def _run_microcircuit(plot_filename, conf):
import plotting
import logging
simulator = conf['simulator']
# we here only need nest as simulator, simulator = 'nest'
import pyNN.nest as sim
# prepare simulation
logging.basicConfig()
# extract parameters from config file
master_seed = conf['params_dict']['nest']['master_seed']
layers = conf['layers']
pops = conf['pops']
plot_spiking_activity = conf['plot_spiking_activity']
raster_t_min = conf['raster_t_min']
raster_t_max = conf['raster_t_max']
frac_to_plot = conf['frac_to_plot']
record_corr = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_corr']
tau_max = conf['tau_max']
# Numbers of neurons from which to record spikes
n_rec = helper_functions.get_n_rec(conf)
sim.setup(**conf['simulator_params'][simulator])
if simulator == 'nest':
n_vp = sim.nest.GetKernelStatus('total_num_virtual_procs')
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'n_vp: ', n_vp
print 'master_seed: ', master_seed
sim.nest.SetKernelStatus({'print_time': False,
'dict_miss_is_error': False,
'grng_seed': master_seed,
'rng_seeds': range(master_seed + 1,
master_seed + n_vp + 1),
'data_path': conf['system_params'] \
['output_path']})
import network
# result of export-files
results = []
# create network
start_netw = time.time()
n = network.Network(sim)
# contains the GIDs of the spike detectors and voltmeters needed for
# retrieving filenames later
device_list = n.setup(sim, conf)
end_netw = time.time()
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'Creating the network took ', end_netw - start_netw, ' s'
# simulate
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "Simulating..."
start_sim = time.time()
sim.run(conf['simulator_params'][simulator]['sim_duration'])
end_sim = time.time()
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'Simulation took ', end_sim - start_sim, ' s'
# extract filename from device_list (spikedetector/voltmeter),
# gid of neuron and thread. merge outputs from all threads
# into a single file which is then added to the task output.
for dev in device_list:
label = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['label']
gid = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['global_id']
# use the file extension to distinguish between spike and voltage
# output
extension = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['file_extension']
if extension == 'gdf': # spikes
data = np.empty((0, 2))
elif extension == 'dat': # voltages
data = np.empty((0, 3))
for thread in xrange(conf['simulator_params']['nest']['threads']):
filenames = glob.glob(conf['system_params']['output_path']
+ '%s-*%d-%d.%s' % (label, gid, thread, extension))
assert(
len(filenames) == 1), 'Multiple input files found. Use a clean output directory.'
data = np.vstack([data, np.loadtxt(filenames[0])])
# delete original files
os.remove(filenames[0])
order = np.argsort(data[:, 1])
data = data[order]
outputfile_name = 'collected_%s-%d.%s' % (label, gid, extension)
outputfile = open(outputfile_name, 'w')
# the outputfile should have same format as output from NEST.
# i.e., [int, float] for spikes and [int, float, float] for voltages,
# hence we write it line by line and assign the corresponding filetype
if extension == 'gdf': # spikes
for line in data:
outputfile.write('%d\t%.3f\n' % (line[0], line[1]))
outputfile.close()
filetype = 'application/vnd.juelich.nest.spike_times'
elif extension == 'dat': # voltages
for line in data:
outputfile.write(
'%d\t%.3f\t%.3f\n' % (line[0], line[1], line[2]))
outputfile.close()
filetype = 'application/vnd.juelich.nest.analogue_signal'
res = (outputfile_name, filetype)
results.append(res)
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
start_corr = time.time()
if sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'local')[0]:
print 'getting count_covariance on rank ', sim.rank()
cov_all = sim.nest.GetStatus(
n.corr_detector, 'count_covariance')[0]
delta_tau = sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'delta_tau')[0]
cov = {}
for target_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = conf['structure'][target_layer][target_pop]
cov[target_index] = {}
for source_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = conf['structure'][
source_layer][source_pop]
cov[target_index][source_index] = \
np.array(list(
cov_all[target_index][source_index][::-1])
+ list(cov_all[source_index][target_index][1:]))
f = open(conf['system_params'][
'output_path'] + '/covariances.dat', 'w')
print >>f, 'tau_max: ', tau_max
print >>f, 'delta_tau: ', delta_tau
print >>f, 'simtime: ', conf['simulator_params'][
simulator]['sim_duration'], '\n'
for target_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = conf['structure'][target_layer][target_pop]
for source_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = conf['structure'][
source_layer][source_pop]
print >>f, target_layer, target_pop, '-', source_layer, source_pop
print >>f, 'n_events_target: ', sim.nest.GetStatus(
n.corr_detector, 'n_events')[0][target_index]
print >>f, 'n_events_source: ', sim.nest.GetStatus(
n.corr_detector, 'n_events')[0][source_index]
for i in xrange(len(cov[target_index][source_index])):
print >>f, cov[target_index][source_index][i]
print >>f, ''
f.close()
# add file covariances.dat into bundle
res_cov = ('covariances.dat',
'text/plain')
results.append(res_cov)
end_corr = time.time()
print "Writing covariances took ", end_corr - start_corr, " s"
