def test_packet_format_async_counter(self):
        bps = 2
        ac = packet_utils.default_access_code
        hdr_format = digital.header_format_counter(ac, 0, 2)

        formatter = digital.protocol_formatter_async(hdr_format)
        snk_hdr = blocks.message_debug()
        snk_pld = blocks.message_debug()

        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'header', snk_hdr, 'store')
        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'payload', snk_pld, 'store')

        send_str = "Hello World" + 1000 * "xxx"
        send_pmt = pmt.make_u8vector(len(send_str), ord(' '))
        for i in range(len(send_str)):
            pmt.u8vector_set(send_pmt, i, ord(send_str[i]))
        msg = pmt.cons(pmt.PMT_NIL, send_pmt)

        port = pmt.intern("in")
        formatter.to_basic_block()._post(port, msg)

        self.tb.start()
        while (snk_hdr.num_messages() < 1) or (snk_pld.num_messages() < 1):
            time.sleep(0.1)
        self.tb.stop()
        self.tb.wait()

        result_hdr_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_hdr.get_message(0))
        result_pld_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_pld.get_message(0))

        result_hdr = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_hdr_pmt)
        result_pld = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_pld_pmt)
        header = "".join(chr(r) for r in result_hdr)
        payload = "".join(chr(r) for r in result_pld)

        access_code = packet_utils.conv_1_0_string_to_packed_binary_string(
            packet_utils.default_access_code)[0]
        rx_access_code = header[0:len(access_code)]

        length = len(send_str)
        rx_length = struct.unpack_from(b"!H", six.b(header),
                                       len(access_code))[0]
        rx_bps = struct.unpack_from(b"!H", six.b(header),
                                    len(access_code) + 4)[0]
        rx_counter = struct.unpack_from(b"!H", six.b(header),
                                        len(access_code) + 6)[0]

        self.assertEqual(access_code, rx_access_code)
        self.assertEqual(length, rx_length)
        self.assertEqual(bps, rx_bps)
        self.assertEqual(0, rx_counter)
        self.assertEqual(length, len(payload))
        self.assertEqual(send_str, payload[0:length])
Example #2
0
    def test_packet_format_async_counter(self):
        bps = 2
        ac = packet_utils.default_access_code
        hdr_format = digital.header_format_counter(ac, 0, 2)

        formatter = digital.protocol_formatter_async(hdr_format)
        snk_hdr = blocks.message_debug()
        snk_pld = blocks.message_debug()

        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'header', snk_hdr, 'store')
        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'payload', snk_pld, 'store')


        send_str = "Hello World" + 1000*"xxx"
        send_pmt = pmt.make_u8vector(len(send_str), ord(' '))
        for i in range(len(send_str)):
            pmt.u8vector_set(send_pmt, i, ord(send_str[i]))
        msg = pmt.cons(pmt.PMT_NIL, send_pmt)

        port = pmt.intern("in")
        formatter.to_basic_block()._post(port, msg)

        self.tb.start()
        while (snk_hdr.num_messages() < 1) and (snk_pld.num_messages() < 1):
            time.sleep(0.1)
        self.tb.stop()
        self.tb.wait()

        result_hdr_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_hdr.get_message(0))
        result_pld_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_pld.get_message(0))

        result_hdr = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_hdr_pmt)
        result_pld = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_pld_pmt)
        header = "".join([chr(r) for r in result_hdr])
        payload = "".join([chr(r) for r in result_pld])

        access_code = packet_utils.conv_1_0_string_to_packed_binary_string(packet_utils.default_access_code)[0]
        rx_access_code = header[0:len(access_code)]

        length = len(send_str)
        rx_length = struct.unpack_from("!H", header, len(access_code))[0]
        rx_bps = struct.unpack_from("!H", header, len(access_code)+4)[0]
        rx_counter = struct.unpack_from("!H", header, len(access_code)+6)[0]

        self.assertEqual(access_code, rx_access_code)
        self.assertEqual(length, rx_length)
        self.assertEqual(bps, rx_bps)
        self.assertEqual(0, rx_counter)
        self.assertEqual(length, len(payload))
        self.assertEqual(send_str, payload[0:length])
Example #3
0
    def test_packet_format_async_default(self):
        ac = packet_utils.default_access_code
        hdr_format = digital.header_format_default(ac, 0)

        formatter = digital.protocol_formatter_async(hdr_format)
        snk_hdr = blocks.message_debug()
        snk_pld = blocks.message_debug()

