def test_xward_buses():
"""
Issue: xward elements create dummy buses for the load flow, that are cleaned up afterwards.
However, if the load flow does not converge, those buses end up staying in the net and don't get
removed. This can potentially lead to thousands of dummy buses in net.
"""
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_sl = pp.create_bus(net, 110, name='ExtGrid')
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus_sl, vm_pu=1)
bus_x = pp.create_bus(net, 110, name='XWARD')
pp.create_xward(net, bus_x, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 1.1)
iid = pp.create_impedance(net, bus_sl, bus_x, 0.2, 0.2, 1e3)
bus_num1 = len(net.bus)
pp.runpp(net)
bus_num2 = len(net.bus)
assert bus_num1 == bus_num2
# now - make sure that the loadflow doesn't converge:
net.impedance.at[iid, 'rft_pu'] = 1
pp.create_load(net, bus_x, 1e6, 0)
with pytest.raises(LoadflowNotConverged):
# here the load flow doesn't converge and there is an extra bus in net
pp.runpp(net)
bus_num3 = len(net.bus)
assert bus_num3 == bus_num1
def add_test_xward(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_xward")
pz = 1.200
qz = 1.100
ps = 0.500
qs = 0.200
vm_pu = 1.06
r_ohm = 50
x_ohm = 70
# one xward at a bus
pp.create_xward(net,
b2,
pz_mw=pz,
qz_mvar=qz,
ps_mw=ps,
qs_mvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu,
x_ohm=x_ohm,
r_ohm=r_ohm)
# add out of service xward should not change the result
pp.create_xward(net,
b2,
pz_mw=pz,
qz_mvar=qz,
ps_mw=ps,
qs_mvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu,
x_ohm=x_ohm,
r_ohm=r_ohm,
in_service=False,
index=pp.get_free_id(net.xward) + 1)
net.last_added_case = "test_xward"
return net
def add_test_bus_bus_switch(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_bus_bus_switch")
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20., zone="test_bus_bus_switch")
pp.create_switch(net, b2, b3, et="b")
pl = 1000
ql = 500
psg = -500
qsg = 100
pz = 1200
qz = 1100
ps = 500
qs = 200
vm_pu = 1.06
r_ohm = 50
x_ohm = 70
pp.create_load(net, b2, p_kw=pl, q_kvar=ql)
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_kw=pl, q_kvar=ql, scaling=0.5)
pp.create_sgen(net, b2, p_kw=psg, q_kvar=qsg)
pp.create_sgen(net, b3, p_kw=psg, q_kvar=qsg, scaling=0.5)
pp.create_ward(net, b2, pz_kw=pz, qz_kvar=qz, ps_kw=ps, qs_kvar=qs)
pp.create_ward(net, b3, pz_kw=0.5 * pz, qz_kvar=0.5 * qz, ps_kw=0.5 * ps, qs_kvar=0.5 * qs)
pp.create_xward(net, b3, pz_kw=0.5 * pz, qz_kvar=0.5 * qz, ps_kw=0.5 * ps, qs_kvar=0.5 * qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu, x_ohm=x_ohm, r_ohm=r_ohm)
pp.create_xward(net, b2, pz_kw=pz, qz_kvar=qz, ps_kw=ps, qs_kvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu, x_ohm=x_ohm, r_ohm=r_ohm)
net.last_added_case = "test_bus_bus_switch"
return net
def test_only_xward():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0, vm_pu=1.05, slack_weight=2)
pp.create_xward(net, 0, 200, 20, 10, 1, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
pp.runpp(net, distributed_slack=True)
def test_runpp_init_auxiliary_buses():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1, b2, l1 = add_grid_connection(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20.)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10.)
