='', callback=None):
self.value = value
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._prompt_expected = (self.value, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._prompt_expected = None
@client_utils_required
def region_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Returns frame region for given selector as tupple.
:param selector: The targeted element.
"""
geo = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).geometry()
try:
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
except:
raise Exception("can't get region for selector '%s'" % selector)
return region
@can_load_page
@client_utils_required
def set_field_value(self, selector, value, blur=True):
"""Sets the value of the field matched by given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector that target the field.
:param value: The value to fill in.
:param blur: An optional boolean that force blur when filled in.
"""
def _set_text_value(selector, value):
return self.evaluate('document.querySelector("%s").value=%s;' %
(selector, json.dumps(value)))
res, resources = None, []
element = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector)
if element.isNull():
raise Exception('can\'t find element for %s"' % selector)
self.fire_on(selector, 'focus')
if element.tagName() in ["TEXTAREA", "SELECT"]:
res, resources = _set_text_value(selector, value)
elif element.tagName() == "INPUT":
if element.attribute('type') in [
"color", "date", "datetime", "datetime-local", "email",
"hidden", "month", "number", "password", "range", "search",
"tel", "text", "time", "url", "week"
]:
res, resources = _set_text_value(selector, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "checkbox":
res, resources = self.evaluate(
'GhostUtils.setCheckboxValue("%s", %s);' %
(selector, json.dumps(value)))
elif element.attribute('type') == "radio":
res, resources = self.evaluate(
'GhostUtils.setRadioValue("%s", %s);' %
(selector, json.dumps(value)))
elif element.attribute('type') == "file":
Ghost._upload_file = value
res, resources = self.click(selector)
Ghost._upload_file = None
else:
raise Exception('unsuported field tag')
if blur:
self.fire_on(selector, 'blur')
return res, resources
def set_viewport_size(self, width, height):
"""Sets the page viewport size.
:param width: An integer that sets width pixel count.
:param height: An integer that sets height pixel count.
"""
self.page.setViewportSize(QSize(width, height))
def show(self):
"""Show current page inside a QWebView.
"""
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def wait_for(self, condition, timeout_message):
"""Waits until condition is True.
:param condition: A callable that returns the condition.
:param timeout_message: The exception message on timeout.
"""
started_at = time.time()
while not condition():
if time.time() > (started_at + self.wait_timeout):
raise Exception(timeout_message)
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
if self.wait_callback is not None:
self.wait_callback()
def wait_for_alert(self):
"""Waits for main frame alert().
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: Ghost._alert is not None,
'User has not been alerted.')
msg = Ghost._alert
Ghost._alert = None
return msg, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_page_loaded(self):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded, 'Unable to load requested page')
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None
url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url:
page = resource
return page, resources
def wait_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Waits until selector match an element on the frame.
:param selector: The selector to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.exists(selector),
'Can\'t find element matching "%s"' % selector)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_text(self, text):
"""Waits until given text appear on main frame.
:param text: The text to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: text in self.content,
'Can\'t find "%s" in current frame' % text)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def _authenticate(self, mix, authenticator):
"""Called back on basic / proxy http auth.
:param mix: The QNetworkReply or QNetworkProxy object.
:param authenticator: The QAuthenticator object.
"""
if self._auth_attempt == 0:
username, password = self._auth
authenticator.setUser(username)
authenticator.setPassword(password)
self._auth_attempt += 1
def _page_loaded(self):
"""Called back when page is loaded.
"""
self.loaded = True
self.cache.clear()
def _page_load_started(self):
"""Called back when page load started.
"""
self.loaded = False
def _release_last_resources(self):
"""Releases last loaded resources.
:return: The released resources.
"""
last_resources = self.http_resources
self.http_resources = []
return last_resources
def _request_ended(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(HttpResource(reply, self.cache))
def _unsupported_content(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources with unsupported
content.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(
HttpResource(reply, self.cache, reply.readAll()))
class Ghost(object):
"""Ghost manages a QWebPage.
:param user_agent: The default User-Agent header.
:param wait_timeout: Maximum step duration in second.
:param wait_callback: An optional callable that is periodically
executed until Ghost stops waiting.
:param log_level: The optional logging level.
:param display: A boolean that tells ghost to displays UI.
:param viewport_size: A tuple that sets initial viewport size.
:param ignore_ssl_errors: A boolean that forces ignore ssl errors.
:param cache_dir: A directory path where to store cache datas.
:param plugins_enabled: Enable plugins (like Flash).
:param java_enabled: Enable Java JRE.