        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'header', snk_hdr, 'store')
        self.tb.msg_connect(formatter, 'payload', snk_pld, 'store')

        send_str = b"Hello World"
        send_pmt = pmt.make_u8vector(len(send_str), 0)
        for i in range(len(send_str)):
            pmt.u8vector_set(send_pmt, i, send_str[i])
        msg = pmt.cons(pmt.PMT_NIL, send_pmt)

        port = pmt.intern("in")
        formatter.to_basic_block()._post(port, msg)

        self.tb.start()
        while (snk_hdr.num_messages() < 1) or (snk_pld.num_messages() < 1):
            time.sleep(0.1)

        self.tb.stop()
        self.tb.wait()

        result_hdr_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_hdr.get_message(0))
        result_pld_pmt = pmt.cdr(snk_pld.get_message(0))

        result_hdr = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_hdr_pmt)
        result_pld = pmt.u8vector_elements(result_pld_pmt)
        header = bytes(result_hdr)
        payload = bytes(result_pld)

        access_code = packet_utils.default_access_code_binary
        rx_access_code = header[0:len(access_code)]

        length = len(send_str)
        rx_length = struct.unpack_from(b"!H", header, len(access_code))[0]

        self.assertEqual(access_code, rx_access_code)
        self.assertEqual(length, rx_length)
        self.assertEqual(length, len(payload))
        self.assertEqual(send_str, payload[0:length])
Example #4
0
    def __init__(self):
        gr.top_block.__init__(self, "Tx Stage6")
        Qt.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setWindowTitle("Tx Stage6")
        qtgui.util.check_set_qss()
        try:
            self.setWindowIcon(Qt.QIcon.fromTheme('gnuradio-grc'))
        except:
            pass
        self.top_scroll_layout = Qt.QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(self.top_scroll_layout)
        self.top_scroll = Qt.QScrollArea()
        self.top_scroll.setFrameStyle(Qt.QFrame.NoFrame)
        self.top_scroll_layout.addWidget(self.top_scroll)
        self.top_scroll.setWidgetResizable(True)
        self.top_widget = Qt.QWidget()
        self.top_scroll.setWidget(self.top_widget)
        self.top_layout = Qt.QVBoxLayout(self.top_widget)
        self.top_grid_layout = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.top_layout.addLayout(self.top_grid_layout)

        self.settings = Qt.QSettings("GNU Radio", "tx_stage6")
        self.restoreGeometry(self.settings.value("geometry").toByteArray())

        ##################################################
        # Variables
        ##################################################
        self.sps = sps = 4
        self.nfilts = nfilts = 32
        self.eb = eb = 0.22

        self.psf_taps = psf_taps = firdes.root_raised_cosine(nfilts, nfilts, 1.0, eb, 15*sps*nfilts)

        self.thresh = thresh = 3
        self.taps_per_filt = taps_per_filt = len(psf_taps)/nfilts

        self.pld_const = pld_const = digital.constellation_calcdist((digital.psk_2()[0]), (digital.psk_2()[1]), 2, 1).base()

        self.pld_const.gen_soft_dec_lut(8)

        self.hdr_format = hdr_format = digital.header_format_default(digital.packet_utils.default_access_code, thresh)


        self.hdr_const = hdr_const = digital.constellation_calcdist((digital.psk_2()[0]), (digital.psk_2()[1]), 2, 1).base()

        self.hdr_const.gen_soft_dec_lut(8)
        self.filt_delay = filt_delay = 1+(taps_per_filt-1)/2
        self.bps = bps = pld_const.bits_per_symbol()

        ##################################################
        # Blocks
        ##################################################
        self.tab = Qt.QTabWidget()
        self.tab_widget_0 = Qt.QWidget()
        self.tab_layout_0 = Qt.QBoxLayout(Qt.QBoxLayout.TopToBottom, self.tab_widget_0)
        self.tab_grid_layout_0 = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.tab_layout_0.addLayout(self.tab_grid_layout_0)
        self.tab.addTab(self.tab_widget_0, 'Time')
        self.tab_widget_1 = Qt.QWidget()
        self.tab_layout_1 = Qt.QBoxLayout(Qt.QBoxLayout.TopToBottom, self.tab_widget_1)
        self.tab_grid_layout_1 = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.tab_layout_1.addLayout(self.tab_grid_layout_1)
        self.tab.addTab(self.tab_widget_1, 'Freq')
        self.top_layout.addWidget(self.tab)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0 = qtgui.time_sink_c(
        	400*sps, #size
        	sps, #samp_rate
        	"", #name
        	1 #number of inputs
        )
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_update_time(0.01)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_y_axis(-2, 2)

