def trafo3w_net():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 220)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 30)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 10)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b1,
s_sc_max_mva=100.,
s_sc_min_mva=40.,
rx_min=0.1,
rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_load(net, b2, 10000, 2000)
pp.create_load(net, b3, 10000, 4000)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b3,
vn_hv_kv=222,
vn_mv_kv=33,
vn_lv_kv=11.,
sn_hv_kva=50000,
sn_mv_kva=30000,
sn_lv_kva=20000,
vsc_hv_percent=11,
vscr_hv_percent=1.,
vsc_mv_percent=11,
vscr_mv_percent=1.,
vsc_lv_percent=11.,
vscr_lv_percent=1.,
pfe_kw=10,
i0_percent=0.2)
return net
def add_test_trafo3w(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_trafo3w")
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.6, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_kw=200, q_kvar=0)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, b4, p_kw=100, q_kvar=0)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, hv_bus=b2, mv_bus=b3, lv_bus=b4, vn_hv_kv=22,
vn_mv_kv=.64, vn_lv_kv=.42, sn_hv_kva=1000,
sn_mv_kva=700, sn_lv_kva=300, vsc_hv_percent=1.,
vscr_hv_percent=.03, vsc_mv_percent=.5,
vscr_mv_percent=.02, vsc_lv_percent=.25,
vscr_lv_percent=.01, pfe_kw=.5, i0_percent=0.1,
name="test", index=pp.get_free_id(net.trafo3w) + 1,
tp_side="hv", tp_pos=2, tp_st_percent=1.25,
tp_min=-5, tp_mid=0, tp_max=5)
# adding out of service 3w trafo should not change results
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, hv_bus=b2, mv_bus=b3, lv_bus=b4, vn_hv_kv=20,
vn_mv_kv=.6, vn_lv_kv=.4, sn_hv_kva=1000, sn_mv_kva=700,
sn_lv_kva=300, vsc_hv_percent=2., vscr_hv_percent=.3,
vsc_mv_percent=1., vscr_mv_percent=.2,
vsc_lv_percent=.5, vscr_lv_percent=.1, pfe_kw=50.,
i0_percent=1., name="test", in_service=False,
index=pp.get_free_id(net.trafo3w) + 1)
net.last_added_case = "test_trafo3w"
return net
def test_drop_inactive_elements():
for service in (False, True):
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_sl = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus_sl, in_service=service)
bus0 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
pp.create_switch(net, bus_sl, bus0, 'b', not service)
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus0, bus1, in_service=service,
std_type='63 MVA 110/20 kV')
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
pp.create_line(net, bus1, bus2, length_km=1, in_service=service,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0')
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=0., in_service=service)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus2, p_mw=0., in_service=service)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=service)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, bus2, bus3, bus4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 100, 50, 50,
3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1)
# drop them
tb.drop_inactive_elements(net)
sum_of_elements = 0
for element, table in net.items():
# skip this one since we expect items here
if element.startswith("_") or not isinstance(table, pd.DataFrame):
continue
try:
if service and (element == 'ext_grid' or (element == 'bus' and len(net.bus) == 1)):
# if service==True, the 1 ext_grid and its bus are not dropped
continue
if len(table) > 0:
sum_of_elements += len(table)
print(element)
except TypeError:
# _ppc is initialized with None and clashes when checking
continue
assert sum_of_elements == 0
if service:
assert len(net.ext_grid) == 1
assert len(net.bus) == 1
assert bus_sl in net.bus.index.values
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus0 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=True)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus0, in_service=True)
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=.4, in_service=False)
pp.create_line(net, bus0, bus1, length_km=1, in_service=False,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0')
gen0 = pp.create_gen(net, bus=bus1, p_mw=0.001)
tb.drop_inactive_elements(net)
assert gen0 not in net.gen.index
def test_transformer3w_phase_shift():
test_ref = ((0.9995, -31.003), (0.9996, -60.764))
test_tap_pos = {
'hv': ((0.9615, -31.466), (0.9617, -61.209)),
'mv': ((1.0389, -30.620), (0.9996, -60.764)),
'lv': ((0.9995, -31.003), (1.039, -60.381))
}
test_tap_neg = {
'hv': ((1.0405, -30.511), (1.0406, -60.291)),
'mv': ((0.9602, -31.417), (0.9996, -60.764)),
'lv': ((0.9995, -31.003), (0.9603, -61.178))
}
for side in ["hv", "mv", "lv"]:
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20.)