if plot_spiking_activity and sim.rank() == 0:
plotting.plot_raster_bars(raster_t_min, raster_t_max, n_rec,
frac_to_plot, n.pops,
conf['system_params']['output_path'],
plot_filename, conf)
res_plot = (plot_filename, 'image/png')
results.append(res_plot)
sim.end()
return results
def setup(self, sim, conf):
# extract parameters
pyseed = conf['params_dict']['nest']['pyseed']
parallel_safe = conf['params_dict']['nest']['parallel_safe']
input_type = conf['params_dict']['nest']['input_type']
layers = conf['layers']
pops = conf['pops']
bg_rate = conf['bg_rate']
w_mean = conf['w_mean']
K_scaling = conf['params_dict']['nest']['K_scaling']
N_scaling = conf['params_dict']['nest']['N_scaling']
n_record = conf['params_dict']['nest']['n_record']
neuron_model = conf['neuron_model']
tau_max = conf['tau_max']
record_corr = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_corr']
n_layers = conf['n_layers']
n_pops_per_layer = conf['n_pops_per_layer']
V0_mean = conf['V0_mean']
n_record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['n_record_v']
record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_v']
record_fraction = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_fraction']
thalamic_input = conf['thalamic_input']
w_rel = conf['w_rel']
w_rel_234 = conf['w_rel_234']
simulator = conf['simulator']
N_full = conf['N_full']
K_ext = conf['K_ext']
tau_syn_E = conf['neuron_params']['tau_syn_E']
v_thresh = conf['neuron_params']['v_thresh']
v_rest = conf['neuron_params']['v_rest']
neuron_params = conf['neuron_params']
thal_params = conf['thal_params']
structure = conf['structure']
d_mean = conf['d_mean']
d_sd = conf['d_sd']
frac_record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['frac_record_v']
n_rec = helper_functions.get_n_rec(conf)
# if parallel_safe=False, PyNN offsets the seeds by 1 for each rank
script_rng = NumpyRNG(seed=pyseed,
parallel_safe=parallel_safe)
# Compute DC input before scaling
if input_type == 'DC':
self.DC_amp = {}
for target_layer in layers:
self.DC_amp[target_layer] = {}
for target_pop in pops:
self.DC_amp[target_layer][target_pop] = bg_rate * \
K_ext[target_layer][target_pop] * \
w_mean * tau_syn_E / 1000.
else:
self.DC_amp = {'L23': {'E': 0., 'I': 0.},
'L4': {'E': 0., 'I': 0.},
'L5': {'E': 0., 'I': 0.},
'L6': {'E': 0., 'I': 0.}}
# In-degrees of the full-scale and scaled models
K_full = Scaling.get_indegrees(conf)
self.K = K_scaling * K_full
self.K_ext = {}
for layer in layers:
self.K_ext[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
self.K_ext[layer][pop] = K_scaling * K_ext[layer][pop]
self.w = helper_functions.create_weight_matrix(conf)
# Network scaling
if K_scaling != 1:
self.w, self.w_ext, self.DC_amp = Scaling.adjust_w_and_ext_to_K(
K_full, K_scaling, self.w, self.DC_amp, conf)
else:
self.w_ext = w_mean
Vthresh = {}
for layer in layers:
Vthresh[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
Vthresh[layer][pop] = v_thresh
# Initial membrane potential distributions
# The original study used V0_mean = -58 mV, V0_sd = 5 mV.
# This is adjusted here to any changes in v_rest and scaling of V.
V0_mean = {}
V0_sd = {}
for layer in layers:
V0_mean[layer] = {}
V0_sd[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V0_mean[layer][pop] = (v_rest + Vthresh[layer][pop]) / 2.
V0_sd[layer][pop] = (Vthresh[layer][pop] -
v_rest) / 3.
V_dist = {}
for layer in layers:
V_dist[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V_dist[layer][pop] = RandomDistribution('normal',
[V0_mean[layer][pop],
V0_sd[layer][pop]],
rng=script_rng)
model = getattr(sim, neuron_model)
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
# Create correlation recording device
sim.nest.SetDefaults('correlomatrix_detector', {'delta_tau': 0.5})
self.corr_detector = sim.nest.Create('correlomatrix_detector')
sim.nest.SetStatus(
self.corr_detector, {'N_channels': n_layers * n_pops_per_layer,
'tau_max': tau_max,
'Tstart': tau_max,
})
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'neuron_params:', conf['neuron_params']
print 'K: ', self.K
print 'K_ext: ', self.K_ext
print 'w: ', self.w
print 'w_ext: ', self.w_ext
print 'DC_amp: ', self.DC_amp
print 'V0_mean: '
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, V0_mean[layer][pop]
print 'n_rec:'
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, n_rec[layer][pop]
if not record_fraction and n_record > int(round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)):
print 'Note that requested number of neurons to record exceeds ', \
layer, pop, ' population size'
# Create cortical populations
self.pops = {}
global_neuron_id = 1
self.base_neuron_ids = {}
# list containing the GIDs of recording devices, needed for output
# bundle
device_list = []
for layer in layers:
self.pops[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
cellparams = neuron_params
self.pops[layer][pop] = sim.Population(
int(round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)),
model,
cellparams=cellparams,
label=layer + pop)
this_pop = self.pops[layer][pop]
# Provide DC input in the current-based case
# DC input is assumed to be absent in the conductance-based
# case
this_pop.set('i_offset', self.DC_amp[layer][pop])
self.base_neuron_ids[this_pop] = global_neuron_id
global_neuron_id += len(this_pop) + 2
this_pop.initialize('v', V_dist[layer][pop])
# Spike recording
# PYTHON2.6: SINCE SPIKES CANNOT BE RECORDED AT THE MOMENT
# USING PYNN'S record(), WE CREATE AND CONNECT SPIKE DETECTORS
# WITH PYNEST
# this_pop[0:n_rec[layer][pop]].record()
sd = sim.nest.Create('spike_detector',
