def _reset(self, mpu_type,getc_addr=0xF004,putc_addr=0xF001):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self.addrWidth = self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH
self.byteWidth = self._mpu.BYTE_WIDTH
self.addrFmt = self._mpu.ADDR_FORMAT
self.byteFmt = self._mpu.BYTE_FORMAT
self.addrMask = self._mpu.addrMask
self.byteMask = self._mpu.byteMask
self._install_mpu_observers(getc_addr,putc_addr)
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def _reset(self, mpu_type,getc_addr=0xF004,putc_addr=0xF001):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self.addrWidth = self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH
self.byteWidth = self._mpu.BYTE_WIDTH
self.addrFmt = self._mpu.ADDR_FORMAT
self.byteFmt = self._mpu.BYTE_FORMAT
self.addrMask = self._mpu.addrMask
self.byteMask = self._mpu.byteMask
self._install_mpu_observers(getc_addr,putc_addr)
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def assemble(self, statement, pc=0000, mpu=None):
if mpu is None:
mpu = MPU()
address_parser = AddressParser()
assembler = Assembler(mpu, address_parser)
return assembler.assemble(statement, pc)
def _reset(self, mpu_type):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self._install_mpu_observers()
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
class Monitor(cmd.Cmd):
def __init__(self, mpu_type=NMOS6502, completekey='tab', stdin=None, stdout=None):
self._reset(mpu_type)
self._width = 78
self._update_prompt()
self._add_shortcuts()
cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey, stdin, stdout)
def onecmd(self, line):
line = self._preprocess_line(line)
result = None
try:
result = cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self._output("Interrupt")
except Exception as e:
(file, fun, line), t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback()
error = 'Error: %s, %s: file: %s line: %s' % (t, v, file, line)
self._output(error)
self._update_prompt()
return result
def _reset(self, mpu_type):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self._install_mpu_observers()
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def _add_shortcuts(self):
self._shortcuts = {'~': 'tilde',
'?': 'help',
'a': 'assemble',
'al': 'add_label',
'd': 'disassemble',
'dl': 'delete_label',
'f': 'fill',
'>': 'fill',
'g': 'goto',
'l': 'load',
'm': 'mem',
'r': 'registers',
'ret': 'return',
'rad': 'radix',
's': 'save',
'shl': 'show_labels',
'x': 'quit',
'z': 'step'}
def _preprocess_line(self, line):
# line comments
quoted = False
for pos, char in enumerate(line):
if char in ('"', "'"):
quoted = not quoted
if (not quoted) and (char == ';'):
line = line[:pos]
break
# whitespace & leading dots
line = line.strip(' \t').lstrip('.')
# special case for vice compatibility
if line.startswith('~'):
line = self._shortcuts['~'] + ' ' + line[1:]
# command shortcuts
for shortcut, command in self._shortcuts.items():
if line == shortcut:
line = command
break
pattern = '^%s\s+' % re.escape(shortcut)
matches = re.match(pattern, line)
if matches:
start, end = matches.span()
line = "%s %s" % (command, line[end:])
break
return line
def _install_mpu_observers(self):
def putc(address, value):
self.stdout.write(chr(value))
self.stdout.flush()
def getc(address):
char = console.getch_noblock(self.stdin)
if char:
byte = ord(char)
else:
byte = 0
return byte
m = ObservableMemory()
#m.subscribe_to_write([0xF001], putc)
#m.subscribe_to_read([0xF004], getc)
self._mpu.memory = m
def _update_prompt(self):
self.prompt = "\n%s\n." % repr(self._mpu)
def _output(self, stuff):
if stuff is not None:
self.stdout.write(stuff + "\n")
def do_help(self, args):
args = self._shortcuts.get(args.strip(), args)
return cmd.Cmd.do_help(self, args)
def help_version(self):
self._output("version\t\tDisplay Py65 version information.")
def do_version(self, args):
self._output("\nPy65 Monitor")
def help_help(self):
self._output("help\t\tPrint a list of available actions.")
self._output("help <action>\tPrint help for <action>.")
def help_reset(self):
self._output("reset\t\tReset the microprocessor")
def do_reset(self, args):
klass = self._mpu.__class__
self._reset(mpu_type=klass)
def do_mpu(self, args):
mpus = {'6502': NMOS6502, '65C02': CMOS65C02}
def available_mpus():
mpu_list = ', '.join(list(mpus.keys()))
self._output("Available MPUs: %s" % mpu_list)
if args == '':
self._output("Current MPU is %s" % self._mpu.name)
available_mpus()
else:
requested = args.upper()
new_mpu = mpus.get(requested, None)
if new_mpu is None:
self._output("Unknown MPU: %s" % args)
available_mpus()
else:
self._reset(new_mpu)
self._output("Reset with new MPU %s" % self._mpu.name)
def help_mpu(self):
self._output("mpu\t\tPrint available microprocessors.")
self._output("mpu <type>\tSelect a new microprocessor.")
def do_EOF(self, args):
self._output('')
return 1
def help_EOF(self):
self._output("To quit, type ^D or use the quit command.")
def do_quit(self, args):
return self.do_EOF(args)
def help_quit(self):
return self.help_EOF()
def do_assemble(self, args):
split = args.split(None, 1)
if len(split) != 2:
return self._interactive_assemble(args)
start, statement = split
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(start)
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % start)
return
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(statement, start)
if bytes is None:
self._output("Assemble failed: %s" % statement)
else:
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
self.do_disassemble('%04x:%04x' % (start, end))
def help_assemble(self):
self._output("assemble <address> <statement>")
self._output("Assemble a statement at the address.")