pp.create_load(net, b2, p_mw=10)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4)
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_mw=1)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, hv_bus=b1, mv_bus=b2, lv_bus=b3, vn_hv_kv=110,
vn_mv_kv=20, vn_lv_kv=0.4, sn_hv_mva=40,
sn_mv_mva=30, sn_lv_mva=10,
vk_hv_percent=5, vk_mv_percent=5,
vk_lv_percent=5, vkr_hv_percent=0.1,
vkr_mv_percent=0.1, vkr_lv_percent=0.1, pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0.1, shift_mv_degree=30,
shift_lv_degree=60, tap_side=side,
tap_step_percent=2, tap_step_degree=10, tap_pos=0,
tap_neutral=0, tap_min=-2,
tap_max=2)
pp.runpp(net, init="dc", calculate_voltage_angles=True)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], test_ref[0][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b2], test_ref[0][1], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b3], test_ref[1][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3], test_ref[1][1], rtol=1e-4)
net.trafo3w.tap_pos.at[0] = 2
pp.runpp(net, init="dc", calculate_voltage_angles=True)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], test_tap_pos[side][0][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b2], test_tap_pos[side][0][1], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b3], test_tap_pos[side][1][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3], test_tap_pos[side][1][1], rtol=1e-4)
net.trafo3w.tap_pos.at[0] = -2
pp.runpp(net, init="dc", calculate_voltage_angles=True)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b2], test_tap_neg[side][0][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b2], test_tap_neg[side][0][1], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[b3], test_tap_neg[side][1][0], rtol=1e-4)
assert np.isclose(net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3], test_tap_neg[side][1][1], rtol=1e-4)
def simple_test_net():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.set_user_pf_options(net, init='dc', calculate_voltage_angles=True)
b0 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 20)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 20)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, 6)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b0)
pp.create_line(net, b0, b1, 10, "149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0")
pp.create_transformer(net, b1, b2, "25 MVA 110/20 kV", name='tr1')
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
b1,
b3,
b4,
110,
20,
6,
1e2,
1e2,
1e1,
3,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
100,
1,
60,
30,
'hv',
tap_step_percent=1.5,
tap_step_degree=0,
tap_pos=0,
tap_neutral=0,
tap_max=10,
tap_min=-10,
name='tr2')
pp.create_load(net, b2, 1.5e1, 1, name='trafo1')
pp.create_load(net, b3, 3e1, 1.5, name='trafo2_mv')
pp.create_load(net, b4, 2, -0.15, name='trafo2_lv')
return net
def add_test_trafo3w_tap(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_trafo3w_tap")
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.6, zone="test_trafo3w_tap")
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_kw=300, q_kvar=100)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4, zone="test_trafo3w_tap")
pp.create_load(net, b4, p_kw=200, q_kvar=50)
t4 = pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b2,
mv_bus=b3,
lv_bus=b4,
vn_hv_kv=20,
vn_mv_kv=.6,
vn_lv_kv=.4,
sn_hv_kva=1000,
sn_mv_kva=700,
sn_lv_kva=300,
vsc_hv_percent=2.,
vscr_hv_percent=.3,
vsc_mv_percent=1.,
vscr_mv_percent=.2,
vsc_lv_percent=.5,
vscr_lv_percent=.1,
pfe_kw=50.,
i0_percent=1.,
name="test",
tp_side="hv",
tp_pos=-1,
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-2,
tp_max=2,
tp_st_percent=1.25)
net.last_added_case = "test_trafo3w_tap"
return net
def net_3w_trafo_opf():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
# create buses
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=220.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
bus5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110., in_service=False)
# create 220/110 kV transformer
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, bus5, vn_hv_kv=220, vn_mv_kv=110,
vn_lv_kv=110, vk_hv_percent=10., vk_mv_percent=10.,
vk_lv_percent=10., vkr_hv_percent=0.5,
vkr_mv_percent=0.5, vkr_lv_percent=0.5, pfe_kw=100,
i0_percent=0.1, shift_mv_degree=0, shift_lv_degree=0,
sn_hv_mva=100, sn_mv_mva=50, sn_lv_mva=50)
# create 110 kV lines
pp.create_line(net, bus2, bus3, length_km=70., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net, bus3, bus4, length_km=50., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net, bus4, bus2, length_km=40., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net, bus4, bus5, length_km=30., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
# create loads
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=60, controllable=False)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=70, controllable=False)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus3, p_mw=10, controllable=False)
# create generators
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus1, min_p_mw=0, max_p_mw=1000, max_q_mvar=0.01, min_q_mvar=0)
pp.create_gen(net, bus3, p_mw=80, min_p_mw=0, max_p_mw=80, vm_pu=1.01)
pp.create_gen(net, bus4, p_mw=80, min_p_mw=0, max_p_mw=80, vm_pu=1.01)
net.gen["controllable"] = False
return net
def network_with_trafo3ws():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
add_test_trafo(net)
slack, hv, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_trafo3w")
for _ in range(2):
mv = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.6, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, mv, p_mw=0.8, q_mvar=0)
lv = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, lv, p_mw=0.5, q_mvar=0)
t3 = pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net, hv_bus=hv, mv_bus=mv, lv_bus=lv, vn_hv_kv=22,
vn_mv_kv=.64, vn_lv_kv=.42, sn_hv_mva=1,
sn_mv_mva=0.7, sn_lv_mva=0.3, vk_hv_percent=1.,
vkr_hv_percent=.03, vk_mv_percent=.5,
vkr_mv_percent=.02, vk_lv_percent=.25,
vkr_lv_percent=.01, pfe_kw=.5, i0_percent=0.1,
name="test", index=pp.get_free_id(net.trafo3w) + 1,
tap_side="hv", tap_pos=2, tap_step_percent=1.25,
tap_min=-5, tap_neutral=0, tap_max=5)
return (net, t3, hv, mv, lv)
def test_create_switches_raise_except():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
# standard
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, 110)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, 15)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.9)
b6 = pp.create_bus(net, 0.4)
l1 = pp.create_line(net, b1, b2, length_km=1, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
t1 = pp.create_transformer(net, b2, b3, std_type='160 MVA 380/110 kV')
t3w1 = pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b4, mv_bus=b5, lv_bus=b6,
vn_hv_kv=15., vn_mv_kv=0.9, vn_lv_kv=0.45, sn_hv_mva=0.6, sn_mv_mva=0.5,
sn_lv_mva=0.4, vk_hv_percent=1., vk_mv_percent=1., vk_lv_percent=1.,
vkr_hv_percent=0.3, vkr_mv_percent=0.3, vkr_lv_percent=0.3,
pfe_kw=0.2, i0_percent=0.3, tap_neutral=0.
