def setup_class(cls):
# We set up some representations with, on purpose, copy=False,
# so we can check that broadcasting is handled correctly.
lon = Longitude(np.arange(0, 24, 4), u.hourangle)
lat = Latitude(np.arange(-90, 91, 30), u.deg)
# With same-sized arrays
cls.s0 = SphericalRepresentation(
lon[:, np.newaxis] * np.ones(lat.shape),
lat * np.ones(lon.shape)[:, np.newaxis],
np.ones(lon.shape + lat.shape) * u.kpc,
copy=False)
cls.diff = SphericalDifferential(
d_lon=np.ones(cls.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_lat=np.ones(cls.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_distance=np.ones(cls.s0.shape) * u.km / u.s,
copy=False)
cls.s0 = cls.s0.with_differentials(cls.diff)
# With unequal arrays -> these will be broadcasted.
cls.s1 = SphericalRepresentation(lon[:, np.newaxis],
lat,
1. * u.kpc,
differentials=cls.diff,
copy=False)
# For completeness on some tests, also a cartesian one
cls.c0 = cls.s0.to_cartesian()
def test_regression_8615():
# note this is a "higher-level" symptom of the problem that a test now moved
# to pyerfa (erfa/tests/test_erfa:test_float32_input) is testing for, but we keep
# it here as well due to being a more practical version of the issue.
crf = CartesianRepresentation(np.array([3, 0, 4], dtype=float) * u.pc)
srf = SphericalRepresentation.from_cartesian(crf) # does not error in 8615
cr = CartesianRepresentation(np.array([3, 0, 4], dtype='f4') * u.pc)
sr = SphericalRepresentation.from_cartesian(cr) # errors in 8615
assert_quantity_allclose(sr.distance, 5 * u.pc)
assert_quantity_allclose(srf.distance, 5 * u.pc)
def test_shape_setting(self):
# Shape-setting should be on the object itself, since copying removes
# zero-strides due to broadcasting. We reset the objects at the end.
self.s0.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
# this works with the broadcasting.
self.s1.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.strides == (0, 0, 0)
# but this one does not.
oldshape = self.s1.shape
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
self.s1.shape = (1, )
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
self.s1.shape = (42, )
assert self.s1.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lon.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lat.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.distance.shape == oldshape
# Finally, a more complicated one that checks that things get reset
# properly if it is not the first component that fails.
s2 = SphericalRepresentation(self.s1.lon.copy(),
self.s1.lat,
self.s1.distance,
copy=False)
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s2.shape = (42, )
assert s2.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lon.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lat.shape == oldshape
assert s2.distance.shape == oldshape
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
self.setup()
def make_earth_vis_grids(nside=32, n_reps=1):
from acis_taco import calc_earth_vis, RAD_EARTH, acis_taco
hp = astropy_healpix.HEALPix(nside=nside, order='nested')
npix = astropy_healpix.nside_to_npix(nside)
print(f'npix={npix}')
lons, lats = hp.healpix_to_lonlat(np.arange(npix))
time0 = time.time()
# Allow randomization between altitudes
for i_rep in range(n_reps):
vis_arrays = []
# Randomize the ray-trace points for each rep
acis_taco._RANDOM_SALT = None
acis_taco.SPHERE_XYZ = acis_taco.random_hemisphere(acis_taco.N_SPHERE)
acis_taco.SPHERE_X = acis_taco.SPHERE_XYZ[:, 0].copy()
for i_alt, alt in enumerate(alts):
srs = SphericalRepresentation(lon=lons,
lat=lats,
distance=alt + RAD_EARTH)
xyzs = srs.to_cartesian()
peb_xs = xyzs.x.to_value()
peb_ys = xyzs.y.to_value()
peb_zs = xyzs.z.to_value()
vis = []
for peb_x, peb_y, peb_z in zip(peb_xs, peb_ys, peb_zs):
_, illums, _ = calc_earth_vis(
p_earth_body=[peb_x, peb_y, peb_z])
vis.append(np.sum(illums))
vis = np.array(vis)
vis_arrays.append(vis)
vis_grid = np.vstack(vis_arrays)
if i_alt % 10 == 0:
print(
f'alt={alt / 1000:.2f} km at dt={time.time() - time0:.1f}')
ii = 1
while True:
filename = Path(f'earth_vis_grid_nside{nside}_rep{ii}.npy')
if filename.exists():
ii += 1
continue
else:
print(f'Saving {filename}')
np.save(filename, vis_grid)
break
return vis_grid
def test_cirs_to_altaz():
"""
Check the basic CIRS<->AltAz transforms. More thorough checks implicitly
happen in `test_iau_fullstack`
"""
from astropy.coordinates import EarthLocation
ra, dec, dist = randomly_sample_sphere(200)
cirs = CIRS(ra=ra, dec=dec, obstime='J2000')
crepr = SphericalRepresentation(lon=ra, lat=dec, distance=dist)
cirscart = CIRS(crepr,
obstime=cirs.obstime,
representation_type=CartesianRepresentation)
loc = EarthLocation(lat=0 * u.deg, lon=0 * u.deg, height=0 * u.m)
altazframe = AltAz(location=loc, obstime=Time('J2005'))
cirs2 = cirs.transform_to(altazframe).transform_to(cirs)
cirs3 = cirscart.transform_to(altazframe).transform_to(cirs)
# check round-tripping
assert_allclose(cirs.ra, cirs2.ra)
assert_allclose(cirs.dec, cirs2.dec)
assert_allclose(cirs.ra, cirs3.ra)
assert_allclose(cirs.dec, cirs3.dec)
def test_cirs_to_hadec():
"""
Check the basic CIRS<->HADec transforms.
"""
from astropy.coordinates import EarthLocation
usph = golden_spiral_grid(200)
dist = np.linspace(0.5, 1, len(usph)) * u.pc
cirs = CIRS(usph, obstime='J2000')
crepr = SphericalRepresentation(lon=usph.lon, lat=usph.lat, distance=dist)
cirscart = CIRS(crepr,
obstime=cirs.obstime,
representation_type=CartesianRepresentation)
loc = EarthLocation(lat=0 * u.deg, lon=0 * u.deg, height=0 * u.m)
hadecframe = HADec(location=loc, obstime=Time('J2005'))
cirs2 = cirs.transform_to(hadecframe).transform_to(cirs)
cirs3 = cirscart.transform_to(hadecframe).transform_to(cirs)
# check round-tripping
assert_allclose(cirs.ra, cirs2.ra)
assert_allclose(cirs.dec, cirs2.dec)
assert_allclose(cirs.ra, cirs3.ra)
assert_allclose(cirs.dec, cirs3.dec)
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
origin_frame = kwargs.pop('north', None)
if origin_frame is None:
raise TypeError(
"Can't initialize an NorthOffsetFrame without a `north` keyword."
