def take_action(self, parsed_args): self.log.debug('[+] showing overview of CTU datasets') # TODO(dittrich): Getting really not DRY: Move this into class. pages = [] # Expand scenario names if abbreviated scenarios = [CTU_Dataset.get_fullname(name=s) for s in parsed_args.scenario] if 'ctu_metadata' not in dir(self): self.ctu_metadata = CTU_Dataset( cache_file=parsed_args.cache_file, ignore_cache=parsed_args.ignore_cache, debug=self.app_args.debug) self.ctu_metadata.load_ctu_metadata() if len(scenarios) == 0: print("{}".format(CTU_Dataset.get_disclaimer())) pages.append(CTU_Dataset.get_ctu_datasets_overview_url()) else: for scenario in scenarios: page = self.ctu_metadata.get_scenario_data(scenario, 'Capture_URL') if page is not None: pages.append(page) for page in pages: open_browser(page=page, browser=parsed_args.browser, force=parsed_args.force)
class CTUShow(ShowOne): """Show scenario details.""" log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def get_parser(self, prog_name): parser = super().get_parser(prog_name) parser.formatter_class = argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter cache_file = CTU_Dataset.get_cache_file() parser.add_argument( '--cache-file', action='store', dest='cache_file', default=cache_file, help=('Cache file path for CTU metadata ' '(Env: ``LIM_CTU_CACHE``; ' f'default: ``{cache_file}``)') ) parser.add_argument( '--ignore-cache', action='store_true', dest='ignore_cache', default=False, help="Ignore any cached results (default: ``False``)" ) parser.add_argument( 'scenario', nargs='?', type=normalize_ctu_name, default=None) parser.epilog = textwrap.dedent("""\ Shows details about an individual scenario in tabular form. See ``lim ctu list --help`` for more on the ``scenario`` argument. :: $ lim ctu show iot-3-1 +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Infection_Date | 2018-05-19 | | Capture_Name | CTU-IoT-Malware-Capture-3-1 | | Malware | Muhstik | | MD5 | b8849fe97e39ae3afd6def618568bb09 | | SHA256 | 5ce13670bc875e913e6f087a4ac0a9e343347d5babb3b5c63e1d1b199371f69a | | Capture_URL | https://mcfp.felk.cvut.cz/publicDatasets/IoTDatasets/CTU-IoT-Malware-Capture-3-1 | | ZIP | fce7b8bbd1c1fba1d75b9dc1a60b25f49f68c9ec16b3656b52ed28290fc93c72.zip | | LABELED | None | | BINETFLOW | 2018-05-21_capture.binetflow | | PCAP | 2018-05-21_capture.pcap | | WEBLOGNG | 2018-05-21_capture.weblogng | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ """) # noqa return parser def take_action(self, parsed_args): self.log.debug('[+] showing scenario details') if 'ctu_metadata' not in dir(self): self.ctu_metadata = CTU_Dataset( cache_file=parsed_args.cache_file, ignore_cache=parsed_args.ignore_cache, debug=self.app_args.debug) self.ctu_metadata.load_ctu_metadata() fullname = self.ctu_metadata.get_fullname( name=parsed_args.scenario) if not self.ctu_metadata.is_valid_scenario(fullname): sys.exit(1) columns = self.ctu_metadata.get_extended_columns() data = self.ctu_metadata.get_extended_data(fullname) return columns, data
class Test_CTU_Dataset(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.ctu_dataset = CTU_Dataset(cache_file=TEST_CACHE) self.ctu_dataset.load_ctu_metadata() def tearDown(self): pass def test_cache_exists(self): self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(TEST_CACHE)) def test_get_file_last_mtime_exists(self): self.assertNotEqual( get_file_last_mtime(file_path=TEST_CACHE), 0) def test_get_file_last_mtime_notexists(self): self.assertEqual( get_file_last_mtime(file_path=TEST_EMPTY_CACHE), 0) def test_get_file_last_mtime_nopath(self): self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, get_file_last_mtime) def test_get_file_last_mtime_relative_path(self): self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, get_file_last_mtime, file_path='../../../etc/passwd') def test_get_file_last_mtime_clean_empty(self): os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(TEST_EMPTY_CACHE), exist_ok=True) f = open(TEST_EMPTY_CACHE, 'w') f.close() self.assertEqual( get_file_last_mtime(file_path=TEST_EMPTY_CACHE, clean=True), 0) self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, open, TEST_EMPTY_CACHE, 'r') def test_get_data_columns(self): columns = CTU_Dataset.get_data_columns() self.assertIs(type(columns), type(list())) self.assertTrue(len(columns) > 0) def test_get_index_columns(self): columns = CTU_Dataset.get_index_columns() self.assertIs(type(columns), type(list())) self.assertTrue(len(columns) > 0) def test_get_all_columns(self): columns = CTU_Dataset.get_all_columns() self.assertIs(type(columns), type(list())) self.assertTrue(len(columns) > 0) def test_get_disclaimer(self): disclaimer = CTU_Dataset.get_disclaimer() self.assertTrue("http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2014.05.011" in