def overlap(u, v): # u, v: (1 * -) Variable -> (1 * 1) Variable
denominator = F.sqrt(
F.batch_l2_norm_squared(u) * F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v))
if (np.array_equal(cuda.to_cpu(denominator.data), np.array([0]))):
return F.matmul(u, F.transpose(v))
return F.matmul(u, F.transpose(v)) / F.reshape(denominator, (1, 1))
def n_pair_mc_loss(f, f_p, l2_reg):
"""Multi-class N-pair loss (N-pair-mc loss) function.
Args:
f (~chainer.Variable): Feature vectors.
All examples must be different classes each other.
f_p (~chainer.Variable): Positive examples corresponding to f.
Each example must be the same class for each example in f.
l2_reg (~float): A weight of L2 regularization for feature vectors.
Returns:
~chainer.Variable: Loss value.
See: `Improved Deep Metric Learning with Multi-class N-pair Loss \
Objective <https://papers.nips.cc/paper/6200-improved-deep-metric-\
learning-with-multi-class-n-pair-loss-objective>`_
"""
logit = matmul(f, transpose(f_p))
N = len(logit.data)
xp = cuda.get_array_module(logit.data)
loss_sce = softmax_cross_entropy(logit, xp.arange(N))
l2_loss = sum(batch_l2_norm_squared(f) +
batch_l2_norm_squared(f_p)) / (2.0 * N)
loss = loss_sce + l2_reg * l2_loss
return loss
def euclidean_pairwise_distances(u, v):
"""
This is not needed when applying l2 normalization.
Args:
u (chainer.Variable or xp.ndarray:(b, emb))
v (chainer.Variable or xp.ndarray:(b, emb))
"""
B = u.shape[0]
u2 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(u).reshape(-1, 1)
# u2: (b, 1)
u2 = F.broadcast_to(u2, (B, B))
# u2: (b, b)
v2 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v).reshape(1, -1)
# v2: (1, b)
v2 = F.broadcast_to(v2, (B, B))
# v2: (b, b)
uv = F.matmul(u, v, transb=True)
# uv: (b, b)
distance = u2 - 2.0 * uv + v2
# distance: (b, b)
return distance
def n_pair_mc_loss(f, f_p, l2_reg):
logit = matmul(f, transpose(f_p))
N = len(logit.data)
xp = cuda.get_array_module(logit.data)
loss_sce = softmax_cross_entropy(logit, xp.arange(N))
l2_loss = sum(batch_l2_norm_squared(f) + batch_l2_norm_squared(f_p))
loss = loss_sce + l2_reg * l2_loss
return loss
def reconstruction_loss(dis, recon, gt):
with chainer.using_config('train', False):
v1 = dis.feature_vector(recon)
v2 = dis.feature_vector(gt)
denom = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v1) * F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v2))
return -F.sum(
F.reshape(F.batch_matmul(v1, v2, transa=True),
(v1.shape[0], )) / denom)
def squared_distance(self, anc, pos, neg):
"""
Compute anchor-positive distance and anchor-negative distance on
batches of anchors, positive, and negative samples.
"""
dist_pos = F.expand_dims(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(anc - pos), 1)
dist_neg = F.expand_dims(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(anc - neg), 1)
return dist_pos, dist_neg
def loss_func_dsgan(x, z, theta, tau=10):
if x.shape[1] == 4:
x = x[:, :3]
loss_ds_1 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(x[::2] - x[1::2]) / (F.batch_l2_norm_squared(z[::2] - z[1::2]) + 1e-8)
loss_ds_2 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(x[::2] - x[1::2]) / (F.absolute(theta[::2] - theta[1::2]) + 1e-8) / 1000
xp = chainer.cuda.get_array_module(x.array)
loss_ds_1 = F.minimum(F.sqrt(loss_ds_1), xp.full_like(loss_ds_1.array, tau))
loss_ds_2 = F.minimum(F.sqrt(loss_ds_2), xp.full_like(loss_ds_2.array, tau))
print(loss_ds_1.array.mean(), loss_ds_2.array.mean())
return -F.mean(loss_ds_1) - F.mean(loss_ds_2)
def train(self, positive, negative, links, relations, edges, xp, RC, RCT,
EC, ECT, relationsT, relationsEdges):
self.cleargrads()
entities = set()
Rs = set()
for h, r, t in positive:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
Rs.add(r)
for h, r, t in negative:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
Rs.add(r)
entities = list(entities)
Rs = list(Rs)
x = self.get_context(entities, links, relations, edges, 0, xp, RC, EC)
x = F.split_axis(x, len(entities), axis=0)
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, x):
edict[e] = x
RsE = self.get_context_relation(Rs, links, relationsT, edges, 0, xp,
RC, EC, relationsEdges)