:param plugin_path: Array with paths to plugin directories (default ['/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins'])
:param download_images: Indicate if the browser should download images
"""
_alert = None
_confirm_expected = None
_prompt_expected = None
_upload_file = None
_app = None
def __init__(self, user_agent=default_user_agent, wait_timeout=8,
wait_callback=None, log_level=logging.WARNING, display=False,
viewport_size=(800, 600), ignore_ssl_errors=True,
cache_dir=os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "ghost.py"),
plugins_enabled=False, java_enabled=False,
plugin_path=['/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins',],
download_images=True, qt_debug=False):
self.http_resources = []
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.wait_timeout = wait_timeout
self.wait_callback = wait_callback
self.ignore_ssl_errors = ignore_ssl_errors
self.loaded = True
if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and not 'DISPLAY' in os.environ\
and not hasattr(Ghost, 'xvfb'):
try:
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
Ghost.xvfb = subprocess.Popen(['Xvfb', ':99'])
except OSError:
raise Error('Xvfb is required to a ghost run outside ' +
'an X instance')
self.display = display
if not Ghost._app:
Ghost._app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(['ghost'])
qInstallMsgHandler(QTMessageProxy(qt_debug))
if plugin_path:
for p in plugin_path:
Ghost._app.addLibraryPath(p)
self.popup_messages = []
self.page = GhostWebPage(Ghost._app, self)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setMaximumPagesInCache(0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setObjectCacheCapacities(0, 0, 0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.globalSettings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.LocalStorageEnabled, True)
self.page.setForwardUnsupportedContent(True)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, download_images)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled, plugins_enabled)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.JavaEnabled, java_enabled)
self.set_viewport_size(*viewport_size)
# Page signals
self.page.loadFinished.connect(self._page_loaded)
self.page.loadStarted.connect(self._page_load_started)
self.page.unsupportedContent.connect(self._unsupported_content)
self.manager = self.page.networkAccessManager()
self.manager.finished.connect(self._request_ended)
self.manager.sslErrors.connect(self._on_manager_ssl_errors)
# Cache
self.cache = QNetworkDiskCache()
self.cache.setCacheDirectory(cache_dir)
self.manager.setCache(self.cache)
# Cookie jar
self.cookie_jar = QNetworkCookieJar()
self.manager.setCookieJar(self.cookie_jar)
# User Agent
self.page.setUserAgent(self.user_agent)
self.page.networkAccessManager().authenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.page.networkAccessManager().proxyAuthenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.main_frame = self.page.mainFrame()
logger.setLevel(log_level)
if self.display:
class MyQWebView(QtWebKit.QWebView):
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(*viewport_size)
self.webview = MyQWebView()
if plugins_enabled:
self.webview.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled, True)
if java_enabled:
self.webview.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.JavaEnabled, True)
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
else:
self.webview = None
def __del__(self):
self.exit()
def capture(self, region=None, selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Returns snapshot as QImage.
:param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
if region is None and selector is not None:
region = self.region_for_selector(selector)
if region:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = region
w, h = (x2 - x1), (y2 - y1)
image = QImage(QSize(x2, y2), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
image = image.copy(x1, y1, w, h)
else:
self.main_frame.setScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.Vertical, QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
self.main_frame.setScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal, QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
self.page.setViewportSize(self.main_frame.contentsSize())
image = QImage(self.page.viewportSize(), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
return image
def capture_to(self, path, region=None, selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Saves snapshot as image.
:param path: The destination path.
:param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
self.capture(region=region, format=format,
selector=selector).save(path)
def print_to_pdf(self,
path,
paper_size = (8.5, 11.0),
paper_margins = (0, 0, 0, 0),
paper_units = QPrinter.Inch,
zoom_factor = 1.0,
):
"""Saves page as a pdf file.
See qt4 QPrinter documentation for more detailed explanations
of options.
:param path: The destination path.
:param paper_size: A 2-tuple indicating size of page to print to.
:param paper_margins: A 4-tuple indicating size of each margin.
:param paper_units: Units for pager_size, pager_margins.
:param zoom_factor: Scale the output content.
"""
assert len(paper_size) == 2
assert len(paper_margins) == 4
printer = QPrinter(mode = QPrinter.ScreenResolution)
printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter.PdfFormat)
printer.setPaperSize(QtCore.QSizeF(*paper_size), paper_units)
printer.setPageMargins(*(paper_margins + (paper_units,)))
printer.setFullPage(True)
printer.setOutputFileName(path)
if self.webview is None:
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.setZoomFactor(zoom_factor)
self.webview.print_(printer)
@can_load_page
def click(self, selector):
"""Click the targeted element.
:param selector: A CSS3 selector to targeted element.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find element to click")
return self.evaluate("""
var element = document.querySelector("%s");
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
false, false, false, false, 0, element);
element.dispatchEvent(evt)
""" % selector)
class confirm:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript confirm().
:param confirm: A boolean to set confirmation.
:param callable: A callable that returns a boolean for confirmation.
"""
def __init__(self, confirm=True, callback=None):
self.confirm = confirm
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._confirm_expected = (self.confirm, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._confirm_expected = None
@property
def content(self, to_unicode=True):
"""Returns current frame HTML as a string.
:param to_unicode: Whether to convert html to unicode or not
"""
if to_unicode:
return unicode(self.main_frame.toHtml())
else:
return self.main_frame.toHtml()
@property
def cookies(self):
"""Returns all cookies."""
return self.cookie_jar.allCookies()
def delete_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all cookies."""
self.cookie_jar.setAllCookies([])
def clear_alert_message(self):
"""Clears the alert message"""
self._alert = None
@can_load_page
def evaluate(self, script):
"""Evaluates script in page frame.
:param script: The script to evaluate.
