def intrinsic_gas_used(self):
num_zero_bytes = str_to_bytes(self.data).count(ascii_chr(0))
num_non_zero_bytes = len(self.data) - num_zero_bytes
return (opcodes.GTXCOST
# + (0 if self.to else opcodes.CREATE[3])
+ opcodes.GTXDATAZERO * num_zero_bytes +
opcodes.GTXDATANONZERO * num_non_zero_bytes)
def mk_multisend_code(payments): # expects a dictionary, {address: wei}
kode = b''
for address, wei in payments.items():
kode += b'\x60\x00\x60\x00\x60\x00\x60\x00' # 0 0 0 0
encoded_wei = utils.encode_int(wei) or b'\x00'
kode += utils.ascii_chr(0x5f + len(encoded_wei)) + encoded_wei # value
kode += b'\x73' + utils.normalize_address(address) # to
kode += b'\x60\x00\xf1\x50' # 0 CALL POP
kode += b'\x33\xff' # CALLER SELFDESTRUCT
return kode
def nibbles_to_bin(nibbles):
if any(x > 15 or x < 0 for x in nibbles):
raise Exception("nibbles can only be [0,..15]")
if len(nibbles) % 2:
raise Exception("nibbles must be of even numbers")
res = b''
for i in range(0, len(nibbles), 2):
res += ascii_chr(16 * nibbles[i] + nibbles[i + 1])
return res
def vm_trace(ext, msg, compustate, opcode, pushcache, tracer=log_vm_op):
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
op, in_args, out_args, fee = opcodes.opcodes[opcode]
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.prev_stack)))
if compustate.prev_prev_op in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3',
'CALL', 'CALLCODE', 'CREATE',
'CALLDATACOPY', 'CODECOPY', 'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.prev_memory) < 4096:
trace_data['memory'] = \
''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.prev_memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.prev_memory])))
if compustate.prev_prev_op in ('SSTORE', ) or compustate.steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.prev_gas)
trace_data['gas_cost'] = to_string(compustate.prev_gas - compustate.gas)
trace_data['fee'] = fee
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.prev_pc)
if compustate.steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['steps'] = compustate.steps
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
print(repr(pushcache))
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushcache[compustate.prev_pc]
tracer.trace('vm', op=op, **trace_data)
compustate.steps += 1
compustate.prev_prev_op = op
def compress(data):
o = b''
i = 0
while i < len(data):
if int_to_bytes(data[i]) == b'\xfe':
o += b'\xfe\x00'
elif data[i:i + 32] == NULLSHA3:
o += b'\xfe\x01'
i += 31
elif data[i:i + 2] == b'\x00\x00':
p = 2
while p < 255 and i + \
p < len(data) and int_to_bytes(data[i + p]) == b'\x00':
p += 1
o += b'\xfe' + ascii_chr(p)
i += p - 1
else:
o += int_to_bytes(data[i])
i += 1
return o
def pack_nibbles(nibbles):
"""pack nibbles to binary
:param nibbles: a nibbles sequence. may have a terminator
"""
if nibbles[-1:] == [NIBBLE_TERMINATOR]:
flags = 2
nibbles = nibbles[:-1]
else:
flags = 0
oddlen = len(nibbles) % 2
flags |= oddlen # set lowest bit if odd number of nibbles
if oddlen:
nibbles = [flags] + nibbles
else:
nibbles = [flags, 0] + nibbles
o = b''
for i in range(0, len(nibbles), 2):
o += ascii_chr(16 * nibbles[i] + nibbles[i + 1])
return o
def extract_all(self):
d = self.data[self.offset:self.offset + self.size]
d += [0] * (self.size - len(d))
return b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for x in d])
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while True:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc not in processed_code:
return vm_exception('INVALID START POINT')
_data = processed_code[compustate.pc]
gas, min_stack, max_stack, compustate.pc = _data[:4]
ops = _data[4:]
# out of gas error
if gas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# insufficient stack error
if not (min_stack <= len(compustate.stack) <= max_stack):
return vm_exception('INCOMPATIBLE STACK LENGTH',
min_stack=min_stack,
have=len(compustate.stack),
max_stack=max_stack)
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= gas
for op in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in (op_MLOAD, op_MSTORE, op_MSTORE8, op_SHA3,
op_CALL, op_CALLCODE, op_CREATE,
op_CALLDATACOPY, op_CODECOPY, op_EXTCODECOPY):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in (op_SSTORE, op_SLOAD) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
# trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = op
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
# if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
# trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == INVALID:
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=op)
# Valid operations
if op < 0x10:
if op == op_STOP:
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == op_ADD:
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SUB:
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_MUL:
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_DIV:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == op_MOD:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == op_SDIV:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_SMOD:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_ADDMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_MULMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_EXP:
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == op_SIGNEXTEND:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif op < 0x20:
if op == op_LT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_GT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_SLT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == op_SGT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == op_EQ:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_ISZERO:
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == op_AND:
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == op_OR:
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == op_XOR:
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == op_NOT:
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == op_BYTE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif op < 0x40:
if op == op_SHA3:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0:s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == op_ADDRESS:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == op_BALANCE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == op_ORIGIN:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == op_CALLER:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == op_CALLVALUE:
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == op_CALLDATALOAD:
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == op_CALLDATASIZE:
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == op_CALLDATACOPY:
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == op_CODESIZE:
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == op_CODECOPY:
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(code):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[s1 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == op_GASPRICE:
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == op_EXTCODESIZE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == op_EXTCODECOPY:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op < 0x50:
if op == op_BLOCKHASH:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == op_COINBASE:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == op_TIMESTAMP:
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == op_NUMBER:
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == op_DIFFICULTY:
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == op_GASLIMIT:
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif op < 0x60:
if op == op_POP:
stk.pop()
elif op == op_MLOAD:
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = 0
for c in mem[s0:s0 + 32]:
data = (data << 8) + c
stk.append(data)
elif op == op_MSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == op_MSTORE8:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == op_SLOAD:
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == op_SSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == op_JUMP:
