Example #1
0
def poisoned_pixel_CDP(norm_bound, noise_scale, nb_attackers, seed=1):
    start_time = time.time()

    # define paths
    path_project = os.path.abspath('..')
    logger = SummaryWriter('../logs')

    args = args_parser()
    exp_details(args)

    # set seed
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    # device
    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    # load dataset and user groups
    train_dataset, test_dataset, user_groups = get_dataset(args)

    # BUILD MODEL
    if args.model == 'cnn':
        # Convolutional neural netork
        if args.dataset == 'mnist':
            global_model = CNNMnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'fmnist':
            global_model = CNNFashion_Mnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cifar':
            global_model = CNNCifar(args=args)

    elif args.model == 'mlp':
        # Multi-layer preceptron
        img_size = train_dataset[0][0].shape
        len_in = 1
        for x in img_size:
            len_in *= x
            global_model = MLP(dim_in=len_in,
                               dim_hidden=64,
                               dim_out=args.num_classes)
    else:
        exit('Error: unrecognized model')

    # Set the model to train and send it to device.
    global_model.to(device)
    global_model.train()
    print(global_model)

    # copy weights
    global_weights = global_model.state_dict()

    # load poisoned model
    backdoor_model = copy.deepcopy(global_model)
    backdoor_model.load_state_dict(torch.load('../save/poison_model.pth'))

    # testing accuracy for global model
    testing_accuracy = [0.1]
    backdoor_accuracy = [0.1]

    for epoch in tqdm(range(args.epochs)):
        local_del_w, local_norms = [], []
        print(f'\n | Global Training Round : {epoch + 1} |\n')

        global_model.train()
        m = max(int(args.frac * args.num_users), 1)
        idxs_users = np.random.choice(range(args.num_users), m, replace=False)

        # Adversary updates
        print("Evil")
        for idx in idxs_users[0:nb_attackers]:

            # backdoor model
            w = copy.deepcopy(backdoor_model)

            # compute change in parameters and norm
            zeta = 0
            for del_w, w_old in zip(w.parameters(), global_model.parameters()):
                del_w.data = del_w.data - copy.deepcopy(w_old.data)
                zeta += del_w.norm(2).item()**2
            zeta = zeta**(1. / 2)
            del_w = w.state_dict()

            print("EVIL")
            print(zeta)

            # add to global round
            local_del_w.append(copy.deepcopy(del_w))
            local_norms.append(copy.deepcopy(zeta))

        # Non-adversarial updates
        for idx in idxs_users[nb_attackers:]:
            local_model = LocalUpdate(args=args,
                                      dataset=train_dataset,
                                      idxs=user_groups[idx],
                                      logger=logger)
            del_w, zeta = local_model.update_weights(
                model=copy.deepcopy(global_model), change=1)
            local_del_w.append(copy.deepcopy(del_w))
            local_norms.append(copy.deepcopy(zeta))
            print("good")
            #print(zeta)

        # norm bound (e.g. median of norms)
        clip_factor = norm_bound  #min(norm_bound, np.median(local_norms))
        print(clip_factor)

        # clip updates
        for i in range(len(idxs_users)):
            for param in local_del_w[i].values():
                print(max(1, local_norms[i] / clip_factor))
                param /= max(1, local_norms[i] / clip_factor)

        # average local model updates
        average_del_w = average_weights(local_del_w)

        # Update model and add noise
        # w_{t+1} = w_{t} + avg(del_w1 + del_w2 + ... + del_wc) + Noise
        for param, param_del_w in zip(global_weights.values(),
                                      average_del_w.values()):
            param += param_del_w
            param += torch.randn(
                param.size()) * noise_scale * norm_bound / len(idxs_users)
        global_model.load_state_dict(global_weights)

        # test accuracy
        test_acc, test_loss, backdoor = test_backdoor_pixel(
            args, global_model, test_dataset)
        testing_accuracy.append(test_acc)
        backdoor_accuracy.append(backdoor)

        print("Testing & Backdoor accuracies")
        print(testing_accuracy)
        print(backdoor_accuracy)