        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_y_label('Amplitude', "")

        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.enable_tags(-1, True)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_trigger_mode(qtgui.TRIG_MODE_TAG, qtgui.TRIG_SLOPE_POS, 0.0, 15, 0, 'packet_len')
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.enable_autoscale(False)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.enable_grid(False)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.enable_axis_labels(True)
        self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.enable_control_panel(False)

        if not False:
          self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.disable_legend()

        labels = ['', '', '', '', '',
                  '', '', '', '', '']
        widths = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
                  1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        colors = ["blue", "red", "green", "black", "cyan",
                  "magenta", "yellow", "dark red", "dark green", "blue"]
        styles = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
                  1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        markers = [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
                   -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]
        alphas = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
                  1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

        for i in xrange(2):
            if len(labels[i]) == 0:
                if(i % 2 == 0):
                    self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_label(i, "Re{{Data {0}}}".format(i/2))
                else:
                    self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_label(i, "Im{{Data {0}}}".format(i/2))
            else:
                self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_label(i, labels[i])
            self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_width(i, widths[i])
            self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_color(i, colors[i])
            self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_style(i, styles[i])
            self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_marker(i, markers[i])
            self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.set_line_alpha(i, alphas[i])

        self._qtgui_time_sink_x_0_win = sip.wrapinstance(self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0.pyqwidget(), Qt.QWidget)
        self.tab_layout_0.addWidget(self._qtgui_time_sink_x_0_win)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0 = qtgui.freq_sink_c(
        	1024, #size
        	firdes.WIN_BLACKMAN_hARRIS, #wintype
        	0, #fc
        	sps, #bw
        	"", #name
        	1 #number of inputs
        )
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_update_time(0.10)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_y_axis(-140, 10)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_y_label('Relative Gain', 'dB')
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_trigger_mode(qtgui.TRIG_MODE_FREE, 0.0, 0, "")
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.enable_autoscale(False)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.enable_grid(False)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_fft_average(1.0)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.enable_axis_labels(True)
        self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.enable_control_panel(False)

        if not False:
          self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.disable_legend()

        if "complex" == "float" or "complex" == "msg_float":
          self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_plot_pos_half(not True)

        labels = ['', '', '', '', '',
                  '', '', '', '', '']
        widths = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
                  1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
        colors = ["blue", "red", "green", "black", "cyan",
                  "magenta", "yellow", "dark red", "dark green", "dark blue"]
        alphas = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
                  1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
        for i in xrange(1):
            if len(labels[i]) == 0:
                self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_line_label(i, "Data {0}".format(i))
            else:
                self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_line_label(i, labels[i])
            self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_line_width(i, widths[i])
            self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_line_color(i, colors[i])
            self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.set_line_alpha(i, alphas[i])

        self._qtgui_freq_sink_x_0_win = sip.wrapinstance(self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0.pyqwidget(), Qt.QWidget)
        self.tab_layout_1.addWidget(self._qtgui_freq_sink_x_0_win)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0 = pfb.arb_resampler_ccf(
        	  sps,
                  taps=(psf_taps),
        	  flt_size=nfilts)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0.declare_sample_delay(filt_delay)

        self.osmosdr_sink_0 = osmosdr.sink( args="numchan=" + str(1) + " " + 'hackrf=0' )
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_sample_rate(32)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_center_freq(144e6, 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_freq_corr(0, 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_gain(10, 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_if_gain(20, 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_bb_gain(20, 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_antenna('ant0', 0)
        self.osmosdr_sink_0.set_bandwidth(0, 0)

        self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0 = digital.protocol_formatter_async(hdr_format)
        self.digital_map_bb_1_0 = digital.map_bb((pld_const.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_map_bb_1 = digital.map_bb((hdr_const.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1 = digital.crc32_async_bb(False)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc((pld_const.points()), 1)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc((hdr_const.points()), 1)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_mux(gr.sizeof_gr_complex*1, 'packet_len', 0)
        self.blocks_socket_pdu_0 = blocks.socket_pdu("UDP_SERVER", '127.0.0.1', '52001', 10, False)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(8, pld_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(8, hdr_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0 = blocks.multiply_const_vcc((.5, ))