"""
return (self.main_frame.evaluateJavaScript("%s" % script),
self._release_last_resources())
def evaluate_js_file(self, path, encoding='utf-8'):
"""Evaluates javascript file at given path in current frame.
Raises native IOException in case of invalid file.
:param path: The path of the file.
:param encoding: The file's encoding.
"""
self.evaluate(codecs.open(path, encoding=encoding).read())
def exists(self, selector):
"""Checks if element exists for given selector.
:param string: The element selector.
"""
return not self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).isNull()
def exit(self):
"""Exits application and related."""
if self.display:
self.webview.close()
Ghost._app.quit()
del self.manager
del self.page
del self.main_frame
if hasattr(self, 'xvfb'):
self.xvfb.terminate()
@can_load_page
def fill(self, selector, values):
"""Fills a form with provided values.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target form to fill.
:param values: A dict containing the values.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find form")
resources = []
for field in values:
r, res = self.set_field_value("%s [name=%s]" % (selector, field),
values[field])
resources.extend(res)
return True, resources
@can_load_page
def fire_on(self, selector, method):
"""Call method on element matching given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target element.
:param method: The name of the method to fire.
:param expect_loading: Specifies if a page loading is expected.
"""
return self.evaluate('document.querySelector("%s").%s();' % \
(selector, method))
def global_exists(self, global_name):
"""Checks if javascript global exists.
:param global_name: The name of the global.
"""
return self.evaluate('!(typeof %s === "undefined");' %
global_name)[0]
def hide(self):
"""Close the webview."""
try:
self.webview.close()
except:
raise Error("no webview to close")
def load_cookies( self, cookie_storage, keep_old=False ):
"""load from cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file.
:param cookie_storage: file location string on disk or CookieJar instance.
:param keep_old: Don't reset, keep cookies not overridden.
"""
def toQtCookieJar( PyCookieJar, QtCookieJar ):
allCookies = QtCookieJar.cookies if keep_old else []
for pc in PyCookieJar:
qc = toQtCookie(pc)
allCookies.append(qc)
QtCookieJar.setAllCookies(allCookies)
def toQtCookie(PyCookie):
qc = QNetworkCookie( PyCookie.name, PyCookie.value )
qc.setSecure(PyCookie.secure)
if PyCookie.path_specified:
qc.setPath(PyCookie.path)
if PyCookie.domain != "" :
qc.setDomain(PyCookie.domain)
if PyCookie.expires != 0:
t = QDateTime()
t.setTime_t(PyCookie.expires)
qc.setExpirationDate(t)
# not yet handled(maybe less useful):
# py cookie.rest / QNetworkCookie.setHttpOnly()
return qc
if cookie_storage.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
cj = LWPCookieJar(cookie_storage)
cj.load()
toQtCookieJar(cj, self.cookie_jar)
elif cookie_storage.__class__.__name__.endswith('CookieJar') :
toQtCookieJar(cookie_storage, self.cookie_jar)
else:
raise ValueError, 'unsupported cookie_storage type.'
def open(self, address, method='get', headers={}, auth=None, body=None,
default_popup_response=None):
"""Opens a web page.
:param address: The resource URL.
:param method: The Http method.
:param headers: An optional dict of extra request hearders.
:param auth: An optional tuple of HTTP auth (username, password).
:param body: An optional string containing a payload.
:param default_popup_response: the default response for any confirm/
alert/prompt popup from the Javascript (replaces the need for the with
blocks)
:return: Page resource, All loaded resources.
"""
body = body or QByteArray()
try:
method = getattr(QNetworkAccessManager,
"%sOperation" % method.capitalize())
except AttributeError:
raise Error("Invalid http method %s" % method)
request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(address))
request.CacheLoadControl(0)
for header in headers:
request.setRawHeader(header, headers[header])
self._auth = auth
self._auth_attempt = 0 # Avoids reccursion
self.main_frame.load(request, method, body)
self.loaded = False
Ghost._prompt_expected = (default_popup_response, None)
Ghost._confirm_expected = (default_popup_response, None)
return self.wait_for_page_loaded()
class prompt:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript prompt().
:param value: A string value to fill in prompt.
:param callback: A callable that returns the value to fill in.
"""
def __init__(self, value='', callback=None):
self.value = value
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._prompt_expected = (self.value, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._prompt_expected = None
def region_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Returns frame region for given selector as tuple.
:param selector: The targeted element.
"""
geo = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).geometry()
try:
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
except:
raise Error("can't get region for selector '%s'" % selector)
return region
def save_cookies(self, cookie_storage):
"""Save to cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file.
:param cookie_storage: file location string or CookieJar instance.