    # save test accuracy
    np.savetxt(
        '../save/PixelAttack/TestAcc/iid_GDP_{}_{}_clip{}_scale{}_attackers{}_seed{}.txt'
        .format(args.dataset, args.model, norm_bound, noise_scale,
                nb_attackers, s), testing_accuracy)

    np.savetxt(
        '../save/PixelAttack/BackdoorAcc/iid_GDP_{}_{}_clip{}_scale{}_attackers{}_seed{}.txt'
        .format(args.dataset, args.model, norm_bound, noise_scale,
                nb_attackers, s), backdoor_accuracy)
Example #2
0
            len_in *= x
            global_model = MLP(dim_in=len_in,
                               dim_hidden=64,
                               dim_out=args.num_classes)
    else:
        exit('Error: unrecognized model')

    # Set the model to train and send it to device.
    global_model.to(device)
    global_model.train()
    print(global_model)

    # Training
    # Set optimizer and criterion
    if args.optimizer == 'sgd':
        optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(global_model.parameters(),
                                    lr=args.lr,
                                    momentum=0.5)
    elif args.optimizer == 'adam':
        optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(global_model.parameters(),
                                     lr=args.lr,
                                     weight_decay=1e-4)

    trainloader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
    criterion = torch.nn.NLLLoss().to(device)
    epoch_loss = []

    for epoch in tqdm(range(args.epochs)):
        batch_loss = []

        for batch_idx, (images, labels) in enumerate(trainloader):
Example #3
0
def main():

    model_path = 'results/%s/%s/%s/seed_%d' % (args.dataset, args.method, args.net_type, args.seed)
    if not os.path.isdir(model_path):
        mkdir_p(model_path)
    # load datasets
    train_dataset, test_dataset, _ = get_dataset(args)

    # BUILD MODEL
    if args.model == 'cnn':
        # Convolutional neural netork
        if args.dataset == 'mnist':
            global_model = CNNMnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'fmnist':
            global_model = CNNFashion_Mnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cifar10':
            global_model = CNNCifar(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cub200':
            if args.net_type == 'resnet':
                #global_model = models.resnet50(pretrained=True)
                global_model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
                global_model.fc = torch.nn.Linear(global_model.fc.in_features, cf.num_classes[args.dataset])
    elif args.model == 'mlp':
        # Multi-layer preceptron
        #img_size is torch.Size([1, 28, 28])
        img_size = train_dataset[0][0].shape
        len_in = 1
    #toclarify: why do we have to call the MLP code 3 times?
    #TODO: try to move global_model out of the bracket  
        for x in img_size:
            len_in *= x
            global_model = MLP(dim_in=len_in, dim_hidden=64,
                               dim_out=args.num_classes)
    else:
        exit('Error: unrecognized model')

    # Set the model to train and send it to device.
    global_model.to(device)
    global_model.train()
    print(global_model)
    wandb.watch(global_model)

    # Training
    # Set optimizer and criterion
    if args.optimizer == 'sgd':
        optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(global_model.parameters(), lr=args.lr,
                                    momentum=cf.momentum[args.dataset], weight_decay=5e-4)
    elif args.optimizer == 'adam':
        optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(global_model.parameters(), lr=args.lr,
                                     weight_decay=1e-4)
#batch_size = 
    trainloader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=int(args.local_bs * (args.num_users * args.frac)), shuffle=True, num_workers=args.workers,
                             pin_memory=use_cuda, drop_last=True)

    criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)

    epoch_loss = []
    test_acc_lst = []
    best_acc = 0
    args.lr = cf.lr[args.dataset]

    for epoch in tqdm(range(args.epochs)):
        global_model.train()
        batch_loss = []

        # adjest learning rate per global round
        if epoch != 0:
            adjust_learning_rate([optimizer], args, epoch)

        for batch_idx, (images, labels) in enumerate(trainloader):
            images, labels = images.to(device), labels.to(device)

            optimizer.zero_grad()
            outputs = global_model(images)
            loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()