tidx = pp.create_transformer3w(net,
b2,
b3,
b4,
std_type='63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV')
pp.create_load(net, b3, 5e3)
pp.create_load(net, b4, 5e3)
pp.create_xward(net, b4, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0)
net.trafo3w.shift_lv_degree.at[tidx] = 120
net.trafo3w.shift_mv_degree.at[tidx] = 80
pp.runpp(net)
va = net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b2]
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True, init="dc")
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_mv_degree.at[tidx],
net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3],
atol=2)
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_lv_degree.at[tidx],
net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b4],
atol=2)
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True, init="results")
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_mv_degree.at[tidx],
net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b3],
atol=2)
assert np.allclose(va - net.trafo3w.shift_lv_degree.at[tidx],
net.res_bus.va_degree.at[b4],
atol=2)
def test_get_xward_result():
# here we test the helper function that calculates the internal and PQ load results separately
# it separates the results of other node ellments at the same bus, but only works for 1 xward at a bus
net = small_example_grid()
pp.create_xward(net, 2, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1)
pp.create_load(net, 2, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1)
pp.runpp(net)
check_xward_results(net)
def test_gen_xward():
# here testing for numba only
net = small_example_grid()
# note: xward is in the consumption reference system, so positive ps_mw stands for consumption
pp.create_xward(net, 2, 200, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
run_and_assert_numba(net)
# xward behavior is a bit different due to the shunt component and the impedance component of the xward
# so we check the results by hand for the case when shunt values are != 0
assert_results_correct(net)
check_xward_results(net)
def test_xward_pz_mw():
# here testing for numba only
# for now, not implemented and should raise an error
net = small_example_grid()
# pp.create_xward(net, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
pp.create_xward(net, 2, 200, 20, 10, 1, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
run_and_assert_numba(net)
# xward behavior is a bit different due to the shunt component of the xward
# so we check the results by hand for the case when shunt values are != 0
assert_results_correct(net)
check_xward_results(net)
def test_xward_oos():
net = small_example_grid()
pp.create_xward(net,
2,
200,
20,
10,
1,
0.02,
0.2,
1,
slack_weight=2,
in_service=False)
run_and_assert_numba(net)
assert_results_correct(net)
def test_xward_manually():
net_1 = small_example_grid()
# pp.create_xward(net, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
pp.create_xward(net_1, 2, 200, 20, 10, 1, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=2)
run_and_assert_numba(net_1)
slack_power = (net_1.res_gen.p_mw.at[0] -
net_1.gen.p_mw.at[0]) * 3 # factor 3 since gen has
# slack_weight==1 and xward has slack_weight==2
# xward behavior is a bit different due to the shunt component of the xward
# so we check the results by hand for the case when shunt values are != 0
net = small_example_grid()
pp.create_bus(net, 20)
pp.create_load(net, 2, 200, 20)
pp.create_shunt(net, 2, 1, 10)
pp.create_gen(net, 3, 0, 1, slack_weight=2)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 3, 1, 0.02, 0.2, 0, 1)
net.load.at[1, 'p_mw'] = net_1._ppc['bus'][net_1.xward.bus.at[0], PD]
assert np.isclose(200 - net.load.at[1, 'p_mw'],
slack_power * 2 / 3,
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.isclose(net_1.res_gen.at[0, 'p_mw'],
net.res_gen.at[0, 'p_mw'],
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
assert np.isclose(net_1.res_gen.at[0, 'q_mvar'],
net.res_gen.at[0, 'q_mvar'],
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
assert np.isclose(net_1.res_bus.at[2, 'p_mw'],
net.res_bus.at[2, 'p_mw'] +
net.res_line.at[3, 'p_from_mw'],
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
assert np.allclose(net_1.res_bus.vm_pu,
net.res_bus.loc[0:2, 'vm_pu'],
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
assert np.allclose(net_1.res_bus.va_degree,
net.res_bus.loc[0:2, 'va_degree'],
rtol=0,
atol=1e-6)
def add_test_xward_combination(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_xward_combination")
pz = 1200
qz = 1100
ps = 500
qs = 200
vm_pu = 1.06
r_ohm = 50
x_ohm = 70
# one xward at a bus
xw1 = pp.create_xward(net,
b2,
pz_kw=pz,
qz_kvar=qz,
ps_kw=ps,
qs_kvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu,
x_ohm=x_ohm,
r_ohm=r_ohm)
# add out of service xward should not change the result
xw2 = pp.create_xward(net,
b2,
pz_kw=pz,
qz_kvar=qz,
ps_kw=ps,
qs_kvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu,
x_ohm=x_ohm,
r_ohm=r_ohm,
in_service=False)
# add second xward at the bus
xw3 = pp.create_xward(net,
b2,
pz_kw=pz,
qz_kvar=qz,
ps_kw=ps,
qs_kvar=qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu,
x_ohm=x_ohm,
r_ohm=r_ohm)
net.last_added_case = "test_xward_combination"
return net
def test_isolated_gen_lookup():
net=pp.create_empty_network()
gen_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='gen_bus')
slack_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='slack_bus')
gen_iso_bus=pp.create_bus(net,vn_kv=1., name='iso_bus')
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=slack_bus, to_bus=gen_bus, length_km=1, std_type="48-AL1/8-ST1A 10.0")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=slack_bus, vm_pu=1.)