)
if hasattr(origin_frame, 'frame'):
origin_frame = origin_frame.frame
rep = origin_frame.spherical
lon = rep.lon
lat = rep.lat
if lat > 0 * u.deg:
lat = lat - 90 * u.deg
rotation = None
else:
lon = lon - 180 * u.deg
lat = -90 * u.deg - lat
rotation = 180 * u.deg
new_rep = SphericalRepresentation(lon=lon,
lat=lat,
distance=rep.distance)
new_origin = origin_frame.realize_frame(new_rep)
kwargs['origin'] = new_origin
kwargs['rotation'] = rotation
return SkyOffsetFrame(*args, **kwargs)
def setup_grid(self, wavelength=656*u.nm):
# use HEALPIX to get evenly sized tiles
NSIDE = hp.npix2nside(self.ntiles)
colat, lon = hp.pix2ang(NSIDE, np.arange(0, self.ntiles))
# co-latitude
theta_values = u.Quantity(colat, unit=u.rad)
# longitude
phi_values = u.Quantity(lon, unit=u.rad)
# the following formulae use the Roche approximation and assume
# solid body rotation
# solve for radius of rotating star at these co-latitudes
if self.distortion:
radii = self.radius*np.array([newton(surface, 1.01, args=(self.omega, x)) for x in theta_values])
else:
radii = self.radius*np.ones(self.ntiles)
# and effective gravities
geff = np.sqrt((-const.G*self.mass/radii**2 + self.Omega**2 * radii * np.sin(theta_values)**2)**2 +
self.Omega**4 * radii**2 * np.sin(theta_values)**2 * np.cos(theta_values)**2)
# now make a ntiles sized CartesianRepresentation of positions
self.tile_locs = SphericalRepresentation(phi_values,
90*u.deg-theta_values,
radii).to_cartesian()
# normal to tile is the direction of the derivate of the potential
# this is the vector form of geff above
# the easiest way to express it is that it differs from (r, theta, phi)
# by a small amount in the theta direction epsilon
x = radii/self.radius
a = 1./x**2 - (8./27.)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values)**2
b = np.sqrt(
(-1./x**2 + (8./27)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values)**2)**2 +
((8./27)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values) * np.cos(theta_values))**2
)
epsilon = np.arccos(a/b)
self.tile_dirs = UnitSphericalRepresentation(phi_values,
90*u.deg - theta_values - epsilon)
self.tile_dirs = self.tile_dirs.to_cartesian()
# and ntiles sized arrays of tile properties
tile_temperatures = 2000.0 * u.K * (geff / geff.max())**self.beta
# fluxes, not accounting for limb darkening
self.tile_scales = np.ones(self.ntiles)
self.tile_fluxes = blackbody_nu(wavelength, tile_temperatures)
# tile areas
spher = self.tile_locs.represent_as(SphericalRepresentation)
self.tile_areas = spher.distance**2 * hp.nside2pixarea(NSIDE) * u.rad * u.rad
omega_vec = CartesianRepresentation(
u.Quantity([0.0, 0.0, self.Omega.value],
unit=self.Omega.unit)
)
# get velocities of tiles
self.tile_velocities = cross(omega_vec, self.tile_locs)
def test_shape_setting(self):
# Shape-setting should be on the object itself, since copying removes
# zero-strides due to broadcasting. We reset the objects at the end.
self.s0.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
# this works with the broadcasting.
self.s1.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.strides == (0, 0, 0)
# but this one does not.
oldshape = self.s1.shape
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
self.s1.shape = (42,)
assert self.s1.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lon.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lat.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.distance.shape == oldshape
# Finally, a more complicated one that checks that things get reset
# properly if it is not the first component that fails.
s2 = SphericalRepresentation(self.s1.lon.copy(), self.s1.lat,
self.s1.distance, copy=False)
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s2.shape = (42,)
assert s2.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lon.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lat.shape == oldshape
assert s2.distance.shape == oldshape
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
self.setup()
def test_regression_6236():
# sunpy changes its representation upon initialisation of a frame,
# including via `realize_frame`. Ensure this works.
class MyFrame(BaseCoordinateFrame):
default_representation = CartesianRepresentation
my_attr = QuantityAttribute(default=0, unit=u.m)
class MySpecialFrame(MyFrame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
_rep_kwarg = kwargs.get('representation_type', None)
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
if not _rep_kwarg:
self.representation_type = self.default_representation
self._data = self.data.represent_as(self.representation_type)
rep1 = UnitSphericalRepresentation([0., 1] * u.deg, [2., 3.] * u.deg)
rep2 = SphericalRepresentation([10., 11] * u.deg, [12., 13.] * u.deg,
[14., 15.] * u.kpc)
mf1 = MyFrame(rep1, my_attr=1. * u.km)
mf2 = mf1.realize_frame(rep2)
# Normally, data is stored as is, but the representation gets set to a
# default, even if a different representation instance was passed in.
# realize_frame should do the same. Just in case, check attrs are passed.
assert mf1.data is rep1
assert mf2.data is rep2
assert mf1.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert mf2.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert mf2.my_attr == mf1.my_attr
# It should be independent of whether I set the reprensentation explicitly
mf3 = MyFrame(rep1, my_attr=1. * u.km, representation_type='unitspherical')
mf4 = mf3.realize_frame(rep2)
assert mf3.data is rep1
assert mf4.data is rep2
assert mf3.representation_type is UnitSphericalRepresentation
assert mf4.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert mf4.my_attr == mf3.my_attr
# This should be enough to help sunpy, but just to be sure, a test
# even closer to what is done there, i.e., transform the representation.
msf1 = MySpecialFrame(rep1, my_attr=1. * u.km)
msf2 = msf1.realize_frame(rep2)
assert msf1.data is not rep1 # Gets transformed to Cartesian.
assert msf2.data is not rep2
assert type(msf1.data) is CartesianRepresentation
assert type(msf2.data) is CartesianRepresentation
assert msf1.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert msf2.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert msf2.my_attr == msf1.my_attr
# And finally a test where the input is not transformed.
msf3 = MySpecialFrame(rep1,
my_attr=1. * u.km,
representation_type='unitspherical')
msf4 = msf3.realize_frame(rep2)
assert msf3.data is rep1
assert msf4.data is not rep2
assert msf3.representation_type is UnitSphericalRepresentation
assert msf4.representation_type is CartesianRepresentation
assert msf4.my_attr == msf3.my_attr
def __getcoordinatearrays__(rotate=True,
representation='Cylindrical',
**kwargs):
""" This function will create a 2D/3D array from the requested shape in
kwargs['shape']. It can either return this array into cartesian,
polar/cylindrical or spherical coordinates. Using the optional rotate
keyword the array can also be rotated into the plane of the sky. This
requires the position angle, 'PA', and the inclinatio, 'Incl'.
Parameters
----------
rotate : 'True' | 'False'
This will either return the rotated or non-rotated array.
representation : 'Cylindrical' | 'Cartesian' | 'Spherical'
Representation to use for the returned array.
Returns
-------
2 or 3 numpy arrays corresponding to the rho, phi, (z) array, the x, y, (z)
array or the rho, lon, (lat array).
"""
# create x, y ,and z arrays
tshape = np.array(kwargs['shape'])
shape = (tshape[-1], tshape[-2], np.max(tshape))
Indices = np.indices(shape, dtype=float)
# translate the array
Indices[0] = Indices[0] - kwargs['par']['Xcen']
Indices[1] = Indices[1] - kwargs['par']['Ycen']
Indices[2] = Indices[2] - int(kwargs['shape'][2] / 2.)
# make a cartesian representation for matrix rotation
CarRep = CartesianRepresentation(Indices, unit=u.pix)
if rotate:
# rotation due to PA (NOTE different axis definition)
CarRep = CarRep.transform(
rm(kwargs['par']['PA'] + np.pi / 2, axis='z', unit=u.rad))
# rotation due to inclination (NOTE different axis definition)
CarRep = CarRep.transform(
rm(kwargs['par']['Incl'], axis='x', unit=u.rad))
else:
# rotate by 90 degrees because of definition of PA
CarRep = CarRep.transform(rm(np.pi / 2, axis='z', unit=u.rad))
# the representation to use and the return values
if representation == 'Cartesian':
return CarRep.x.value, CarRep.y.value, CarRep.z.value
elif representation == 'Cylindrical':
Rep = CylindricalRepresentation.from_cartesian(CarRep)
return Rep.rho.value, Rep.phi.value, Rep.z.value
elif representation == 'Spherical':
Rep = SphericalRepresentation.from_cartesian(CarRep)
return Rep.distance.value, Rep.lon.value, Rep.lat.value
def hadec_to_radec(ha, dec, t):
"""
Convert apparent HA, Dec to J2000 RA, Dec
:param ha: hour angle with unit
:param dec: declination with unit
:param Time/str t: Observing time
:return: SkyCoord object of J2000 coordinates
"""
# Convert time to Time object if given as string
if isinstance(t, str):
t = Time(t)
# create spherical representation of ITRS coordinates of given ha, dec
itrs_spherical = SphericalRepresentation(WSRT_LOC.lon - ha, dec, 1.)