)
sw = pp.create_switch(net, bus=b1, element=l1, et="l", z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match=r"Switches with indexes \[0\] already exist."):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.,
index=[sw, 1, 2])
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match=r"Cannot attach to buses \{6\}, they do not exist"):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[6, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Line 1 does not exist"):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Line %s not connected to bus %s" % (l1, b3)):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b3, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo 1 does not exist"):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, 1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo %s not connected to bus %s" % (t1, b1)):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b1, b3], elements=[l1, t1, b4], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match=r"Cannot attach to bus 6, bus does not exist"):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, 6], et=["l", "t", "b"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo3w 1 does not exist"):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, 1], et=["l", "t", "t3"], z_ohm=0.)
with pytest.raises(UserWarning, match="Trafo3w %s not connected to bus %s" % (t3w1, b3)):
pp.create_switches(net, buses=[b1, b2, b3], elements=[l1, t1, t3w1], et=["l", "t", "t3"], z_ohm=0.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
bus5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
bus6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110., in_service=False)
#create 220/110 kV transformer
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
bus1,
bus2,
bus5,
vn_hv_kv=220,
vn_mv_kv=110,
vn_lv_kv=110,
vsc_hv_percent=10.,
vsc_mv_percent=10.,
vsc_lv_percent=10.,
vscr_hv_percent=0.5,
vscr_mv_percent=0.5,
vscr_lv_percent=0.5,
pfe_kw=100.,
i0_percent=0.1,
shift_mv_degree=0,
shift_lv_degree=0,
sn_hv_kva=100e3,
sn_mv_kva=50e3,
sn_lv_kva=50e3)
net.trafo3w["max_loading_percent"] = 50
#create 110 kV lines
pp.create_line(net,
bus2,
bus3,
def iec_60909_4():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
b7 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
H = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=21.)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.5) # 10.5kV?
T_T5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.5)
T_T6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.5)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1, s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b5, s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_pu=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100)
pp.create_gen(net,
HG1,
p_mw=0.85 * 150,
vn_kv=21,
xdss_pu=0.14,
rdss_pu=0.002,
cos_phi=0.85,
sn_mva=150)
pp.create_gen(net,
b6,
p_mw=0.8 * 10,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.1,
rdss_pu=0.018,
cos_phi=0.8,
sn_mva=10)
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(
net,
b4,
HG1,
sn_mva=150,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vn_hv_kv=115.,
vn_lv_kv=21,
vk_percent=16,
vkr_percent=0.5)
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=H,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=10,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=7.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=10,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=7.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b5,
mv_bus=b6,
lv_bus=T_T5,
vn_hv_kv=115.,
vn_mv_kv=10.5,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
sn_hv_mva=31.5,
sn_mv_mva=31.5,
sn_lv_mva=31.5,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=12,
vkr_hv_percent=.5,
vk_mv_percent=12,
vkr_mv_percent=.5,
vk_lv_percent=12,
vkr_lv_percent=.5)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b5,
mv_bus=b6,
lv_bus=T_T6,
vn_hv_kv=115.,
vn_mv_kv=10.5,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
sn_hv_mva=31.5,
sn_mv_mva=31.5,
sn_lv_mva=31.5,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=12,
vkr_hv_percent=.5,
vk_mv_percent=12,
vkr_mv_percent=.5,
vk_lv_percent=12,
vkr_lv_percent=.5)
# pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net, b5, b6, sn_mva=31.5,
# pfe_kw=0, i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
# vn_hv_kv=115., vn_lv_kv=10.5, vk_percent=12, vkr_percent=0.5)
# pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net, b5, b6, sn_mva=31.5,
# pfe_kw=0, i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
# vn_hv_kv=115., vn_lv_kv=10.5, vk_percent=12, vkr_percent=0.5)
# First try without motor in powerfactory
# pp.create_motor(net, b7, p_mw=5.0, sn_mva=5.0 / 0.88, k=5, rx=0.1) # FIXME: R/X
# pp.create_motor(net, b7, p_mw=2.0, sn_mva=2.0 / 0.89, k=5.2, rx=0.1)
# pp.create_motor(net, b7, p_mw=2.0, sn_mva=2.0 / 0.89, k=5.2, rx=0.1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b3,
b4,
name="L2",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b4,
name="L5",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=15,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b6,
b7,
name="L6",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
return net
def test_without_ext_grid():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
min_vm_pu = 0.95
max_vm_pu = 1.05
# create buses
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=220., geodata=(5, 9))
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net,
vn_kv=110.,
geodata=(6, 10),
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net,
vn_kv=110.,
geodata=(10, 9),
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net,
vn_kv=110.,
geodata=(8, 8),
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus5 = pp.create_bus(net,
vn_kv=110.,
geodata=(6, 8),
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
# create 220/110/110 kV 3W-transformer
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
bus1,
bus2,
bus5,
vn_hv_kv=220,
vn_mv_kv=110,
vn_lv_kv=110,
vk_hv_percent=10.,
vk_mv_percent=10.,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_hv_percent=0.5,