"""
def toPyCookieJar(QtCookieJar, PyCookieJar):
for c in QtCookieJar.allCookies():
PyCookieJar.set_cookie(toPyCookie(c))
def toPyCookie(QtCookie):
port=None
port_specified=False
secure=QtCookie.isSecure()
name=str(QtCookie.name())
value=str(QtCookie.value())
v = str(QtCookie.path())
path_specified = bool( v != "" )
path = v if path_specified else None
v = str(QtCookie.domain())
domain_specified = bool( v != "" )
domain = v
domain_initial_dot = v.startswith('.') if domain_specified else None
v = long(QtCookie.expirationDate().toTime_t())
# Long type boundary on 32bit platfroms; avoid ValueError
expires = 2147483647 if v > 2147483647 else v
rest = {}
discard = False
return Cookie(0, name, value, port, port_specified, domain
, domain_specified, domain_initial_dot, path, path_specified
, secure, expires, discard, None, None, rest)
if cookie_storage.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
cj = LWPCookieJar(cookie_storage)
toPyCookieJar(self.cookie_jar,cj)
cj.save()
elif cookie_storage.__class__.__name__.endswith('CookieJar') :
toPyCookieJar(self.cookie_jar,cookie_storage)
else:
raise ValueError, 'unsupported cookie_storage type.'
@can_load_page
def set_field_value(self, selector, value, blur=True):
"""Sets the value of the field matched by given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector that target the field.
:param value: The value to fill in.
:param blur: An optional boolean that force blur when filled in.
"""
def _set_checkbox_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
if value is True:
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
else:
el.removeAttribute('checked')
def _set_checkboxes_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
_set_checkbox_value(el, True)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(el, False)
def _set_radio_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
def _set_text_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('value', value)
def _set_select_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
self.evaluate('document.querySelector("%s").value = "%s";' %
(selector.replace('"', '\"'), value.replace('"', '\"')))
def _set_textarea_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setPlainText(value)
res, ressources = None, []
element = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector)
if element.isNull():
raise Error('can\'t find element for %s"' % selector)
if element.tagName() == "SELECT":
_set_select_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "TEXTAREA":
_set_textarea_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "INPUT":
if element.attribute('type') in ["color", "date", "datetime",
"datetime-local", "email", "hidden", "month", "number",
"password", "range", "search", "tel", "text", "time",
"url", "week"]:
_set_text_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "checkbox":
els = self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector)
if els.count() > 1:
_set_checkboxes_value(els, value)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "radio":
_set_radio_value(self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector),
value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "file":
Ghost._upload_file = value
res, resources = self.click(selector)
Ghost._upload_file = None
else:
raise Error('unsuported field tag')
if blur:
self.fire_on(selector, 'blur')
return res, ressources
def set_proxy(self, type, host='localhost', port=8888, user='', password=''):
"""Set up proxy for FURTHER connections.
:param type: proxy type to use: \
none/default/socks5/https/http.
:param host: proxy server ip or host name.
:param port: proxy port.
"""
_types = {'default': QNetworkProxy.DefaultProxy,
'none': QNetworkProxy.NoProxy,
'socks5': QNetworkProxy.Socks5Proxy,
'https': QNetworkProxy.HttpProxy,
'http': QNetworkProxy.HttpCachingProxy }
if type is None: type='none'
type = type.lower()
if type in ['none','default'] :
self.manager.setProxy(QNetworkProxy(_types[type]))
return
elif type in _types:
proxy = QNetworkProxy(_types[type], hostName=host, port=port
, user=user, password=password )
self.manager.setProxy(proxy)
else:
raise ValueError, 'Unsupported proxy type:' + type \
+ '\nsupported types are: none/socks5/http/https/default'
def set_viewport_size(self, width, height):
"""Sets the page viewport size.
:param width: An integer that sets width pixel count.
:param height: An integer that sets height pixel count.
"""
self.page.setViewportSize(QSize(width, height))
def append_popup_message(self, message):
self.popup_messages.append(str(message))
def show(self):
"""Show current page inside a QWebView.
"""
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def sleep(self, value):
started_at = time.time()
while True:
if time.time() > (started_at + value):
break
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
def wait_for(self, condition, timeout_message):
"""Waits until condition is True.
:param condition: A callable that returns the condition.
:param timeout_message: The exception message on timeout.
"""
started_at = time.time()
while not condition():
if time.time() > (started_at + self.wait_timeout):
raise TimeoutError(timeout_message)
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
if self.wait_callback is not None:
self.wait_callback()
def wait_for_alert(self):
"""Waits for main frame alert().
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: Ghost._alert is not None,
'User has not been alerted.')
msg = Ghost._alert
Ghost._alert = None
return msg, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_page_loaded(self):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded,
'Unable to load requested page')
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None
url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
url_without_hash = url.split("#")[0]
for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url or url_without_hash == resource.url:
page = resource
return page, resources
def wait_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Waits until selector match an element on the frame.
:param selector: The selector to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.exists(selector),
'Can\'t find element matching "%s"' % selector)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_text(self, text):
"""Waits until given text appear on main frame.
:param text: The text to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: text in self.content,
'Can\'t find "%s" in current frame' % text)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def _authenticate(self, mix, authenticator):
"""Called back on basic / proxy http auth.
:param mix: The QNetworkReply or QNetworkProxy object.
:param authenticator: The QAuthenticator object.
"""
if self._auth_attempt == 0:
username, password = self._auth
authenticator.setUser(username)
authenticator.setPassword(password)
self._auth_attempt += 1
def _page_loaded(self):
"""Called back when page is loaded.
"""
self.loaded = True
self.cache.clear()
def _page_load_started(self):
"""Called back when page load started.