RsE = F.split_axis(RsE, len(Rs), axis=0)
rdict = dict()
for r, x in zip(Rs, RsE):
rdict[r] = x
pos, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in positive:
rels.append(rdict[r])
pos.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
pos = F.concat(pos, axis=0)
xr = F.concat(rels, axis=0)
#xr = self.embedR(xp.array(rels,'i'))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
#pos = F.sum(F.absolute(pos+xr),axis=1)
pos = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(pos + xr)
neg, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in negative:
rels.append(rdict[r])
neg.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
neg = F.concat(neg, axis=0)
xr = F.concat(rels, axis=0)
#xr = self.embedR(xp.array(rels,'i'))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
#neg = F.sum(F.absolute(neg+xr),axis=1)
neg = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(neg + xr)
if self.objective_function == 'relative':
return sum(F.relu(self.threshold + pos - neg)), pos
if self.objective_function == 'absolute':
return sum(pos + F.relu(self.threshold - neg)), pos
def reconstruction_loss(dis, recon, gt):
with chainer.using_config('train', False):
v1 = dis.feature_vector(recon)
v2 = dis.feature_vector(gt)
denom = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v1) * F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v2))
xp = dis.xp
sum = Variable(xp.array(0.0, dtype=xp.float32))
for i in range(gt.shape[0]):
sum += F.matmul(v1[i], v2[i], transb=True) / denom[i]
cos_dist2 = -sum
return cos_dist2
def constrain_kernel(network):
n_kernels = 0
norm = None
for node in network.updatable_node:
for lname, layer in node.model.layers:
if isinstance(layer, (chainer.links.ConvolutionND, chainer.links.DeconvolutionND)):
n_kernels += 1
if norm is None:
norm = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(layer.W)
else:
norm += F.batch_l2_norm_squared(layer.W)
return norm / n_kernels
def get_scores3(self, candidates, links, relations, edges, xp, mode, RC,
EC):
h, r, t, l = candidates
xe1 = self.embedE2(xp.array(range(self.e_size), 'i'))
xe2 = self.embedE2(xp.array([t], 'i'))
xe2 = F.broadcast_to(xe2, (self.e_size, 200))
xe3 = self.embedE2(xp.array([h], 'i'))
xe3 = F.broadcast_to(xe3, (self.e_size, 200))
xr = self.embedR(xp.array([r], 'i'))
xr = F.broadcast_to(xr, (self.e_size, 200))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
scores1 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(xe1 - xe2 + xr)
scores2 = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(xe3 - xe1 + xr)
return scores1, scores2
def train(self, positive, negative, links, relations, edges, xp):
# 每次调用之前，需要对梯度进行清零操作
self.cleargrads()
entities = set()
erels = set()
for h, r, t in positive:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
erels.add(r)
for h, r, t in negative:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
erels.add(r)
# 获取正负三元组的所有实体
entities = list(entities)
erels = list(erels)
# x为entities经过传播模型所得的embedding
x = self.get_context(entities, erels, links, relations, edges, 0, xp)
x = F.split_axis(x, len(entities),
axis=0) # x.shape(len(entities), 1, dim)
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, x):
edict[e] = x
pos, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in positive:
rels.append(r)
pos.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
pos = F.concat(pos, axis=0)
xr = self.embedR(xp.array(rels, 'i')) # 返回r的embedding
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr) # 对之前的embedR会有更新
pos = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(pos + xr) # (h+r-t)的L2正则
neg, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in negative:
rels.append(r)
neg.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
neg = F.concat(neg, axis=0)
xr = self.embedR(xp.array(rels, 'i'))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
neg = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(neg + xr)
# 输出模型
if self.objective_function == 'relative':
return sum(F.relu(self.threshold + pos - neg)) # 返回Loss
if self.objective_function == 'absolute':
return sum(pos + F.relu(self.threshold - neg))
def get_margins(self, candidates, links, relations, edges, xp, mode):