params={
'label': 'spikes_{0}{1}'.format(layer, pop),
'withtime': True,
'withgid': True,
'to_file': True})
device_list.append(sd)
sim.nest.Connect(
list(this_pop[0:n_rec[layer][pop]].all_cells), sd)
# Membrane potential recording
if record_v:
if record_fraction:
n_rec_v = round(this_pop.size * frac_record_v)
else:
n_rec_v = n_record_v
# PYTHON2.6: SINCE VOLTAGES CANNOT BE RECORDED AT THE MOMENT
# USING PYNN'S record_v(), WE CREATE AND CONNECT VOLTMETERS
# WITH PYNEST
# this_pop[0 : n_rec_v].record_v()
vm = sim.nest.Create('voltmeter',
params={
'label': 'voltages_{0}{1}'.format(layer, pop),
'withtime': True,
'withgid': True,
'to_file': True})
device_list.append(vm)
sim.nest.Connect(vm, list(this_pop[0:n_rec_v]))
# Correlation recording
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
index = structure[layer][pop]
sim.nest.SetDefaults(
'static_synapse', {'receptor_type': index})
sim.nest.Connect(list(this_pop.all_cells),
self.corr_detector)
# PYTHON2.6: reset receptor type because Connect is used
# also for the spike detector and the voltmeter
sim.nest.SetDefaults(
'static_synapse', {'receptor_type': 0})
# if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
# reset receptor_type
# sim.nest.SetDefaults('static_synapse', {'receptor_type': 0})
# Currently, we get an error if we try to generate a population with
# sim.SpikeSourcePoisson elements. Therefore, thalamic neurons are
# created via PyNEST in this version
if thalamic_input:
self.thalamic_population = sim.nest.Create('parrot_neuron',
thal_params['n_thal'])
# create and connect a poisson generator for stimulating the
# thalamic population
thal_pg = sim.nest.Create('poisson_generator',
params={'rate': thal_params['rate'],
'start': thal_params['start'],
'stop': thal_params['start'] + thal_params['duration']})
sim.nest.Connect(thal_pg, self.thalamic_population)
# Create thalamic population
# self.thalamic_population = sim.Population(thal_params['n_thal'],
# sim.SpikeSourcePoisson,
# {'rate': thal_params['rate'],
# 'start': thal_params['start'],
# 'duration': thal_params['duration']},
# label='thalamic_population')
# self.base_neuron_ids[self.thalamic_population] = global_neuron_id
# global_neuron_id += len(self.thalamic_population) + 2
possible_targets_curr = ['inhibitory', 'excitatory']
# Connect
for target_layer in layers:
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = structure[target_layer][target_pop]
this_target_pop = self.pops[target_layer][target_pop]
w_ext = self.w_ext
# External inputs
if input_type == 'poisson':
rate = bg_rate * self.K_ext[target_layer][target_pop]
if simulator == 'nest':
# create only a single Poisson generator for each population,
# since the native NEST implementation sends
# independent spike trains to all targets
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'connecting Poisson generator to', target_layer, target_pop
pg = sim.nest.Create(
'poisson_generator', params={'rate': rate})
conn_dict = {'rule': 'all_to_all'}
syn_dict = {'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': 1000. * w_ext,
'delay': d_mean['E']}
sim.nest.Connect(
pg, list(this_target_pop.all_cells), conn_dict, syn_dict)
if thalamic_input:
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'creating thalamic connections to ' + target_layer + target_pop
C_thal = thal_params['C'][target_layer][target_pop]
n_target = N_full[target_layer][target_pop]
K_thal = round(np.log(1 - C_thal) / np.log((n_target * thal_params['n_thal'] - 1.) /
(n_target * thal_params['n_thal']))) / n_target * K_scaling
# Currently, the thalamic populations is created with PyNEST
# (it is not a PyNN Population)
# and has to be connected to the cortical neurons similar to
# FixedTotalNumberConnect()
target_neurons = list(this_target_pop.all_cells)
n_syn = int(round(K_thal * len(target_neurons)))
conn_dict = {'rule': 'fixed_total_number', 'N': n_syn}
syn_dict = {'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': {'distribution': 'normal_clipped',
'mu': 1000. * w_ext,
'sigma': 1000. * w_rel * w_ext},
'delay': {'distribution': 'normal_clipped',
'low': conf['simulator_params'][simulator]['min_delay'],
'mu': d_mean['E'],
'sigma': d_sd['E']}}
sim.nest.Connect(self.thalamic_population, target_neurons,
conn_dict, syn_dict)
# Connectivity.FixedTotalNumberConnect(sim, self.thalamic_population,
# this_target_pop,
# K_thal, w_ext,
# w_rel * w_ext,
# d_mean['E'],
# d_sd['E'], conf)
# Recurrent inputs
for source_layer in layers:
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = structure[source_layer][source_pop]
this_source_pop = self.pops[source_layer][source_pop]
weight = self.w[target_index][source_index]
possible_targets_curr[int((np.sign(weight) + 1) / 2)]
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'creating connections from ' + source_layer + \
source_pop + ' to ' + target_layer + target_pop
if source_pop == 'E' and source_layer == 'L4' and target_layer == 'L23' and target_pop == 'E':
w_sd = weight * w_rel_234
else:
w_sd = abs(weight * w_rel)
Connectivity.FixedTotalNumberConnect(sim,
this_source_pop,
this_target_pop,
self.K[target_index][
source_index],
weight, w_sd,
d_mean[source_pop], d_sd[source_pop], conf)
return device_list
def setup(self, sim, conf):
# extract parameters
pyseed = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["pyseed"]