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, p_mw=1, vm_pu=1., name='iso_gen')
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_mw=1, vm_pu=1., name='oos_gen', in_service=False)
pp.create_gen(net, bus=gen_bus, p_mw=2, vm_pu=1., name='gen')
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1)
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1)
pp.create_xward(net, bus=gen_iso_bus, pz_mw=1., qz_mvar=1., ps_mw=1., qs_mvar=1.,
vm_pu=1., x_ohm=1., r_ohm=.1, in_service=False)
pp.rundcpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
assert np.allclose(net.res_xward.p_mw.values, [0, 2, 0])
pp.runpp(net)
assert np.allclose(net.res_gen.p_mw.values, [0, 0, 2])
assert np.allclose(net.res_xward.p_mw.values, [0, 2, 0])
def add_test_oos_bus_with_is_element(net):
b1, b2, ln = add_grid_connection(net, zone="test_oos_bus_with_is_element")
pl = 1200
ql = 1100
ps = -500
u_set = 1.0
pz = 1200
qz = 1100
qs = 200
vm_pu = 1.06
r_ohm = 50
x_ohm = 70
# OOS buses
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, zone="test_oos_bus_with_is_element", vn_kv=0.4, in_service=False)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, zone="test_oos_bus_with_is_element", vn_kv=0.4, in_service=False)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, zone="test_oos_bus_with_is_element", vn_kv=0.4, in_service=False)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, b2, b3, 12.2, r_ohm_per_km=0.08, x_ohm_per_km=0.12,
c_nf_per_km=300, max_i_ka=.2, df=.8)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, b2, b4, 12.2, r_ohm_per_km=0.08, x_ohm_per_km=0.12,
c_nf_per_km=300, max_i_ka=.2, df=.8)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, b2, b5, 12.2, r_ohm_per_km=0.08, x_ohm_per_km=0.12,
c_nf_per_km=300, max_i_ka=.2, df=.8)
# in service elements
pp.create_load(net, b3, p_kw=pl, q_kvar=ql)
pp.create_gen(net, b4, p_kw=ps, vm_pu=u_set)
pp.create_sgen(net, b5, p_kw=ps, q_kvar=ql)
pp.create_ward(net, b3, pz_kw=pz, qz_kvar=qz, ps_kw=ps, qs_kvar=qs)
pp.create_xward(net, b4, pz_kw=0.5 * pz, qz_kvar=0.5 * qz, ps_kw=0.5 * ps, qs_kvar=0.5 * qs,
vm_pu=vm_pu, x_ohm=x_ohm, r_ohm=r_ohm)
pp.create_shunt(net, b5, q_kvar=-800, p_kw=0)
net.last_added_case = "test_oos_bus_with_is_element"
return net
def test_replace_xward_by_internal_elements():
net = nw.example_simple()
pp.create_xward(net, 1, 10, 5, -20, -10, 0.1, 0.55, 1.02, name="xward_1")
pp.create_xward(net, 5, 6, 8, 10, 5, 0.009, 0.678, 1.03, name="xward_2")
pp.create_xward(net, 6, 6, 8, 10, 5, 0.009, 0.678, 1.03, in_service=False, name="xward_3")
pp.runpp(net)
net_org = copy.deepcopy(net)
pp.replace_xward_by_internal_elements(net)
pp.runpp(net)
assert abs(max(net_org.res_ext_grid.p_mw - net.res_ext_grid.p_mw)) < 1e-10
assert abs(max(net_org.res_ext_grid.q_mvar - net.res_ext_grid.q_mvar)) < 1e-10
net = nw.example_simple()
pp.create_xward(net, 1, 10, 5, -20, -10, 0.1, 0.55, 1.02, name="xward_1")
pp.create_xward(net, 5, 6, 8, 10, 5, 0.009, 0.678, 1.03, name="xward_2")
pp.create_xward(net, 6, 6, 8, 10, 5, 0.009, 0.678, 1.03, in_service=False, name="xward_3")
pp.runpp(net)
net_org = copy.deepcopy(net)
pp.replace_xward_by_internal_elements(net, [0, 1])
pp.runpp(net)
assert abs(max(net_org.res_ext_grid.p_mw - net.res_ext_grid.p_mw)) < 1e-10
assert abs(max(net_org.res_ext_grid.q_mvar - net.res_ext_grid.q_mvar)) < 1e-10
def example_multivoltage():
"""
Returns the multivoltage example network from the pandapower tutorials.