if mode == 'dev':
is_train = True
if mode == 'test':
is_train = False
entities = set()
for h, r, t, l in candidates:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
entities = list(entities)
xe = self.get_context(entities, links, relations, edges, 0, xp,
is_train)
xe = F.split_axis(xe, len(entities), axis=0)
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, xe):
edict[e] = x
diffs, rels = [], []
for h, r, t, l in candidates:
rels.append(r)
diffs.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
diffs = F.concat(diffs, axis=0)
xr = self.embedR(xp.array_int(rels, is_train))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
margins = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(diffs + xr)
return margins
def update(gen, dis, optimizer_gen, optimizer_dis, x_batch, margin):
xp = gen.xp
batch_size = len(x_batch)
# from generated image
z = xp.random.normal(0, 1, (batch_size, latent_size)).astype(np.float32)
z = z / (xp.linalg.norm(z, axis=1, keepdims=True) + 1e-12)
x_gen = gen(z)
total_size = np.prod(x_gen.shape)
y_gen, h_gen = dis(x_gen)
h_gen = F.normalize(F.reshape(h_gen, (batch_size, -1)))
similarity = F.sum(F.matmul(h_gen, h_gen,
transb=True)) / (batch_size * batch_size)
loss_gen = F.mean_squared_error(x_gen, y_gen) + 0.1 * similarity
loss_dis = F.sum(
F.relu(margin * margin -
F.batch_l2_norm_squared(x_gen - y_gen))) / total_size
# from real image
x = xp.asarray(x_batch)
y, h = dis(x)
loss_dis += F.mean_squared_error(x, y)
gen.cleargrads()
loss_gen.backward()
optimizer_gen.update()
dis.cleargrads()
loss_dis.backward()
optimizer_dis.update()
return float(loss_gen.data), float(loss_dis.data)
def forward(self, x):
x = x.reshape((x.shape[0], -1))
x /= F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(x)).reshape((-1, 1))
h = self.fc(x)
h /= F.sqrt(F.sum(F.square(self.fc.W), axis=1))
return h
def loss_gen(self, gen, imgs_masked, imgs_completed, masks):
loss = F.mean(
F.batch_l2_norm_squared(
F.tile(F.expand_dims(masks, axis=1),
(1, 3, 1, 1)) * (imgs_masked - imgs_completed)))
chainer.report({'loss': loss}, gen)
return loss
def get_scores(self, candidates, links, relations, edges, xp, mode, RC, EC,
relationsT, relationsEdges):
entities = set()
Rs = set()
for h, r, t, l in candidates:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
Rs.add(r)
entities = list(entities)
xe = self.get_context(entities, links, relations, edges, 0, xp, RC, EC)
xe = F.split_axis(xe, len(entities), axis=0)
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, xe):
edict[e] = x
Rs = list(Rs)
xr = self.get_context_relation(Rs, links, relationsT, edges, 0, xp, RC,
EC, relationsEdges)
xr = F.split_axis(xr, len(Rs), axis=0)
rdict = dict()
for r, x in zip(Rs, xr):
rdict[r] = x
diffs, rels = [], []
for h, r, t, l in candidates:
rels.append(rdict[r])
diffs.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
diffs = F.concat(diffs, axis=0)
xr = F.concat(rels, axis=0)
#xr = self.embedR(xp.array(rels,'i'))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
scores = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(diffs + xr)
return scores
def path_length(ws, x, mask):
levels, batch, size = len(ws), *(ws[0].shape)
gradients = grad([x * mask], ws, enable_double_backprop=True)
gradient = stack(gradients).transpose(1, 0,
2).reshape(batch * levels, size)
path_lengths = batch_l2_norm_squared(gradient).reshape(batch, levels)
return sqrt(mean(path_lengths, axis=1))
def update_core(self):
def _update(optimizer, loss):
optimizer.target.cleargrads()
loss.backward()
optimizer.update()
xp = self.generator.xp
if self.iteration < 50:
n_critic = 100
else:
n_critic = 5
# update critic n_critic times
for _ in range(n_critic):
# real image
x_real = self.next_batch(self.x)
y_real = self.critic(x_real)
loss1 = -F.sum(y_real) / self.batchsize
# fake image
z = self.next_batch(self.z)
x_fake = self.generator(z)
y_fake = self.critic(x_fake)
loss2 = F.sum(y_fake) / self.batchsize
x_fake.unchain_backward()
# gp
eps = xp.random.uniform(0, 1,
size=self.batchsize).astype("f")[:, None,
None,
None]
x_mid = eps * x_real + (1.0 - eps) * x_fake
y_mid = self.critic(x_mid)