parallel_safe = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["parallel_safe"]
input_type = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["input_type"]
layers = conf["layers"]
pops = conf["pops"]
bg_rate = conf["bg_rate"]
w_mean = conf["w_mean"]
K_scaling = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["K_scaling"]
N_scaling = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["N_scaling"]
n_record = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["n_record"]
neuron_model = conf["neuron_model"]
tau_max = conf["tau_max"]
record_corr = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["record_corr"]
n_layers = conf["n_layers"]
n_pops_per_layer = conf["n_pops_per_layer"]
V0_mean = conf["V0_mean"]
n_record_v = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["n_record_v"]
record_v = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["record_v"]
record_fraction = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["record_fraction"]
thalamic_input = conf["thalamic_input"]
w_rel = conf["w_rel"]
w_rel_234 = conf["w_rel_234"]
simulator = conf["simulator"]
N_full = conf["N_full"]
K_ext = conf["K_ext"]
tau_syn_E = conf["neuron_params"]["tau_syn_E"]
v_thresh = conf["neuron_params"]["v_thresh"]
v_rest = conf["neuron_params"]["v_rest"]
neuron_params = conf["neuron_params"]
thal_params = conf["thal_params"]
structure = conf["structure"]
d_mean = conf["d_mean"]
d_sd = conf["d_sd"]
frac_record_v = conf["params_dict"]["nest"]["frac_record_v"]
n_rec = helper_functions.get_n_rec(conf)
# if parallel_safe=False, PyNN offsets the seeds by 1 for each rank
script_rng = NumpyRNG(seed=pyseed, parallel_safe=parallel_safe)
# Compute DC input before scaling
if input_type == "DC":
self.DC_amp = {}
for target_layer in layers:
self.DC_amp[target_layer] = {}
for target_pop in pops:
self.DC_amp[target_layer][target_pop] = (
bg_rate * K_ext[target_layer][target_pop] * w_mean * tau_syn_E / 1000.0
)
else:
self.DC_amp = {
"L23": {"E": 0.0, "I": 0.0},
"L4": {"E": 0.0, "I": 0.0},
"L5": {"E": 0.0, "I": 0.0},
"L6": {"E": 0.0, "I": 0.0},
}
# In-degrees of the full-scale and scaled models
K_full = scaling.get_indegrees(conf)
self.K = K_scaling * K_full
self.K_ext = {}
for layer in layers:
self.K_ext[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
self.K_ext[layer][pop] = K_scaling * K_ext[layer][pop]
self.w = helper_functions.create_weight_matrix(conf)
# Network scaling
if K_scaling != 1:
self.w, self.w_ext, self.DC_amp = scaling.adjust_w_and_ext_to_K(
K_full, K_scaling, self.w, self.DC_amp, conf
)
else:
self.w_ext = w_mean
Vthresh = {}
for layer in layers:
Vthresh[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
Vthresh[layer][pop] = v_thresh
# Initial membrane potential distributions
# The original study used V0_mean = -58 mV, V0_sd = 5 mV.
# This is adjusted here to any changes in v_rest and scaling of V.
V0_mean = {}
V0_sd = {}
for layer in layers:
V0_mean[layer] = {}
V0_sd[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V0_mean[layer][pop] = (v_rest + Vthresh[layer][pop]) / 2.0
V0_sd[layer][pop] = (Vthresh[layer][pop] - v_rest) / 3.0
V_dist = {}
for layer in layers:
V_dist[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V_dist[layer][pop] = RandomDistribution(
"normal", [V0_mean[layer][pop], V0_sd[layer][pop]], rng=script_rng
)
model = getattr(sim, neuron_model)
if record_corr and simulator == "nest":
# Create correlation recording device
sim.nest.SetDefaults("correlomatrix_detector", {"delta_tau": 0.5})
self.corr_detector = sim.nest.Create("correlomatrix_detector")
sim.nest.SetStatus(
self.corr_detector, {"N_channels": n_layers * n_pops_per_layer, "tau_max": tau_max, "Tstart": tau_max}
)
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "neuron_params:", conf["neuron_params"]
print "K: ", self.K
print "K_ext: ", self.K_ext
print "w: ", self.w
print "w_ext: ", self.w_ext
print "DC_amp: ", self.DC_amp
print "V0_mean: "
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, V0_mean[layer][pop]
print "n_rec:"
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, n_rec[layer][pop]
if not record_fraction and n_record > int(round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)):
print "Note that requested number of neurons to record",
print "exceeds ", layer, pop, " population size"
# Create cortical populations
self.pops = {}
global_neuron_id = 1
self.base_neuron_ids = {}
# list containing the GIDs of recording devices, needed for output
# bundle
device_list = []
for layer in layers:
self.pops[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
cellparams = neuron_params
self.pops[layer][pop] = sim.Population(
int(round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)), model, cellparams=cellparams, label=layer + pop
)
this_pop = self.pops[layer][pop]
# Provide DC input in the current-based case
# DC input is assumed to be absent in the conductance-based
# case
this_pop.set("i_offset", self.DC_amp[layer][pop])
self.base_neuron_ids[this_pop] = global_neuron_id
global_neuron_id += len(this_pop) + 2
this_pop.initialize("v", V_dist[layer][pop])
# Spike recording
sd = sim.nest.Create(
"spike_detector",
params={
"label": "spikes_{0}{1}".format(layer, pop),
"withtime": True,
"withgid": True,
"to_file": True,
},
)
device_list.append(sd)
sim.nest.Connect(list(this_pop[0 : n_rec[layer][pop]].all_cells), sd)
# Membrane potential recording
if record_v:
if record_fraction:
n_rec_v = round(this_pop.size * frac_record_v)