vkr_mv_percent=0.5,
vkr_lv_percent=0.5,
pfe_kw=100,
i0_percent=0.1,
shift_mv_degree=0,
shift_lv_degree=0,
sn_hv_mva=100,
sn_mv_mva=50,
sn_lv_mva=50)
# create 110 kV lines
pp.create_line(net,
bus2,
bus3,
length_km=70.,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net,
bus3,
bus4,
length_km=50.,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net,
bus4,
bus2,
length_km=40.,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
pp.create_line(net,
bus4,
bus5,
length_km=30.,
std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
# create loads
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=60, controllable=False)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=70, controllable=False)
pp.create_load(net, bus4, p_mw=10, controllable=False)
# create generators
g1 = pp.create_gen(net,
bus1,
p_mw=40,
min_p_mw=0,
min_q_mvar=-20,
max_q_mvar=20,
slack=True,
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
pp.create_poly_cost(net, g1, 'gen', cp1_eur_per_mw=1000)
g2 = pp.create_gen(net,
bus3,
p_mw=40,
min_p_mw=0,
min_q_mvar=-20,
max_q_mvar=20,
vm_pu=1.01,
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu,
max_p_mw=40.)
pp.create_poly_cost(net, g2, 'gen', cp1_eur_per_mw=2000)
g3 = pp.create_gen(net,
bus4,
p_mw=0.050,
min_p_mw=0,
min_q_mvar=-20,
max_q_mvar=20,
vm_pu=1.01,
min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu,
max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu,
max_p_mw=0.05)
pp.create_poly_cost(net, g3, 'gen', cp1_eur_per_mw=3000)
pp.runpm_ac_opf(net)
consistency_checks(net, rtol=1e-3)
assert np.isclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g2], 0, atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
assert np.isclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g3], 0, atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
assert np.isclose(net.res_cost, net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g1] * 1e3)
net.trafo3w["max_loading_percent"] = 150.
pp.runpm_ac_opf(net)
consistency_checks(net, rtol=1e-3)
assert 149. < net.res_trafo3w.loading_percent.values[0] < 150.01
assert np.isclose(
net.res_cost,
net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g1] * 1e3 + net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g2] * 2e3)
pp.runpm_dc_opf(net)
consistency_checks(net, rtol=1e-3, test_q=False)
assert 149. < net.res_trafo3w.loading_percent.values[0] < 150.01
assert np.isclose(
net.res_cost,
net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g1] * 1e3 + net.res_gen.p_mw.at[g2] * 2e3)
def test_trafo3w_switches():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
add_test_trafo(net)
slack, hv, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_trafo3w")
for _ in range(2):
mv = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.6, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, mv, p_kw=800, q_kvar=0)
lv = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=0.4, zone="test_trafo3w")
pp.create_load(net, lv, p_kw=500, q_kvar=0)
t3 = pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=hv,
mv_bus=mv,
lv_bus=lv,
vn_hv_kv=22,
vn_mv_kv=.64,
vn_lv_kv=.42,
sn_hv_kva=1000,
sn_mv_kva=700,
sn_lv_kva=300,
vsc_hv_percent=1.,
vscr_hv_percent=.03,
vsc_mv_percent=.5,
vscr_mv_percent=.02,
vsc_lv_percent=.25,
vscr_lv_percent=.01,
pfe_kw=.5,
i0_percent=0.1,
name="test",
index=pp.get_free_id(net.trafo3w) + 1,
tp_side="hv",
tp_pos=2,
tp_st_percent=1.25,
tp_min=-5,
tp_mid=0,
tp_max=5)
# open switch at hv side - t3 is disconnected
s1 = pp.create_switch(net, bus=hv, element=t3, et="t3", closed=False)
runpp_with_consistency_checks(net)
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[mv])
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[lv])
assert np.isnan(net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_kw.at[t3]) == 0
# open switch at mv side - mv is disconnected, lv is connected
net.switch.bus.at[s1] = mv
runpp_with_consistency_checks(net)
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[mv])
assert not np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[lv])
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_lv_ka.at[t3] > 1e-5
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_mv_ka.at[t3] < 1e-5
assert 490 < net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_kw.at[t3] < 510
# open switch at lv side - lv is disconnected, mv is connected
net.switch.bus.at[s1] = lv
runpp_with_consistency_checks(net)
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[lv])
assert not np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[mv])
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_lv_ka.at[t3] < 1e-5
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_mv_ka.at[t3] > 1e-5
assert 790 < net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_kw.at[t3] < 810
# open switch at lv and mv side - lv and mv is disconnected, t3 in open loop
pp.create_switch(net, bus=mv, element=t3, et="t3", closed=False)
runpp_with_consistency_checks(net)
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[lv])
assert np.isnan(net.res_bus.vm_pu.at[mv])
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_lv_ka.at[t3] < 1e-5
assert net.res_trafo3w.i_mv_ka.at[t3] < 1e-5
assert 0 < net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_kw.at[t3] < 1
mv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0 20kV")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0")
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
mv_bus,
lv_bus,
vn_hv_kv=110,
vn_mv_kv=20,
vn_lv_kv=10,
sn_hv_kva=40000,
sn_mv_kva=15000,
sn_lv_kva=25000,
vsc_hv_percent=10.1,
vsc_mv_percent=10.1,
vsc_lv_percent=10.1,
vscr_hv_percent=0.266667,
vscr_mv_percent=0.033333,
vscr_lv_percent=0.04,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
shift_mv_degree=30,
shift_lv_degree=30,
tp_side="hv",
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-8,
tp_max=8,
tp_st_percent=1.25,
tp_pos=0,
name='HV-MV-MV-Trafo')
# show transformer3w table
def example_multivoltage():
"""
Returns the multivoltage example network from the pandapower tutorials.