def _interactive_assemble(self, args):
if args == '':
start = self._mpu.pc
else:
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(args)
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % start)
return
assembling = True
while assembling:
prompt = "\r$%04x " % (start)
line = console.line_input(prompt,
stdin=self.stdin, stdout=self.stdout)
if not line:
self.stdout.write("\n")
return
# assemble into memory
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(line)
if bytes is None:
self.stdout.write("\r$%04x ???\n" % start)
continue
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
# print disassembly
bytes, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(start)
disassembly = self._format_disassembly(start, bytes, disasm)
self.stdout.write("\r" + (' ' * (len(prompt+line) + 5) ) + "\r")
self.stdout.write(disassembly + "\n")
start += bytes
def do_disassemble(self, args):
start, end = self._address_parser.range(args)
if start == end:
end += 1
address = start
while address < end:
bytes, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(address)
self._output(self._format_disassembly(address, bytes, disasm))
address += bytes
def _format_disassembly(self, address, bytes, disasm):
mem = ''
for byte in self._mpu.memory[address:address+bytes]:
mem += '%02x ' % byte
return "$%04x %-10s%s" % (address, mem, disasm)
def help_disassemble(self):
self._output("disassemble <address_range>")
self._output("Disassemble instructions in the address range.")
def help_step(self):
self._output("step")
self._output("Single-step through instructions.")
def do_step(self, args):
self._mpu.step()
self.do_disassemble('%04x' % self._mpu.pc)
def help_return(self):
self._output("return")
self._output("Continues execution and returns to the monitor just")
self._output("before the next RTS or RTI is executed.")
def do_return(self, args):
returns = [0x60, 0x40] # RTS, RTI
self._run(stopcodes=returns)
def help_goto(self):
self._output("goto <address>")
self._output("Change the PC to address and continue execution.")
def do_goto(self, args):
self._mpu.pc = self._address_parser.number(args)
brks = [0x00] # BRK
self._run(stopcodes=brks)
def _run(self, stopcodes=[]):
last_instruct = None
while last_instruct not in stopcodes:
self._mpu.step()
last_instruct = self._mpu.memory[self._mpu.pc]
def help_radix(self):
self._output("radix [H|D|O|B]")
self._output("Set the default radix to hex, decimal, octal, or binary.")
self._output("With no argument, the current radix is printed.")
def help_cycles(self):
self._output("Display the total number of cycles executed.")
def do_cycles(self, args):
self._output(str(self._mpu.processorCycles))
def do_radix(self, args):
radixes = {'Hexadecimal': 16, 'Decimal': 10, 'Octal': 8, 'Binary': 2}
if args != '':
new = args[0].lower()
changed = False
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if name[0].lower() == new:
self._address_parser.radix = radix
changed = True
if not changed:
self._output("Illegal radix: %s" % args)
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if self._address_parser.radix == radix:
self._output("Default radix is %s" % name)
def help_tilde(self):
self._output("~ <number>")
self._output("Display the specified number in decimal, hex, octal, and binary.")
def do_tilde(self, args):
try:
num = self._address_parser.number(args)
except ValueError:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
self._output("+%u" % num)
self._output("$%02x" % num)
self._output("%04o" % num)
self._output(itoa(num, 2).zfill(8))
def help_registers(self):
self._output("registers[<reg_name> = <number> [, <reg_name> = <number>]*]")
self._output("Assign respective registers. With no parameters,")
self._output("display register values.")
def do_registers(self, args):
if args == '':
return
pairs = re.findall('([^=,\s]*)=([^=,\s]*)', args)
if pairs == []:
return self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
for register, value in pairs:
if register not in ('pc', 'sp', 'a', 'x', 'y', 'p'):
self._output("Invalid register: %s" % register)
else:
try:
intval = self._address_parser.number(value) & 0xFFFF
if len(register) == 1:
intval &= 0xFF
setattr(self._mpu, register, intval)
except KeyError as why:
self._output(str(why))
def help_cd(self, args):
self._output("cd <directory>")
self._output("Change the working directory.")
def do_cd(self, args):
try:
os.chdir(args)
except OSError as why:
msg = "Cannot change directory: [%d] %s" % (why.errno, why.strerror)
self._output(msg)
self.do_pwd()
def help_pwd(self):
self._output("Show the current working directory.")
def do_pwd(self, args=None):
cwd = os.getcwd()
self._output(cwd)
def help_load(self):
self._output("load \"filename\" <address>")
self._output("Load the specified file into memory at the specified address.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are ignored.")
def do_load(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) > 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
if len(split) == 2:
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
else:
start = self._mpu.pc
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as why:
msg = "Cannot load file: [%d] %s" % (why[0], why[1])
self._output(msg)
return
# self._fill(start, start, list(map(ord, bytes)))
self._fill(start, start, list(bytes))
def do_save(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 3:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
end = self._address_parser.number(split[2])
bytes = bytearray(self._mpu.memory[start:end+1])
try:
f = open(filename, 'wb')
f.write(bytes)
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as why:
msg = "Cannot save file: [%d] %s" % (why.errno, why.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
self._output("Saved +%d bytes to %s" % (len(bytes), filename))
def help_save(self):
self._output("save \"filename\" <start> <end>")
self._output("Save the specified memory range to disk as a binary file.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are not written.")
def help_fill(self):
self._output("fill <address_range> <data_list>")
self._output("Fill memory in the specified address range with the data in")
self._output("<data_list>. If the size of the address range is greater")
self._output("than the size of the data_list, the data_list is repeated.")
def do_fill(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) < 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
filler = list(map(self._address_parser.number, split[1:]))
self._fill(start, end, filler)
def _fill(self, start, end, filler):
address = start
length, index = len(filler), 0
if start == end:
end = start + length - 1
if (end > 0xFFFF):
end = 0xFFFF
while address <= end:
address &= 0xFFFF
self._mpu.memory[address] = (filler[index] & 0xFF)
index += 1
if index == length:
index = 0
address += 1
fmt = (end - start + 1, start, end)
self._output("Wrote +%d bytes from $%04x to $%04x" % fmt)
def help_mem(self):
self._output("mem <address_range>")
self._output("Display the contents of memory.")
def do_mem(self, args):
start, end = self._address_parser.range(args)
line = "%04x:" % start
for address in range(start, end+1):
byte = self._mpu.memory[address]
more = " %02x" % byte
exceeded = len(line) + len(more) > self._width
if exceeded:
self._output(line)
line = "%04x:" % address
line += more
self._output(line)
def help_add_label(self):
self._output("add_label <address> <label>")
self._output("Map a given address to a label.")