else:
n_rec_v = n_record_v
vm = sim.nest.Create(
"voltmeter",
params={
"label": "voltages_{0}{1}".format(layer, pop),
"withtime": True,
"withgid": True,
"to_file": True,
},
)
device_list.append(vm)
sim.nest.Connect(vm, list(this_pop[0:n_rec_v]))
# Correlation recording
if record_corr and simulator == "nest":
index = structure[layer][pop]
sim.nest.SetDefaults("static_synapse", {"receptor_type": index})
sim.nest.Connect(list(this_pop.all_cells), self.corr_detector)
sim.nest.SetDefaults("static_synapse", {"receptor_type": 0})
if thalamic_input:
self.thalamic_population = sim.nest.Create("parrot_neuron", thal_params["n_thal"])
# create and connect a poisson generator for stimulating the
# thalamic population
thal_pg = sim.nest.Create(
"poisson_generator",
params={
"rate": thal_params["rate"],
"start": thal_params["start"],
"stop": thal_params["start"] + thal_params["duration"],
},
)
sim.nest.Connect(thal_pg, self.thalamic_population)
possible_targets_curr = ["inhibitory", "excitatory"]
# Connect
for target_layer in layers:
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = structure[target_layer][target_pop]
this_target_pop = self.pops[target_layer][target_pop]
w_ext = self.w_ext
# External inputs
if input_type == "poisson":
rate = bg_rate * self.K_ext[target_layer][target_pop]
if simulator == "nest":
# create only a single Poisson generator for each
# population, since the native NEST implementation sends
# independent spike trains to all targets
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "connecting Poisson generator to",
print target_layer, target_pop
pg = sim.nest.Create("poisson_generator", params={"rate": rate})
conn_dict = {"rule": "all_to_all"}
syn_dict = {"model": "static_synapse", "weight": 1000.0 * w_ext, "delay": d_mean["E"]}
sim.nest.Connect(pg, list(this_target_pop.all_cells), conn_dict, syn_dict)
if thalamic_input:
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "creating thalamic connections to ", target_layer,
print target_pop
C_thal = thal_params["C"][target_layer][target_pop]
n_target = N_full[target_layer][target_pop]
K_thal = (
round(
np.log(1 - C_thal)
/ np.log((n_target * thal_params["n_thal"] - 1.0) / (n_target * thal_params["n_thal"]))
)
/ n_target
* K_scaling
)
target_neurons = list(this_target_pop.all_cells)
n_syn = int(round(K_thal * len(target_neurons)))
conn_dict = {"rule": "fixed_total_number", "N": n_syn}
syn_dict = {
"model": "static_synapse",
"weight": {
"distribution": "normal_clipped",
"mu": 1000.0 * w_ext,
"sigma": 1000.0 * w_rel * w_ext,
},
"delay": {
"distribution": "normal_clipped",
"low": conf["simulator_params"][simulator]["min_delay"],
"mu": d_mean["E"],
"sigma": d_sd["E"],
},
}
sim.nest.Connect(self.thalamic_population, target_neurons, conn_dict, syn_dict)
# Recurrent inputs
for source_layer in layers:
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = structure[source_layer][source_pop]
this_source_pop = self.pops[source_layer][source_pop]
weight = self.w[target_index][source_index]
possible_targets_curr[int((np.sign(weight) + 1) / 2)]
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "creating connections from ", source_layer + source_pop + " to " + target_layer + target_pop
if source_pop == "E" and source_layer == "L4" and target_layer == "L23" and target_pop == "E":
w_sd = weight * w_rel_234
else:
w_sd = abs(weight * w_rel)
connectivity.FixedTotalNumberConnect(
sim,
this_source_pop,
this_target_pop,
self.K[target_index][source_index],
weight,
w_sd,
d_mean[source_pop],
d_sd[source_pop],
conf,
)
return device_list
def setup(self, sim, conf):
# extract parameters
pyseed = conf['params_dict']['nest']['pyseed']
parallel_safe = conf['params_dict']['nest']['parallel_safe']
input_type = conf['params_dict']['nest']['input_type']
layers = conf['layers']
pops = conf['pops']
bg_rate = conf['bg_rate']
w_mean = conf['w_mean']
K_scaling = conf['params_dict']['nest']['K_scaling']
N_scaling = conf['params_dict']['nest']['N_scaling']
n_record = conf['params_dict']['nest']['n_record']
neuron_model = conf['neuron_model']
tau_max = conf['tau_max']
record_corr = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_corr']
n_layers = conf['n_layers']
n_pops_per_layer = conf['n_pops_per_layer']
V0_mean = conf['V0_mean']
n_record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['n_record_v']
record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_v']
record_fraction = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_fraction']
thalamic_input = conf['thalamic_input']
w_rel = conf['w_rel']
w_rel_234 = conf['w_rel_234']
simulator = conf['simulator']
N_full = conf['N_full']
K_ext = conf['K_ext']
tau_syn_E = conf['neuron_params']['tau_syn_E']
v_thresh = conf['neuron_params']['v_thresh']
v_rest = conf['neuron_params']['v_rest']
neuron_params = conf['neuron_params']
thal_params = conf['thal_params']
structure = conf['structure']
d_mean = conf['d_mean']
d_sd = conf['d_sd']
frac_record_v = conf['params_dict']['nest']['frac_record_v']
n_rec = helper_functions.get_n_rec(conf)
# if parallel_safe=False, PyNN offsets the seeds by 1 for each rank
script_rng = NumpyRNG(seed=pyseed, parallel_safe=parallel_safe)
# Compute DC input before scaling
if input_type == 'DC':
self.DC_amp = {}
for target_layer in layers:
self.DC_amp[target_layer] = {}
for target_pop in pops:
self.DC_amp[target_layer][target_pop] = bg_rate * \
K_ext[target_layer][target_pop] * \
w_mean * tau_syn_E / 1000.