        ##################################################
        # Connections
        ##################################################
        self.msg_connect((self.blocks_socket_pdu_0, 'pdus'), (self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'out'), (self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'payload'), (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'header'), (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 'pdus'))
        self.connect((self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0, 0), (self.osmosdr_sink_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 0), (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 0), (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0), (self.digital_map_bb_1, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0), (self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0), (self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 1))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1, 0), (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0), (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0), (self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0), (self.qtgui_freq_sink_x_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0), (self.qtgui_time_sink_x_0, 0))
    def __init__(self, freq):
        gr.top_block.__init__(self, "Burst Transmitter")

        ##################################################
        # Variables
        ##################################################
        self.tsh = tsh = 0
        self.sps = sps = 4
        self.nfilts = nfilts = 64
        self.eb = eb = .700
        self.usrp_rate = usrp_rate = 500e3

        self.psf_taps = psf_taps = firdes.root_raised_cosine(
            nfilts / 1.5, nfilts, 1.0, eb, 5 * sps * nfilts)

        self.pld_cons = pld_cons = digital.constellation_calcdist(
            ([-1, 1]), ([0, 1]), 4, 1).base()

        self.hdr_cons = hdr_cons = digital.constellation_calcdist(
            ([-1, 1]), ([0, 1]), 2, 1).base()

        self.freq = freq

        self.format_0 = format_0 = digital.header_format_default(
            digital.packet_utils.default_access_code, tsh)

        self.b_ntaps = b_ntaps = 50

        ##################################################
        # Blocks
        ##################################################
        self.uhd_usrp_sink_0 = uhd.usrp_sink(
            ",".join(("", "")),
            uhd.stream_args(
                cpu_format="fc32",
                channels=range(1),
            ),
            "packet_len",
        )
        self.uhd_usrp_sink_0.set_samp_rate(usrp_rate)
        self.uhd_usrp_sink_0.set_center_freq(freq, 0)
        self.uhd_usrp_sink_0.set_gain(0, 0)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0 = pfb.arb_resampler_ccf(sps,
                                                             taps=(psf_taps),
                                                             flt_size=nfilts)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0.declare_sample_delay(0)

        self.low_pass_filter_0 = filter.fir_filter_ccf(
            1,
            firdes.low_pass(1, usrp_rate, usrp_rate / sps * 1.4, 10e3,
                            firdes.WIN_KAISER, 6.76))
        self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0 = digital.protocol_formatter_async(
            format_0)
        self.digital_map_bb_0_0 = digital.map_bb((pld_cons.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_map_bb_0 = digital.map_bb((hdr_cons.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_diff_encoder_bb_0_0 = digital.diff_encoder_bb(
            pld_cons.arity())
        self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0 = digital.crc32_async_bb(False)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc(
            (pld_cons.points()), pld_cons.dimensionality())
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc(
            (hdr_cons.points()), hdr_cons.dimensionality())
        self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0 = digital.burst_shaper_cc(
            (firdes.window(firdes.WIN_HANN, b_ntaps, 0)), 10, 20, True,
            "packet_len")
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_mux(
            gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1, "packet_len", 0)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_multiply_length(
            gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1, "packet_len", sps)
        self.blocks_socket_pdu_0 = blocks.socket_pdu("UDP_SERVER", '127.0.0.1',
                                                     '52001', 10000, False)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_2 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(
            8, 1, "packet_len", False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_1 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(
            8, 1, "packet_len", False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(
            blocks.byte_t, "packet_len")
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(
            blocks.byte_t, "packet_len")