# create ITRS object, which requires cartesian input
coord = SkyCoord(itrs_spherical.to_cartesian(), frame='itrs', obstime=t)
# convert to J2000
return coord.icrs.ra, coord.icrs.dec
def obsgeo_to_frame(obsgeo, obstime):
"""
Convert a WCS obsgeo property into an `~builtin_frames.ITRS` coordinate frame.
Parameters
----------
obsgeo : array-like
A shape ``(6, )`` array representing ``OBSGEO-[XYZ], OBSGEO-[BLH]`` as
returned by ``WCS.wcs.obsgeo``.
obstime : time-like
The time assiociated with the coordinate, will be passed to
`~.builtin_frames.ITRS` as the obstime keyword.
Returns
-------
`~.builtin_frames.ITRS`
An `~.builtin_frames.ITRS` coordinate frame
representing the coordinates.
Notes
-----
The obsgeo array as accessed on a `.WCS` object is a length 6 numpy array
where the first three elements are the coordinate in a cartesian
representation and the second 3 are the coordinate in a spherical
representation.
This function priorities reading the cartesian coordinates, and will only
read the spherical coordinates if the cartesian coordinates are either all
zero or any of the cartesian coordinates are non-finite.
In the case where both the spherical and cartesian coordinates have some
non-finite values the spherical coordinates will be returned with the
non-finite values included.
"""
if (obsgeo is None or len(obsgeo) != 6
or np.all(np.array(obsgeo) == 0)
or np.all(~np.isfinite(obsgeo))): # NOQA
raise ValueError(
f"Can not parse the 'obsgeo' location ({obsgeo}). "
"obsgeo should be a length 6 non-zero, finite numpy array")
# If the cartesian coords are zero or have NaNs in them use the spherical ones
if np.all(obsgeo[:3] == 0) or np.any(~np.isfinite(obsgeo[:3])):
data = SphericalRepresentation(*(obsgeo[3:] * (u.deg, u.deg, u.m)))
# Otherwise we assume the cartesian ones are valid
else:
data = CartesianRepresentation(*obsgeo[:3] * u.m)
return ITRS(data, obstime=obstime)
def test_atciqz_aticq(st):
"""Check replacements against erfa versions for consistency."""
t, pos = st
jd1, jd2 = get_jd12(t, 'tdb')
astrom, _ = erfa.apci13(jd1, jd2)
ra, dec = pos
srepr = SphericalRepresentation(ra, dec, 1)
ra = ra.value
dec = dec.value
assert_allclose(erfa.atciqz(ra, dec, astrom), atciqz(srepr, astrom))
assert_allclose(erfa.aticq(ra, dec, astrom), aticq(srepr, astrom))
def hadec_to_radec(ha, dec, t, lon=WSRT_LOC.lat):
"""
Convert apparent HA, Dec to J2000 RA, Dec
:param ha: hour angle with unit
:param dec: declination with unit
:param t: UT time (string or astropy.time.Time)
:param lon: Longitude with unit (default: WSRT)
:return: SkyCoord object of J2000 coordinates
"""
# Convert time to Time object if given as string
if isinstance(t, str):
t = Time(t)
# create spherical representation of ITRS coordinates of given ha, dec
itrs_spherical = SphericalRepresentation(lon - ha, dec, 1.)
# create ITRS object, which requires cartesian input
coord = SkyCoord(itrs_spherical.to_cartesian(), frame='itrs', obstime=t)
# convert to J2000
return coord.icrs
def setup(self):
lon = Longitude(np.arange(0, 24, 4), u.hourangle)
lat = Latitude(np.arange(-90, 91, 30), u.deg)
# With same-sized arrays
self.s0 = SphericalRepresentation(
lon[:, np.newaxis] * np.ones(lat.shape),
lat * np.ones(lon.shape)[:, np.newaxis],
np.ones(lon.shape + lat.shape) * u.kpc)
self.diff = SphericalDifferential(
d_lon=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.mas/u.yr,
d_lat=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.mas/u.yr,
d_distance=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.km/u.s)
self.s0 = self.s0.with_differentials(self.diff)
# With unequal arrays -> these will be broadcasted.
self.s1 = SphericalRepresentation(lon[:, np.newaxis], lat, 1. * u.kpc,
differentials=self.diff)
# For completeness on some tests, also a cartesian one
self.c0 = self.s0.to_cartesian()
def setup(self):
lon = Longitude(np.arange(0, 24, 4), u.hourangle)
lat = Latitude(np.arange(-90, 91, 30), u.deg)
# With same-sized arrays
self.s0 = SphericalRepresentation(
lon[:, np.newaxis] * np.ones(lat.shape),
lat * np.ones(lon.shape)[:, np.newaxis],
np.ones(lon.shape + lat.shape) * u.kpc)
self.diff = SphericalDifferential(
d_lon=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_lat=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_distance=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.km / u.s)
self.s0 = self.s0.with_differentials(self.diff)
# With unequal arrays -> these will be broadcasted.
self.s1 = SphericalRepresentation(lon[:, np.newaxis],
lat,
1. * u.kpc,
differentials=self.diff)
# For completeness on some tests, also a cartesian one
self.c0 = self.s0.to_cartesian()
def rotatedsun_to_reference(rotatedsun_coord, reference_frame):
# Transform to HCI
from_coord = rotatedsun_coord.base.realize_frame(rotatedsun_coord.data)
hci_coord = from_coord.transform_to(HeliocentricInertial(obstime=reference_frame.obstime))
oldrepr = hci_coord.spherical
# Rotate the coordinate in HCI
from sunpy.physics.differential_rotation import diff_rot
log.debug(f"Applying {rotatedsun_coord.duration} of solar rotation")
newlon = oldrepr.lon + diff_rot(rotatedsun_coord.duration,
oldrepr.lat,
rot_type=rotatedsun_coord.rotation_model,
frame_time='sidereal')
newrepr = SphericalRepresentation(newlon, oldrepr.lat, oldrepr.distance)
# Transform back from HCI
hci_coord = HeliocentricInertial(newrepr, obstime=reference_frame.obstime)
return hci_coord.transform_to(reference_frame)
def reference_to_rotatedsun(hgs_coord, rotatedsun_frame):
int_frame = HeliographicStonyhurst(
obstime=rotatedsun_frame.base.obstime)
int_coord = hgs_coord.make_3d().transform_to(
int_frame) # obstime change handled here
oldrepr = int_coord.spherical
# Rotate the coordinate in HGS
from sunpy.physics.differential_rotation import diff_rot
log.debug(f"Applying {rotatedsun_frame.duration} of solar rotation")
newlon = oldrepr.lon - diff_rot(
rotatedsun_frame.duration,
oldrepr.lat,
rot_type=rotatedsun_frame.rotation_model,
frame_time='sidereal')
newrepr = SphericalRepresentation(newlon, oldrepr.lat,
oldrepr.distance)
# Transform from HGS
new_coord = int_coord.realize_frame(newrepr).transform_to(
rotatedsun_frame.base)
return rotatedsun_frame.realize_frame(new_coord.data)
0 * u.arcsec)], None),
([UnitSphericalRepresentation(0 * u.deg,
0 * u.arcsec)], None),
([UnitSphericalRepresentation(0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec)], {
'obstime': '2011/01/01T00:00:00'
})]
"""
These are common 3D params, kwargs are frame specific
"""
three_D_parameters = [
([0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm], None),
([0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm], {
'obstime': '2011/01/01T00:00:00'
}), ([0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm], {
'representation': 'spherical'
}), ([SphericalRepresentation(0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm)], None),
([SphericalRepresentation(0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm)], None),
([SphericalRepresentation(0 * u.deg, 0 * u.arcsec, 1 * u.Mm)], {
'obstime': '2011/01/01T00:00:00'
})
]
# ==============================================================================
# Helioprojective Tests
# ==============================================================================
@pytest.mark.parametrize('args, kwargs',
two_D_parameters + [(None, {
'Tx': 0 * u.deg,
'Ty': 0 * u.arcsec
@pytest.mark.parametrize('frame', ['fk4', 'altaz'])
def test_skycoord(frame):
c = SkyCoord([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]],
unit='deg', frame=frame,
obstime=Time('2016-01-02'),
location=EarthLocation(1000, 2000, 3000, unit=u.km))
cy = load(dump(c))
compare_coord(c, cy)
@pytest.mark.parametrize('rep', [
CartesianRepresentation(1*u.m, 2.*u.m, 3.*u.m),
SphericalRepresentation([[1, 2], [3, 4]]*u.deg,
[[5, 6], [7, 8]]*u.deg,
10*u.pc),
UnitSphericalRepresentation(0*u.deg, 10*u.deg),
SphericalCosLatDifferential([[1.], [2.]]*u.mas/u.yr,
[4., 5.]*u.mas/u.yr,
[[[10]], [[20]]]*u.km/u.s),
CartesianDifferential([10, 20, 30]*u.km/u.s),
CartesianRepresentation(
[1, 2, 3]*u.m,
differentials=CartesianDifferential([10, 20, 30]*u.km/u.s)),
SphericalRepresentation(
[[1, 2], [3, 4]]*u.deg, [[5, 6], [7, 8]]*u.deg, 10*u.pc,
differentials={
's': SphericalDifferential([[0., 1.], [2., 3.]]*u.mas/u.yr,
[[4., 5.], [6., 7.]]*u.mas/u.yr,
10*u.km/u.s)})])