def do_add_label(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
label = split[1]
self._address_parser.labels[label] = address
def help_show_labels(self):
self._output("show_labels")
self._output("Display current label mappings.")
def do_show_labels(self, args):
values = list(self._address_parser.labels.values())
keys = list(self._address_parser.labels.keys())
byaddress = list(zip(values, keys))
byaddress.sort()
for address, label in byaddress:
self._output("%04x: %s" % (address, label))
def help_delete_label(self):
self._output("delete_label <label>")
self._output("Remove the specified label from the label tables.")
def do_delete_label(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_delete_label()
try:
del self._address_parser.labels[args]
except KeyError:
pass
def do_width(self, args):
if args != '':
try:
new_width = int(args)
if new_width >= 10:
self._width = new_width
else:
self._output("Minimum terminal width is 10")
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal width: %s" % args)
self._output("Terminal width is %d" % self._width)
def help_width(self):
self._output("width <columns>")
self._output("Set the width used by some commands to wrap output.")
self._output("With no argument, the current width is printed.")
def assemble(self, statement, pc=0000):
mpu = MPU()
address_parser = AddressParser()
assembler = Assembler(mpu, address_parser)
return assembler.assemble(statement, pc)
def assemble(self, statement, pc=0000, mpu=None):
if mpu is None:
mpu = MPU()
address_parser = AddressParser()
assembler = Assembler(mpu, address_parser)
return assembler.assemble(statement, pc)
def test_ctor_uses_bus_width_from_mpu(self):
asm = Assembler(MPU())
self.assertEqual(16, asm.addrWidth)
asm = Assembler(MPU65Org16())
self.assertEqual(32, asm.addrWidth)
def test_ctor_optionally_creates_address_parser(self):
mpu = MPU()
asm = Assembler(mpu)
self.assertFalse(asm._address_parser is None)
def test_ctor_uses_provided_mpu_and_address_parser(self):
mpu = MPU()
address_parser = AddressParser()
asm = Assembler(mpu, address_parser)
self.assertTrue(asm._mpu is mpu)
self.assertTrue(asm._address_parser is address_parser)
def assemble(self, statement, pc=0000):
mpu = MPU()
address_parser = AddressParser()
assembler = Assembler(mpu, address_parser)
return assembler.assemble(statement, pc)
class Monitor(cmd.Cmd):
Microprocessors = {'6502': NMOS6502, '65C02': CMOS65C02,
'65Org16': V65Org16}
def __init__(self, argv=None, stdin=None, stdout=None,
mpu_type=NMOS6502, memory=None,
putc_addr=0xF001, getc_addr=0xF004):
self.mpu_type = mpu_type
self.memory = memory
self.putc_addr = putc_addr
self.getc_addr = getc_addr
self._breakpoints = []
self._width = 78
self.prompt = "."
self._add_shortcuts()
cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout)
if argv is None:
argv = sys.argv
load, rom, goto = self._parse_args(argv)
self._reset(self.mpu_type, self.getc_addr, self.putc_addr)
if load is not None:
self.do_load(load)
if goto is not None:
self.do_goto(goto)
if rom is not None:
# load a ROM and run from the reset vector
self.do_load("%r top" % rom)
physMask = self._mpu.memory.physMask
reset = self._mpu.RESET & physMask
dest = self._mpu.memory[reset] + \
(self._mpu.memory[reset + 1] << self.byteWidth)
self.do_goto("$%x" % dest)
def _parse_args(self, argv):
try:
shortopts = 'hi:o:m:l:r:g:'
longopts = ['help', 'mpu=', 'input=', 'output=', 'load=', 'rom=', 'goto=']
options, args = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], shortopts, longopts)
except getopt.GetoptError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0])
self._usage()
self._exit(1)
load, rom, goto = None, None, None
for opt, value in options:
if opt in ('-i', '--input'):
self.getc_addr = int(value, 16)
if opt in ('-o', '--output'):
self.putc_addr = int(value, 16)
if opt in ('-m', '--mpu'):
mpu_type = self._get_mpu(value)
if mpu_type is None:
mpus = sorted(self.Microprocessors.keys())
msg = "Fatal: no such MPU. Available MPUs: %s"
self._output(msg % ', '.join(mpus))
sys.exit(1)
self.mpu_type = mpu_type
if opt in ("-h", "--help"):
self._usage()
self._exit(0)
if opt in ('-l', '--load'):
load = value
if opt in ('-r', '--rom'):
rom = value
if opt in ('-g', '--goto'):
goto = value
return load, rom, goto
def _usage(self):
usage = __doc__ % sys.argv[0]
self._output(usage)
def onecmd(self, line):
line = self._preprocess_line(line)
result = None
try:
result = cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self._output("Interrupt")
except Exception:
(file, fun, line), t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback()
error = 'Error: %s, %s: file: %s line: %s' % (t, v, file, line)
self._output(error)
if not line.startswith("quit"):
self._output_mpu_status()
return result
def _reset(self, mpu_type, getc_addr=0xF004, putc_addr=0xF001):
self._mpu = mpu_type(memory=self.memory)
self.addrWidth = self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH
self.byteWidth = self._mpu.BYTE_WIDTH
self.addrFmt = self._mpu.ADDR_FORMAT
self.byteFmt = self._mpu.BYTE_FORMAT
self.addrMask = self._mpu.addrMask
self.byteMask = self._mpu.byteMask
if getc_addr and putc_addr:
self._install_mpu_observers(getc_addr, putc_addr)
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def _add_shortcuts(self):
self._shortcuts = {'EOF': 'quit',
'~': 'tilde',
'a': 'assemble',
'ab': 'add_breakpoint',
'al': 'add_label',
'd': 'disassemble',
'db': 'delete_breakpoint',
'dl': 'delete_label',
'exit': 'quit',
'f': 'fill',
'>': 'fill',
'g': 'goto',
'h': 'help',
'?': 'help',
'l': 'load',
'm': 'mem',
'q': 'quit',
'r': 'registers',
'ret': 'return',
'rad': 'radix',
's': 'save',
'shb': 'show_breakpoints',
'shl': 'show_labels',
'x': 'quit',
'z': 'step'}
def _preprocess_line(self, line):
# line comments
quoted = False
for pos, char in enumerate(line):
if char in ('"', "'"):
quoted = not quoted
if (not quoted) and (char == ';'):
line = line[:pos]
break
# whitespace & leading dots
line = line.strip(' \t').lstrip('.')