            #if batch_idx % 50 == 0:
            print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}\tLr: {:.4f}'.format(
                    epoch+1, (batch_idx+1) * len(images), len(trainloader.dataset),
                    100. * (batch_idx+1) / len(trainloader), loss.item(), args.lr))
            batch_loss.append(loss.item())

            wandb.log({'Train Loss': loss.item()})

        loss_avg = sum(batch_loss)/len(batch_loss)
        print('\nTrain loss: \n', loss_avg)
        epoch_loss.append(loss_avg)

        test_acc, test_loss = test_inference(args, global_model, test_dataset)
        test_acc_lst.append(test_acc)


        #save model
        if test_acc > best_acc:
            best_acc = test_acc
            save_checkpoint({
                'epoch': epoch + 1,
                'state_dict': global_model.state_dict(),
                'acc': test_acc,
                'best_acc': best_acc,
                'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
            }, dir=model_path, filename='checkpoint.pth.tar')

        print('\nTrain Epoch: {}, Test acc: {:.2f}%, Best Test acc: {:.2f}%'.format(epoch + 1, test_acc, best_acc))

        # log training loss, test accuracy at wandb
        wandb.log({'Test Acc': test_acc,
                   'Best Acc': best_acc})

        # if model achieves target test acc, stop training
        if best_acc >= args.target_acc:
            print('Total Global round: ', epoch+1)
            break

    if not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(model_path, 'save')):
        mkdir_p(os.path.join(model_path, 'save'))
    # Plot loss
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(range(len(epoch_loss)), epoch_loss)
    plt.xlabel('epochs')
    plt.ylabel('Train loss')
    plt.savefig(os.path.join(model_path, 'save/nn_{}_{}_{}_loss.png'.format(args.dataset, args.model,
                                                 args.epochs)))

    # Plot test acc per epoch
    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(range(len(test_acc_lst)), test_acc_lst)
    plt.xlabel('epochs')
    plt.ylabel('Test accuracy')
    plt.savefig(os.path.join(model_path, 'save/nn_{}_{}_{}_acc.png'.format(args.dataset, args.model,
                                                                            args.epochs)))
    # testing
    #test_acc, test_loss = test_inference(args, global_model, test_dataset)
    print('Test on', len(test_dataset), 'samples')
    print("Best Test Accuracy: {:.2f}%".format(best_acc))
Example #4
0
def main_test(args):
    start_time = time.time()
    now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S')
    # define paths

    logger = SummaryWriter('../logs')

    # easydict 사용하는 경우 주석처리
    # args = args_parser()

    # checkpoint 생성위치
    args.save_path = os.path.join(args.save_path, args.exp_folder)
    if not os.path.exists(args.save_path):
        os.makedirs(args.save_path)
    save_path_tmp = os.path.join(args.save_path, 'tmp_{}'.format(now))
    if not os.path.exists(save_path_tmp):
        os.makedirs(save_path_tmp)
    SAVE_PATH = os.path.join(args.save_path, '{}_{}_T[{}]_C[{}]_iid[{}]_E[{}]_B[{}]'.
                             format(args.dataset, args.model, args.epochs, args.frac, args.iid,
                                    args.local_ep, args.local_bs))

    # 시드 고정
    torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = False
    torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True
    torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(args.seed)
    random.seed(args.seed)
    np.random.seed(args.seed)



#    torch.cuda.set_device(0)
    device = torch.device("cuda:{}".format(args.gpu) if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
    cpu_device = torch.device('cpu')
    # log 파일 생성
    log_path = os.path.join('../logs', args.exp_folder)
    if not os.path.exists(log_path):
        os.makedirs(log_path)

    loggertxt = get_logger(
        os.path.join(log_path, '{}_{}_{}_{}.log'.format(args.model, args.optimizer, args.norm, now)))
    logging.info(args)
    # csv
    csv_save = '../csv/' + now
    csv_path = os.path.join(csv_save, 'accuracy.csv')
    csv_logger_keys = ['train_loss', 'accuracy']
    csvlogger = CSVLogger(csv_path, csv_logger_keys)