# fix this.
if attr == 'info.meta':
if a1 is None:
a1 = {}
if a2 is None:
a2 = {}
assert np.all(a1 == a2)
# Testing FITS table read/write with mixins. This is mostly
# copied from ECSV mixin testing.
el = EarthLocation(x=1 * u.km, y=3 * u.km, z=5 * u.km)
el2 = EarthLocation(x=[1, 2] * u.km, y=[3, 4] * u.km, z=[5, 6] * u.km)
sr = SphericalRepresentation([0, 1] * u.deg, [2, 3] * u.deg, 1 * u.kpc)
cr = CartesianRepresentation([0, 1] * u.pc, [4, 5] * u.pc, [8, 6] * u.pc)
sd = SphericalCosLatDifferential([0, 1] * u.mas / u.yr, [0, 1] * u.mas / u.yr,
10 * u.km / u.s)
srd = SphericalRepresentation(sr, differentials=sd)
sc = SkyCoord([1, 2], [3, 4], unit='deg,deg', frame='fk4', obstime='J1990.5')
scc = sc.copy()
scc.representation_type = 'cartesian'
tm = Time([2450814.5, 2450815.5], format='jd', scale='tai', location=el)
# NOTE: in the test below the name of the column "x" for the Quantity is
# important since it tests the fix for #10215 (namespace clash, where "x"
# clashes with "el2.x").
mixin_cols = {
'tm':
tm,
class TestManipulation():
"""Manipulation of Representation shapes.
Checking that attributes are manipulated correctly.
Even more exhaustive tests are done in time.tests.test_methods
"""
def setup(self):
lon = Longitude(np.arange(0, 24, 4), u.hourangle)
lat = Latitude(np.arange(-90, 91, 30), u.deg)
# With same-sized arrays
self.s0 = SphericalRepresentation(
lon[:, np.newaxis] * np.ones(lat.shape),
lat * np.ones(lon.shape)[:, np.newaxis],
np.ones(lon.shape + lat.shape) * u.kpc)
self.diff = SphericalDifferential(
d_lon=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.mas/u.yr,
d_lat=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.mas/u.yr,
d_distance=np.ones(self.s0.shape)*u.km/u.s)
self.s0 = self.s0.with_differentials(self.diff)
# With unequal arrays -> these will be broadcasted.
self.s1 = SphericalRepresentation(lon[:, np.newaxis], lat, 1. * u.kpc,
differentials=self.diff)
# For completeness on some tests, also a cartesian one
self.c0 = self.s0.to_cartesian()
def test_ravel(self):
s0_ravel = self.s0.ravel()
assert type(s0_ravel) is type(self.s0)
assert s0_ravel.shape == (self.s0.size,)
assert np.all(s0_ravel.lon == self.s0.lon.ravel())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert s0_ravel.differentials['s'].shape == (self.s0.size,)
# Since s1 was broadcast, ravel needs to make a copy.
s1_ravel = self.s1.ravel()
assert type(s1_ravel) is type(self.s1)
assert s1_ravel.shape == (self.s1.size,)
assert s1_ravel.differentials['s'].shape == (self.s1.size,)
assert np.all(s1_ravel.lon == self.s1.lon.ravel())
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_ravel.lat, self.s1.lat)
def test_copy(self):
s0_copy = self.s0.copy()
s0_copy_diff = s0_copy.differentials['s']
assert s0_copy.shape == self.s0.shape
assert np.all(s0_copy.lon == self.s0.lon)
assert np.all(s0_copy.lat == self.s0.lat)
# Check copy was made of internal data.
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_copy.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_copy_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_flatten(self):
s0_flatten = self.s0.flatten()
s0_diff = s0_flatten.differentials['s']
assert s0_flatten.shape == (self.s0.size,)
assert s0_diff.shape == (self.s0.size,)
assert np.all(s0_flatten.lon == self.s0.lon.flatten())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.flatten())
# Flatten always copies.
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_flatten.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
s1_flatten = self.s1.flatten()
assert s1_flatten.shape == (self.s1.size,)
assert np.all(s1_flatten.lon == self.s1.lon.flatten())
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_flatten.lat, self.s1.lat)
def test_transpose(self):
s0_transpose = self.s0.transpose()
s0_diff = s0_transpose.differentials['s']
assert s0_transpose.shape == (7, 6)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_transpose.shape
assert np.all(s0_transpose.lon == self.s0.lon.transpose())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.transpose())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_transpose.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
s1_transpose = self.s1.transpose()
s1_diff = s1_transpose.differentials['s']
assert s1_transpose.shape == (7, 6)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_transpose.shape
assert np.all(s1_transpose.lat == self.s1.lat.transpose())
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.transpose())
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_transpose.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