        ##################################################
        # Connections
        ##################################################
        self.msg_connect((self.blocks_socket_pdu_0, 'pdus'),
                         (self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0, 'out'),
                         (self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'payload'),
                         (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'header'),
                         (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1_0, 'pdus'))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1, 0),
                     (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_2, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_1, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_1, 0),
                     (self.digital_map_bb_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_2, 0),
                     (self.digital_map_bb_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0),
                     (self.low_pass_filter_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0, 0),
                     (self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 1))
        self.connect((self.digital_diff_encoder_bb_0_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_0_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_diff_encoder_bb_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.low_pass_filter_0, 0), (self.uhd_usrp_sink_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0))
Example #6
0
    def __init__(self,
                 hdr_const=digital.constellation_calcdist(
                     (digital.psk_2()[0]), (digital.psk_2()[1]), 2, 1).base(),
                 hdr_enc=fec.dummy_encoder_make(8000),
                 hdr_format=digital.header_format_default(
                     digital.packet_utils.default_access_code, 0),
                 pld_const=digital.constellation_calcdist(
                     (digital.psk_2()[0]), (digital.psk_2()[1]), 2, 1).base(),
                 pld_enc=fec.dummy_encoder_make(8000),
                 psf_taps=[
                     0,
                 ],
                 sps=2):
        gr.hier_block2.__init__(
            self,
            "Packet Tx",
            gr.io_signature(0, 0, 0),
            gr.io_signaturev(3, 3, [
                gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1, gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1,
                gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1
            ]),
        )
        self.message_port_register_hier_in("in")
        self.message_port_register_hier_out("postcrc")

        ##################################################
        # Parameters
        ##################################################
        self.hdr_const = hdr_const
        self.hdr_enc = hdr_enc
        self.hdr_format = hdr_format
        self.pld_const = pld_const
        self.pld_enc = pld_enc
        self.psf_taps = psf_taps
        self.sps = sps

        ##################################################
        # Variables
        ##################################################
        self.nfilts = nfilts = 32
        self.taps_per_filt = taps_per_filt = len(psf_taps) / nfilts
        self.filt_delay = filt_delay = int(1 + (taps_per_filt - 1) // 2)

        ##################################################
        # Blocks
        ##################################################
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0 = pfb.arb_resampler_ccf(sps,
                                                             taps=psf_taps,
                                                             flt_size=nfilts)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0.declare_sample_delay(filt_delay)
        self.fec_async_encoder_0_0 = fec.async_encoder(hdr_enc, True, False,
                                                       False, 1500)
        self.fec_async_encoder_0 = fec.async_encoder(pld_enc, True, False,
                                                     False, 1500)
        self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0 = digital.protocol_formatter_async(
            hdr_format)
        self.digital_map_bb_1_0 = digital.map_bb(pld_const.pre_diff_code())
        self.digital_map_bb_1 = digital.map_bb(hdr_const.pre_diff_code())
        self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1 = digital.crc32_async_bb(False)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc(
            pld_const.points(), 1)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc(
            hdr_const.points(), 1)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_mux(
            gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1, 'packet_len', 0)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_multiply_length(
            gr.sizeof_gr_complex * 1, 'packet_len', sps)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(
            8, pld_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False,
            gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(
            8, hdr_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False,
            gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(
            blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(
            blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')

        ##################################################
        # Connections
        ##################################################
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'out'),
                         (self.fec_async_encoder_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'out'),
                         (self, 'postcrc'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'payload'),
                         (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'header'),
                         (self.fec_async_encoder_0_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.fec_async_encoder_0, 'out'),
                         (self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.fec_async_encoder_0_0, 'out'),
                         (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self, 'in'), (self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'in'))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_map_bb_1, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0),
                     (self, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0), (self, 1))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0), (self, 2))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0),
                     (self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 1))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1, 0),
                     (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0),
                     (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0),
                     (self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0))
Example #7
0
    def __init__(self):
        gr.top_block.__init__(self, "Evolucao")
        Qt.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setWindowTitle("Evolucao")
        qtgui.util.check_set_qss()
        try:
            self.setWindowIcon(Qt.QIcon.fromTheme('gnuradio-grc'))
        except:
            pass
        self.top_scroll_layout = Qt.QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(self.top_scroll_layout)
        self.top_scroll = Qt.QScrollArea()
        self.top_scroll.setFrameStyle(Qt.QFrame.NoFrame)
        self.top_scroll_layout.addWidget(self.top_scroll)
        self.top_scroll.setWidgetResizable(True)
        self.top_widget = Qt.QWidget()
        self.top_scroll.setWidget(self.top_widget)
        self.top_layout = Qt.QVBoxLayout(self.top_widget)
        self.top_grid_layout = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.top_layout.addLayout(self.top_grid_layout)

        self.settings = Qt.QSettings("GNU Radio", "evolucao")
        self.restoreGeometry(self.settings.value("geometry", type=QtCore.QByteArray))


