def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + vf0 / KA',
e_str='vref0 - vref'
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='constant vref',
v_str='vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
)
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.vi.v_str = 'vf0 / KA'
self.vi.e_str = '(vref - LG_y - WF_y) - vi'
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.HLI = HardLimiter(u=self.vi, lower=self.VIMIN, upper=self.VIMAX,
info='Hard limiter on input',
)
self.vl = Algeb(info='Input after limiter',
tex_name='V_l',
v_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zu*VIMAX + HLI_zl*VIMIN',
e_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zu*VIMAX + HLI_zl*VIMIN - vl',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vl, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB, info='Lead-lag compensator', zero_out=True)
self.LR = Lag(u=self.LL_y, T=self.TA, K=self.KA, info='Regulator')
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LR_y, T=self.TF, K=self.KF, info='Stablizing circuit feedback')
# the following uses `XadIfd` for `IIFD` in the PSS/E manual
self.vfmax = Algeb(info='Upper bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmax}',
v_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd - vfmax',
)
self.vfmin = Algeb(info='Lower bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmin}',
v_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd - vfmin',
)
self.HLR = HardLimiter(u=self.WF_y, lower=self.vfmin, upper=self.vfmax,
info='Hard limiter on regulator output')
self.vout.e_str = 'LR_y*HLR_zi + vfmin*HLR_zl + vfmax*HLR_zu - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.LP = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total voltage input',
unit='pu',
e_str='ue * (-LP_y + vref + Vs - WF_y ) -vi ',
v_str='ue*(-v +vref)',
)
self.VRMAXu = ConstService('VRMAX * ue + (1-ue) * 999')
self.VRMINu = ConstService('VRMIN * ue + (1-ue) * -999')
self.VR = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.vi,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXu,
lower=self.VRMINu,
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.VR_y,
T1=self.TF3,
T2=self.TF2,
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LL_y, T=self.TF1, K=self.KF)
self.INTin = 'ue * (VR_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + VFE / KA'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.VFE.v_str = "INT_y * KE + Se "
self.VFE.e_str = "ue * (INT_y * KE + Se - VFE) "
# disable iterative initialization of the integrator output
self.INT.y.v_str = 'vf0'
self.INT.y.v_iter = None
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
super(IEEESTModel, self).__init__(system, config)
self.KST5 = ConstService(v_str='KS * T5', tex_name='KS*T5')
self.SW = Switcher(
u=self.MODE,
options=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
)
self.signal = Algeb(
tex_name='S_{in}',
info='Input signal',
)
# input signals:
# 1 (s0) - Rotor speed deviation (p.u.)
# 2 (s1) - Bus frequency deviation (p.u.) # TODO: calculate freq without reimpl.
# 3 (s2) - Generator electrical power in Gen MVABase (p.u.) # TODO: allow using system.config.mva
# 4 (s3) - Generator accelerating power (p.u.)
# 5 (s4) - Bus voltage (p.u.)
# 6 (s5) - Derivative of p.u. bus voltage # TODO: memory block for calc. of derivative
self.signal.e_str = 'SW_s0 * (1-omega) + SW_s1 * 0 + SW_s2 * te + ' \
'SW_s3 * (tm-tm0) + SW_s4 *v + SW_s5 * 0 - signal'
self.F1 = Lag2ndOrd(u=self.signal, K=1, T1=self.A1, T2=self.A2)
self.F2 = LeadLag2ndOrd(u=self.F1_y,
T1=self.A3,
T2=self.A4,
T3=self.A5,
T4=self.A6)
self.LL1 = LeadLag(u=self.F2_y, T1=self.T1, T2=self.T2)
self.LL2 = LeadLag(u=self.LL1_y, T1=self.T3, T2=self.T4)
self.WO = Washout(u=self.LL2_y, T=self.T6, K=self.KST5) # WO_y == Vss
self.VLIM = Limiter(u=self.WO_y,
lower=self.LSMIN,
upper=self.LSMAX,
info='Vss limiter')
self.Vss = Algeb(
tex_name='V_{ss}',
info='Voltage output before output limiter',
e_str='VLIM_zi * WO_y + VLIM_zu * LSMAX + VLIM_zl * LSMIN - Vss')
self.OLIM = Limiter(u=self.v,
lower=self.VCL,
upper=self.VCU,
info='output limiter')
# TODO: allow ignoring VCU or VCL when zero
self.vsout.e_str = 'OLIM_zi * Vss - vsout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
BusFreq.__init__(self, system, config)
self.Tr = NumParam(default=0.1,
info="frequency washout time constant",
tex_name='T_r')
self.Wf = Washout(u=self.f,
K=1,
T=self.Tr,
info='frequency washout yielding ROCOF',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
ModelData.__init__(self)
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'FreqMeasurement'
# Parameters
self.bus = IdxParam(info="bus idx", mandatory=True)
self.Tf = NumParam(default=0.02, info="input digital filter time const", unit="sec",
tex_name='T_f')
self.Tw = NumParam(default=0.02, info="washout time const", unit="sec",
tex_name='T_w')
self.fn = NumParam(default=60.0, info="nominal frequency", unit='Hz',
tex_name='f_n')
# Variables
self.iwn = ConstService(v_str='u / (2 * pi * fn)', tex_name=r'1/\omega_n')
self.a0 = ExtService(src='a',
model='Bus',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta_0',
info='initial phase angle',
)
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
)
self.L = Lag(u='(a-a0)',
T=self.Tf,
K=1,
info='digital filter',
)
self.WO = Washout(u=self.L_y,
K=self.iwn,
T=self.Tw,
info='angle washout',
)
self.f = Algeb(info='frequency output',
unit='p.u. (Hz)',
tex_name='f',
v_str='1',
e_str='1 + WO_y - f',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
# Saturation
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vb0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u='vi + WF_y',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.vout,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(self.E1, self.SE1, self.E2, self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
# calculate `Se0` ahead of time in order to calculate `vr0`
# The term `1-ug` is to prevent division by zero when generator is off
self.Se0 = ConstService(info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / (vf0 + 1 - ug)',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + vb0',