# Only one check on T, since it just calls transpose anyway.
# Doing it on the CartesianRepresentation just for variety's sake.
c0_T = self.c0.T
assert c0_T.shape == (7, 6)
assert np.all(c0_T.x == self.c0.x.T)
assert np.may_share_memory(c0_T.y, self.c0.y)
def test_diagonal(self):
s0_diagonal = self.s0.diagonal()
s0_diff = s0_diagonal.differentials['s']
assert s0_diagonal.shape == (6,)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_diagonal.shape
assert np.all(s0_diagonal.lat == self.s0.lat.diagonal())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.diagonal())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diagonal.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_swapaxes(self):
s1_swapaxes = self.s1.swapaxes(0, 1)
s1_diff = s1_swapaxes.differentials['s']
assert s1_swapaxes.shape == (7, 6)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_swapaxes.shape
assert np.all(s1_swapaxes.lat == self.s1.lat.swapaxes(0, 1))
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.swapaxes(0, 1))
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_swapaxes.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_reshape(self):
s0_reshape = self.s0.reshape(2, 3, 7)
s0_diff = s0_reshape.differentials['s']
assert s0_reshape.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_reshape.shape
assert np.all(s0_reshape.lon == self.s0.lon.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.all(s0_reshape.lat == self.s0.lat.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.all(s0_reshape.distance == self.s0.distance.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.distance, self.s0.distance)
s1_reshape = self.s1.reshape(3, 2, 7)
s1_diff = s1_reshape.differentials['s']
assert s1_reshape.shape == (3, 2, 7)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_reshape.shape
assert np.all(s1_reshape.lat == self.s1.lat.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
# For reshape(3, 14), copying is necessary for lon, lat, but not for d
s1_reshape2 = self.s1.reshape(3, 14)
assert s1_reshape2.shape == (3, 14)
assert np.all(s1_reshape2.lon == self.s1.lon.reshape(3, 14))
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape2.lon, self.s1.lon)
assert s1_reshape2.distance.shape == (3, 14)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape2.distance, self.s1.distance)
def test_shape_setting(self):
# Shape-setting should be on the object itself, since copying removes
# zero-strides due to broadcasting. We reset the objects at the end.
self.s0.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
# this works with the broadcasting.
self.s1.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.strides == (0, 0, 0)
# but this one does not.
oldshape = self.s1.shape
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
self.s1.shape = (42,)
assert self.s1.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lon.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lat.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.distance.shape == oldshape
# Finally, a more complicated one that checks that things get reset
# properly if it is not the first component that fails.
s2 = SphericalRepresentation(self.s1.lon.copy(), self.s1.lat,
self.s1.distance, copy=False)
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s2.shape = (42,)
assert s2.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lon.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lat.shape == oldshape
assert s2.distance.shape == oldshape
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
self.setup()
def test_squeeze(self):
s0_squeeze = self.s0.reshape(3, 1, 2, 1, 7).squeeze()
s0_diff = s0_squeeze.differentials['s']
assert s0_squeeze.shape == (3, 2, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_squeeze.shape
assert np.all(s0_squeeze.lat == self.s0.lat.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_squeeze.lat, self.s0.lat)
def test_add_dimension(self):
s0_adddim = self.s0[:, np.newaxis, :]
s0_diff = s0_adddim.differentials['s']
assert s0_adddim.shape == (6, 1, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_adddim.shape
assert np.all(s0_adddim.lon == self.s0.lon[:, np.newaxis, :])
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon[:, np.newaxis, :])
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_adddim.lat, self.s0.lat)
def test_take(self):
s0_take = self.s0.take((5, 2))
s0_diff = s0_take.differentials['s']
assert s0_take.shape == (2,)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_take.shape
assert np.all(s0_take.lon == self.s0.lon.take((5, 2)))
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.take((5, 2)))
def test_broadcast_to(self):
s0_broadcast = self.s0._apply(np.broadcast_to, (3, 6, 7), subok=True)
s0_diff = s0_broadcast.differentials['s']
assert type(s0_broadcast) is type(self.s0)
assert s0_broadcast.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_broadcast.shape
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.lon == self.s0.lon)
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.lat == self.s0.lat)
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.distance == self.s0.distance)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.distance, self.s0.distance)
s1_broadcast = self.s1._apply(np.broadcast_to, shape=(3, 6, 7),
subok=True)
s1_diff = s1_broadcast.differentials['s']
assert s1_broadcast.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_broadcast.shape
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.lat == self.s1.lat)
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.lon == self.s1.lon)
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.distance == self.s1.distance)
assert s1_broadcast.distance.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.lon, self.s1.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.distance, self.s1.distance)
# A final test that "may_share_memory" equals "does_share_memory"
# Do this on a copy, to keep self.s0 unchanged.
sc = self.s0.copy()
assert not np.may_share_memory(sc.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert not np.may_share_memory(sc.lat, self.s0.lat)
sc_broadcast = sc._apply(np.broadcast_to, (3, 6, 7), subok=True)
assert np.may_share_memory(sc_broadcast.lon, sc.lon)
# Can only write to copy, not to broadcast version.
sc.lon[0, 0] = 22. * u.hourangle
assert np.all(sc_broadcast.lon[:, 0, 0] == 22. * u.hourangle)
# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see LICENSE.rst
"""Test replacements for ERFA functions atciqz and aticq."""
import pytest
import erfa
from astropy.tests.helper import assert_quantity_allclose as assert_allclose
from astropy.time import Time
import astropy.units as u
from astropy.coordinates.builtin_frames.utils import get_jd12, atciqz, aticq
from astropy.coordinates import SphericalRepresentation
# Hard-coded random values
sph = SphericalRepresentation(lon=[15., 214.] * u.deg,
lat=[-12., 64.] * u.deg,
distance=[1, 1.])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('t', [Time("2014-06-25T00:00"),
Time(["2014-06-25T00:00", "2014-09-24"])])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('pos', [sph[0], sph])
def test_atciqz_aticq(t, pos):
"""Check replacements against erfa versions for consistency."""
jd1, jd2 = get_jd12(t, 'tdb')
astrom, _ = erfa.apci13(jd1, jd2)
ra = pos.lon.to_value(u.rad)
dec = pos.lat.to_value(u.rad)
assert_allclose(erfa.atciqz(ra, dec, astrom), atciqz(pos, astrom))
assert_allclose(erfa.aticq(ra, dec, astrom), aticq(pos, astrom))
def loc(self):
sr = SphericalRepresentation(self.theta + self.phase0,
self.inclination*np.cos(self.theta),
self.r)
return sr.to_cartesian() + self.parent_body.loc
def plot_star(self, fade_out=True):
spots_spherical = SphericalRepresentation(
self.phi * u.rad, (self.theta - np.pi / 2) * u.rad, 1 * R_sun)
self.spots_spherical = spots_spherical
fig, ax = plot_star(spots_spherical, fade_out=fade_out)
class TestManipulation():
"""Manipulation of Representation shapes.
Checking that attributes are manipulated correctly.
Even more exhaustive tests are done in time.tests.test_methods
"""
def setup(self):
lon = Longitude(np.arange(0, 24, 4), u.hourangle)
lat = Latitude(np.arange(-90, 91, 30), u.deg)
# With same-sized arrays
self.s0 = SphericalRepresentation(
lon[:, np.newaxis] * np.ones(lat.shape),
lat * np.ones(lon.shape)[:, np.newaxis],
np.ones(lon.shape + lat.shape) * u.kpc)
self.diff = SphericalDifferential(
d_lon=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_lat=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.mas / u.yr,
d_distance=np.ones(self.s0.shape) * u.km / u.s)
self.s0 = self.s0.with_differentials(self.diff)
# With unequal arrays -> these will be broadcasted.
self.s1 = SphericalRepresentation(lon[:, np.newaxis],
lat,
1. * u.kpc,
differentials=self.diff)
# For completeness on some tests, also a cartesian one
self.c0 = self.s0.to_cartesian()
def test_ravel(self):
s0_ravel = self.s0.ravel()
assert type(s0_ravel) is type(self.s0)
assert s0_ravel.shape == (self.s0.size, )
assert np.all(s0_ravel.lon == self.s0.lon.ravel())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_ravel.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert s0_ravel.differentials['s'].shape == (self.s0.size, )
# Since s1 was broadcast, ravel needs to make a copy.
s1_ravel = self.s1.ravel()
assert type(s1_ravel) is type(self.s1)
assert s1_ravel.shape == (self.s1.size, )
assert s1_ravel.differentials['s'].shape == (self.s1.size, )
assert np.all(s1_ravel.lon == self.s1.lon.ravel())
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_ravel.lat, self.s1.lat)
def test_copy(self):
s0_copy = self.s0.copy()
s0_copy_diff = s0_copy.differentials['s']
assert s0_copy.shape == self.s0.shape
assert np.all(s0_copy.lon == self.s0.lon)
assert np.all(s0_copy.lat == self.s0.lat)