"""
self.loaded = False
def _release_last_resources(self):
"""Releases last loaded resources.
:return: The released resources.
"""
last_resources = self.http_resources
self.http_resources = []
return last_resources
def _request_ended(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
Logger.log("[%s] bytesAvailable()= %s" %(str(reply.url()), reply.bytesAvailable()), level="debug")
# Some web pages return cache headers that mandates not to cache the
# reply, which means we won't find this QNetworkReply in the cache
# object. In this case bytesAvailable will return > 0.
# Such pages are www.etsy.com
# This is a bit of a hack and due to the async nature of QT, might
# not work at times. We should move to using some proxied implementation
# of QNetworkManager and QNetworkReply in order to get the contents
# of the requests properly rather than relying on the cache.
if reply.bytesAvailable() > 0:
content = reply.peek(reply.bytesAvailable())
else:
content = None
self.http_resources.append(HttpResource(reply, self.cache,
content=content))
def _unsupported_content(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources with unsupported
content.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: reply.isFinished(), 'Download timeout.')
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(HttpResource(reply, self.cache,
reply.readAll()))
def _on_manager_ssl_errors(self, reply, errors):
url = unicode(reply.url().toString())
if self.ignore_ssl_errors:
reply.ignoreSslErrors()
else:
Logger.log('SSL certificate error: %s' % url, level='warning')
class Ghost(object):
"""Ghost manages a QWebPage.
:param user_agent: The default User-Agent header.
:param wait_timeout: Maximum step duration in second.
:param wait_callback: An optional callable that is periodically
executed until Ghost stops waiting.
:param log_level: The optional logging level.
:param display: A boolean that tells ghost to displays UI.
:param viewport_size: A tuple that sets initial viewport size.
:param ignore_ssl_errors: A boolean that forces ignore ssl errors.
:param cache_dir: A directory path where to store cache datas.
:param plugins_enabled: Enable plugins (like Flash).
:param java_enabled: Enable Java JRE.
:param plugin_path: Array with paths to plugin directories (default ['/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins'])
:param download_images: Indicate if the browser should download images
"""
_alert = None
_confirm_expected = None
_prompt_expected = None
_upload_file = None
_app = None
def __init__(self,
user_agent=default_user_agent,
wait_timeout=8,
wait_callback=None,
log_level=logging.WARNING,
display=False,
viewport_size=(800, 600),
ignore_ssl_errors=True,
cache_dir=os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "ghost.py"),
plugins_enabled=False,
java_enabled=False,
plugin_path=[
'/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins',
],
download_images=True,
qt_debug=False):
self.http_resources = []
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.wait_timeout = wait_timeout
self.wait_callback = wait_callback
self.ignore_ssl_errors = ignore_ssl_errors
self.loaded = True
if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and not 'DISPLAY' in os.environ\
and not hasattr(Ghost, 'xvfb'):
try:
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
Ghost.xvfb = subprocess.Popen(['Xvfb', ':99'])
except OSError:
raise Error('Xvfb is required to a ghost run outside ' +
'an X instance')
self.display = display
if not Ghost._app:
Ghost._app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(['ghost'])
qInstallMsgHandler(QTMessageProxy(qt_debug))
if plugin_path:
for p in plugin_path:
Ghost._app.addLibraryPath(p)
self.popup_messages = []
self.page = GhostWebPage(Ghost._app, self)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setMaximumPagesInCache(0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.setObjectCacheCapacities(0, 0, 0)
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.globalSettings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.LocalStorageEnabled, True)
self.page.setForwardUnsupportedContent(True)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages,
download_images)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled,
plugins_enabled)
self.page.settings().setAttribute(QtWebKit.QWebSettings.JavaEnabled,
java_enabled)
self.set_viewport_size(*viewport_size)
# Page signals
self.page.loadFinished.connect(self._page_loaded)
self.page.loadStarted.connect(self._page_load_started)
self.page.unsupportedContent.connect(self._unsupported_content)
self.manager = self.page.networkAccessManager()
self.manager.finished.connect(self._request_ended)
self.manager.sslErrors.connect(self._on_manager_ssl_errors)
# Cache
self.cache = QNetworkDiskCache()
self.cache.setCacheDirectory(cache_dir)
self.manager.setCache(self.cache)
# Cookie jar
self.cookie_jar = QNetworkCookieJar()
self.manager.setCookieJar(self.cookie_jar)
# User Agent
self.page.setUserAgent(self.user_agent)
self.page.networkAccessManager().authenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.page.networkAccessManager().proxyAuthenticationRequired\
.connect(self._authenticate)
self.main_frame = self.page.mainFrame()
logger.setLevel(log_level)
if self.display:
class MyQWebView(QtWebKit.QWebView):
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(*viewport_size)
self.webview = MyQWebView()
if plugins_enabled:
self.webview.settings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.PluginsEnabled, True)
if java_enabled:
self.webview.settings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.JavaEnabled, True)
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
else:
self.webview = None
def __del__(self):
self.exit()
def capture(self,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Returns snapshot as QImage.