grad, = chainer.grad([y_mid], [x_mid], enable_double_backprop=True)
grad = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(grad))
loss_gp = self.lam * F.mean_squared_error(grad,
xp.ones_like(grad.data))
# compute loss
critic_loss = loss1 + loss2 + loss_gp
# update critic
_update(self.optimizer_critic, critic_loss)
chainer.reporter.report({
'critic/loss/real': loss1,
'critic/loss/fake': loss2,
'critic/loss/gp': loss_gp,
'critic/loss': critic_loss,
'wasserstein': -loss1 - loss2,
})
# update generator 1 time
z = self.next_batch(self.z)
x_fake = self.generator(z)
y_fake = self.critic(x_fake)
gen_loss = -F.sum(y_fake) / self.batchsize
_update(self.optimizer_generator, gen_loss)
chainer.report({'generator/loss': gen_loss})
def compute_loss(real_o, o_current):
concat_image = F.concat((real_o, o_current), axis=1)
classification_loss = classifier(concat_image)
classification_loss = F.squeeze(classification_loss)
l2_loss = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(real_o - o_current)
assert classification_loss.shape == l2_loss.shape
loss = l2_loss - classification_loss
return loss
def train(self, positive, negative, train_link, relations, aux_link, xp):
self.cleargrads()
entities = set()
for h, r, t in positive:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
for h, r, t in negative:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
entities = list(entities)
# complete one propagation of information from neighbor entities to anchor entities
x = self.get_context(entities, train_link, relations, aux_link, 0, xp)
x = F.split_axis(x, len(entities), axis=0)
# edict maps from an entity to its result
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, x):
edict[e] = x
# positives
pos, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in positive:
rels.append(r)
pos.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
pos = F.concat(pos, axis=0)
xr = F.tanh(self.embedR(xp.array(rels, 'i')))
# TransE score function
# batch_l2_norm_squared aka Euclidean norm for batches
# f_pos = ||h + r - t||
pos = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(pos + xr)
# negatives
neg, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in negative:
rels.append(r)
neg.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
neg = F.concat(neg, axis=0)
xr = F.tanh(self.embedR(xp.array(rels, 'i')))
# TransE score function
# f_neg = ||h + r -t||
neg = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(neg + xr)
# Absolute Margin Objective Function
return sum(pos + F.relu(self.threshold - neg))
def norms(self):
"""
Returns:
norm_u (xp.array (1, ))
norm_v (xp.array (1, ))
"""
u = self.u
v = self.v
# x_: (b, emb)
with using_config("train", False), using_config(
"enable_backprop", False
):
norm_u = F.mean(F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(u))).data
norm_v = F.mean(F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(v))).data
return dict(zip(self.metric_names_norms, [norm_u, norm_v]))
def transloss(self, x):
hdx = x[:, 0]
rdx = x[:, 1]
tdx = x[:, 2]
hvec = self.propagation(hdx, "1")
tvec = self.propagation(tdx, "2")
rvec = self.rvec(rdx)
return F.batch_l2_norm_squared(hvec + rvec - tvec)
def zero_centered_gradient_penalty_fake(fake, y):
grad, = chainer.grad([fake], [y], enable_double_backprop=True)
grad = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(grad))
zeros = call_zeros(grad)
loss = 10 * F.mean_squared_error(grad, zeros)
return loss
def __call__(self, positive, negative, links, relations, edges, xp,
is_train):
if is_train: self.cleargrads()
entities = set()
for h, r, t in positive:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
for h, r, t in negative:
entities.add(h)
entities.add(t)
entities = list(entities)
x = self.get_context(entities, links, relations, edges, 0, xp,
is_train)
x = F.split_axis(x, len(entities), axis=0)
edict = dict()
for e, x in zip(entities, x):
edict[e] = x
pos, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in positive:
rels.append(r)
pos.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
pos = F.concat(pos, axis=0)
xr = self.embedR(xp.array_int(rels, is_train))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