# special case for vice compatibility
if line.startswith('~'):
line = self._shortcuts['~'] + ' ' + line[1:]
# command shortcuts
for shortcut, command in self._shortcuts.items():
if line == shortcut:
line = command
break
pattern = '^%s\s+' % re.escape(shortcut)
matches = re.match(pattern, line)
if matches:
start, end = matches.span()
line = "%s %s" % (command, line[end:])
break
return line
def _get_mpu(self, name):
requested = name.lower()
mpu = None
for key, klass in self.Microprocessors.items():
if key.lower() == requested:
mpu = klass
break
return mpu
def _install_mpu_observers(self, getc_addr, putc_addr):
def putc(address, value):
try:
self.stdout.write(chr(value))
except UnicodeEncodeError: # Python 3
self.stdout.write("?")
self.stdout.flush()
def getc(address):
char = console.getch_noblock(self.stdin)
if char:
byte = ord(char)
else:
byte = 0
return byte
m = ObservableMemory(subject=self.memory, addrWidth=self.addrWidth)
m.subscribe_to_write([self.putc_addr], putc)
m.subscribe_to_read([self.getc_addr], getc)
self._mpu.memory = m
def _output_mpu_status(self):
self._output("\n" + repr(self._mpu))
def _output(self, stuff):
self.stdout.write("%s\n" % stuff)
def _exit(self, exitcode=0):
sys.exit(exitcode)
def do_help(self, args):
args = self._shortcuts.get(args.strip(), args)
return cmd.Cmd.do_help(self, args)
def help_version(self):
self._output("version\t\tDisplay Py65 version information.")
def do_version(self, args):
self._output("\nPy65 Monitor")
def help_help(self):
self._output("help\t\tPrint a list of available actions.")
self._output("help <action>\tPrint help for <action>.")
def help_reset(self):
self._output("reset\t\tReset the microprocessor")
def do_reset(self, args):
klass = self._mpu.__class__
self._reset(mpu_type=klass)
def do_mpu(self, args):
def available_mpus():
mpus = list(self.Microprocessors.keys())
mpus.sort()
self._output("Available MPUs: %s" % ', '.join(mpus))
if args == '':
self._output("Current MPU is %s" % self._mpu.name)
available_mpus()
else:
new_mpu = self._get_mpu(args)
if new_mpu is None:
self._output("Unknown MPU: %s" % args)
available_mpus()
else:
self._reset(new_mpu,self.getc_addr,self.putc_addr)
self._output("Reset with new MPU %s" % self._mpu.name)
def help_mpu(self):
self._output("mpu\t\tPrint available microprocessors.")
self._output("mpu <type>\tSelect a new microprocessor.")
def do_quit(self, args):
self._output('')
return 1
def help_quit(self):
self._output("To quit, type ^D or use the quit command.")
def do_assemble(self, args):
splitted = args.split(None, 1)
if len(splitted) != 2:
return self._interactive_assemble(args)
statement = splitted[1]
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(splitted[0])
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(statement, start)
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
self.do_disassemble(self.addrFmt % start)
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
except SyntaxError:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % statement)
def help_assemble(self):
self._output("assemble\t\t\t"
"Start interactive assembly at the program counter.")
self._output("assemble <address>\t\t"
"Start interactive assembly at the address.")
self._output("assemble <address> <statement>\t"
"Assemble a statement at the address.")
def _interactive_assemble(self, args):
if args == '':
start = self._mpu.pc
else:
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(args)
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
return
while True:
prompt = "\r$" + (self.addrFmt % start) + " " + \
(" " * int(1 + self.byteWidth / 4) * 3)
line = console.line_input(prompt,
stdin=self.stdin, stdout=self.stdout)
if not line.strip():
self.stdout.write("\n")
return
# assemble into memory
try:
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(line, pc=start)
numbytes = len(bytes)
end = start + numbytes
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
# print disassembly
_, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(start)
fdisasm = self._format_disassembly(start, numbytes, disasm)
indent = ' ' * (len(prompt + line) + 5)
self.stdout.write("\r" + indent + "\r")
self.stdout.write(fdisasm + "\n")
# advance to next address
start += numbytes
if start >= (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH):
start = 0
except KeyError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Label\n" % addr)
except OverflowError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Overflow\n" % addr)
except SyntaxError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Syntax\n" % addr)
def do_disassemble(self, args):
splitted = shlex.split(args)
if len(splitted) != 1:
return self.help_disassemble()
address_parts = splitted[0].split(":")
start = self._address_parser.number(address_parts[0])
if len(address_parts) > 1:
end = self._address_parser.number(address_parts[1])
else:
end = start
max_address = (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH) - 1
cur_address = start
needs_wrap = start > end
while needs_wrap or cur_address <= end:
length, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(cur_address)
self._output(self._format_disassembly(cur_address, length, disasm))
remaining = length
while remaining:
remaining -= 1
cur_address += 1
if start > end and cur_address > max_address:
needs_wrap = False
cur_address = 0
def _format_disassembly(self, address, length, disasm):
cur_address = address
max_address = (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH) - 1
bytes_remaining = length
dump = ''
while bytes_remaining:
if cur_address > max_address:
cur_address = 0
dump += self.byteFmt % self._mpu.memory[cur_address] + " "
cur_address += 1
bytes_remaining -= 1
fieldwidth = 1 + int(1 + self.byteWidth / 4) * 3
fieldfmt = "%%-%ds" % fieldwidth
return "$" + self.addrFmt % address + " " + fieldfmt % dump + disasm
def help_disassemble(self):
self._output("disassemble <address_range>")
self._output("Disassemble instructions in the address range.")