OUTPUT:
net - multivoltage example network
EXAMPLE:
>>> import pandapower.networks
>>> net = pandapower.networks.example_multivoltage()
"""
net = pp.create_empty_network()
# --- Busses
# HV
# Double busbar
pp.create_bus(net, name='Double Busbar 1', vn_kv=380, type='b')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Double Busbar 2', vn_kv=380, type='b')
for i in range(10):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus DB T%s' % i, vn_kv=380, type='n')
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus DB %s' % i, vn_kv=380, type='n')
# Single busbar
pp.create_bus(net, name='Single Busbar', vn_kv=110, type='b')
for i in range(1, 6):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus SB %s' % i, vn_kv=110, type='n')
for i in range(1, 6):
for j in [1, 2]:
pp.create_bus(net,
name='Bus SB T%s.%s' % (i, j),
vn_kv=110,
type='n')
# Remaining
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus HV%s' % i, vn_kv=110, type='n')
# MV
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus MV0 20kV', vn_kv=20, type='n')
for i in range(8):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus MV%s' % i, vn_kv=10, type='n')
# LV
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV0', vn_kv=0.4, type='n')
for i in range(1, 6):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV1.%s' % i, vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
for i in range(1, 5):
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.%s' % i, vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.2.1', vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
pp.create_bus(net, name='Bus LV2.2.2', vn_kv=0.4, type='m')
# --- Lines
# HV
hv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
hv_lines['line_name'] = ['HV Line%s' % i for i in range(1, 7)]
hv_lines['from_bus'] = [
'Bus SB 2', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV3', 'Bus SB 3'
]
hv_lines['to_bus'] = [
'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV4', 'Bus HV3'
]
hv_lines['std_type'] = '184-AL1/30-ST1A 110.0'
hv_lines['length'] = [30, 20, 30, 15, 25, 30]
hv_lines['parallel'] = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2]
for _, hv_line in hv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", hv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", hv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=hv_line.length,
std_type=hv_line.std_type,
name=hv_line.line_name,
parallel=hv_line.parallel)
# MV
mv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
mv_lines['line_name'] = ['MV Line%s' % i for i in range(1, 9)]
mv_lines['from_bus'] = ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in list(range(7)) + [0]]
mv_lines['to_bus'] = ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in list(range(1, 8)) + [7]]
mv_lines['length'] = 1.5
mv_lines['std_type'] = 'NA2XS2Y 1x185 RM/25 12/20 kV'
for _, mv_line in mv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", mv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", mv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=mv_line.length,
std_type=mv_line.std_type,
name=mv_line.line_name)
# LV
lv_lines = pd.DataFrame()
lv_line_idx = [
'1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.6', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1',
'2.2.2'
]
lv_lines['line_name'] = ['LV Line%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_line_idx = [
'0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '0', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.2',
'2.2.1'
]
lv_lines['from_bus'] = ['Bus LV%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_line_idx = [
'1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.5', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1',
'2.2.2'
]
lv_lines['to_bus'] = ['Bus LV%s' % i for i in lv_line_idx]
lv_lines['length'] = [0.08] * 5 + [0.12] * 6
lv_lines['std_type'] = ['NAYY 4x120 SE'] * 7 + ['15-AL1/3-ST1A 0.4'] * 4
for _, lv_line in lv_lines.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", lv_line.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", lv_line.to_bus)
pp.create_line(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
length_km=lv_line.length,
std_type=lv_line.std_type,
name=lv_line.line_name)
# --- Transformer
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus DB 2")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus SB 1")
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
lv_bus,
sn_kva=300000,
vn_hv_kv=380,
vn_lv_kv=110,
vscr_percent=0.06,