pos = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(pos + xr)
neg, rels = [], []
for h, r, t in negative:
rels.append(r)
neg.append(edict[h] - edict[t])
neg = F.concat(neg, axis=0)
xr = self.embedR(xp.array_int(rels, is_train))
if self.is_bound_wr: xr = F.tanh(xr)
neg = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(neg + xr)
if self.object_kind == 1:
return sum(F.relu(self.threshold + pos - neg))
if self.object_kind == 2:
return sum(pos + F.relu(self.threshold - neg))
if self.object_kind == 3: return sum(self.threshold * pos - neg)
def update_core(self):
gen_opt = self.get_optimizer("gen")
cri_opt = self.get_optimizer("cri")
generator = gen_opt.target
critic = cri_opt.target
batch_size = self.get_iterator("main").batch_size
# バッチ（本物）を取得
x_real = self.get_iterator("main").next()
x_real = Variable(np.stack(x_real))
if chainer.config.user_gpu >= 0:
x_real.to_gpu()
xp = x_real.xp
# update critic
upd_num = self.n_cri[
1] if self.iteration <= 25 or self.iteration % 500 == 0 else self.n_cri[
0]
for i in range(upd_num):
z = xp.random.uniform(size=(batch_size, Z_DIM)).astype(np.float32)
x_fake = generator(Variable(z))
cri_loss = F.average(critic(x_fake) -
critic(x_real)) # Wasserstein距離の逆符号
# gradient penalty
eps = xp.random.uniform(size=(batch_size, 1, 1,
1)).astype(np.float32)
x_fusion = eps * x_real + (1 - eps) * x_fake # (N,1,H,W)
g_critic = chainer.grad(
[critic(x_fusion)], [x_fusion],
enable_double_backprop=True)[0] # (N,1,H,W)
gp = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(g_critic)
gp = F.average((F.sqrt(gp) - 1)**2)
total_loss = cri_loss + self.gp_lam * gp
critic.cleargrads()
total_loss.backward()
cri_opt.update()
# update generator
z = xp.random.uniform(size=(batch_size, Z_DIM)).astype(np.float32)
x_fake = generator(Variable(z))
gen_loss = -F.average(critic(x_fake))
generator.cleargrads()
critic.cleargrads()
gen_loss.backward()
gen_opt.update()
chainer.report({
"generator/loss": gen_loss,
"critic/loss": cri_loss,
"main/wdist": -cri_loss
})
def update_core(self):
gen_optimizer = self.get_optimizer('gen')
dis_optimizer = self.get_optimizer('dis')
xp = self.gen.xp
for i in range(self.n_dis):
batch = self.get_iterator('main').next()
batchsize = len(batch)
x_real = Variable(self.converter(batch, self.device))
h_real = self.dis(x_real)
z = self.gen.make_hidden(batchsize)
x_fake = self.gen(z)
h_fake = self.dis(x_fake)
z2 = self.gen.make_hidden(batchsize)
x_fake2 = self.gen(z2)
h_fake2 = self.dis(x_fake2)
if i == 0:
loss_gen = self.energy_distance(h_real, h_fake, h_fake2)
self.gen.cleargrads()
loss_gen.backward()
gen_optimizer.update()
chainer.reporter.report({'gen/loss': loss_gen})
x_fake.unchain_backward()
x_fake2.unchain_backward()
critic_real = self.critic(h_real, h_fake2)
critic_fake = self.critic(h_fake, h_fake2)
loss_surrogate = F.mean(critic_real - critic_fake)
eps = self.xp.random.uniform(0, 1, size=batchsize).astype("f")[
:, None, None, None]
x_mid = eps * x_real + (1.0 - eps) * x_fake
h_mid = chainer.Variable(self.dis(x_mid).data)
base_grad, = chainer.grad([self.critic(h_mid, h_fake.data)], [
h_mid], enable_double_backprop=True)
grad, = chainer.grad([self.dis(x_mid)], [x_mid], grad_outputs=[
base_grad], enable_double_backprop=True)
grad = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(grad))
loss_gp = self.lam * \
F.mean_squared_error(grad, xp.ones_like(grad.data))
self.dis.cleargrads()
(-loss_surrogate).backward()
loss_gp.backward()
dis_optimizer.update()
chainer.reporter.report({'critic/loss': -loss_surrogate + loss_gp})
chainer.reporter.report({"cramer distance": loss_surrogate})
chainer.reporter.report({'critic/loss_grad': loss_gp})
chainer.reporter.report({'g': F.mean(grad)})
def loss_joint(self, gen, alpha, imgs_masked, imgs_completed, masks,
d_fake, d_real):
loss1 = F.mean(
F.batch_l2_norm_squared(
F.tile(F.expand_dims(masks, axis=1),
(1, 3, 1, 1)) * (imgs_masked - imgs_completed)))
loss2 = alpha * F.mean((F.log(d_real) + F.log(1 - d_fake)))
loss = loss1 + loss2
chainer.report({'loss': loss}, gen)
return loss
def angular_loss(anchor,
positive,
negative,
alpha=45,
in_degree=True,
reduce='mean'):
'''
Features, y = dnn(x), must be l2 normalized.