OUTPUT:
net - multivoltage example network
EXAMPLE:
>>> import pandapower.networks
>>> net = pandapower.networks.example_multivoltage()
"""
net = pp.create_empty_network()
# --- Busses
# HV
# Double busbar
pp.create_bus(net, name='Double Busbar 1', vn_kv=380, type='b')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Double Busbar 2', vn_kv=380, type='b')
for i in range(10):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus DB T%s' % i, vn_kv=380, type='n')
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus DB %s' % i, vn_kv=380, type='n')
# Single busbar
pp.create_bus(net, name='Single Busbar', vn_kv=110, type='b')
for i in range(1, 6):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus SB %s' % i, vn_kv=110, type='n')
for i in range(1, 6):
for j in [1, 2]:
pp.create_bus(net,
name='Bus SB T%s.%s' % (i, j),
vn_kv=110,
type='n')
# Remaining
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus HV%s' % i, vn_kv=110, type='n')
# MV
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus MV0 20kV', vn_kv=20, type='n')
for i in range(8):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus MV%s' % i, vn_kv=10, type='n')
# LV
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV0', vn_kv=0.4, type='n')
for i in range(1, 6):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV1.%s' % i, vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.%s' % i, vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.2.1', vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.2.2', vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
# --- Lines
# HV
hv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
hv_lines['line_name'] = ['HV Line%s' % i for i in range(1, 7)]
hv_lines['from_bus'] = [
'Bus SB 2', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV3', 'Bus SB 3'
]
hv_lines['to_bus'] = [
'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV3'
]
hv_lines['std_type'] = '184-AL1/30-ST1A 110.0'
hv_lines['length'] = [30, 20, 30, 15, 25, 30]
hv_lines['parallel'] = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]
for _, hv_line in hv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", hv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", hv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=hv_line.length,
std_type=hv_line.std_type,
name=hv_line.line_name,
parallel=hv_line.parallel)
# MV
mv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
mv_lines['line_name'] = ['MV Line%s' % i for i in range(1, 9)]
mv_lines['from_bus'] = ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in list(range(7)) + [0]]
mv_lines['to_bus'] = ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in list(range(1, 8)) + [7]]
mv_lines['length'] = 1.5
mv_lines['std_type'] = 'NA2XS2Y 1x185 RM/25 12/20 kV'
for _, mv_line in mv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", mv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", mv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=mv_line.length,
std_type=mv_line.std_type,
name=mv_line.line_name)
# LV
lv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
lv_line_idx = [
'1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.6', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1',
'2.2.2'
]
lv_lines['line_name'] = ['LV Line%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_line_idx = [
'0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '0', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.2',
'2.2.1'
]
lv_lines['from_bus'] = ['Bus LV%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_line_idx = [
'1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.5', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1',
'2.2.2'
]
lv_lines['to_bus'] = ['Bus LV%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_lines['length'] = [0.08] * 5 + [0.12] * 6
lv_lines['std_type'] = ['NAYY 4x120 SE'] * 7 + ['15-AL1/3-ST1A 0.4'] * 4
for _, lv_line in lv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", lv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", lv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=lv_line.length,
std_type=lv_line.std_type,
name=lv_line.line_name)
# --- Transformer
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus DB 2")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus SB 1")
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
lv_bus,
sn_kva=300000,
vn_hv_kv=380,
vn_lv_kv=110,
vscr_percent=0.06,
vsc_percent=8,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
tp_pos=0,
shift_degree=0,
name='EHV-HV-Trafo')
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV4")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus LV0")
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
lv_bus,
sn_kva=400,
vn_hv_kv=10,
vn_lv_kv=0.4,
vscr_percent=1.325,
vsc_percent=4,
pfe_kw=0.95,
i0_percent=0.2375,
tp_side="hv",