disclaimer) def test_get_scenarios(self): scenarios = self.ctu_dataset.get_scenarios() self.assertIs(type(scenarios), type(dict())) self.assertIn('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-48', scenarios) def test_get_scenario_names(self): scenario_names = self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_names() self.assertIs(type(scenario_names), type(list())) self.assertTrue(len(scenario_names) > 0) self.assertEqual(scenario_names[0], 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-90', msg=f'scenario_names[0]={scenario_names[0]:40}...') def test_is_valid_scenario_short_MATCH(self): self.assertFalse(self.ctu_dataset.is_valid_scenario('Botnet-48')) def test_is_valid_scenario_long_MATCH(self): self.assertTrue(self.ctu_dataset.is_valid_scenario('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-48')) def test_is_valid_scenario_FAIL(self): self.assertFalse(self.ctu_dataset.is_valid_scenario('CTU-Milware-Copture-Botnet-48')) def test_get_scenario_data_url_SUCCESS(self): self.assertEqual( self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_data('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-48', 'Capture_URL'), 'https://mcfp.felk.cvut.cz/publicDatasets/CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-48') def test_get_data_columns(self): items = [a for a in CTU_Dataset.__DATA_COLUMNS__] self.assertListEqual(items, self.ctu_dataset.get_data_columns()) def test_get_scenario_data_url_FAIL(self): try: _ = self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_data('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-48', 'Capture_ORL') except RuntimeError as err: self.assertIn('is not supported', str(err)) def test_get_scenario_data_pcap(self): url = self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_data('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-113-1', 'PCAP') self.assertEqual(url, 'https://mcfp.felk.cvut.cz/publicDatasets/CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-113-1/2015-03-12_capture-win6.pcap', msg=f'url={url}') def test_get_scenario_page_short(self): self.assertIn('DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC', self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_page('Malware-Botnet-42')) def test_get_scenario_page_full(self): self.assertIn('DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC', self.ctu_dataset.get_scenario_page('CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42')) def test_filename_from_url(self): filename = self.ctu_dataset.filename_from_url( 'https://mcfp.felk.cvut.cz/publicDatasets/CTU-Mixed-Capture-1/2015-07-28_mixed.pcap') self.assertEqual(filename, '2015-07-28_mixed.pcap', msg='filename={}'.format(filename)) def test_get_fullname_short_5parts(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-116-1') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-116-1') def test_get_fullname_short_4parts(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname('Malware-Capture-Botnet-116-1') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-116-1') def test_get_fullname_short_3parts1(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='Malware-Botnet-116-1') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-116-1') def test_get_fullname_short_3parts2(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='Malware-Capture-42') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42') def test_get_fullname_short_2parts1(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='Malware-42') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42') def test_get_fullname_short_2parts2(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='Capture-42') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42') def test_get_fullname_short_1part_number(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='42') self.assertEqual(fullname, 'CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42') def test_get_fullname_short_1part_name(self): self.assertRaises(SystemExit, self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname, name='IoT') def test_get_fullname_short_fail(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='Botnet-1') self.assertEqual(fullname, None) def test_get_fullname_typo(self): fullname = self.ctu_dataset.get_fullname(name='CTU_Malware_Capture-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(fullname, None) def test_get_shortname_match(self): shortname = self.ctu_dataset.get_shortname(name='CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(shortname, 'Malware-Botnet-42') def test_normalize_ctu_name_lower(self): self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('ctu-malware-botnet-42'), 