e_str='vref0 - vref'
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant v ref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False,
)
self.Se = Algeb(tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)", info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (vp - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B - Se * vp',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.vp = State(info='Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term',
tex_name='V_p',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vf0',
e_str='ue * (LA_y - KE*vp - Se*vp)',
t_const=self.TE,
)
self.LS = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1.0, info='Sensing lag TF')
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.vi.v_str = 'vb0'
self.vi.e_str = '(vref - LS_y - W_y) - vi'
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag for internal delays',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAX,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.W = Washout(u=self.vp,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF1,
info='Signal conditioner'
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * omega * vp - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.flags.nr_iter = True
# NOTE: e_str `KC*XadIfd / INT_y - IN` causes numerical inaccuracies
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='ue * (KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_str = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
# input excitation voltages;
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='V_A, Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
) # LL_y == VA
self.VAMAXu = ConstService('VAMAX * ue + (1-ue) * 999')
self.VAMINu = ConstService('VAMIN * ue + (1-ue) * -999')
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAXu,
lower=self.VAMINu,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VA
self.HVG = HVGate(u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LA_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.INTin = 'ue * (LVG_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + VFE / KA'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * FEX_y * INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Transducer delay',
)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B*(SAT_A-vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vfe0 / KA',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0 - v',
e_str='(vref - v - WF_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LL_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.VRU = VarService(
v_str='VRMAXc * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMAX}',
)
self.VRL = VarService(
v_str='VRMIN * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMIN}',
)
# TODO: WARNING: HVGate is temporarily skipped
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRU,
lower=self.VRL,
info='Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VR
# `LessThan` may be causing memory issue in (SL_z0 * vout) - uncertain yet
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.INT_y,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF,
info='Feedback to input')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name=r'V_{E}',
info=r'V_{E}',
v_str='Abs(KP * (vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*KI*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.V40 = ConstService('sqrt(VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2)')
self.VR0 = ConstService(info='Initial VR',
tex_name='V_{R0}',
v_str='vf0 * KE - V40')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='VR0 / KA')
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1, info='Sensing delay')
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + vb0'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref')
# NOTE: for offline exciters, `vi` equation ignores ext. voltage changes
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='vref - v',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LA3 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (vi - WF_y)',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info=r'V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA3_y is V_R
# FIXME: antiwindup out of limit is not warned of in initialization
self.zeros = ConstService(v_str='0.0')
self.LA1 = Lag(
'ue * (VB_y * HL_zi + VBMAX * HL_zu)',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
D=self.KE,
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LA1_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout')
self.SQE = Algeb(
tex_name=r'SQE',
info=r'Square of error after mul',
v_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2',
e_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2 - SQE',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.zeros,
bound=self.SQE,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.VB = Piecewise(self.SQE,
points=(0, ),
funs=('ue * LA3_y', 'ue * (sqrt(SQE) + LA3_y)'))
self.HL = HardLimiter(
u=self.VB_y,
lower=self.zeros,
upper=self.VBMAX,
info='Hard limiter for VB',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (LA1_y - vout)'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Ae * exp(Be * vf0)',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref0 = ConstService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vb0 + v')
self.Se = Algeb(info='Saturation output',
tex_name='S_e',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='Ae * exp(Be * vout) - Se')
self.vp = State(
info='Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term',
tex_name='V_p',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vf0',
e_str='(LA_x - KE * vp - Se * vp) / TE')
self.LS = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1.0, info='Sensing lag TF')
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vb0',
e_str='(vref - LS_x - W_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag for internal delays',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAX,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.W = Washout(