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-2,
tp_max=2,
tp_st_percent=2.5,
tp_pos=0,
shift_degree=150,
name='MV-LV-Trafo')
# Trafo3w
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus HV2")
mv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0 20kV")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0")
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
mv_bus,
lv_bus,
vn_hv_kv=110,
vn_mv_kv=20,
vn_lv_kv=10,
sn_hv_kva=40000,
sn_mv_kva=15000,
sn_lv_kva=25000,
vsc_hv_percent=10.1,
vsc_mv_percent=10.1,
vsc_lv_percent=10.1,
vscr_hv_percent=0.266667,
vscr_mv_percent=0.033333,
vscr_lv_percent=0.04,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
shift_mv_degree=30,
shift_lv_degree=30,
tp_side="hv",
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-8,
tp_max=8,
tp_st_percent=1.25,
tp_pos=0,
name='HV-MV-MV-Trafo')
# --- Static generators
# HV
pp.create_sgen(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus SB 5'),
p_kw=-20000,
q_kvar=-4000,
sn_kva=45000,
type='WP',
name='Wind Park')
# MV
mv_sgens = pd.DataFrame()
mv_sgens['sgen_name'] = [
'Biogas plant', 'Further MV Generator', 'Industry Generator', 'PV Park'
]
mv_sgens['bus'] = ['Bus MV6', 'Bus MV0', 'Bus MV0 20kV', 'Bus MV5']
mv_sgens['p'] = [-500, -500, -15000, -2000]
mv_sgens['q'] = [0, -50, -3000, -100]
mv_sgens['sn'] = [750, 1000, 20000, 5000]
mv_sgens['type'] = ['SGEN', 'SGEN', 'SGEN', 'PV']
for _, sgen in mv_sgens.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", sgen.bus)
pp.create_sgen(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=sgen.p,
q_kvar=sgen.q,
sn_kva=sgen.sn,
type=sgen.type,
name=sgen.sgen_name)
# LV
lv_sgens = pd.DataFrame()
lv_sgens['sgen_name'] = ['PV'] + ['PV(%s)' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
lv_sgens['bus'] = [
'Bus LV%s' % i for i in ['1.1', '1.3', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1', '2.2.2']
]
lv_sgens['p'] = [-6, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5]
lv_sgens['q'] = 0
lv_sgens['sn'] = [12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
lv_sgens['type'] = 'PV'
for _, sgen in lv_sgens.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", sgen.bus)
pp.create_sgen(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=sgen.p,
q_kvar=sgen.q,
sn_kva=sgen.sn,
type=sgen.type,
name=sgen.sgen_name)
# --- Loads
# HV
hv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
hv_loads['load_name'] = ['MV Net %s' % i for i in range(5)]
hv_loads['bus'] = ['Bus SB 4', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV3', 'Bus HV4']
hv_loads['p'] = 38000
hv_loads['q'] = 6000
for _, load in hv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# MV
mv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
mv_loads['load_name'] = ['Further MV-Rings', 'Industry Load'
] + ['LV Net %s' % i for i in [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]]
mv_loads['bus'] = ['Bus MV0', 'Bus MV0 20kV'
] + ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]]
mv_loads['p'] = [6000, 18000, 400, 400, 400, 400, 400, 400]
mv_loads['q'] = [2000, 4000, 100, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60]
for _, load in mv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# LV
lv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
idx = ['', '(1)', '(2)', '(3)', '(4)', '(5)']
lv_loads['load_name'] = ['Further LV-Feeders Load'] + [
'Residential Load%s' % i for i in idx[0:5]
] + ['Rural Load%s' % i for i in idx[0:6]]
lv_loads['bus'] = [
'Bus LV%s' % i for i in [
'0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.5', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4',
'2.2.1', '2.2.2'
]
]
lv_loads['p'] = [100] + [10] * 11
lv_loads['q'] = [10] + [3] * 11
for _, load in lv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# --- Other
# Shunt
pp.create_shunt(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
p_kw=0,
q_kvar=-960,
name='Shunt')
# ExtGrids
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Double Busbar 1'),
vm_pu=1.03,
va_degree=0,
name='External grid',
s_sc_max_mva=10000,
rx_max=0.1,
rx_min=0.1)
# Gen
pp.create_gen(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV4'),
vm_pu=1.03,
p_kw=-1e5,
name='Gas turbine')
# Impedance
pp.create_impedance(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
rft_pu=0.074873,
xft_pu=0.198872,
sn_kva=100000,
name='Impedance')
# xwards
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
ps_kw=23942,
qs_kvar=-12241.87,
pz_kw=2814.571,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=12.18951,
vm_pu=1.02616,
name='XWard 1')
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
ps_kw=3776,
qs_kvar=-7769.979,
pz_kw=9174.917,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=50.56217,
vm_pu=1.024001,
name='XWard 2')
# --- Switches
# HV
# Bus-bus switches
hv_bus_sw = pd.DataFrame()