:param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
if region is None and selector is not None:
region = self.region_for_selector(selector)
if region:
x1, y1, x2, y2 = region
w, h = (x2 - x1), (y2 - y1)
image = QImage(QSize(x2, y2), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
image = image.copy(x1, y1, w, h)
else:
self.main_frame.setScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.Vertical,
QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
self.main_frame.setScrollBarPolicy(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal,
QtCore.Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
self.page.setViewportSize(self.main_frame.contentsSize())
image = QImage(self.page.viewportSize(), format)
painter = QPainter(image)
self.main_frame.render(painter)
painter.end()
return image
def capture_to(self,
path,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied):
"""Saves snapshot as image.
:param path: The destination path.
:param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
"""
self.capture(region=region, format=format,
selector=selector).save(path)
def print_to_pdf(
self,
path,
paper_size=(8.5, 11.0),
paper_margins=(0, 0, 0, 0),
paper_units=QPrinter.Inch,
zoom_factor=1.0,
):
"""Saves page as a pdf file.
See qt4 QPrinter documentation for more detailed explanations
of options.
:param path: The destination path.
:param paper_size: A 2-tuple indicating size of page to print to.
:param paper_margins: A 4-tuple indicating size of each margin.
:param paper_units: Units for pager_size, pager_margins.
:param zoom_factor: Scale the output content.
"""
assert len(paper_size) == 2
assert len(paper_margins) == 4
printer = QPrinter(mode=QPrinter.ScreenResolution)
printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter.PdfFormat)
printer.setPaperSize(QtCore.QSizeF(*paper_size), paper_units)
printer.setPageMargins(*(paper_margins + (paper_units, )))
printer.setFullPage(True)
printer.setOutputFileName(path)
if self.webview is None:
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.setZoomFactor(zoom_factor)
self.webview.print_(printer)
@can_load_page
def click(self, selector):
"""Click the targeted element.
:param selector: A CSS3 selector to targeted element.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find element to click")
return self.evaluate("""
var element = document.querySelector("%s");
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
false, false, false, false, 0, element);
element.dispatchEvent(evt)
""" % selector)
class confirm:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript confirm().
:param confirm: A boolean to set confirmation.
:param callable: A callable that returns a boolean for confirmation.
"""
def __init__(self, confirm=True, callback=None):
self.confirm = confirm
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._confirm_expected = (self.confirm, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._confirm_expected = None
@property
def content(self, to_unicode=True):
"""Returns current frame HTML as a string.
:param to_unicode: Whether to convert html to unicode or not
"""
if to_unicode:
return unicode(self.main_frame.toHtml())
else:
return self.main_frame.toHtml()
@property
def cookies(self):
"""Returns all cookies."""
return self.cookie_jar.allCookies()
def delete_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all cookies."""
self.cookie_jar.setAllCookies([])
def clear_alert_message(self):
"""Clears the alert message"""
self._alert = None
@can_load_page
def evaluate(self, script):
"""Evaluates script in page frame.
:param script: The script to evaluate.
"""
return (self.main_frame.evaluateJavaScript("%s" % script),
self._release_last_resources())
def evaluate_js_file(self, path, encoding='utf-8'):
"""Evaluates javascript file at given path in current frame.
Raises native IOException in case of invalid file.
:param path: The path of the file.
:param encoding: The file's encoding.
"""
self.evaluate(codecs.open(path, encoding=encoding).read())
def exists(self, selector):
"""Checks if element exists for given selector.
:param string: The element selector.
"""
return not self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).isNull()
def exit(self):
"""Exits application and related."""
if self.display:
self.webview.close()
Ghost._app.quit()
del self.manager
del self.page
del self.main_frame
if hasattr(self, 'xvfb'):
self.xvfb.terminate()
@can_load_page
def fill(self, selector, values):
"""Fills a form with provided values.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target form to fill.
:param values: A dict containing the values.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find form")
resources = []
for field in values:
r, res = self.set_field_value("%s [name=%s]" % (selector, field),
values[field])
resources.extend(res)
return True, resources
@can_load_page
def fire_on(self, selector, method):
"""Call method on element matching given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector to the target element.
:param method: The name of the method to fire.
:param expect_loading: Specifies if a page loading is expected.
"""
return self.evaluate('document.querySelector("%s").%s();' % \
(selector, method))
def global_exists(self, global_name):
"""Checks if javascript global exists.
:param global_name: The name of the global.
"""
return self.evaluate('!(typeof %s === "undefined");' % global_name)[0]
def hide(self):
"""Close the webview."""
try:
self.webview.close()
except:
raise Error("no webview to close")
def load_cookies(self, cookie_storage, keep_old=False):
"""load from cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file.
:param cookie_storage: file location string on disk or CookieJar instance.
:param keep_old: Don't reset, keep cookies not overridden.