else:
self.DC_amp = {
'L23': {
'E': 0.,
'I': 0.
},
'L4': {
'E': 0.,
'I': 0.
},
'L5': {
'E': 0.,
'I': 0.
},
'L6': {
'E': 0.,
'I': 0.
}
}
# In-degrees of the full-scale and scaled models
K_full = scaling.get_indegrees(conf)
self.K = K_scaling * K_full
self.K_ext = {}
for layer in layers:
self.K_ext[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
self.K_ext[layer][pop] = K_scaling * K_ext[layer][pop]
self.w = helper_functions.create_weight_matrix(conf)
# Network scaling
if K_scaling != 1:
self.w, self.w_ext, self.DC_amp = scaling.adjust_w_and_ext_to_K(
K_full, K_scaling, self.w, self.DC_amp, conf)
else:
self.w_ext = w_mean
Vthresh = {}
for layer in layers:
Vthresh[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
Vthresh[layer][pop] = v_thresh
# Initial membrane potential distributions
# The original study used V0_mean = -58 mV, V0_sd = 5 mV.
# This is adjusted here to any changes in v_rest and scaling of V.
V0_mean = {}
V0_sd = {}
for layer in layers:
V0_mean[layer] = {}
V0_sd[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V0_mean[layer][pop] = (v_rest + Vthresh[layer][pop]) / 2.
V0_sd[layer][pop] = (Vthresh[layer][pop] - v_rest) / 3.
V_dist = {}
for layer in layers:
V_dist[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
V_dist[layer][pop] = RandomDistribution(
'normal', [V0_mean[layer][pop], V0_sd[layer][pop]],
rng=script_rng)
model = getattr(sim, neuron_model)
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
# Create correlation recording device
sim.nest.SetDefaults('correlomatrix_detector', {'delta_tau': 0.5})
self.corr_detector = sim.nest.Create('correlomatrix_detector')
sim.nest.SetStatus(
self.corr_detector, {
'N_channels': n_layers * n_pops_per_layer,
'tau_max': tau_max,
'Tstart': tau_max,
})
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'neuron_params:', conf['neuron_params']
print 'K: ', self.K
print 'K_ext: ', self.K_ext
print 'w: ', self.w
print 'w_ext: ', self.w_ext
print 'DC_amp: ', self.DC_amp
print 'V0_mean: '
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, V0_mean[layer][pop]
print 'n_rec:'
for layer in layers:
for pop in pops:
print layer, pop, n_rec[layer][pop]
if not record_fraction and n_record > \
int(round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)):
print 'Note that requested number of neurons to record',
print 'exceeds ', layer, pop, ' population size'
# Create cortical populations
self.pops = {}
global_neuron_id = 1
self.base_neuron_ids = {}
# list containing the GIDs of recording devices, needed for output
# bundle
device_list = []
for layer in layers:
self.pops[layer] = {}
for pop in pops:
cellparams = neuron_params
self.pops[layer][pop] = sim.Population(int(
round(N_full[layer][pop] * N_scaling)),
model,
cellparams=cellparams,
label=layer + pop)
this_pop = self.pops[layer][pop]
# Provide DC input in the current-based case
# DC input is assumed to be absent in the conductance-based
# case
this_pop.set('i_offset', self.DC_amp[layer][pop])
self.base_neuron_ids[this_pop] = global_neuron_id
global_neuron_id += len(this_pop) + 2
this_pop.initialize('v', V_dist[layer][pop])
# Spike recording
sd = sim.nest.Create('spike_detector',
params={
'label':
'spikes_{0}{1}'.format(layer, pop),
'withtime':
True,
'withgid':
True,
'to_file':
True
})
device_list.append(sd)
sim.nest.Connect(list(this_pop[0:n_rec[layer][pop]].all_cells),
sd)
# Membrane potential recording
if record_v:
if record_fraction:
n_rec_v = round(this_pop.size * frac_record_v)
else:
n_rec_v = n_record_v
vm = sim.nest.Create('voltmeter',
params={
'label':
'voltages_{0}{1}'.format(
layer, pop),
'withtime':
True,
'withgid':
True,
'to_file':
True
})
device_list.append(vm)
sim.nest.Connect(vm, list(this_pop[0:n_rec_v]))
# Correlation recording
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
index = structure[layer][pop]
sim.nest.SetDefaults('static_synapse',
{'receptor_type': index})
sim.nest.Connect(list(this_pop.all_cells),
self.corr_detector)
sim.nest.SetDefaults('static_synapse',
{'receptor_type': 0})
if thalamic_input:
self.thalamic_population = sim.nest.Create('parrot_neuron',
thal_params['n_thal'])
# create and connect a poisson generator for stimulating the
# thalamic population
thal_pg = sim.nest.Create('poisson_generator',
params={'rate': thal_params['rate'],
'start': thal_params['start'],
'stop': thal_params['start'] \
+ thal_params['duration']})
sim.nest.Connect(thal_pg, self.thalamic_population)