'CTU-Malware-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('iot-malware-33-1'), 'IoT-Malware-33-1') def test_normalize_ctu_name_upper(self): self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('CTU-MALWARE-BOTNET-42'), 'CTU-Malware-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('IOT-MALWARE-33-1'), 'IoT-Malware-33-1') def test_normalize_ctu_name_mixed(self): self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('Ctu-Malware-Botnet-42'), 'CTU-Malware-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('Iot-Malware-33-1'), 'IoT-Malware-33-1') def test_normalize_ctu_name_random(self): self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('CTU-MALWARE-BOTNET-42'), 'CTU-Malware-Botnet-42') self.assertEqual(normalize_ctu_name('IoT-MaLwArE-33-1'), 'IoT-Malware-33-1')
class CTUGet(Command): """Get CTU dataset components.""" log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def get_parser(self, prog_name): parser = super().get_parser(prog_name) parser.formatter_class = argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter parser.add_argument( '--force', action='store_true', dest='force', default=False, help="Force over-writing files if they exist (default: ``False``)") parser.add_argument('--no-subdir', action='store_true', dest='no_subdir', default=False, help=('Do not maintain scenario name subdirectory ' '(default: ``False``)')) _default_protocols = ",".join(DEFAULT_PROTOCOLS) parser.add_argument('-P', '--protocols', metavar='<protocol-list>', dest='protocols', type=lambda s: [i for i in s.split(',')], default=_default_protocols, help=("Protocols to include, or 'any' " f'(default: ``{_default_protocols}``)')) parser.add_argument( '-L', '--maxlines', metavar='<lines>', dest='maxlines', default=None, help="Maximum number of lines to get (default: ``None``)") cache_file = CTU_Dataset.get_cache_file() parser.add_argument('--cache-file', action='store', dest='cache_file', default=cache_file, help=('Cache file path for CTU metadata ' '(Env: ``LIM_CTU_CACHE``; ' f'default: ``{cache_file}``)')) parser.add_argument( '--ignore-cache', action='store_true', dest='ignore_cache', default=False, help="Ignore any cached results (default: ``False``)") parser.add_argument('scenario', nargs=1, type=normalize_ctu_name, default=None) data_types = str(", ".join( [f'{i.lower()}' for i in CTU_Dataset.get_data_columns()])) parser.add_argument( 'data', nargs='+', type=str.lower, choices=[ c.lower() for c in CTU_Dataset.get_data_columns() + ['all'] ], default=None) parser.epilog = textwrap.dedent(f"""\ Get one or more data components from a scenario. These components are the raw PCAP file, Netflow file, and other analytic products from intrusion detection system processing, etc. See ``lim ctu list --help`` for more on the ``scenario`` argument. For the ``data`` argument, you can use ``all`` to recursively download all scenario data, or one or more of the data files by type: ``{data_types}`` By default, or when using the ``all`` attribute identifier, the file(s) are placed in a subdirectory with the full name of the scenario to better organize data across multiple scenarios. You can override this when getting specific files (i.e., not using ``all``) with the ``--no-subdir`` option. \n""") + CTU_Dataset.get_disclaimer() # noqa return parser def take_action(self, parsed_args): self.log.debug('[+] getting CTU data') if 'ctu_metadata' not in dir(self): self.ctu_metadata = CTU_Dataset( cache_file=parsed_args.cache_file, ignore_cache=parsed_args.ignore_cache, debug=self.app_args.debug) # TODO(dittrich): Work this back into init() method. self.ctu_metadata.load_ctu_metadata() scenario = self.ctu_metadata.get_fullname(name=parsed_args.scenario[0]) if not self.ctu_metadata.is_valid_scenario(scenario): raise RuntimeError(f"[-] scenario '{scenario}' does not exist") if parsed_args.no_subdir: data_dir = self.app_args.data_dir else: data_dir = os.path.join(self.app_args.data_dir, scenario) if 'all' in parsed_args.data: self.recursive_get_all(name=scenario, data_dir=data_dir) else: for attribute in parsed_args.data: self.log.debug(f'[+] downloading {attribute} data ' f"for scenario '{scenario}' to {data_dir}") self.ctu_metadata.fetch_scenario_content_byattribute( data_dir=data_dir, name=scenario, attribute=attribute) def recursive_get_all(self, name, data_dir=os.getcwd(), stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=False): """Use wget to recursively get all scenario data.""" # Ensure data directory exists os.makedirs(os.path.abspath(data_dir), exist_ok=True) cmd = ['wget', '-h'] result = "" try: result = subprocess.check_output( # nosec cmd, stderr=stderr, shell=shell).decode('UTF-8').splitlines() except Exception as err: message = f'[-] cannot run "wget": { err }' else: message = '[-] cannot run "wget"' if len(result) > 1 and result[0].find(' Wget ') < 0: raise RuntimeError(message) url = self.ctu_metadata.get_scenario_data(name=name, attribute='Capture_URL') url_path = urlparse(url).path.lstrip('/') cut_dirs = len(url_path.split('/')) cmd = [ 'wget', '--mirror', '-l3', '--no-parent', '--no-host-directories', f'--cut-dirs={cut_dirs}', '--reject=index.html?