    # load dataset and user groups
    train_dataset, test_dataset, client_loader_dict = get_dataset(args)

    # cifar-100의 경우 자동 설정
    if args.dataset == 'cifar100':
        args.num_classes = 100
    # BUILD MODEL
    if args.model == 'cnn':
        # Convolutional neural network
        if args.dataset == 'mnist':
            global_model = CNNMnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'fmnist':
            global_model = CNNFashion_Mnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cifar':
            global_model = CNNCifar(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cifar100':
            global_model = CNNCifar(args=args)

    elif args.model == 'mlp':
        # Multi-layer preceptron
        img_size = train_dataset[0][0].shape
        len_in = 1
        for x in img_size:
            len_in *= x
            global_model = MLP(dim_in=len_in, dim_hidden=64,
                               dim_out=args.num_classes)
    elif args.model == 'cnn_vc':
        global_model = CNNCifar_fedVC(args=args)
    elif args.model == 'cnn_vcbn':
        global_model = CNNCifar_VCBN(args=args)
    elif args.model == 'cnn_vcgn':
        global_model = CNNCifar_VCGN(args=args)
    elif args.model == 'resnet18_ws':
        global_model = resnet18(num_classes=args.num_classes, weight_stand=1)
    elif args.model == 'resnet18':
        global_model = resnet18(num_classes=args.num_classes, weight_stand=0)
    elif args.model == 'resnet32':
        global_model = ResNet32_test(num_classes=args.num_classes)
    elif args.model == 'resnet18_mabn':
        global_model = resnet18_mabn(num_classes=args.num_classes)
    elif args.model == 'vgg':
        global_model = vgg11()
    elif args.model == 'cnn_ws':
        global_model = CNNCifar_WS(args=args)


    else:
        exit('Error: unrecognized model')

    # Set the model to train and send it to device.
    loggertxt.info(global_model)
    # fedBN처럼 gn no communication 용
    client_models = [copy.deepcopy(global_model) for idx in range(args.num_users)]

    # copy weights
    global_weights = global_model.state_dict()

    global_model.to(device)
    global_model.train()

    # Training
    train_loss, train_accuracy = [], []
    val_acc_list, net_list = [], []


    # how does help BN 확인용
    client_loss = [[] for i in range(args.num_users)]
    client_conv_grad = [[] for i in range(args.num_users)]
    client_fc_grad = [[] for i in range(args.num_users)]
    client_total_grad_norm = [[] for i in range(args.num_users)]
    # 전체 loss 추적용 -how does help BN

    # 재시작
    if args.resume:
        checkpoint = torch.load(SAVE_PATH)
        global_model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['global_model'])
        if args.hold_normalize:
            for client_idx in range(args.num_users):
                client_models[client_idx].load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_{}'.format(client_idx)])
        else:
            for client_idx in range(args.num_users):
                client_models[client_idx].load_state_dict(checkpoint['global_model'])
        resume_iter = int(checkpoint['a_iter']) + 1
        print('Resume trainig form epoch {}'.format(resume_iter))
    else:
        resume_iter = 0


    # learning rate scheduler
    #scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer=optimizer, gamma=0.1,step_size=500)

    # start training
    for epoch in tqdm(range(args.epochs)):
        local_weights, local_losses = [], []
        if args.verbose:
            print(f'\n | Global Training Round : {epoch + 1} |\n')

        global_model.train()
        m = max(int(args.frac * args.num_users), 1)
        idxs_users = np.random.choice(range(args.num_users), m, replace=False)


        for idx in idxs_users:
            """
            for key in global_model.state_dict().keys():
                if args.hold_normalize:
                    if 'bn' not in key:
                        client_models[idx].state_dict()[key].data.copy_(global_model.state_dict()[key])
                else:
                    client_models[idx].state_dict()[key].data.copy_(global_model.state_dict()[key])
            """
            torch.cuda.empty_cache()


            local_model = LocalUpdate(args=args, logger=logger, train_loader=client_loader_dict[idx], device=device)
            w, loss, batch_loss, conv_grad, fc_grad, total_gard_norm = local_model.update_weights(
                model=copy.deepcopy(global_model), global_round=epoch, idx_user=idx)
            local_weights.append(copy.deepcopy(w))
            # client의 1 epoch에서의 평균 loss값  ex)0.35(즉, batch loss들의 평균)
            local_losses.append(copy.deepcopy(loss))