# Check copy was made of internal data.
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_copy.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_copy_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_flatten(self):
s0_flatten = self.s0.flatten()
s0_diff = s0_flatten.differentials['s']
assert s0_flatten.shape == (self.s0.size, )
assert s0_diff.shape == (self.s0.size, )
assert np.all(s0_flatten.lon == self.s0.lon.flatten())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.flatten())
# Flatten always copies.
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_flatten.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert not np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
s1_flatten = self.s1.flatten()
assert s1_flatten.shape == (self.s1.size, )
assert np.all(s1_flatten.lon == self.s1.lon.flatten())
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_flatten.lat, self.s1.lat)
def test_transpose(self):
s0_transpose = self.s0.transpose()
s0_diff = s0_transpose.differentials['s']
assert s0_transpose.shape == (7, 6)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_transpose.shape
assert np.all(s0_transpose.lon == self.s0.lon.transpose())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.transpose())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_transpose.distance, self.s0.distance)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
s1_transpose = self.s1.transpose()
s1_diff = s1_transpose.differentials['s']
assert s1_transpose.shape == (7, 6)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_transpose.shape
assert np.all(s1_transpose.lat == self.s1.lat.transpose())
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.transpose())
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_transpose.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
# Only one check on T, since it just calls transpose anyway.
# Doing it on the CartesianRepresentation just for variety's sake.
c0_T = self.c0.T
assert c0_T.shape == (7, 6)
assert np.all(c0_T.x == self.c0.x.T)
assert np.may_share_memory(c0_T.y, self.c0.y)
def test_diagonal(self):
s0_diagonal = self.s0.diagonal()
s0_diff = s0_diagonal.differentials['s']
assert s0_diagonal.shape == (6, )
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_diagonal.shape
assert np.all(s0_diagonal.lat == self.s0.lat.diagonal())
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.diagonal())
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diagonal.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_swapaxes(self):
s1_swapaxes = self.s1.swapaxes(0, 1)
s1_diff = s1_swapaxes.differentials['s']
assert s1_swapaxes.shape == (7, 6)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_swapaxes.shape
assert np.all(s1_swapaxes.lat == self.s1.lat.swapaxes(0, 1))
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.swapaxes(0, 1))
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_swapaxes.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
def test_reshape(self):
s0_reshape = self.s0.reshape(2, 3, 7)
s0_diff = s0_reshape.differentials['s']
assert s0_reshape.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_reshape.shape
assert np.all(s0_reshape.lon == self.s0.lon.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.all(s0_reshape.lat == self.s0.lat.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.all(s0_reshape.distance == self.s0.distance.reshape(2, 3, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_reshape.distance, self.s0.distance)
s1_reshape = self.s1.reshape(3, 2, 7)
s1_diff = s1_reshape.differentials['s']
assert s1_reshape.shape == (3, 2, 7)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_reshape.shape
assert np.all(s1_reshape.lat == self.s1.lat.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.all(s1_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_diff.d_lon, self.diff.d_lon)
# For reshape(3, 14), copying is necessary for lon, lat, but not for d
s1_reshape2 = self.s1.reshape(3, 14)
assert s1_reshape2.shape == (3, 14)
assert np.all(s1_reshape2.lon == self.s1.lon.reshape(3, 14))
assert not np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape2.lon, self.s1.lon)
assert s1_reshape2.distance.shape == (3, 14)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_reshape2.distance, self.s1.distance)
def test_shape_setting(self):
# Shape-setting should be on the object itself, since copying removes
# zero-strides due to broadcasting. We reset the objects at the end.
self.s0.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s0.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.diff.d_distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
# this works with the broadcasting.
self.s1.shape = (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lon.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.lat.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.shape == (2, 3, 7)
assert self.s1.distance.strides == (0, 0, 0)
# but this one does not.
oldshape = self.s1.shape
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
self.s1.shape = (1, )
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
self.s1.shape = (42, )
assert self.s1.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lon.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.lat.shape == oldshape
assert self.s1.distance.shape == oldshape
# Finally, a more complicated one that checks that things get reset
# properly if it is not the first component that fails.
s2 = SphericalRepresentation(self.s1.lon.copy(),
self.s1.lat,
self.s1.distance,
copy=False)
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
s2.shape = (42, )
assert s2.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lon.shape == oldshape
assert s2.lat.shape == oldshape
assert s2.distance.shape == oldshape
assert 0 not in s2.lon.strides
assert 0 in s2.lat.strides
self.setup()
def test_squeeze(self):
s0_squeeze = self.s0.reshape(3, 1, 2, 1, 7).squeeze()
s0_diff = s0_squeeze.differentials['s']
assert s0_squeeze.shape == (3, 2, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_squeeze.shape
assert np.all(s0_squeeze.lat == self.s0.lat.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.reshape(3, 2, 7))
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_squeeze.lat, self.s0.lat)
def test_add_dimension(self):
s0_adddim = self.s0[:, np.newaxis, :]
s0_diff = s0_adddim.differentials['s']
assert s0_adddim.shape == (6, 1, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_adddim.shape
assert np.all(s0_adddim.lon == self.s0.lon[:, np.newaxis, :])
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon[:, np.newaxis, :])
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_adddim.lat, self.s0.lat)
def test_take(self):
s0_take = self.s0.take((5, 2))
s0_diff = s0_take.differentials['s']
assert s0_take.shape == (2, )
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_take.shape
assert np.all(s0_take.lon == self.s0.lon.take((5, 2)))
assert np.all(s0_diff.d_lon == self.diff.d_lon.take((5, 2)))
def test_broadcast_to(self):
s0_broadcast = self.s0._apply(np.broadcast_to, (3, 6, 7), subok=True)
s0_diff = s0_broadcast.differentials['s']
assert type(s0_broadcast) is type(self.s0)
assert s0_broadcast.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert s0_diff.shape == s0_broadcast.shape
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.lon == self.s0.lon)
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.lat == self.s0.lat)
assert np.all(s0_broadcast.distance == self.s0.distance)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.lat, self.s0.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s0_broadcast.distance, self.s0.distance)
s1_broadcast = self.s1._apply(np.broadcast_to,
shape=(3, 6, 7),
subok=True)
s1_diff = s1_broadcast.differentials['s']
assert s1_broadcast.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert s1_diff.shape == s1_broadcast.shape
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.lat == self.s1.lat)
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.lon == self.s1.lon)
assert np.all(s1_broadcast.distance == self.s1.distance)
assert s1_broadcast.distance.shape == (3, 6, 7)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.lat, self.s1.lat)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.lon, self.s1.lon)
assert np.may_share_memory(s1_broadcast.distance, self.s1.distance)
# A final test that "may_share_memory" equals "does_share_memory"
# Do this on a copy, to keep self.s0 unchanged.
sc = self.s0.copy()
assert not np.may_share_memory(sc.lon, self.s0.lon)
assert not np.may_share_memory(sc.lat, self.s0.lat)
sc_broadcast = sc._apply(np.broadcast_to, (3, 6, 7), subok=True)
assert np.may_share_memory(sc_broadcast.lon, sc.lon)
# Can only write to copy, not to broadcast version.
sc.lon[0, 0] = 22. * u.hourangle
assert np.all(sc_broadcast.lon[:, 0, 0] == 22. * u.hourangle)
def plot_star(spots_spherical, fade_out=False):
"""
Parameters
----------
spots_spherical : `~astropy.coordinates.SphericalRepresentation`
Points in spherical coordinates that represent the positions of the
star spots.