self._output('Range is specified like "<start>:<end>".')
def help_step(self):
self._output("step")
self._output("Single-step through instructions.")
def do_step(self, args):
self._mpu.step()
self.do_disassemble(self.addrFmt % self._mpu.pc)
def help_return(self):
self._output("return")
self._output("Continues execution and returns to the monitor just")
self._output("before the next RTS or RTI is executed.")
def do_return(self, args):
returns = [0x60, 0x40] # RTS, RTI
self._run(stopcodes=returns)
def help_goto(self):
self._output("goto <address>")
self._output("Change the PC to address and continue execution.")
def do_goto(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_goto()
self._mpu.pc = self._address_parser.number(args)
brks = [0x00] # BRK
self._run(stopcodes=brks)
def _run(self, stopcodes):
stopcodes = set(stopcodes)
breakpoints = set(self._breakpoints)
mpu = self._mpu
mem = self._mpu.memory
if not breakpoints:
while True:
mpu.step()
if mem[mpu.pc] in stopcodes:
break
else:
while True:
mpu.step()
pc = mpu.pc
if mem[pc] in stopcodes:
break
if pc in breakpoints:
msg = "Breakpoint %d reached."
self._output(msg % self._breakpoints.index(pc))
break
def help_radix(self):
self._output("radix [H|D|O|B]")
self._output("Set default radix to hex, decimal, octal, or binary.")
self._output("With no argument, the current radix is printed.")
def help_cycles(self):
self._output("Display the total number of cycles executed.")
def do_cycles(self, args):
self._output(str(self._mpu.processorCycles))
def do_radix(self, args):
radixes = {'Hexadecimal': 16, 'Decimal': 10, 'Octal': 8, 'Binary': 2}
if args != '':
new = args[0].lower()
changed = False
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if name[0].lower() == new:
self._address_parser.radix = radix
changed = True
if not changed:
self._output("Illegal radix: %s" % args)
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if self._address_parser.radix == radix:
self._output("Default radix is %s" % name)
def help_tilde(self):
self._output("~ <number>")
self._output("Display a number in decimal, hex, octal, and binary.")
def do_tilde(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_tilde()
try:
num = self._address_parser.number(args)
self._output("+%u" % num)
self._output("$" + self.byteFmt % num)
self._output("%04o" % num)
self._output(itoa(num, 2).zfill(8))
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % args)
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
def help_registers(self):
self._output("registers[<name>=<value> [, <name>=<value>]*]")
self._output("Assign respective registers. With no parameters,")
self._output("display register values.")
def do_registers(self, args):
if args == '':
return
pairs = re.findall('([^=,\s]*)=([^=,\s]*)', args)
if pairs == []:
return self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
for register, value in pairs:
if register not in ('pc', 'sp', 'a', 'x', 'y', 'p'):
self._output("Invalid register: %s" % register)
else:
try:
intval = self._address_parser.number(value)
except KeyError as exc: # label not found
self._output(exc.args[0])
continue
except OverflowError as exc: # wider than address space
msg = "Overflow: %r too wide for register %r"
self._output(msg % (value, register))
continue
if register != 'pc':
if intval != (intval & self.byteMask):
msg = "Overflow: %r too wide for register %r"
self._output(msg % (value, register))
continue
setattr(self._mpu, register, intval)
def help_cd(self):
self._output("cd <directory>")
self._output("Change the working directory.")
def do_cd(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_cd()
try:
os.chdir(args)
except OSError as exc:
msg = "Cannot change directory: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno,
exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
self.do_pwd()
def help_pwd(self):
self._output("Show the current working directory.")
def do_pwd(self, args=None):
cwd = os.getcwd()
self._output(cwd)
def help_load(self):
self._output("load <filename|url> <address|top>")
self._output("Load a file into memory at the specified address.")
self._output('An address of "top" loads into the top of memory.')
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are ignored.")
def do_load(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) not in (1, 2):
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
if "://" in filename:
try:
f = urlopen(filename)
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except Exception as exc:
msg = "Cannot fetch remote file: %s" % str(exc)
self._output(msg)
return
else:
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as exc:
msg = "Cannot load file: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno, exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
if len(split) == 2:
if split[1] == "top":
# load a ROM to top of memory
top_address = self.addrMask
program_size = len(bytes) // (self.byteWidth // 8)
start = top_address - program_size + 1
else:
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
else:
start = self._mpu.pc
if self.byteWidth == 8:
if isinstance(bytes, str):
bytes = map(ord, bytes)
else: # Python 3
bytes = [ b for b in bytes ]
elif self.byteWidth == 16:
def format(msb, lsb):
if isinstance(bytes, str):
return (ord(msb) << 8) + ord(lsb)
else: # Python 3
return (msb << 8) + lsb
bytes = list(map(format, bytes[0::2], bytes[1::2]))
self._fill(start, start, bytes)
def help_save(self):
self._output("save \"filename\" <start> <end>")
self._output("Save the specified memory range as a binary file.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are not written.")
def do_save(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 3:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
end = self._address_parser.number(split[2])
mem = self._mpu.memory[start:end + 1]
try:
f = open(filename, 'wb')
for m in mem:
# output each octect from msb first
for shift in range(self.byteWidth - 8, -1, -8):
f.write(bytearray([(m >> shift) & 0xff]))
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as exc:
msg = "Cannot save file: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno, exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
self._output("Saved +%d bytes to %s" % (len(mem), filename))
def help_fill(self):
self._output("fill <address_range> <data_list>")
self._output("Fill memory in the address range with the data in")
self._output("<data_list>. If the size of the address range is")
self._output("greater than the size of the data_list, the data_list ")
self._output("is repeated.")