*', '-P', data_dir, '--no-check-certificate' ] if not url.endswith('/'): # Required by wget --no-parent to work right url = f"{url}/" cmd.append(url) """Use subprocess.check_ouput to run subcommand""" self.log.debug('[+] cmd: {" ".join(cmd)}') self.log.info('[+] recursively getting all data ' f"from {url} to '{data_dir}'") try: result = subprocess.check_output( # nosec cmd, cwd=data_dir, stderr=stderr, shell=shell).decode('UTF-8').splitlines() except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err: sys.stderr.write('\n'.join([line for line in result]) + '\n') sys.stderr.write(str(err.output) + '\n') sys.exit(err.returncode) pass
class CTUList(Lister): """List CTU dataset metadata.""" log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def get_parser(self, prog_name): parser = super().get_parser(prog_name) parser.formatter_class = argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter cache_file = CTU_Dataset.get_cache_file() parser.add_argument('--cache-file', action='store', dest='cache_file', default=cache_file, help=('Cache file path for CTU metadata ' '(Env: ``LIM_CTU_CACHE``; ' f'default: ``{cache_file}``)')) parser.add_argument( '--ignore-cache', action='store_true', dest='ignore_cache', default=False, help="Ignore any cached results (default: ``False``)") parser.add_argument('--date-starting', dest='date_starting', metavar='<YYYY-MM-DD>', default='1970-01-01', help=('List scenarios starting from this date ' "(default: '1970-01-01')")) TODAY_DATE = arrow.now().format('YYYY-MM-DD') parser.add_argument('--date-ending', dest='date_ending', metavar='<YYYY-MM-DD>', default=TODAY_DATE, help=('List scenarios up to this date ' f"(default: '{TODAY_DATE}')")) parser.add_argument('--fullnames', action='store_true', dest='fullnames', default=False, help=("Show full names")) parser.add_argument('-a', '--everything', action='store_true', dest='everything', default=False, help=("Show all metadata columns " "(default : False)")) parser.add_argument('--hash', dest='hash', metavar='<{md5_hash|sha256_hash}>', default=None, help=('Only list scenarios that involve a ' 'specific hash (default: ``None``)')) parser.add_argument( '--malware-includes', dest='malware_includes', metavar='<string>', default=None, help=('Only list scenarios including this string' "in the 'Malware' column (default: ``None``)")) parser.add_argument( '--name-includes', dest='name_includes', metavar='<string>', default=None, help=('Only list scenario including this string' "in the 'Capture_Name' column (default: ``None``)")) parser.add_argument('--description-includes', dest='description_includes', metavar='<string>', default=None, help=('Only list scenarios including this string' 'in the description (default: ``None``)')) parser.add_argument('scenario', nargs='*', type=normalize_ctu_name, default=None) all_columns = ", ".join( [f'{i.lower()}' for i in CTU_Dataset.get_all_columns()]) default_columns = ", ".join( [f"{i.lower()}" for i in CTU_Dataset.get_index_columns()]) parser.epilog = textwrap.dedent(f"""\ List scenarios (a.k.a., "captures") and related metadata. By default, all scenarios are listed. You can limit the output by filtering on several attributes (e.g., by ``Capture_Name`` field, by date range, contents of the malware name or web page description, etc.) You can also limit the number of items shown if necessary when the number of results is large. The ``scenario`` argument equates to the field ``Capture_Name`` in the index. This can be the scenario's full name (e.g., ``CTU-IoT-Malware-Capture-34-1``) or an abbreviated form of the name (e.g., ``IoT-34-1`` or just ``34-1``). :: $ lim ctu list IoT-34-1 Botnet-42 +----------------+-------------------------------+---------+ | Infection_Date | Capture_Name | Malware | +----------------+-------------------------------+---------+ | 2011-08-10 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-42 | Neeris | | 2018-12-21 | CTU-IoT-Malware-Capture-34-1 | Mirai | +----------------+-------------------------------+---------+ A larger number of attributes are available. You can get all of them using the ``-a`` (``--everything``) flag. The subset of columns shown by default is: ``{default_columns}`` Valid column labels for options ``-c``, ``--column``, ``--sort-column``, or to be shown with ``-a``, include: ``{all_columns}`` Using ``lim ctu list -a`` produces very wide output. Even if many fields are ``None`` and ``--fit-width`` is included, it is still unwieldy for just one scenario as you can see here. Consider using ``lim ctu show`` instead. :: $ lim ctu list --name-includes IoT --malware-includes muhstik --fit-width -a +----------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Infection_Date | Capture_Name | Malware | MD5 | SHA256 | Capture_URL | ZIP | LABELED | BINETFLOW | PCAP | WEBLOGNG | +----------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+ | 2018-05-19 | CTU-IoT-Malware- | Muhstik | b8849fe97e39ae3afd6def | 5ce13670bc875e913e6f08 | https://mcfp.felk.cvut | fce7b8bbd1c1fba1d75b9d | None | 2018-05-21_capture.bin | 2018-05-21_capture.pca | 2018-05-21_capture.weblogng | | | Capture-3-1 | | 618568bb09 | 7a4ac0a9e343347d5babb3 | .cz/publicDatasets/IoT | c1a60b25f49f68c9ec16b3 | | etflow | p | | | | | | | b5c63e1d1b199371f69a | Datasets/CTU-IoT- | 656b52ed28290fc93c72.z | | | | | | | | | | | Malware-Capture-3-1 | ip | | | | | +----------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+------------------------+---------+------------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+ There are also a number of filters that can be applied, including MD5 and SHA256 hash, substrings in the ``Capture_Name`` or ``Malware`` fields, start and end dates, or description of the scenario in its web page. The ``--hash`` option makes an exact match on any of the stored hash values. This is the hash of the executable binary referenced in the ``ZIP`` column. This example uses the most frequently occuring MD5 hash as seen in ``lim ctu stats --help``:: $ lim ctu list --hash e515267ba19417974a63b51e4f7dd9e9 +----------------+----------------------------------+---------+ | Infection_Date | Capture_Name | Malware | +----------------+----------------------------------+---------+ | 2015-03-04 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-1 | HTBot | | 2015-03-04 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-2 | HTBot | | 2015-03-09 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-3 | HTBot | | 2015-03-09 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-111-2 | HTBot | | 2015-04-09 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-4 | HTBot | | 2015-04-09 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-111-3 | HTBot | | 2015-04-22 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-5 | HTBot | | 2015-04-22 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-111-4 | HTBot | | 2015-04-23 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-110-6 | HTBot | | 2015-06-09 | CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-111-5 | HTBot | +----------------+----------------------------------+---------+ The ``--malware-includes`` option is rather simplistic, matching any occurance of the substring (case insensitive) in the ``Malware`` field. The same applies for the ``--name-includes`` option with respect to the ``Capture_Name`` field. For more accurate matching, you may want to use something like the ``-f csv`` option and match on regular expressions using one of the ``grep`` variants. Or add regular expression handling and submit a pull request! ;) \n""") + CTU_Dataset.get_disclaimer() # noqa return parser # FYI, https://mcfp.felk.cvut.cz/publicDatasets/CTU-Malware-Capture-Botnet-269-1/README.html # noqa # is an Emotet sample... # TODO(dittrich): Figure out how to handle these def take_action(self, parsed_args): self.log.debug('[+] listing CTU data') if 'ctu_metadata' not in dir(self): self.ctu_metadata = CTU_Dataset( cache_file=parsed_args.cache_file, ignore_cache=parsed_args.ignore_cache, debug=self.app_args.debug) self.ctu_metadata.load_ctu_metadata() # Expand capture names if abbreviated scenarios = [] for scenario in parsed_args.scenario: full_name = self.ctu_metadata.get_fullname(name=scenario) if full_name is None: sys.exit(f"[-] '{scenario}' does not match any scenario names") scenarios.append(full_name) columns = (self.ctu_metadata.get_index_columns() if not parsed_args.everything else self.ctu_metadata.get_all_columns()) results = self.ctu_metadata.get_metadata( columns=columns, malware_includes=parsed_args.malware_includes, name_includes=parsed_args.name_includes, fullnames=parsed_args.fullnames, description_includes=parsed_args.description_includes, date_starting=parsed_args.date_starting, date_ending=parsed_args.date_ending, has_hash=parsed_args.hash) data = [] if len(scenarios) > 0: for row in results: if row[1] in scenarios: data.append(row) else: if self.app_args.limit > 0: data = results[0:min(self.app_args.limit, len(results))] else: data = results if not len(data): sys.exit(1) return columns, data