"""
oldrcparams = matplotlib.rcParams
matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = 18
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(16, 16))
positive_x = ax[0, 0]
negative_x = ax[1, 0]
positive_y = ax[0, 1]
negative_y = ax[1, 1]
positive_z = ax[0, 2]
negative_z = ax[1, 2]
axes = [
positive_z, positive_x, negative_z, negative_x, positive_y, negative_y
]
axes_labels = ['+z', '+x', '-z', '-x', '+y', '-y']
# Set black background
plot_props = dict(xlim=(-1, 1), ylim=(-1, 1), xticks=(), yticks=())
drange = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
y = np.sqrt(1 - drange**2)
bg_color = 'k'
for axis in axes:
axis.set(xticks=(), yticks=())
axis.fill_between(drange, y, 1, color=bg_color)
axis.fill_between(drange, -1, -y, color=bg_color)
axis.set(**plot_props)
axis.set_aspect('equal')
# Set labels
positive_x.set(xlabel='$\hat{z}$', ylabel='$\hat{y}$') # title='+x',
positive_x.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
positive_x.yaxis.set_label_position("right")
negative_x.set(xlabel='$\hat{z}$', ylabel='$\hat{y}$') # title='-x',
negative_x.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
positive_y.set(xlabel='$\hat{z}$', ylabel='$\hat{x}$')
positive_y.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
negative_y.set(xlabel='$\hat{z}$', ylabel='$\hat{x}$')
negative_y.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
negative_y.yaxis.set_label_position("right")
negative_z.set(xlabel='$\hat{y}$', ylabel='$\hat{x}$') # title='-z',
negative_z.yaxis.set_label_position("right")
positive_z.set(xlabel='$\hat{y}$', ylabel='$\hat{x}$') # title='+z',
positive_z.yaxis.set_label_position("right")
positive_z.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
for axis, label in zip(axes, axes_labels):
axis.annotate(label, (-0.9, 0.9),
color='w',
fontsize=14,
ha='center',
va='center')
# Plot gridlines
n_gridlines = 9
print("theta grid spacing: {0} deg".format(180. / (n_gridlines - 1)))
n_points = 35
pi = np.pi
thetaitude_lines = SphericalRepresentation(
np.linspace(0, 2 * pi, n_points)[:, np.newaxis] * u.rad,
np.linspace(-pi / 2, pi / 2, n_gridlines).T * u.rad,
np.ones((n_points, 1))).to_cartesian()
phigitude_lines = SphericalRepresentation(
np.linspace(0, 2 * pi, n_gridlines)[:, np.newaxis] * u.rad,
np.linspace(-pi / 2, pi / 2, n_points).T * u.rad,
np.ones((n_gridlines, 1))).to_cartesian()
for i in range(thetaitude_lines.shape[1]):
for axis in [positive_z, negative_z]:
axis.plot(thetaitude_lines.x[:, i],
thetaitude_lines.y[:, i],
ls=':',
color='silver')
for axis in [positive_x, negative_x, positive_y, negative_y]:
axis.plot(thetaitude_lines.y[:, i],
thetaitude_lines.z[:, i],
ls=':',
color='silver')
for i in range(phigitude_lines.shape[0]):
for axis in [positive_z, negative_z]:
axis.plot(phigitude_lines.y[i, :],
phigitude_lines.x[i, :],
ls=':',
color='silver')
for axis in [positive_x, negative_x, positive_y, negative_y]:
axis.plot(phigitude_lines.y[i, :],
phigitude_lines.z[i, :],
ls=':',
color='silver')
# Plot spots
spots_cart = spots_spherical.to_cartesian()
spots_x = spots_cart.x / R_sun
spots_y = spots_cart.y / R_sun
spots_z = spots_cart.z / R_sun
if fade_out:
n = float(len(spots_x))
alpha_range = np.arange(n)
alpha = (n - alpha_range) / n
else:
alpha = 0.5
for spot_ind in range(spots_x.shape[1]):
above_x_plane = spots_x[:, spot_ind] > 0
above_y_plane = spots_y[:, spot_ind] > 0
above_z_plane = spots_z[:, spot_ind] > 0
below_x_plane = spots_x[:, spot_ind] < 0
below_y_plane = spots_y[:, spot_ind] < 0
below_z_plane = spots_z[:, spot_ind] < 0
positive_x.plot(spots_y[above_x_plane, spot_ind],
spots_z[above_x_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
negative_x.plot(-spots_y[below_x_plane, spot_ind],
spots_z[below_x_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
positive_y.plot(-spots_x[above_y_plane, spot_ind],
spots_z[above_y_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
negative_y.plot(spots_x[below_y_plane, spot_ind],
spots_z[below_y_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
positive_z.plot(spots_x[above_z_plane, spot_ind],
spots_y[above_z_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
negative_z.plot(spots_x[below_z_plane, spot_ind],
-spots_y[below_z_plane, spot_ind],
'.',
alpha=alpha)
matplotlib.rcParams = oldrcparams
return fig, ax
class Star:
mass = AffectsOmegaCrit('mass', u.kg)
radius = AffectsOmegaCrit('radius', u.m)
beta = ResetsGrid('beta')
distortion = ResetsGrid('distortion')
@u.quantity_input(mass=u.kg)
@u.quantity_input(radius=u.m)
@u.quantity_input(period=u.s)
def __init__(self, mass, radius, period, beta=0.08, ulimb=0.9,
ntiles=3072, distortion=True):
self.distortion = distortion
self.mass = mass
self.radius = radius # will also set self.omega_crit
self.beta = beta
self.ulimb = ulimb
self.ntiles = ntiles
self.period = period
self.clear_grid()
def clear_grid(self):
# now set up tile locations, velocities and directions.
# These will be (nlon, nlat) CartesianRepresentations
self.tile_locs = None
self.tile_dirs = None
self.tile_velocities = None
# and arrays of tile properties - shape (nlon, nlat)
self.tile_areas = None
self.tile_fluxes = None
# the next array is the main one that gets tweaked
self.tile_scales = None
"""
We define many of the attributes as properties, so we can wipe the grid when they are set,
and also check for violation of critical rotation
"""
@property
def omega(self):
"""
Ratio of angular velocity to critical number. read-only property
"""
return (self.Omega/self.omega_crit).decompose()
@property
def period(self):
return 2.0*np.pi/self.Omega
@period.setter
@u.quantity_input(value=u.s)
def period(self, value):
Omega = 2.0*np.pi/value
if (Omega/self.omega_crit).decompose() > 1:
raise ValueError('This rotation period exceeds critical value')
self.Omega = Omega
self.clear_grid()
"""
ntiles is also a property, since we need to remap to an appropriate
value for HEALPIX.
"""
@property
def ntiles(self):
"""
Number of tiles.
Is checked to see if appropriate for HEALPIX algorithm.