vsc_percent=8,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
tp_pos=0,
shift_degree=0,
name='EHV-HV-Trafo')
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV4")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus LV0")
pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
lv_bus,
sn_kva=400,
vn_hv_kv=10,
vn_lv_kv=0.4,
vscr_percent=1.325,
vsc_percent=4,
pfe_kw=0.95,
i0_percent=0.2375,
tp_side="hv",
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-2,
tp_max=2,
tp_st_percent=2.5,
tp_pos=0,
shift_degree=150,
name='MV-LV-Trafo')
# Trafo3w
hv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus HV2")
mv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0 20kV")
lv_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", "Bus MV0")
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus,
mv_bus,
lv_bus,
vn_hv_kv=110,
vn_mv_kv=20,
vn_lv_kv=10,
sn_hv_kva=40000,
sn_mv_kva=15000,
sn_lv_kva=25000,
vsc_hv_percent=10.1,
vsc_mv_percent=10.1,
vsc_lv_percent=10.1,
vscr_hv_percent=0.266667,
vscr_mv_percent=0.033333,
vscr_lv_percent=0.04,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
shift_mv_degree=30,
shift_lv_degree=30,
tp_side="hv",
tp_mid=0,
tp_min=-8,
tp_max=8,
tp_st_percent=1.25,
tp_pos=0,
name='HV-MV-MV-Trafo')
# --- Static generators
# HV
pp.create_sgen(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus SB 5'),
p_kw=-20000,
q_kvar=-4000,
sn_kva=45000,
type='WP',
name='Wind Park')
# MV
mv_sgens = pd.DataFrame()
mv_sgens['sgen_name'] = [
'Biogas plant', 'Further MV Generator', 'Industry Generator', 'PV Park'
]
mv_sgens['bus'] = ['Bus MV6', 'Bus MV0', 'Bus MV0 20kV', 'Bus MV5']
mv_sgens['p'] = [-500, -500, -15000, -2000]
mv_sgens['q'] = [0, -50, -3000, -100]
mv_sgens['sn'] = [750, 1000, 20000, 5000]
mv_sgens['type'] = ['SGEN', 'SGEN', 'SGEN', 'PV']
for _, sgen in mv_sgens.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", sgen.bus)
pp.create_sgen(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=sgen.p,
q_kvar=sgen.q,
sn_kva=sgen.sn,
type=sgen.type,
name=sgen.sgen_name)
# LV
lv_sgens = pd.DataFrame()
lv_sgens['sgen_name'] = ['PV'] + ['PV(%s)' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
lv_sgens['bus'] = [
'Bus LV%s' % i for i in ['1.1', '1.3', '2.3', '2.4', '2.2.1', '2.2.2']
]
lv_sgens['p'] = [-6, -5, -5, -5, -5, -5]
lv_sgens['q'] = 0
lv_sgens['sn'] = [12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
lv_sgens['type'] = 'PV'
for _, sgen in lv_sgens.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", sgen.bus)
pp.create_sgen(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=sgen.p,
q_kvar=sgen.q,
sn_kva=sgen.sn,
type=sgen.type,
name=sgen.sgen_name)
# --- Loads
# HV
hv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
hv_loads['load_name'] = ['MV Net %s' % i for i in range(5)]
hv_loads['bus'] = ['Bus SB 4', 'Bus HV1', 'Bus HV2', 'Bus HV3', 'Bus HV4']
hv_loads['p'] = 38000
hv_loads['q'] = 6000
for _, load in hv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# MV
mv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
mv_loads['load_name'] = ['Further MV-Rings', 'Industry Load'
] + ['LV Net %s' % i for i in [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]]
mv_loads['bus'] = ['Bus MV0', 'Bus MV0 20kV'
] + ['Bus MV%s' % i for i in [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]]
mv_loads['p'] = [6000, 18000, 400, 400, 400, 400, 400, 400]
mv_loads['q'] = [2000, 4000, 100, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60]
for _, load in mv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# LV
lv_loads = pd.DataFrame()
idx = ['', '(1)', '(2)', '(3)', '(4)', '(5)']
lv_loads['load_name'] = ['Further LV-Feeders Load'] + [
'Residential Load%s' % i for i in idx[0:5]
] + ['Rural Load%s' % i for i in idx[0:6]]
lv_loads['bus'] = [
'Bus LV%s' % i for i in [
'0', '1.1', '1.2', '1.3', '1.4', '1.5', '2.1', '2.2', '2.3', '2.4',
'2.2.1', '2.2.2'
]
]
lv_loads['p'] = [100] + [10] * 11
lv_loads['q'] = [10] + [3] * 11
for _, load in lv_loads.iterrows():
bus_idx = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", load.bus)
pp.create_load(net,
bus_idx,
p_kw=load.p,
q_kvar=load.q,
name=load.load_name)
# --- Other
# Shunt
pp.create_shunt(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
p_kw=0,
q_kvar=-960,
name='Shunt')
# ExtGrids
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Double Busbar 1'),
vm_pu=1.03,
va_degree=0,
name='External grid',
s_sc_max_mva=10000,
rx_max=0.1,
rx_min=0.1)
# Gen
pp.create_gen(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV4'),