            # 전체 round scheduler
          #  scheduler.step()
            # loss graph용 -> client당 loss값 진행 저장 -> 모두 client별로 저장.
            client_loss[idx].append(batch_loss)
            client_conv_grad[idx].append(conv_grad)
            client_fc_grad[idx].append(fc_grad)
            client_total_grad_norm[idx].append(total_gard_norm)

            # print(total_gard_norm)
            # gn, bn 복사
            # client_models[idx].load_state_dict(w)
            del local_model
            del w
        # update global weights
        global_weights = average_weights(local_weights, client_loader_dict, idxs_users)
        # update global weights
#        opt = OptRepo.name2cls('adam')(global_model.parameters(), lr=0.01, betas=(0.9, 0.99), eps=1e-3)
        opt = OptRepo.name2cls('sgd')(global_model.parameters(), lr=10, momentum=0.9)
        opt.zero_grad()
        opt_state = opt.state_dict()
        global_weights = aggregation(global_weights, global_model)
        global_model.load_state_dict(global_weights)
        opt = OptRepo.name2cls('sgd')(global_model.parameters(), lr=10, momentum=0.9)
#        opt = OptRepo.name2cls('adam')(global_model.parameters(), lr=0.01, betas=(0.9, 0.99), eps=1e-3)
        opt.load_state_dict(opt_state)
        opt.step()
        loss_avg = sum(local_losses) / len(local_losses)
        train_loss.append(loss_avg)

        global_model.eval()
        #        for c in range(args.num_users):
        #            local_model = LocalUpdate(args=args, dataset=train_dataset,
        #                                      idxs=user_groups[idx], logger=logger)
        #            acc, loss = local_model.inference(model=global_model)
        #            list_acc.append(acc)
        #            list_loss.append(loss)
        #        train_accuracy.append(sum(list_acc)/len(list_acc))
        train_accuracy = test_inference(args, global_model, test_dataset, device=device)
        val_acc_list.append(train_accuracy)
        # print global training loss after every 'i' rounds
        # if (epoch+1) % print_every == 0:
        loggertxt.info(f' \nAvg Training Stats after {epoch + 1} global rounds:')
        loggertxt.info(f'Training Loss : {loss_avg}')
        loggertxt.info('Train Accuracy: {:.2f}% \n'.format(100 * train_accuracy))
        csvlogger.write_row([loss_avg, 100 * train_accuracy])
        if (epoch + 1) % 100 == 0:
            tmp_save_path = os.path.join(save_path_tmp, 'tmp_{}.pt'.format(epoch+1))
            torch.save(global_model.state_dict(),tmp_save_path)
    # Test inference after completion of training
    test_acc = test_inference(args, global_model, test_dataset, device=device)

    print(' Saving checkpoints to {}...'.format(SAVE_PATH))
    if args.hold_normalize:
        client_dict = {}
        for idx, model in enumerate(client_models):
            client_dict['model_{}'.format(idx)] = model.state_dict()
        torch.save(client_dict, SAVE_PATH)
    else:
        torch.save({'global_model': global_model.state_dict()}, SAVE_PATH)

    loggertxt.info(f' \n Results after {args.epochs} global rounds of training:')
    # loggertxt.info("|---- Avg Train Accuracy: {:.2f}%".format(100*train_accuracy[-1]))
    loggertxt.info("|---- Test Accuracy: {:.2f}%".format(100 * test_acc))


    # frac이 1이 아닐경우 잘 작동하지않음.
    # batch_loss_list = np.array(client_loss).sum(axis=0) / args.num_users

    # conv_grad_list = np.array(client_conv_grad).sum(axis=0) / args.num_users
    # fc_grad_list = np.array(client_fc_grad).sum(axis=0) / args.num_users
    # total_grad_list = np.array(client_total_grad_norm).sum(axis=0) /args.num_users
    # client의 avg를 구하고 싶었으나 현재는 client 0만 확인
    # client마다 batch가 다를 경우 bug 예상
    return train_loss, val_acc_list, client_loss[0], client_conv_grad[0], client_fc_grad[0], client_total_grad_norm[0]
def poisoned_NoDefense(nb_attackers, seed=1):