"""
def toQtCookieJar(PyCookieJar, QtCookieJar):
allCookies = QtCookieJar.cookies if keep_old else []
for pc in PyCookieJar:
qc = toQtCookie(pc)
allCookies.append(qc)
QtCookieJar.setAllCookies(allCookies)
def toQtCookie(PyCookie):
qc = QNetworkCookie(PyCookie.name, PyCookie.value)
qc.setSecure(PyCookie.secure)
if PyCookie.path_specified:
qc.setPath(PyCookie.path)
if PyCookie.domain != "":
qc.setDomain(PyCookie.domain)
if PyCookie.expires != 0:
t = QDateTime()
t.setTime_t(PyCookie.expires)
qc.setExpirationDate(t)
# not yet handled(maybe less useful):
# py cookie.rest / QNetworkCookie.setHttpOnly()
return qc
if cookie_storage.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
cj = LWPCookieJar(cookie_storage)
cj.load()
toQtCookieJar(cj, self.cookie_jar)
elif cookie_storage.__class__.__name__.endswith('CookieJar'):
toQtCookieJar(cookie_storage, self.cookie_jar)
else:
raise ValueError, 'unsupported cookie_storage type.'
def open(self,
address,
method='get',
headers={},
auth=None,
body=None,
default_popup_response=None):
"""Opens a web page.
:param address: The resource URL.
:param method: The Http method.
:param headers: An optional dict of extra request hearders.
:param auth: An optional tuple of HTTP auth (username, password).
:param body: An optional string containing a payload.
:param default_popup_response: the default response for any confirm/
alert/prompt popup from the Javascript (replaces the need for the with
blocks)
:return: Page resource, All loaded resources.
"""
body = body or QByteArray()
try:
method = getattr(QNetworkAccessManager,
"%sOperation" % method.capitalize())
except AttributeError:
raise Error("Invalid http method %s" % method)
request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(address))
request.CacheLoadControl(0)
for header in headers:
request.setRawHeader(header, headers[header])
self._auth = auth
self._auth_attempt = 0 # Avoids reccursion
self.main_frame.load(request, method, body)
self.loaded = False
if default_popup_response is not None:
Ghost._prompt_expected = (default_popup_response, None)
Ghost._confirm_expected = (default_popup_response, None)
return self.wait_for_page_loaded()
class prompt:
"""Statement that tells Ghost how to deal with javascript prompt().
:param value: A string value to fill in prompt.
:param callback: A callable that returns the value to fill in.
"""
def __init__(self, value='', callback=None):
self.value = value
self.callback = callback
def __enter__(self):
Ghost._prompt_expected = (self.value, self.callback)
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
Ghost._prompt_expected = None
def region_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Returns frame region for given selector as tuple.
:param selector: The targeted element.
"""
geo = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).geometry()
try:
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
except:
raise Error("can't get region for selector '%s'" % selector)
return region
def save_cookies(self, cookie_storage):
"""Save to cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file.
:param cookie_storage: file location string or CookieJar instance.
"""
def toPyCookieJar(QtCookieJar, PyCookieJar):
for c in QtCookieJar.allCookies():
PyCookieJar.set_cookie(toPyCookie(c))
def toPyCookie(QtCookie):
port = None
port_specified = False
secure = QtCookie.isSecure()
name = str(QtCookie.name())
value = str(QtCookie.value())
v = str(QtCookie.path())
path_specified = bool(v != "")
path = v if path_specified else None
v = str(QtCookie.domain())
domain_specified = bool(v != "")
domain = v
domain_initial_dot = v.startswith(
'.') if domain_specified else None
v = long(QtCookie.expirationDate().toTime_t())
# Long type boundary on 32bit platfroms; avoid ValueError
expires = 2147483647 if v > 2147483647 else v
rest = {}
discard = False
return Cookie(0, name, value, port, port_specified, domain,
domain_specified, domain_initial_dot, path,
path_specified, secure, expires, discard, None, None,
rest)
if cookie_storage.__class__.__name__ == 'str':
cj = LWPCookieJar(cookie_storage)
toPyCookieJar(self.cookie_jar, cj)
cj.save()
elif cookie_storage.__class__.__name__.endswith('CookieJar'):
toPyCookieJar(self.cookie_jar, cookie_storage)
else:
raise ValueError, 'unsupported cookie_storage type.'
@can_load_page
def set_field_value(self, selector, value, blur=True):
"""Sets the value of the field matched by given selector.
:param selector: A CSS selector that target the field.
:param value: The value to fill in.
:param blur: An optional boolean that force blur when filled in.
"""
def _set_checkbox_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
if value is True:
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
else:
el.removeAttribute('checked')
def _set_checkboxes_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
_set_checkbox_value(el, True)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(el, False)
def _set_radio_value(els, value):
for el in els:
if el.attribute('value') == value:
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('checked', 'checked')
def _set_text_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setAttribute('value', value)
def _set_select_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
self.evaluate(
'document.querySelector("%s").value = "%s";' %
(selector.replace('"', '\"'), value.replace('"', '\"')))
def _set_textarea_value(el, value):
el.setFocus()
el.setPlainText(value)
res, ressources = None, []
element = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector)
if element.isNull():
raise Error('can\'t find element for %s"' % selector)
if element.tagName() == "SELECT":
_set_select_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "TEXTAREA":
_set_textarea_value(element, value)
elif element.tagName() == "INPUT":
if element.attribute('type') in [
"color", "date", "datetime", "datetime-local", "email",
"hidden", "month", "number", "password", "range", "search",
"tel", "text", "time", "url", "week"
]:
_set_text_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "checkbox":
els = self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector)
if els.count() > 1:
_set_checkboxes_value(els, value)
else:
_set_checkbox_value(element, value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "radio":
_set_radio_value(self.main_frame.findAllElements(selector),
value)
elif element.attribute('type') == "file":
Ghost._upload_file = value
res, resources = self.click(selector)
Ghost._upload_file = None
else:
raise Error('unsuported field tag')
if blur:
self.fire_on(selector, 'blur')
return res, ressources
def set_proxy(self,
type,
host='localhost',
port=8888,
user='',
password=''):
"""Set up proxy for FURTHER connections.