vm_pu=1.03,
p_kw=-1e5,
name='Gas turbine')
# Impedance
pp.create_impedance(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
rft_pu=0.074873,
xft_pu=0.198872,
sn_kva=100000,
name='Impedance')
# xwards
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
ps_kw=23942,
qs_kvar=-12241.87,
pz_kw=2814.571,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=12.18951,
vm_pu=1.02616,
name='XWard 1')
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
ps_kw=3776,
qs_kvar=-7769.979,
pz_kw=9174.917,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=50.56217,
vm_pu=1.024001,
name='XWard 2')
# --- Switches
# HV
# Bus-bus switches
hv_bus_sw = pd.DataFrame()
hv_bus_sw['bus_name'] = ['DB DS%s' % i for i in range(14)] + \
['DB CB%s' % i for i in range(5)] + \
['SB DS%s.%s' % (i, j) for i in range(1, 6) for j in range(1, 3)] + \
['SB CB%s' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['from_bus'] = ['Double Busbar %s' % i for i in [2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1]] + \
['Bus DB T%s' % i for i in [2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 3, 5, 7, 9]] + \
['Bus SB T1.1', 'Single Busbar', 'Bus SB T2.1', 'Single Busbar',
'Bus SB T3.1', 'Single Busbar', 'Bus SB T4.1', 'Single Busbar',
'Bus SB T5.1', 'Single Busbar'] + \
['Bus SB T%s.2' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['to_bus'] = ['Bus DB %s' % i for i in
['T0', 'T1', 'T3', 'T3', 'T5', 'T5', 'T7', 'T7', 'T9', 'T9',
'1', '2', '3', '4', 'T1', 'T2', 'T4', 'T6', 'T8']] + \
['Bus SB %s' % i for i in
['1', 'T1.2', '2', 'T2.2', '3', 'T3.2', '4', 'T4.2', '5', 'T5.2']] + \
['Bus SB T%s.1' % i for i in range(1, 6)]
hv_bus_sw['type'] = ['DS'] * 14 + ['CB'] * 5 + ['DS'] * 10 + ['CB'] * 5
hv_bus_sw['et'] = 'b'
hv_bus_sw['closed'] = [
bool(i)
for i in [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] +
[1] * 15
]
for _, switch in hv_bus_sw.iterrows():
from_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", switch.from_bus)
to_bus = pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", switch.to_bus)
pp.create_switch(net,
from_bus,
to_bus,
et=switch.et,
closed=switch.closed,
type=switch.type,
name=switch.bus_name)
# Bus-Line switches
hv_buses = net.bus[(net.bus.vn_kv == 380) | (net.bus.vn_kv == 110)].index
hv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(hv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(hv_buses))]
for _, line in hv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
# MV
# Bus-line switches
mv_buses = net.bus[(net.bus.vn_kv == 10) | (net.bus.vn_kv == 20)].index
mv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(mv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(mv_buses))]
for _, line in mv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
open_switch_id = net.switch[(
net.switch.name == 'Switch Bus MV5 - MV Line5')].index
net.switch.closed.loc[open_switch_id] = False
# LV
# Bus-line switches
lv_buses = net.bus[net.bus.vn_kv == 0.4].index
lv_ls = net.line[(net.line.from_bus.isin(lv_buses))
& (net.line.to_bus.isin(lv_buses))]
for _, line in lv_ls.iterrows():
for bus in [line.from_bus, line.to_bus]:
pp.create_switch(net,
bus,
line.name,
et='l',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch %s - %s' %
(net.bus.name.at[bus], line['name']))
# Trafoswitches
# HV
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus DB 2'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'EHV-HV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch DB2 - EHV-HV-Trafo')
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus SB 1'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'EHV-HV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch SB1 - EHV-HV-Trafo')
# LV
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus MV4'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'MV-LV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch MV4 - MV-LV-Trafo')
pp.create_switch(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus LV0'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "trafo", 'MV-LV-Trafo'),
et='t',
closed=True,
type='LBS',
name='Switch LV0 - MV-LV-Trafo')
# --- Powerflow
# run power flow and generate result tables
pp.runpp(net, init='dc', calculate_voltage_angles=True, Numba=False)
return net
def iec_60909_4_small(with_xward=False):
net = pp.create_empty_network()
net.sn_mva = 23
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=380.)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b5 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110.)