        ##################################################
        # Variables
        ##################################################

        self.pld_const = pld_const = digital.constellation_calcdist((digital.psk_4()[0]), (digital.psk_4()[1]), 4, 1).base()

        self.pld_const.gen_soft_dec_lut(8)
        self.sps = sps = 2
        self.rep = rep = 3
        self.preamble_rep = preamble_rep = [0xe3, 0x8f, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xc7, 0xe3, 0x81, 0xc0, 0xff, 0x80, 0x38, 0xff, 0xf0, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x0f, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x80, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc0]
        self.preamble_dummy = preamble_dummy = [0xac, 0xdd, 0xa4, 0xe2, 0xf2, 0x8c, 0x20, 0xfc]
        self.nfilts = nfilts = 32
        self.hdr_format = hdr_format = digital.header_format_counter(digital.packet_utils.default_access_code, 3, pld_const.bits_per_symbol())
        self.eb = eb = 0.22

        self.tx_rrc_taps = tx_rrc_taps = firdes.root_raised_cosine(nfilts, nfilts, 1.0, eb, 5*sps*nfilts)

        self.rate = rate = 2
        self.preamble_select = preamble_select = {1: preamble_dummy, 3: preamble_rep}

        self.hdr_const = hdr_const = digital.constellation_calcdist((digital.psk_2()[0]), (digital.psk_2()[1]), 2, 1).base()

        self.hdr_const.gen_soft_dec_lut(8)


        self.dec_hdr = dec_hdr = fec.repetition_decoder.make(hdr_format.header_nbits(), rep, 0.5)

        self.taps_per_filt = taps_per_filt = len(tx_rrc_taps)/nfilts
        self.rxmod = rxmod = digital.generic_mod(hdr_const, False, sps, True, eb, False, False)
        self.preamble = preamble = preamble_select[int(1.0/dec_hdr.rate())]
        self.polys = polys = [109, 79]
        self.mark_delays = mark_delays = [0, 0, 34, 56, 87, 119]
        self.k = k = 7
        self.time_offset = time_offset = 1.0
        self.sps_0 = sps_0 = 2
        self.samp_rate = samp_rate = 32000

        self.rx_rrc_taps = rx_rrc_taps = firdes.root_raised_cosine(nfilts, nfilts*sps, 1.0, eb, 11*sps*nfilts)

        self.noise = noise = 0.0
        self.modulated_sync_word = modulated_sync_word = digital.modulate_vector_bc(rxmod .to_basic_block(), (preamble), ([1]))
        self.mark_delay = mark_delay = mark_delays[sps]
        self.freq_offset = freq_offset = 0
        self.filt_delay = filt_delay = 1+(taps_per_filt-1)/2


        self.enc_hdr = enc_hdr = fec.repetition_encoder_make(8000, rep)



        self.enc = enc = fec.cc_encoder_make(8000, k, rate, (polys), 0, fec.CC_TERMINATED, False)



        self.dec = dec = fec.cc_decoder.make(8000, k, rate, (polys), 0, -1, fec.CC_TERMINATED, False)