:param type: proxy type to use: \
none/default/socks5/https/http.
:param host: proxy server ip or host name.
:param port: proxy port.
"""
_types = {
'default': QNetworkProxy.DefaultProxy,
'none': QNetworkProxy.NoProxy,
'socks5': QNetworkProxy.Socks5Proxy,
'https': QNetworkProxy.HttpProxy,
'http': QNetworkProxy.HttpCachingProxy
}
if type is None: type = 'none'
type = type.lower()
if type in ['none', 'default']:
self.manager.setProxy(QNetworkProxy(_types[type]))
return
elif type in _types:
proxy = QNetworkProxy(_types[type],
hostName=host,
port=port,
user=user,
password=password)
self.manager.setProxy(proxy)
else:
raise ValueError, 'Unsupported proxy type:' + type \
+ '\nsupported types are: none/socks5/http/https/default'
def set_viewport_size(self, width, height):
"""Sets the page viewport size.
:param width: An integer that sets width pixel count.
:param height: An integer that sets height pixel count.
"""
self.page.setViewportSize(QSize(width, height))
def append_popup_message(self, message):
self.popup_messages.append(unicode(message))
def show(self):
"""Show current page inside a QWebView.
"""
self.webview = QtWebKit.QWebView()
self.webview.setPage(self.page)
self.webview.show()
def sleep(self, value):
started_at = time.time()
while True:
if time.time() > (started_at + value):
break
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
def wait_for(self, condition, timeout_message):
"""Waits until condition is True.
:param condition: A callable that returns the condition.
:param timeout_message: The exception message on timeout.
"""
started_at = time.time()
while not condition():
if time.time() > (started_at + self.wait_timeout):
raise TimeoutError(timeout_message)
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
if self.wait_callback is not None:
self.wait_callback()
def wait_for_alert(self):
"""Waits for main frame alert().
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: Ghost._alert is not None,
'User has not been alerted.')
msg = Ghost._alert
Ghost._alert = None
return msg, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_page_loaded(self):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded, 'Unable to load requested page')
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None
url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
url_without_hash = url.split("#")[0]
for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url or url_without_hash == resource.url:
page = resource
return page, resources
def wait_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Waits until selector match an element on the frame.
:param selector: The selector to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.exists(selector),
'Can\'t find element matching "%s"' % selector)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_text(self, text):
"""Waits until given text appear on main frame.
:param text: The text to wait for.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: text in self.content,
'Can\'t find "%s" in current frame' % text)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def _authenticate(self, mix, authenticator):
"""Called back on basic / proxy http auth.
:param mix: The QNetworkReply or QNetworkProxy object.
:param authenticator: The QAuthenticator object.
"""
if self._auth_attempt == 0:
username, password = self._auth
authenticator.setUser(username)
authenticator.setPassword(password)
self._auth_attempt += 1
def _page_loaded(self):
"""Called back when page is loaded.
"""
self.loaded = True
self.cache.clear()
def _page_load_started(self):
"""Called back when page load started.
"""
self.loaded = False
def _release_last_resources(self):
"""Releases last loaded resources.
:return: The released resources.
"""
last_resources = self.http_resources
self.http_resources = []
return last_resources
def _request_ended(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
Logger.log("[%s] bytesAvailable()= %s" %
(str(reply.url()), reply.bytesAvailable()),
level="debug")
# Some web pages return cache headers that mandates not to cache the
# reply, which means we won't find this QNetworkReply in the cache
# object. In this case bytesAvailable will return > 0.
# Such pages are www.etsy.com
# This is a bit of a hack and due to the async nature of QT, might
# not work at times. We should move to using some proxied implementation
# of QNetworkManager and QNetworkReply in order to get the contents
# of the requests properly rather than relying on the cache.
if reply.bytesAvailable() > 0:
content = reply.peek(reply.bytesAvailable())
else:
content = None
self.http_resources.append(
HttpResource(reply, self.cache, content=content))
def _unsupported_content(self, reply):
"""Adds an HttpResource object to http_resources with unsupported
content.
:param reply: The QNetworkReply object.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: reply.isFinished(), 'Download timeout.')
if reply.attribute(QNetworkRequest.HttpStatusCodeAttribute):
self.http_resources.append(
HttpResource(reply, self.cache, reply.readAll()))
def _on_manager_ssl_errors(self, reply, errors):
url = unicode(reply.url().toString())
if self.ignore_ssl_errors:
reply.ignoreSslErrors()
else:
Logger.log('SSL certificate error: %s' % url, level='warning')