b8 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
H = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=30.)
HG2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b1,
s_sc_max_mva=38 * 380 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3,
r0x0_max=0.15)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
b5,
s_sc_max_mva=16 * 110 * np.sqrt(3),
rx_max=0.1,
x0x_max=3.3,
r0x0_max=0.2)
t1 = pp.create_transformer_from_parameters(net,
b3,
HG2,
sn_mva=100,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vn_hv_kv=120.,
vn_lv_kv=10.5,
vk_percent=12,
vkr_percent=0.5,
vk0_percent=12,
vkr0_percent=0.5,
mag0_percent=100,
mag0_rx=0,
si0_hv_partial=0.5,
shift_degree=5,
vector_group="YNd")
pp.create_gen(net,
HG2,
p_mw=0.9 * 100,
vn_kv=10.5,
xdss_pu=0.16,
rdss_ohm=0.005,
cos_phi=0.9,
sn_mva=100,
pg_percent=7.5,
slack=True,
power_station_trafo=t1)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(
net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=H,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_transformer3w_from_parameters(net,
hv_bus=b1,
mv_bus=b2,
lv_bus=b8,
vn_hv_kv=400,
vn_mv_kv=120,
vn_lv_kv=30,
sn_hv_mva=350,
sn_mv_mva=350,
sn_lv_mva=50,
pfe_kw=0,
i0_percent=0,
vk_hv_percent=21,
vkr_hv_percent=.26,
vk_mv_percent=7,
vkr_mv_percent=.16,
vk_lv_percent=10.,
vkr_lv_percent=.16)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(
net,
b2,
b3,
name="L1",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0, # FIXME: Optional for SC
length_km=20,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.32,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.26,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3a",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b2,
b5,
name="L3b",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=5,
r_ohm_per_km=0.12,
x_ohm_per_km=0.39,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.52,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.86,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
b5,
b3,
name="L4",
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=0,
length_km=10,
r_ohm_per_km=0.096,
x_ohm_per_km=0.388,
r0_ohm_per_km=0.22,
x0_ohm_per_km=1.1,
c0_nf_per_km=0,
g0_us_per_km=0)
if with_xward:
pp.create_xward(net, b5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10, 20, 1)
return net
def test_xward_gen_same_bus():
net = small_example_grid()
pp.create_gen(net, 2, 200, 1., slack_weight=2)
pp.create_xward(net, 2, 200, 20, 10, 1, 0.02, 0.2, 1, slack_weight=4)
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
pp.runpp(net, distributed_slack=True)
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
rft_pu=0.074873,
xft_pu=0.198872,
sn_kva=100000,
name='Impedance')
# show impedance table
net.impedance
# xwards
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV3'),
ps_kw=23942,
qs_kvar=-12241.87,
pz_kw=2814.571,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=12.18951,
vm_pu=1.02616,
name='XWard 1')
pp.create_xward(net,
pp.get_element_index(net, "bus", 'Bus HV1'),
ps_kw=3776,
qs_kvar=-7769.979,
pz_kw=9174.917,
qz_kvar=0,
r_ohm=0,
x_ohm=50.56217,
vm_pu=1.024001,
name='XWard 2')