        self.amp = amp = 1.0

        ##################################################
        # Blocks
        ##################################################
        self._time_offset_range = Range(0.99, 1.01, 0.00001, 1.0, 200)
        self._time_offset_win = RangeWidget(self._time_offset_range, self.set_time_offset, 'Time Offset', "counter_slider", float)
        self.top_grid_layout.addWidget(self._time_offset_win, 0, 2, 1, 1)
        for r in range(0, 1):
            self.top_grid_layout.setRowStretch(r, 1)
        for c in range(2, 3):
            self.top_grid_layout.setColumnStretch(c, 1)
        self._noise_range = Range(0, 5, 0.01, 0.0, 200)
        self._noise_win = RangeWidget(self._noise_range, self.set_noise, 'Noise Amp', "counter_slider", float)
        self.top_grid_layout.addWidget(self._noise_win, 0, 0, 1, 1)
        for r in range(0, 1):
            self.top_grid_layout.setRowStretch(r, 1)
        for c in range(0, 1):
            self.top_grid_layout.setColumnStretch(c, 1)
        self._freq_offset_range = Range(-0.5, 0.5, 0.0001, 0, 200)
        self._freq_offset_win = RangeWidget(self._freq_offset_range, self.set_freq_offset, 'Freq. Offset', "counter_slider", float)
        self.top_grid_layout.addWidget(self._freq_offset_win, 0, 1, 1, 1)
        for r in range(0, 1):
            self.top_grid_layout.setRowStretch(r, 1)
        for c in range(1, 2):
            self.top_grid_layout.setColumnStretch(c, 1)
        self._amp_range = Range(0, 2, 0.01, 1.0, 200)
        self._amp_win = RangeWidget(self._amp_range, self.set_amp, 'Amplitude', "counter_slider", float)
        self.top_grid_layout.addWidget(self._amp_win)
        self.tab1 = Qt.QTabWidget()
        self.tab1_widget_0 = Qt.QWidget()
        self.tab1_layout_0 = Qt.QBoxLayout(Qt.QBoxLayout.TopToBottom, self.tab1_widget_0)
        self.tab1_grid_layout_0 = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.tab1_layout_0.addLayout(self.tab1_grid_layout_0)
        self.tab1.addTab(self.tab1_widget_0, 'Time')
        self.tab1_widget_1 = Qt.QWidget()
        self.tab1_layout_1 = Qt.QBoxLayout(Qt.QBoxLayout.TopToBottom, self.tab1_widget_1)
        self.tab1_grid_layout_1 = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.tab1_layout_1.addLayout(self.tab1_grid_layout_1)
        self.tab1.addTab(self.tab1_widget_1, 'Freq.')
        self.tab1_widget_2 = Qt.QWidget()
        self.tab1_layout_2 = Qt.QBoxLayout(Qt.QBoxLayout.TopToBottom, self.tab1_widget_2)
        self.tab1_grid_layout_2 = Qt.QGridLayout()
        self.tab1_layout_2.addLayout(self.tab1_grid_layout_2)
        self.tab1.addTab(self.tab1_widget_2, 'Const.')
        self.top_grid_layout.addWidget(self.tab1, 1, 2, 1, 1)
        for r in range(1, 2):
            self.top_grid_layout.setRowStretch(r, 1)
        for c in range(2, 3):
            self.top_grid_layout.setColumnStretch(c, 1)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0 = pfb.arb_resampler_ccf(
        	  sps,
                  taps=(tx_rrc_taps),
        	  flt_size=nfilts)
        self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0.declare_sample_delay(filt_delay)

        self.fec_generic_decoder_0 = fec.decoder(dec_hdr, gr.sizeof_float, gr.sizeof_char)
        self.fec_async_encoder_0_0 = fec.async_encoder(enc, True, False, False, 1500)
        self.fec_async_encoder_0 = fec.async_encoder(enc, True, False, False, 1500)
        self.fec_async_decoder_0 = fec.async_decoder(dec_hdr, True, False, 1500*8)
        self.digital_protocol_parser_b_0 = digital.protocol_parser_b(hdr_format)
        self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0 = digital.protocol_formatter_async(hdr_format)
        self.digital_pfb_clock_sync_xxx_0 = digital.pfb_clock_sync_ccf(sps, 6.28/400.0, (rx_rrc_taps), nfilts, nfilts/2, 1.5, 1)
        self.digital_map_bb_1_0 = digital.map_bb((pld_const.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_map_bb_1 = digital.map_bb((hdr_const.pre_diff_code()))
        self.digital_header_payload_demux_0 = digital.header_payload_demux(
        	  (hdr_format.header_nbits() * int(1.0/dec_hdr.rate())) /  hdr_const.bits_per_symbol(),
        	  1,
        	  0,
        	  "payload symbols",
        	  "time_est",
        	  True,
        	  gr.sizeof_gr_complex,
        	  "rx_time",
                  1,
                  "",
                  0,
            )
        self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1 = digital.crc32_async_bb(False)
        self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0 = digital.crc32_async_bb(True)
        self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0_0 = digital.costas_loop_cc(6.28/200.0, pld_const.arity(), False)
        self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0 = digital.costas_loop_cc(6.28/200.0, hdr_const.arity(), False)
        self.digital_corr_est_cc_0 = digital.corr_est_cc((modulated_sync_word), sps, mark_delay, 0.999)
        self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0_0 = digital.constellation_soft_decoder_cf(hdr_const)
        self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0 = digital.constellation_soft_decoder_cf(pld_const)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc((pld_const.points()), 1)
        self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0 = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc((hdr_const.points()), 1)
        self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0 = digital.burst_shaper_cc((firdes.window(firdes.WIN_HANN, 20, 0)), 0, filt_delay, True, 'packet_len')
        (self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0).set_block_alias("burst_shaper0")
        self.channels_channel_model_0 = channels.channel_model(
        	noise_voltage=noise,
        	frequency_offset=freq_offset,
        	epsilon=time_offset,
        	taps=(1.0, ),
        	noise_seed=0,
        	block_tags=True
        )
        self.blocks_throttle_0 = blocks.throttle(gr.sizeof_char*1, samp_rate,True)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_to_pdu(blocks.float_t, "payload symbols")
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_to_pdu(blocks.byte_t, 'pacote')
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_mux(gr.sizeof_gr_complex*1, 'packet_len', 0)
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_multiply_length(gr.sizeof_float*1, "payload symbols", pld_const.bits_per_symbol())
        self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0 = blocks.tagged_stream_multiply_length(gr.sizeof_gr_complex*1, 'packet_len', sps)
        self.blocks_stream_to_tagged_stream_0 = blocks.stream_to_tagged_stream(gr.sizeof_char, 1, 100, 'pacote')
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(8, pld_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0 = blocks.repack_bits_bb(8, hdr_const.bits_per_symbol(), 'packet_len', False, gr.GR_MSB_FIRST)
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0 = blocks.pdu_to_tagged_stream(blocks.byte_t, 'packet_len')
        self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0 = blocks.multiply_const_vcc((amp, ))
        self.blocks_multiply_by_tag_value_cc_0 = blocks.multiply_by_tag_value_cc("amp_est", 1)
        self.blocks_file_source_0 = blocks.file_source(gr.sizeof_char*1, '/home/andre/Desktop/transmit_maior.txt', True)
        self.blocks_file_source_0.set_begin_tag(pmt.PMT_NIL)
        self.blocks_file_sink_0_0_0 = blocks.file_sink(gr.sizeof_char*1, '/home/andre/Desktop/transmitido/depois.txt', False)
        self.blocks_file_sink_0_0_0.set_unbuffered(False)