    # define paths
    path_project = os.path.abspath('..')
    logger = SummaryWriter('../logs')

    args = args_parser()
    exp_details(args)

    # set seed
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    # device
    device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    # load dataset and user groups
    train_dataset, test_dataset, user_groups = get_dataset(args)


    # BUILD MODEL
    if args.model == 'cnn':
        # Convolutional neural netork
        if args.dataset == 'mnist':
            global_model = CNNMnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'fmnist':
            global_model = CNNFashion_Mnist(args=args)
        elif args.dataset == 'cifar':
            global_model = CNNCifar(args=args)

    elif args.model == 'mlp':
        # Multi-layer preceptron
        img_size = train_dataset[0][0].shape
        len_in = 1
        for x in img_size:
            len_in *= x
            global_model = MLP(dim_in=len_in, dim_hidden=64,
                               dim_out=args.num_classes)
    else:
        exit('Error: unrecognized model')

    # Set the model to train and send it to device.
    global_model.to(device)
    global_model.train()
    print(global_model)

    # copy weights
    global_weights = global_model.state_dict()

    # backdoor model
    dummy_model = copy.deepcopy(global_model)
    dummy_model.load_state_dict(torch.load('../save/all_5_model.pth'))
    dummy_norm = 0
    for x in dummy_model.state_dict().values():
        dummy_norm += x.norm(2).item() ** 2
    dummy_norm = dummy_norm ** (1. / 2)

    # testing accuracy for global model
    testing_accuracy = [0.1]

    for epoch in tqdm(range(args.epochs)):
        local_del_w = []
        print(f'\n | Global Training Round : {epoch+1} |\n')

        global_model.train()
        m = max(int(args.frac * args.num_users), 1)
        idxs_users = np.random.choice(range(args.num_users), m, replace=False)

        # Adversary updates
        for idx in idxs_users[0:nb_attackers]:
            print("evil")
            local_model = LocalUpdate(args=args, dataset=train_dataset, idxs=user_groups[idx], logger=logger)
            #del_w, _ = local_model.poisoned_SGA(model=copy.deepcopy(global_model), change=1)

            w = copy.deepcopy(dummy_model)
            # compute change in parameters and norm
            zeta = 0
            for del_w, w_old in zip(w.parameters(), global_model.parameters()):
                del_w.data -= copy.deepcopy(w_old.data)
                del_w.data *= m / nb_attackers
                del_w.data += copy.deepcopy(w_old.data)
                zeta += del_w.norm(2).item() ** 2
            zeta = zeta ** (1. / 2)
            del_w = copy.deepcopy(w.state_dict())
            local_del_w.append(copy.deepcopy(del_w))


        # Non-adversarial updates
        for idx in idxs_users[nb_attackers:]:
            print("good")
            local_model = LocalUpdate(args=args, dataset=train_dataset, idxs=user_groups[idx], logger=logger)
            del_w, _ = local_model.update_weights(model=copy.deepcopy(global_model), change=1)
            local_del_w.append(copy.deepcopy(del_w))

        # average local updates
        average_del_w = average_weights(local_del_w)

        # Update global model: w_{t+1} = w_{t} + average_del_w
        for param, param_del_w in zip(global_weights.values(), average_del_w.values()):
            param += param_del_w
        global_model.load_state_dict(global_weights)

        # test accuracy
        test_acc, test_loss = test_inference(args, global_model, test_dataset)
        testing_accuracy.append(test_acc)

        print("Test accuracy")
        print(testing_accuracy)

    # save test accuracy
    np.savetxt('../save/RandomAttack/NoDefense_iid_{}_{}_attackers{}_seed{}.txt'.
                 format(args.dataset, args.model, nb_attackers, s), testing_accuracy)