possible_targets_curr = ['inhibitory', 'excitatory']
# Connect
for target_layer in layers:
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = structure[target_layer][target_pop]
this_target_pop = self.pops[target_layer][target_pop]
w_ext = self.w_ext
# External inputs
if input_type == 'poisson':
rate = bg_rate * self.K_ext[target_layer][target_pop]
if simulator == 'nest':
# create only a single Poisson generator for each
# population, since the native NEST implementation sends
# independent spike trains to all targets
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'connecting Poisson generator to',
print target_layer, target_pop
pg = sim.nest.Create('poisson_generator',
params={'rate': rate})
conn_dict = {'rule': 'all_to_all'}
syn_dict = {
'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': 1000. * w_ext,
'delay': d_mean['E']
}
sim.nest.Connect(pg, list(this_target_pop.all_cells),
conn_dict, syn_dict)
if thalamic_input:
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'creating thalamic connections to ', target_layer,
print target_pop
C_thal = thal_params['C'][target_layer][target_pop]
n_target = N_full[target_layer][target_pop]
K_thal = round(np.log(1 - C_thal) / \
np.log(
(n_target * thal_params['n_thal'] - 1.) /
(n_target * thal_params['n_thal']))) / \
n_target * K_scaling
target_neurons = list(this_target_pop.all_cells)
n_syn = int(round(K_thal * len(target_neurons)))
conn_dict = {'rule': 'fixed_total_number', 'N': n_syn}
syn_dict = {'model': 'static_synapse',
'weight': {'distribution': 'normal_clipped',
'mu': 1000. * w_ext,
'sigma': 1000. * w_rel * w_ext},
'delay': {'distribution': 'normal_clipped',
'low': conf['simulator_params'] \
[simulator]['min_delay'],
'mu': d_mean['E'],
'sigma': d_sd['E']}}
sim.nest.Connect(self.thalamic_population, target_neurons,
conn_dict, syn_dict)
# Recurrent inputs
for source_layer in layers:
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = structure[source_layer][source_pop]
this_source_pop = self.pops[source_layer][source_pop]
weight = self.w[target_index][source_index]
possible_targets_curr[int((np.sign(weight) + 1) / 2)]
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'creating connections from ', source_layer + \
source_pop + ' to ' + target_layer + target_pop
if source_pop == 'E' and source_layer == 'L4' and \
target_layer == 'L23' and target_pop == 'E':
w_sd = weight * w_rel_234
else:
w_sd = abs(weight * w_rel)
connectivity.FixedTotalNumberConnect(
sim, this_source_pop, this_target_pop,
self.K[target_index][source_index], weight, w_sd,
d_mean[source_pop], d_sd[source_pop], conf)
return device_list
def _run_microcircuit(plot_filename, conf):
import plotting
import logging
simulator = conf['simulator']
# we here only need nest as simulator, simulator = 'nest'
import pyNN.nest as sim
# prepare simulation
logging.basicConfig()
# extract parameters from config file
master_seed = conf['params_dict']['nest']['master_seed']
layers = conf['layers']
pops = conf['pops']
plot_spiking_activity = conf['plot_spiking_activity']
raster_t_min = conf['raster_t_min']
raster_t_max = conf['raster_t_max']
frac_to_plot = conf['frac_to_plot']
record_corr = conf['params_dict']['nest']['record_corr']
tau_max = conf['tau_max']
# Numbers of neurons from which to record spikes
n_rec = helper_functions.get_n_rec(conf)
sim.setup(**conf['simulator_params'][simulator])
if simulator == 'nest':
n_vp = sim.nest.GetKernelStatus('total_num_virtual_procs')
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'n_vp: ', n_vp
print 'master_seed: ', master_seed
sim.nest.SetKernelStatus({'print_time': False,
'dict_miss_is_error': False,
'grng_seed': master_seed,
'rng_seeds': range(master_seed + 1,
master_seed + n_vp + 1),
# PYTHON2.6: FOR WRITING OUTPUT FROM
# RECORDING DEVICES WITH PYNEST FUNCTIONS,
# THE OUTPUT PATH IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY THE
# CWD BUT HAS TO BE SET MANUALLY
'data_path': conf['system_params']['output_path']})
import network
# result of export-files
results = []
# create network
start_netw = time.time()
n = network.Network(sim)
# PYTHON2.6: device_list CONTAINS THE GIDs OF THE SPIKE DETECTORS AND VOLTMETERS
# NEEDED FOR RETRIEVING FILENAMES LATER
device_list = n.setup(sim, conf)
end_netw = time.time()
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'Creating the network took ', end_netw - start_netw, ' s'
# simulate
if sim.rank() == 0:
print "Simulating..."