'''
if in_degree:
alpha = np.deg2rad(alpha)
# tan(x)^2: [0, ..., pi/4, ..., pi/3] -> [0, ..., 1, ..., 3]
# strictly increaseing convex function
sq_tan_alpha = np.tan(alpha)**2
c = (a + p) / 2
loss = F.relu(
F.batch_l2_norm_squared(a - p) -
4 * sq_tan_alpha * F.batch_l2_norm_squared(n - c))
return loss
def update_core(self):
# train critic
for t in range(self.n_c):
# read data
batch = self._iterators['main'].next()
x = self.converter(batch, self.device)
m = x.shape[0]
H, W = x.shape[2], x.shape[3]
xp = chainer.cuda.get_array_module(x)
# generate
z = self.generator.make_z(m)
x_tilde = self.generator(z)
# sampling along straight lines
e = xp.random.uniform(0., 1., (m, 1, 1, 1))
x_hat = e * x + (1 - e) * x_tilde
# compute loss
loss_gan = F.average(self.critic(x_tilde) - self.critic(x))
grad, = chainer.grad([self.critic(x_hat)], [x_hat],
enable_double_backprop=True)
grad = F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(grad))
loss_grad = self.l * F.mean_squared_error(grad,
xp.ones_like(grad.data))
loss_critic = loss_gan + loss_grad
# update critic
self.critic.cleargrads()
loss_critic.backward()
self._optimizers['critic'].update()
# report
chainer.reporter.report({
'wasserstein distance': -loss_gan,
'loss/grad': loss_grad
})
# train generator
# read data
batch = self._iterators['main'].next()
x = self.converter(batch, self.device)
# generate and compute loss
z = self.generator.make_z(m)
loss_generator = F.average(-self.critic(self.generator(z)))
# update generator
self.generator.cleargrads()
loss_generator.backward()
self._optimizers['generator'].update()
# report
chainer.reporter.report({'loss/generator': loss_generator})
def __call__(self, x):
"""Applies the linear layer.
Args:
x (~chainer.Variable): Batch of input vectors.
Returns:
~chainer.Variable: Output of the linear layer.
"""
norm = F.batch_l2_norm_squared(self.W) ** 0.5
norm_broadcasted = F.broadcast_to(
F.expand_dims(norm, 1), self.W.data.shape)
g_broadcasted = F.broadcast_to(
F.expand_dims(self.g, 1), self.W.data.shape)
return F.linear(x, g_broadcasted * self.W / norm_broadcasted, self.b)
def check_forward(self, x_data):
x = chainer.Variable(x_data)
y = functions.batch_l2_norm_squared(x)
self.assertEqual(y.data.dtype, np.float32)
y_data = cuda.to_cpu(y.data)
x_two_dim = _as_two_dim(self.x)
y_expect = np.empty(len(self.x))
for n in six.moves.range(len(self.x)):
y_expect[n] = sum(map(lambda x: x * x, x_two_dim[n]))
testing.assert_allclose(y_expect, y_data)
def batch_rodrigues(theta):
"""
Theta is N x 3
"""
batch_size = theta.shape[0]
xp = theta.xp
angle = F.expand_dims(F.sqrt(F.batch_l2_norm_squared(theta + 1e-8)), -1)
r = F.expand_dims(theta / F.tile(angle, 3), -1)
angle = F.expand_dims(angle, -1)
cos = F.cos(angle)
sin = F.sin(angle)
cos = F.tile(cos, (3, 3))
sin = F.tile(sin, (3, 3))
outer = F.matmul(r, r, transb=True)
eyes = F.tile(F.expand_dims(
Variable(xp.array(xp.eye(3), 'f')), 0), (batch_size, 1, 1))
R = cos * eyes + (1 - cos) * outer + sin * batch_skew(r, batch_size)
return R
def forward(self, inputs, device):
x, = inputs
return functions.batch_l2_norm_squared(x),
def test_invalid_shape(self):
x = chainer.Variable(np.zeros((4,), dtype=np.float32))
with self.assertRaises(type_check.InvalidType):
functions.batch_l2_norm_squared(x)