u=self.vp,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF1,
)
self.vout.e_str = 'omega * vp - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name=r'V_{E}',
info=r'V_{E}',
v_str='Abs(KP * (vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*KI*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.V40 = ConstService('sqrt(VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2)')
self.VR0 = ConstService(info='Initial VR',
tex_name='V_{R0}',
v_str='vf0 * KE - V40')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='VR0 / KA')
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1, info='Sensing delay')
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + vb0'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref')
# NOTE: for offline exciters, `vi` equation ignores ext. voltage changes
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LA3 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (vi - WF_y)',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info=r'V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA3_y is V_R
self.zero = ConstService(v_str='0.0')
self.one = ConstService(v_str='1.0')
self.LA1 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (LA3_y + V4)',
T=self.TE,
K=self.one,
D=self.KE,
upper=self.VBMAX,
lower=self.zero,
info=r'E_{FD}, vout, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA1_y is final output
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LA1_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout')
self.SQE = VarService(
tex_name=r'SQE',
info=r'Square Error',
v_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.zero,
bound=self.SQE,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.V4 = VarService(
tex_name='V_4',
v_str='SL_z1 * sqrt(SQE)',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (LA1_y - vout)'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(self.E1, self.SE1, self.E2, self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout, bound=self.SAT_A, equal=False, enable=True, cache=False)
self.Se0 = ConstService(info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='KC * XadIfd / INT_y - IN',
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_iter = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-v + vref - WF_y - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='Regulator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
info='Lag AW on VR',
)
self.INT = Integrator(u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.INT.y.v_str = 0.1
self.INT.y.v_iter = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vf0'
self.Se = Algeb(tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)", info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD - VFE'
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + VFE / KA',
e_str='vref0 - vref',
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.ulim = ConstService('9999')
self.llim = ConstService('-9999')
self.SWUEL = Switcher(u=self.UELc,
options=[0, 1, 2, 3],
tex_name='SW_{UEL}',
cache=True)
self.SWVOS = Switcher(u=self.VOSc,
options=[0, 1, 2],
tex_name='SW_{VOS}',
cache=True)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.SG0 = ConstService(v_str='0', info='SG initial value.')
self.SG = Algeb(
tex_name='SG',
info='SG',
v_str='SG0',
e_str='SG0 - SG',
)
self.zero = ConstService('0')
self.LR = GainLimiter(
u='XadIfd - ILR',
K=self.KLR,
R=1,
upper=self.ulim,
lower=self.zero,
no_upper=True,
info='Exciter output current gain limiter',
)
self.VA0 = PostInitService(tex_name='V_{A0}',
v_str='vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y',
info='VA (LA_y) initial value')
self.vref.v_str = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref.v_iter = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs) - vi',
v_iter=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
v_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
)
self.vil = GainLimiter(
u=self.vi,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.VIMAX,
lower=self.VIMIN,
info='Exciter voltage input limiter',
)
self.UEL2 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_2',
info='UEL_2 as HVG1 u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim) - UEL2',
)
self.HVG1 = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL2,
u2=self.vil_y,
info='HVGate after V_I',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.HVG1_y,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LL1 = LeadLag(
u=self.LL_y,
T1=self.TC1,
T2=self.TB1,
info='Lead-lag compensator 1',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL1_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAX,
lower=self.VAMIN,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y is VA
self.vas = Algeb(
tex_name=r'V_{As}',
info='V_A after subtraction, as HVG u2',
v_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
v_iter='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
e_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y) - vas',
)
self.UEL3 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_3',
info='UEL_3 as HVG u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim) - UEL3',
)
self.HVG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL3,
u2=self.vas,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(
u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for over excitation',
)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.efdu = VarService(
info='Output exciter voltage upper bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{u}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
)
self.efdl = VarService(info='Output exciter voltage lower bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{l}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMIN')
self.vol = GainLimiter(
u=self.LVG_y,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.efdu,
lower=self.efdl,
info='Exciter output limiter',
)
self.WF = Washout(
u=self.LVG_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * vol_y - vout'