        ##################################################
        # Connections
        ##################################################
        self.msg_connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0, 'pdus'), (self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0_0, 'pdus'), (self.fec_async_decoder_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0, 'out'), (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_crc32_async_bb_1, 'out'), (self.fec_async_encoder_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'payload'), (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 'pdus'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'header'), (self.fec_async_encoder_0_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.digital_protocol_parser_b_0, 'info'), (self.digital_header_payload_demux_0, 'header_data'))
        self.msg_connect((self.fec_async_decoder_0, 'out'), (self.digital_crc32_async_bb_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.fec_async_encoder_0, 'out'), (self.digital_protocol_formatter_async_0, 'in'))
        self.msg_connect((self.fec_async_encoder_0_0, 'out'), (self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 'pdus'))
        self.connect((self.blocks_file_source_0, 0), (self.blocks_throttle_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_multiply_by_tag_value_cc_0, 0), (self.digital_pfb_clock_sync_xxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0, 0), (self.digital_corr_est_cc_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0, 0), (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_0_0, 0), (self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_pdu_to_tagged_stream_1, 0), (self.blocks_file_sink_0_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0, 0), (self.digital_map_bb_1, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_repack_bits_bb_0_0, 0), (self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_stream_to_tagged_stream_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0), (self.channels_channel_model_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_to_pdu_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0), (self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.blocks_throttle_0, 0), (self.blocks_stream_to_tagged_stream_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.channels_channel_model_0, 0), (self.blocks_multiply_const_vxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_burst_shaper_xx_0, 0), (self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_mux_0, 1))
        self.connect((self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0_0, 0), (self.fec_generic_decoder_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_corr_est_cc_0, 0), (self.blocks_multiply_by_tag_value_cc_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0, 0), (self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0_0, 0), (self.digital_constellation_soft_decoder_cf_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_header_payload_demux_0, 0), (self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_header_payload_demux_0, 1), (self.digital_costas_loop_cc_0_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1, 0), (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_map_bb_1_0, 0), (self.digital_chunks_to_symbols_xx_0_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.digital_pfb_clock_sync_xxx_0, 0), (self.digital_header_payload_demux_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.fec_generic_decoder_0, 0), (self.digital_protocol_parser_b_0, 0))
        self.connect((self.pfb_arb_resampler_xxx_0, 0), (self.blocks_tagged_stream_multiply_length_0, 0))