hv_bus_sw['bus_name'] = ['DB DS%s' % i for i in range(14)] + \
['DB CB%s' % i for i in range(5)] + \
['SB DS%s.%s' % (i, j) for i in range(1, 6) for j in range(1, 3)] + \
['SB CB%s' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['from_bus'] = ['Double Busbar %s' % i for i in [2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1]] + \
['Bus DB T%s' % i for i in [2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 3, 5, 7, 9]] + \
['Bus SB T1.1', 'Single Busbar', 'Bus SB T2.1', 'Single Busbar',
'Bus SB T3.1', 'Single Busbar', 'Bus SB T4.1', 'Single Busbar',
'Bus SB T5.1', 'Single Busbar'] + \
['Bus SB T%s.2' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['to_bus'] = ['Bus DB %s' % i for i in
['T0', 'T1', 'T3', 'T3', 'T5', 'T5', 'T7', 'T7', 'T9', 'T9',
'1', '2', '3', '4', 'T1', 'T2', 'T4', 'T6', 'T8']] + \
['Bus SB %s' % i for i in
['1', 'T1.2', '2', 'T2.2', '3', 'T3.2', '4', 'T4.2', '5', 'T5.2']] + \
['Bus SB T%s.1' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['type'] = ['DS'] * 14 + ['CB'] * 5 + ['DS'] * 10 + ['CB'] * 5
hv_bus_sw['et'] = 'b'
hv_bus_sw['closed'] = [
bool(i)
for i in [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] +
[1] * 15
]
for _, switch in hv_bus_sw.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", switch.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", switch.to_bus)
pp.create_switch(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
et=switch.et,
closed=switch.closed,
type=switch.type,
name=switch.bus_name)
# Bus-Line switches
hv_buses = net.bus[(net.bus.vn_kv == 380) | (net.bus.vn_kv == 110)].index
hv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(hv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(hv_buses))]
for _, line in hv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
# MV
# Bus-line switches
mv_buses = net.bus[(net.bus.vn_kv == 10) | (net.bus.vn_kv == 20)].index
mv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(mv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(mv_buses))]
for _, line in mv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
open_switch_id = net.switch[(
net.switch.name == 'Switch Bus MV5 - MV Line5')].index
net.switch.closed.loc[open_switch_id] = False
# LV
# Bus-line switches
lv_buses = net.bus[net.bus.vn_kv == 0.4].index
lv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(lv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(lv_buses))]
for _, line in lv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
# Trafoswitches
# HV
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus DB 2'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'EHV-HV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch DB2 - EHV-HV-Trafo')
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus SB 1'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'EHV-HV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch SB1 - EHV-HV-Trafo')
# LV
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus MV4'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'MV-LV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch MV4 - MV-LV-Trafo')
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus LV0'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'MV-LV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch LV0 - MV-LV-Trafo')
# --- Powerflow
# run power flow and generate result tables
pp.runpp(net, init='dc', calculate_voltage_angles=True, Numba=False)
return net
def iec_60909_4_small(with_xward=False):
net = pp.create_empty_network()
net.sn_mva = 23
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
H = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b1,
s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3,
r0x0_max=0.15)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b5,
s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3.3,
r0x0_max=0.2)
t1 = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5,
vk0_percent=12,
vkr0_percent=0.5,
mag0_percent=100,
mag0_rx=0,
si0_hv_partial=0.5,
shift_degree=5,
vector_group="YNd")
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_ohm=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100,
pg_percent=7.5,
slack=True,
power_station_trafo=t1)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=H,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.32,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.26,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.22,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.1,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
if with_xward:
pp.create_xward(net, b5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10, 20, 1)
return net
def iec_60909_4():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
net.sn_mva = 23
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
b7 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10) # 10.5kV?