def do_fill(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) < 2:
return self.help_fill()
try:
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
filler = list(map(self._address_parser.number, split[1:]))
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
else:
self._fill(start, end, filler)
def _fill(self, start, end, filler):
address = start
length, index = len(filler), 0
if start == end:
end = start + length - 1
if (end > self.addrMask):
end = self.addrMask
while address <= end:
address &= self.addrMask
self._mpu.memory[address] = (filler[index] & self.byteMask)
index += 1
if index == length:
index = 0
address += 1
fmt = (end - start + 1, start, end)
starttoend = "$" + self.addrFmt + " to $" + self.addrFmt
self._output(("Wrote +%d bytes from " + starttoend) % fmt)
def help_mem(self):
self._output("mem <address_range>")
self._output("Display the contents of memory.")
self._output('Range is specified like "<start:end>".')
def do_mem(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
return self.help_mem()
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
line = self.addrFmt % start + ":"
for address in range(start, end + 1):
byte = self._mpu.memory[address]
more = " " + self.byteFmt % byte
exceeded = len(line) + len(more) > self._width
if exceeded:
self._output(line)
line = self.addrFmt % address + ":"
line += more
self._output(line)
def help_add_label(self):
self._output("add_label <address> <label>")
self._output("Map a given address to a label.")
def do_add_label(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_add_label()
try:
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
else:
label = split[1]
self._address_parser.labels[label] = address
def help_show_labels(self):
self._output("show_labels")
self._output("Display current label mappings.")
def do_show_labels(self, args):
values = list(self._address_parser.labels.values())
keys = list(self._address_parser.labels.keys())
byaddress = list(zip(values, keys))
byaddress.sort()
for address, label in byaddress:
self._output(self.addrFmt % address + ": " + label)
def help_delete_label(self):
self._output("delete_label <label>")
self._output("Remove the specified label from the label tables.")
def do_delete_label(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_delete_label()
if args in self._address_parser.labels:
del self._address_parser.labels[args]
def do_width(self, args):
if args != '':
try:
new_width = int(args)
if new_width >= 10:
self._width = new_width
else:
self._output("Minimum terminal width is 10")
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal width: %s" % args)
self._output("Terminal width is %d" % self._width)
def help_width(self):
self._output("width <columns>")
self._output("Set the width used by some commands to wrap output.")
self._output("With no argument, the current width is printed.")
def do_add_breakpoint(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_add_breakpoint()
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
if address in self._breakpoints:
self._output("Breakpoint already present at $%04X" % address)
else:
self._breakpoints.append(address)
msg = "Breakpoint %d added at $%04X"
self._output(msg % (len(self._breakpoints) - 1, address))
def help_add_breakpoint(self):
self._output("add_breakpoint <address|label>")
self._output("Add a breakpoint on execution at the given address or label")
def do_delete_breakpoint(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_delete_breakpoint()
number = None
try:
number = int(split[0])
if number < 0 or number > len(self._breakpoints):
self._output("Invalid breakpoint number %d", number)
return
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal number: %s" % args)
return
if self._breakpoints[number] is not None:
self._breakpoints[number] = None
self._output("Breakpoint %d removed" % number)
else:
self._output("Breakpoint %d already removed" % number)
def help_delete_breakpoint(self):
self._output("delete_breakpoint <number>")
self._output("Delete the breakpoint on execution marked by the given number")
def do_show_breakpoints(self, args):
for i, address in enumerate(self._breakpoints):
if address is not None:
bpinfo = "Breakpoint %d: $%04X" % (i, address)
label = self._address_parser.label_for(address)
if label is not None:
bpinfo += " " + label
self._output(bpinfo)
def help_show_breakpoints(self):
self._output("show_breakpoints")
self._output("Lists the currently assigned breakpoints")
def _reset(self, mpu_type):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self._install_mpu_observers()
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
class Monitor(cmd.Cmd):
def __init__(self,
mpu_type=NMOS6502,
completekey='tab',
stdin=None,
stdout=None):
self._reset(mpu_type)
self._width = 78
self._update_prompt()
self._add_shortcuts()
cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey, stdin, stdout)
def onecmd(self, line):
line = self._preprocess_line(line)
result = None
try:
result = cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self._output("Interrupt")
except Exception as e:
(file, fun, line), t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback()
error = 'Error: %s, %s: file: %s line: %s' % (t, v, file, line)
self._output(error)
self._update_prompt()
return result
def _reset(self, mpu_type):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self._install_mpu_observers()
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def _add_shortcuts(self):
self._shortcuts = {
'~': 'tilde',
'?': 'help',
'a': 'assemble',
'al': 'add_label',
'd': 'disassemble',
'dl': 'delete_label',
'f': 'fill',
'>': 'fill',
'g': 'goto',
'l': 'load',
'm': 'mem',
'r': 'registers',
'ret': 'return',
'rad': 'radix',
's': 'save',
'shl': 'show_labels',
'x': 'quit',
'z': 'step'
}
def _preprocess_line(self, line):
# line comments
quoted = False
for pos, char in enumerate(line):
if char in ('"', "'"):
quoted = not quoted
if (not quoted) and (char == ';'):
line = line[:pos]
break
# whitespace & leading dots
line = line.strip(' \t').lstrip('.')
# special case for vice compatibility
if line.startswith('~'):
line = self._shortcuts['~'] + ' ' + line[1:]
# command shortcuts
for shortcut, command in self._shortcuts.items():
if line == shortcut:
line = command
break
pattern = '^%s\s+' % re.escape(shortcut)
matches = re.match(pattern, line)
if matches:
start, end = matches.span()
line = "%s %s" % (command, line[end:])
break
return line
def _install_mpu_observers(self):
def putc(address, value):
self.stdout.write(chr(value))
self.stdout.flush()
def getc(address):
char = console.getch_noblock(self.stdin)
if char:
byte = ord(char)
else:
byte = 0
return byte
m = ObservableMemory()
#m.subscribe_to_write([0xF001], putc)
#m.subscribe_to_read([0xF004], getc)
self._mpu.memory = m
def _update_prompt(self):
self.prompt = "\n%s\n." % repr(self._mpu)
def _output(self, stuff):
if stuff is not None:
self.stdout.write(stuff + "\n")
def do_help(self, args):
args = self._shortcuts.get(args.strip(), args)
return cmd.Cmd.do_help(self, args)
def help_version(self):
self._output("version\t\tDisplay Py65 version information.")