"""
return self._ntiles
@ntiles.setter
def ntiles(self, value):
allowed_values = [48, 192, 768, 3072, 12288, 49152, 196608]
if int(value) not in allowed_values:
raise ValueError('{} not one of allowed values: {!r}'.format(
value, allowed_values
))
self._ntiles = int(12*np.floor(np.sqrt(value/12.))**2)
self.clear_grid()
@u.quantity_input(wavelength=u.nm)
def setup_grid(self, wavelength=656*u.nm):
# use HEALPIX to get evenly sized tiles
NSIDE = hp.npix2nside(self.ntiles)
colat, lon = hp.pix2ang(NSIDE, np.arange(0, self.ntiles))
# co-latitude
theta_values = u.Quantity(colat, unit=u.rad)
# longitude
phi_values = u.Quantity(lon, unit=u.rad)
# the following formulae use the Roche approximation and assume
# solid body rotation
# solve for radius of rotating star at these co-latitudes
if self.distortion:
radii = self.radius*np.array([newton(surface, 1.01, args=(self.omega, x)) for x in theta_values])
else:
radii = self.radius*np.ones(self.ntiles)
# and effective gravities
geff = np.sqrt((-const.G*self.mass/radii**2 + self.Omega**2 * radii * np.sin(theta_values)**2)**2 +
self.Omega**4 * radii**2 * np.sin(theta_values)**2 * np.cos(theta_values)**2)
# now make a ntiles sized CartesianRepresentation of positions
self.tile_locs = SphericalRepresentation(phi_values,
90*u.deg-theta_values,
radii).to_cartesian()
# normal to tile is the direction of the derivate of the potential
# this is the vector form of geff above
# the easiest way to express it is that it differs from (r, theta, phi)
# by a small amount in the theta direction epsilon
x = radii/self.radius
a = 1./x**2 - (8./27.)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values)**2
b = np.sqrt(
(-1./x**2 + (8./27)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values)**2)**2 +
((8./27)*self.omega**2 * x * np.sin(theta_values) * np.cos(theta_values))**2
)
epsilon = np.arccos(a/b)
self.tile_dirs = UnitSphericalRepresentation(phi_values,
90*u.deg - theta_values - epsilon)
self.tile_dirs = self.tile_dirs.to_cartesian()
# and ntiles sized arrays of tile properties
tile_temperatures = 2000.0 * u.K * (geff / geff.max())**self.beta
# fluxes, not accounting for limb darkening
self.tile_scales = np.ones(self.ntiles)
self.tile_fluxes = blackbody_nu(wavelength, tile_temperatures)
# tile areas
spher = self.tile_locs.represent_as(SphericalRepresentation)
self.tile_areas = spher.distance**2 * hp.nside2pixarea(NSIDE) * u.rad * u.rad
omega_vec = CartesianRepresentation(
u.Quantity([0.0, 0.0, self.Omega.value],
unit=self.Omega.unit)
)
# get velocities of tiles
self.tile_velocities = cross(omega_vec, self.tile_locs)
@u.quantity_input(inclination=u.deg)
def plot(self, inclination=90*u.deg, phase=0.0, savefig=False, filename='star_surface.png',
cmap='magma', what='fluxes', cstride=1, rstride=1, shade=False):
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.view_init(90-inclination.to(u.deg).value, 360*phase)
# get map values
if what == 'fluxes':
vals = self.tile_fluxes * self.tile_scales
vals = vals / vals.max()
elif what == 'vels':
earth = set_earth(inclination.to(u.deg).value, phase)
velocities = self.tile_velocities.xyz
vals = dot(earth, velocities).to(u.km/u.s)
# can't plot negative values, so rescale from 0 - 1
vals = (vals - vals.min())/(vals.max()-vals.min())
elif what == 'areas':
vals = self.tile_areas / self.tile_areas.max()
colors = getattr(cm, cmap)(vals.value)
# project the map to a rectangular matrix
nlat = nlon = int(np.floor(np.sqrt(self.ntiles)))
theta = np.linspace(np.pi, 0, nlat)
phi = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, nlon)
PHI, THETA = np.meshgrid(phi, theta)
NSIDE = hp.npix2nside(self.ntiles)
grid_pix = hp.ang2pix(NSIDE, THETA, PHI)
grid_map = colors[grid_pix]
# Create a sphere
r = 0.3
x = r*np.sin(THETA)*np.cos(PHI)
y = r*np.sin(THETA)*np.sin(PHI)
z = r*np.cos(THETA)
ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, cstride=cstride, rstride=rstride, facecolors=grid_map,
shade=shade)
if savefig:
plt.savefig(filename)
else:
plt.show()
@u.quantity_input(inclination=u.deg)
def view(self, inclination=90*u.deg, phase=0.0, what='fluxes',
projection='mollweide', cmap='magma',
savefig=False, filename='star_surface.png',
dlat=30, dlon=30, **kwargs):
rot = (360*phase, 90-inclination.to(u.deg).value, 0)
if what == 'fluxes':
vals = self.tile_fluxes * self.tile_scales
vals = vals / vals.max()
elif what == 'areas':
vals = self.tile_areas / self.tile_areas.max()
if 'mollweide'.find(projection) == 0:
hp.mollview(vals, rot=rot, cmap=cmap, **kwargs)
elif 'cartesian'.find(projection) == 0:
hp.cartview(vals, rot=rot, cmap=cmap, **kwargs)
elif 'orthographic'.find(projection) == 0:
hp.orthview(vals, rot=rot, cmap=cmap, **kwargs)
else:
raise ValueError('Unrecognised projection')
hp.graticule(dlat, dlon)
if savefig:
plt.savefig(filename)
else:
plt.show()
@u.quantity_input(inclination=u.deg)
def _luminosity_array(self, phase, inclination):
if self.tile_locs is None:
self.setup_grid()
# get CartesianRepresentation pointing to earth at these phases
earth = set_earth(inclination, phase)
mu = dot(earth, self.tile_dirs, normalise=True)
# mask of visible elements
mask = mu >= 0.0
# broadcast and calculate
phase = np.asarray(phase)
new_shape = phase.shape + self.tile_fluxes.shape
assert(new_shape == mu.shape), "Broadcasting has gone wrong"
fluxes = np.tile(self.tile_fluxes, phase.size).reshape(new_shape)
scales = np.tile(self.tile_scales, phase.size).reshape(new_shape)
areas = np.tile(self.tile_areas, phase.size).reshape(new_shape)
# limb darkened sum of all tile fluxes
lum = (fluxes * scales * (1.0 - self.ulimb + np.fabs(mu)*self.ulimb) *
areas * mu)
# no contribution from invisible tiles
lum[mask] = 0.0
return lum
@u.quantity_input(inclination=u.deg)
def calc_luminosity(self, phase, inclination):
lum = self._luminosity_array(phase, inclination)
return np.sum(lum, axis=1)
@u.quantity_input(inclination=u.deg)
@u.quantity_input(v_macro=u.km/u.s)
@u.quantity_input(v_inst=u.km/u.s)
@u.quantity_input(v_min=u.km/u.s)
@u.quantity_input(v_max=u.km/u.s)
def calc_line_profile(self, phase, inclination, nbins=100,
v_macro=2*u.km/u.s, v_inst=4*u.km/u.s,
v_min=-40*u.km/u.s, v_max=40*u.km/u.s):
# get CartesianRepresentation pointing to earth at these phases
earth = set_earth(inclination, phase)
# get CartesianRepresentation of projected velocities
vproj = dot(earth, self.tile_velocities).to(u.km/u.s)
# which tiles fall in which bin?
bins = np.linspace(v_min, v_max, nbins)
indices = np.digitize(vproj, bins)
lum = self._luminosity_array(phase, inclination)
phase = np.asarray(phase)
trailed_spectrum = np.zeros((phase.size, nbins))
for i in range(nbins):
mask = (indices == i)
trailed_spectrum[:, i] = np.sum(lum*mask, axis=1)
# convolve with instrumental and local line profiles
# TODO: realistic Line Profile Treatment
# For now we assume every element has same intrinsic
# line profile
bin_width = (v_max-v_min)/(nbins-1)
profile_width_in_bins = np.sqrt(v_macro**2 + v_inst**2) / bin_width
gauss_kernel = Gaussian1DKernel(stddev=profile_width_in_bins, mode='linear_interp')
for i in range(phase.size):
trailed_spectrum[i, :] = convolve(trailed_spectrum[i, :], gauss_kernel, boundary='extend')
return bins, trailed_spectrum