start_sim = time.time()
sim.run(conf['simulator_params'][simulator]['sim_duration'])
end_sim = time.time()
if sim.rank() == 0:
print 'Simulation took ', end_sim - start_sim, ' s'
# extract filename from device_list (spikedetector/voltmeter),
# gid of neuron and thread. merge outputs from all threads
# into a single file which is then added to the task output.
# PYTHON2.6: NEEDS TO BE ADAPTED IF NOT RECORDED VIA PYNEST
for dev in device_list:
label = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['label']
gid = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['global_id']
# use the file extension to distinguish between spike and voltage output
extension = sim.nest.GetStatus(dev)[0]['file_extension']
if extension == 'gdf': # spikes
data = np.empty((0, 2))
elif extension == 'dat': # voltages
data = np.empty((0, 3))
for thread in xrange(conf['simulator_params']['nest']['threads']):
filenames = glob.glob(conf['system_params']['output_path']
+ '%s-*%d-%d.%s' % (label, gid, thread, extension))
assert(len(filenames) == 1), 'Multiple input files found. Use a clean output directory.'
data = np.vstack([data, np.loadtxt(filenames[0])])
# delete original files
os.remove(filenames[0])
order = np.argsort(data[:, 1])
data = data[order]
outputfile_name = 'collected_%s-%d.%s' % (label, gid, extension)
outputfile = open(outputfile_name, 'w')
# the outputfile should have same format as output from NEST.
# i.e., [int, float] for spikes and [int, float, float] for voltages,
# hence we write it line by line and assign the corresponding filetype
if extension == 'gdf': # spikes
for line in data:
outputfile.write('%d\t%.3f\n' % (line[0], line[1]))
outputfile.close()
filetype = 'application/vnd.juelich.nest.spike_times'
elif extension == 'dat': # voltages
for line in data:
outputfile.write('%d\t%.3f\t%.3f\n' % (line[0], line[1], line[2]))
outputfile.close()
filetype = 'application/vnd.juelich.nest.analogue_signal'
res = (outputfile_name, filetype)
results.append(res)
# start_writing = time.time()
# PYTHON2.6: SPIKE AND VOLTAGE FILES ARE CURRENTLY WRITTEN WHEN A SPIKE
# DETECTOR OR A VOLTMETER IS CONNECTED WITH 'to_file': True
# for layer in layers:
# for pop in pops:
# # filename = conf['system_params']['output_path'] + '/spikes_' + layer + pop + '.dat'
# filename = conf['system_params']['output_path'] + 'spikes_' + layer + pop + '.dat'
# n.pops[layer][pop].printSpikes(filename, gather=False)
# # add filename and filepath into results
# subres = (filename, 'application/vnd.juelich.bundle.nest.data')
# results.append(subres)
# if record_v:
# for layer in layers:
# for pop in pops:
# filename = conf['system_params']['output_path'] + '/voltages_' + layer + pop + '.dat'
# n.pops[layer][pop].print_v(filename, gather=False)
if record_corr and simulator == 'nest':
start_corr = time.time()
if sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'local')[0]:
print 'getting count_covariance on rank ', sim.rank()
cov_all = sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'count_covariance')[0]
delta_tau = sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'delta_tau')[0]
cov = {}
for target_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = conf['structure'][target_layer][target_pop]
cov[target_index] = {}
for source_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = conf['structure'][source_layer][source_pop]
cov[target_index][source_index] = np.array(list(cov_all[target_index][source_index][::-1])
+ list(cov_all[source_index][target_index][1:]))
f = open(conf['system_params']['output_path'] + '/covariances.dat', 'w')
print >>f, 'tau_max: ', tau_max
print >>f, 'delta_tau: ', delta_tau
print >>f, 'simtime: ', conf['simulator_params'][simulator]['sim_duration'], '\n'
for target_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for target_pop in pops:
target_index = conf['structure'][target_layer][target_pop]
for source_layer in np.sort(layers.keys()):
for source_pop in pops:
source_index = conf['structure'][source_layer][source_pop]
print >>f, target_layer, target_pop, '-', source_layer, source_pop
print >>f, 'n_events_target: ', sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'n_events')[0][target_index]
print >>f, 'n_events_source: ', sim.nest.GetStatus(n.corr_detector, 'n_events')[0][source_index]
for i in xrange(len(cov[target_index][source_index])):
print >>f, cov[target_index][source_index][i]
print >>f, ''
f.close()
# add file covariances.dat into bundle
res_cov = ('covariances.dat',
'text/plain')
results.append(res_cov)
end_corr = time.time()
print "Writing covariances took ", end_corr - start_corr, " s"
# end_writing = time.time()
# print "Writing data took ", end_writing - start_writing, " s"
if plot_spiking_activity and sim.rank() == 0:
plotting.plot_raster_bars(raster_t_min, raster_t_max, n_rec,
frac_to_plot, n.pops,
conf['system_params']['output_path'],
plot_filename, conf)
res_plot = (plot_filename, 'image/png')
results.append(res_plot)
sim.end()
return results