def do_version(self, args):
self._output("\nPy65 Monitor")
def help_help(self):
self._output("help\t\tPrint a list of available actions.")
self._output("help <action>\tPrint help for <action>.")
def help_reset(self):
self._output("reset\t\tReset the microprocessor")
def do_reset(self, args):
klass = self._mpu.__class__
self._reset(mpu_type=klass)
def do_mpu(self, args):
mpus = {'6502': NMOS6502, '65C02': CMOS65C02}
def available_mpus():
mpu_list = ', '.join(list(mpus.keys()))
self._output("Available MPUs: %s" % mpu_list)
if args == '':
self._output("Current MPU is %s" % self._mpu.name)
available_mpus()
else:
requested = args.upper()
new_mpu = mpus.get(requested, None)
if new_mpu is None:
self._output("Unknown MPU: %s" % args)
available_mpus()
else:
self._reset(new_mpu)
self._output("Reset with new MPU %s" % self._mpu.name)
def help_mpu(self):
self._output("mpu\t\tPrint available microprocessors.")
self._output("mpu <type>\tSelect a new microprocessor.")
def do_EOF(self, args):
self._output('')
return 1
def help_EOF(self):
self._output("To quit, type ^D or use the quit command.")
def do_quit(self, args):
return self.do_EOF(args)
def help_quit(self):
return self.help_EOF()
def do_assemble(self, args):
split = args.split(None, 1)
if len(split) != 2:
return self._interactive_assemble(args)
start, statement = split
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(start)
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % start)
return
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(statement, start)
if bytes is None:
self._output("Assemble failed: %s" % statement)
else:
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
self.do_disassemble('%04x:%04x' % (start, end))
def help_assemble(self):
self._output("assemble <address> <statement>")
self._output("Assemble a statement at the address.")
def _interactive_assemble(self, args):
if args == '':
start = self._mpu.pc
else:
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(args)
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % start)
return
assembling = True
while assembling:
prompt = "\r$%04x " % (start)
line = console.line_input(prompt,
stdin=self.stdin,
stdout=self.stdout)
if not line:
self.stdout.write("\n")
return
# assemble into memory
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(line)
if bytes is None:
self.stdout.write("\r$%04x ???\n" % start)
continue
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
# print disassembly
bytes, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(start)
disassembly = self._format_disassembly(start, bytes, disasm)
self.stdout.write("\r" + (' ' * (len(prompt + line) + 5)) + "\r")
self.stdout.write(disassembly + "\n")
start += bytes
def do_disassemble(self, args):
start, end = self._address_parser.range(args)
if start == end:
end += 1
address = start
while address < end:
bytes, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(address)
self._output(self._format_disassembly(address, bytes, disasm))
address += bytes
def _format_disassembly(self, address, bytes, disasm):
mem = ''
for byte in self._mpu.memory[address:address + bytes]:
mem += '%02x ' % byte
return "$%04x %-10s%s" % (address, mem, disasm)
def help_disassemble(self):
self._output("disassemble <address_range>")
self._output("Disassemble instructions in the address range.")
def help_step(self):
self._output("step")
self._output("Single-step through instructions.")
def do_step(self, args):
self._mpu.step()
self.do_disassemble('%04x' % self._mpu.pc)
def help_return(self):
self._output("return")
self._output("Continues execution and returns to the monitor just")
self._output("before the next RTS or RTI is executed.")
def do_return(self, args):
returns = [0x60, 0x40] # RTS, RTI
self._run(stopcodes=returns)
def help_goto(self):
self._output("goto <address>")
self._output("Change the PC to address and continue execution.")
def do_goto(self, args):
self._mpu.pc = self._address_parser.number(args)
brks = [0x00] # BRK
self._run(stopcodes=brks)
def _run(self, stopcodes=[]):
last_instruct = None
while last_instruct not in stopcodes:
self._mpu.step()
last_instruct = self._mpu.memory[self._mpu.pc]
def help_radix(self):
self._output("radix [H|D|O|B]")
self._output(
"Set the default radix to hex, decimal, octal, or binary.")
self._output("With no argument, the current radix is printed.")
def help_cycles(self):
self._output("Display the total number of cycles executed.")
def do_cycles(self, args):
self._output(str(self._mpu.processorCycles))
def do_radix(self, args):
radixes = {'Hexadecimal': 16, 'Decimal': 10, 'Octal': 8, 'Binary': 2}
if args != '':
new = args[0].lower()
changed = False
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if name[0].lower() == new:
self._address_parser.radix = radix
changed = True
if not changed:
self._output("Illegal radix: %s" % args)
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if self._address_parser.radix == radix:
self._output("Default radix is %s" % name)
def help_tilde(self):
self._output("~ <number>")
self._output(
"Display the specified number in decimal, hex, octal, and binary.")
def do_tilde(self, args):
try:
num = self._address_parser.number(args)
except ValueError:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
self._output("+%u" % num)
self._output("$%02x" % num)
self._output("%04o" % num)
self._output(itoa(num, 2).zfill(8))
def help_registers(self):
self._output(
"registers[<reg_name> = <number> [, <reg_name> = <number>]*]")
self._output("Assign respective registers. With no parameters,")
self._output("display register values.")
def do_registers(self, args):
if args == '':
return
pairs = re.findall('([^=,\s]*)=([^=,\s]*)', args)
if pairs == []:
return self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
for register, value in pairs:
if register not in ('pc', 'sp', 'a', 'x', 'y', 'p'):
self._output("Invalid register: %s" % register)
else:
try:
intval = self._address_parser.number(value) & 0xFFFF
if len(register) == 1:
intval &= 0xFF
setattr(self._mpu, register, intval)
except KeyError as why:
self._output(str(why))
def help_cd(self, args):
self._output("cd <directory>")
self._output("Change the working directory.")
def do_cd(self, args):
try:
os.chdir(args)
except OSError as why:
msg = "Cannot change directory: [%d] %s" % (why.errno,
why.strerror)
self._output(msg)
self.do_pwd()
def help_pwd(self):
self._output("Show the current working directory.")