T_T5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
T_T6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
H = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1, s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b5, s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
# t1 = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net, b4, HG1, sn_mva=150,
# pfe_kw=0, i0_percent=0,
# vn_hv_kv=115., vn_lv_kv=21, vk_percent=16, vkr_percent=0.5,
# pt_percent=12, oltc=True)
t1 = pp.create_transformers_from_parameters(net, [b4], [HG1],
sn_mva=[150],
pfe_kw=[0],
i0_percent=[0],
vn_hv_kv=[115.],
vn_lv_kv=[21],
vk_percent=[16],
vkr_percent=[0.5],
pt_percent=[12],
oltc=[True])
pp.create_gen(net,
HG1,
p_mw=0.85 * 150,
vn_kv=21,
xdss_pu=0.14,
rdss_ohm=0.002,
cos_phi=0.85,
sn_mva=150,
pg_percent=0,
power_station_trafo=t1[0])
t2 = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5,
oltc=False)
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_ohm=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100,
pg_percent=7.5,
slack=True,
power_station_trafo=t2)
# # Add gen 3
# pp.create_gen(net, b6, p_mw=0.9 * 100, vn_kv=10.5,
# xdss_pu=0.1, rdss_ohm=0.018, cos_phi=0.8, sn_mva=10, pg_percent=5)
# Add gen 3
pp.create_gen(net,
b6,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.1,
rdss_ohm=0.018,
cos_phi=0.8,
sn_mva=10,
pg_percent=0)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=H,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b5,
mv_bus=b6,
lv_bus=T_T5,
vn_hv_kv=115.,
vn_mv_kv=10.5,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
sn_hv_mva=31.5,
sn_mv_mva=31.5,
sn_lv_mva=31.5,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=12,
vkr_hv_percent=.5,
vk_mv_percent=12,
vkr_mv_percent=.5,
vk_lv_percent=12,
vkr_lv_percent=.5)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b5,
mv_bus=b6,
lv_bus=T_T6,
vn_hv_kv=115.,
vn_mv_kv=10.5,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
sn_hv_mva=31.5,
sn_mv_mva=31.5,
sn_lv_mva=31.5,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=12,
vkr_hv_percent=.5,
vk_mv_percent=12,
vkr_mv_percent=.5,
vk_lv_percent=12,
vkr_lv_percent=.5)
pp.create_motor(net,
b7,
pn_mech_mw=5.0,
cos_phi=0.88,
cos_phi_n=0.88,
efficiency_n_percent=97.5,
vn_kv=10,
rx=0.1,
lrc_pu=5)
for _ in range(2):
pp.create_motor(net,
b7,
pn_mech_mw=2.0,
cos_phi=0.89,
cos_phi_n=0.89,
efficiency_n_percent=96.8,
vn_kv=10,
rx=0.1,
lrc_pu=5.2)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b3,
b4,
name="L2",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b4,
name="L5",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=15,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.386)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b6,
b7,
name="L6",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.082,
x_ohm_per_km=0.086)
return net
def iec_60909_4_small(n_t3=1, num_earth=1, with_gen=False):
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_ext_grid(
net,
b1,
s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3,
r0x0_max=0.15,
s_sc_min_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3) / 10,
rx_min=0.1,
x0x_min=3,
r0x0_min=0.15,
)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b5,
s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3.3,
r0x0_max=0.2,
s_sc_min_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3) / 10,
rx_min=0.1,
x0x_min=3.3,
r0x0_min=0.2)
if num_earth == 1:
vector_group = ("YYNd", "YNYd")
else:
vector_group = ("YNYNd", "YNYNd")
if n_t3 == 2:
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16,
vk0_hv_percent=44.1,
vkr0_hv_percent=0.26,
vk0_mv_percent=6.2996,
vkr0_mv_percent=0.03714,
vk0_lv_percent=6.2996,
vkr0_lv_percent=0.03714,
vector_group=vector_group[0])
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16,
vk0_hv_percent=44.1,
vkr0_hv_percent=0.26,
vk0_mv_percent=6.2996,
vkr0_mv_percent=0.03714,
vk0_lv_percent=6.2996,
vkr0_lv_percent=0.03714,
vector_group=vector_group[1])
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.32,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.26,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0,
endtemp_degree=80)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0,
endtemp_degree=80)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0,
endtemp_degree=80)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.22,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.1,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0,
endtemp_degree=80)
if with_gen:
t1 = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5,
vk0_percent=12,
vkr0_percent=0.5,
mag0_percent=100,
mag0_rx=0,
si0_hv_partial=0.5,
shift_degree=5,
vector_group="YNd")
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_ohm=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100,
pg_percent=7.5,
slack=True,
power_station_trafo=t1)
return net
def iec_60909_4_small():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
H = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=21.)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10) # 10.5kV?
T_T5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.5)
T_T6 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.5)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1, s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b5, s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3), rx_max=0.1)
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_pu=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100)
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=H,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388)
return net
min_vm_pu = 0.95
max_vm_pu = 1.05
for type in types:
#create buses
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net[type], vn_kv=220., geodata=(5,9), min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu, max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net[type], vn_kv=110., geodata=(6,10), min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu, max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net[type], vn_kv=110., geodata=(10,9), min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu, max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net[type], vn_kv=110., geodata=(8,8), min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu, max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
bus5 = pp.create_bus(net[type], vn_kv=110., geodata=(6,8), min_vm_pu=min_vm_pu, max_vm_pu=max_vm_pu)
#create 220/110/110 kV 3W-transformer
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net[type], bus1, bus2, bus5, vn_hv_kv=220, vn_mv_kv=110,
vn_lv_kv=110, vk_hv_percent=10., vk_mv_percent=10.,
vk_lv_percent=10., vkr_hv_percent=0.5,
vkr_mv_percent=0.5, vkr_lv_percent=0.5, pfe_kw=10,
i0_percent=0.1, shift_mv_degree=0, shift_lv_degree=0,
sn_hv_mva=100, sn_mv_mva=50, sn_lv_mva=50)
#create 110 kV lines
l1 = pp.create_line(net[type], bus2, bus3, length_km=70., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
l2 = pp.create_line(net[type], bus3, bus4, length_km=50., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
l3 = pp.create_line(net[type], bus4, bus2, length_km=40., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
l4 = pp.create_line(net[type], bus4, bus5, length_km=30., std_type='149-AL1/24-ST1A 110.0')
#create loads
pp.create_load(net[type], bus2, p_mw=60)
pp.create_load(net[type], bus3, p_mw=70)
pp.create_load(net[type], bus4, p_mw=10)
#create generators