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_JUMPI:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_PC:
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == op_MSIZE:
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == op_GAS:
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op_PUSH1 <= (op & 255) <= op_PUSH32:
# Hide push value in high-order bytes of op
stk.append(op >> 8)
elif op_DUP1 <= op <= op_DUP16:
depth = op - op_DUP1 + 1
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op_SWAP1 <= op <= op_SWAP16:
depth = op - op_SWAP1 + 1
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op_LOG0 <= op <= op_LOG4:
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = op - op_LOG0
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart:mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == op_CREATE:
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas,
cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALL:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALLCODE:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_RETURN:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == op_SUICIDE:
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
# print(processed_code.keys(), code)
codelen = len(code)
s = time.time()
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while compustate.pc in processed_code:
ops, minstack, maxstack, totgas, nextpos = processed_code[
compustate.pc]
if len(compustate.stack) < minstack:
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK')
if len(compustate.stack) > maxstack:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED')
if totgas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS %d %d' % (totgas, compustate.gas))
jumped = False
compustate.gas -= totgas
compustate.pc = nextpos
# Invalid operation; can only come at the end of a chunk
if ops[-1][0] == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=ops[-1][1])
for op, opcode, pushval in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY',
'CODECOPY', 'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', ) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + totgas)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['steps'] = steps
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', op=op, **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Valid operations
# Pushes first because they are very frequent
if 0x60 <= opcode <= 0x7f:
# compustate.pc += opcode - 0x5f # Move 1 byte forward for
# 0x60, up to 32 bytes for 0x7f
stk.append(pushval)
elif opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if ext.post_clearing_hardfork():
expfee += opcodes.EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * nbytes
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[s0:s0 + s1])
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.BALANCE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if dstart + i < len(code):
mem[mstart + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[dstart + i])
else:
mem[mstart + i] = 0
elif op == 'RETURNDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
if dstart + size > len(compustate.last_returned):
return vm_exception('RETURNDATACOPY out of range')
mem[mstart:mstart + size] = compustate.last_returned
elif op == 'RETURNDATASIZE':
stk.append(len(compustate.last_returned))
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
if ext.post_metropolis_hardfork() and False:
bh_addr = ext.blockhash_store
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(bh_addr, stk.pop()))
else:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
stk.append(utils.bytes_to_int(mem[s0:s0 + 32]))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0:s0 + 32] = utils.encode_int32(s1)
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.SLOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SSTORE inside a static context')
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
# 0x7f - opcode is a negative number, -1 for 0x80 ... -16 for
# 0x8f
stk.append(stk[0x7f - opcode])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
# 0x8e - opcode is a negative number, -2 for 0x90 ... -17 for
# 0x9f
temp = stk[0x8e - opcode]
stk[0x8e - opcode] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if msg.static:
return vm_exception('Cannot LOG inside a static context')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[mstart:mstart + msz])
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot CREATE inside a static context')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < MAX_DEPTH:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
ingas = compustate.gas
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
ingas = all_but_1n(ingas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, ingas, cd,
msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = compustate.gas - ingas + gas
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE', 'DELEGATECALL', 'STATICCALL'):
# Pull arguments from the stack
if op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE'):
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
# Static context prohibition
if msg.static and value > 0:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot make a non-zero-value call inside a static context'
)
# Expand memory
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.int_to_addr(to)
# Extra gas costs based on hard fork-dependent factors
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * (op == 'CALL') * (value > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork() * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
# Compute child gas limit
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
gas = min(
gas,
all_but_1n(compustate.gas - extra_gas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM))
else:
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS',
needed=gas + extra_gas)
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
# Verify that there is sufficient balance and depth
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) < value or msg.depth >= MAX_DEPTH:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
else:
# Subtract gas from parent
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
assert compustate.gas >= 0
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
# Generate the message
if op == 'CALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif ext.post_homestead_hardfork(
) and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender,
msg.to,
msg.value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
transfers_value=False,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
elif op == 'CALLCODE':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'STATICCALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=True)
else:
raise Exception("Lolwut")
# Get result
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
# Set output memory
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
compustate.gas += gas
compustate.last_returned = bytearray(data)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'REVERT':
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return vm_exception('Opcode not yet enabled')
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return revert(compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SUICIDE inside a static context')
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
extra_gas = opcodes.SUICIDE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS + \
(not ext.account_exists(
to)) * (xfer > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT
if not eat_gas(compustate, extra_gas):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
log_msg.debug('SUICIDING',
addr=utils.checksum_encode(msg.to),
to=utils.checksum_encode(to),
xferring=xfer)
return 1, compustate.gas, []
# assert utils.is_numeric(compustate.gas)
# this is slow!
# for a in stk:
# assert is_numeric(a), (op, stk)
# assert a >= 0 and a < 2**256, (a, op, stk)
# if not jumped:
# assert compustate.pc == nextpos
# compustate.pc = nextpos
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
return vm_exception('INVALID JUMP')
def random_string(length):
return b''.join([ascii_chr(random.randint(0, 255)) for _ in range(length)])