def do_pwd(self, args=None):
cwd = os.getcwd()
self._output(cwd)
def help_load(self):
self._output("load \"filename\" <address>")
self._output(
"Load the specified file into memory at the specified address.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are ignored.")
def do_load(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) > 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
if len(split) == 2:
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
else:
start = self._mpu.pc
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as why:
msg = "Cannot load file: [%d] %s" % (why[0], why[1])
self._output(msg)
return
# self._fill(start, start, list(map(ord, bytes)))
self._fill(start, start, list(bytes))
def do_save(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 3:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
end = self._address_parser.number(split[2])
bytes = bytearray(self._mpu.memory[start:end + 1])
try:
f = open(filename, 'wb')
f.write(bytes)
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as why:
msg = "Cannot save file: [%d] %s" % (why.errno, why.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
self._output("Saved +%d bytes to %s" % (len(bytes), filename))
def help_save(self):
self._output("save \"filename\" <start> <end>")
self._output(
"Save the specified memory range to disk as a binary file.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are not written.")
def help_fill(self):
self._output("fill <address_range> <data_list>")
self._output(
"Fill memory in the specified address range with the data in")
self._output(
"<data_list>. If the size of the address range is greater")
self._output(
"than the size of the data_list, the data_list is repeated.")
def do_fill(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) < 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
filler = list(map(self._address_parser.number, split[1:]))
self._fill(start, end, filler)
def _fill(self, start, end, filler):
address = start
length, index = len(filler), 0
if start == end:
end = start + length - 1
if (end > 0xFFFF):
end = 0xFFFF
while address <= end:
address &= 0xFFFF
self._mpu.memory[address] = (filler[index] & 0xFF)
index += 1
if index == length:
index = 0
address += 1
fmt = (end - start + 1, start, end)
self._output("Wrote +%d bytes from $%04x to $%04x" % fmt)
def help_mem(self):
self._output("mem <address_range>")
self._output("Display the contents of memory.")
def do_mem(self, args):
start, end = self._address_parser.range(args)
line = "%04x:" % start
for address in range(start, end + 1):
byte = self._mpu.memory[address]
more = " %02x" % byte
exceeded = len(line) + len(more) > self._width
if exceeded:
self._output(line)
line = "%04x:" % address
line += more
self._output(line)
def help_add_label(self):
self._output("add_label <address> <label>")
self._output("Map a given address to a label.")
def do_add_label(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
label = split[1]
self._address_parser.labels[label] = address
def help_show_labels(self):
self._output("show_labels")
self._output("Display current label mappings.")
def do_show_labels(self, args):
values = list(self._address_parser.labels.values())
keys = list(self._address_parser.labels.keys())
byaddress = list(zip(values, keys))
byaddress.sort()
for address, label in byaddress:
self._output("%04x: %s" % (address, label))
def help_delete_label(self):
self._output("delete_label <label>")
self._output("Remove the specified label from the label tables.")
def do_delete_label(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_delete_label()
try:
del self._address_parser.labels[args]
except KeyError:
pass
def do_width(self, args):
if args != '':
try:
new_width = int(args)
if new_width >= 10:
self._width = new_width
else:
self._output("Minimum terminal width is 10")
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal width: %s" % args)
self._output("Terminal width is %d" % self._width)
def help_width(self):
self._output("width <columns>")
self._output("Set the width used by some commands to wrap output.")
self._output("With no argument, the current width is printed.")
class Monitor(cmd.Cmd):
Microprocessors = {'6502': NMOS6502, '65C02': CMOS65C02,
'65Org16': V65Org16}
def __init__(self, mpu_type=NMOS6502, completekey='tab', stdin=None,
stdout=None, argv=None):
self.mpu_type = mpu_type
self.putc_addr = 0xF001
self.getc_addr = 0xF004
if argv is None:
argv = sys.argv
self._breakpoints = []
self._width = 78
self.prompt = "."
self._add_shortcuts()
cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey, stdin, stdout)
self._parse_args(argv)
self._reset(self.mpu_type,self.getc_addr,self.putc_addr)
def _parse_args(self, argv):
try:
shortopts = 'hi:o:m:l:r:g:'
longopts = ['help', 'mpu=', 'input=', 'output=', 'load=', 'rom=', 'goto=']
options, args = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], shortopts, longopts)
except getopt.GetoptError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0])
self._usage()
self._exit(1)
load = None
rom = None
goto = None
mpu = None
for opt, value in options:
if opt in ('-i', '--input'):
self.getc_addr = int(value, 16)
if opt in ('-o', '--output'):
self.putc_addr = int(value, 16)
if opt in ('-l', '--load'):
load = value
if opt in ('-r', '--rom'):
rom = value
if opt in ('-g', '--goto'):
goto = value
if opt in ('-m', '--mpu'):
mpu = value
elif opt in ("-h", "--help"):
self._usage()
self._exit(0)
if (mpu is not None) or (rom is not None):
if mpu is None:
mpu = "6502"
if self._get_mpu(mpu) is None:
mpus = list(self.Microprocessors.keys())
mpus.sort()
msg = "Fatal: no such MPU. Available MPUs: %s"
self._output(msg % ', '.join(mpus))
sys.exit(1)
cmd = "mpu %s" % mpu
self.onecmd(cmd)
if load is not None:
cmd = "load %s" % load
self.onecmd(cmd)
if goto is not None:
cmd = "goto %s" % goto
self.onecmd(cmd)
if rom is not None:
# load a ROM and run from the reset vector
cmd = "load '%s' top" % rom
self.onecmd(cmd)
physMask = self._mpu.memory.physMask
reset = self._mpu.RESET & physMask
dest = self._mpu.memory[reset] + \
(self._mpu.memory[reset + 1] << self.byteWidth)
cmd = "goto %08x" % dest
self.onecmd(cmd)
def _usage(self):
usage = __doc__ % sys.argv[0]
self._output(usage)
def onecmd(self, line):
line = self._preprocess_line(line)
result = None
try:
result = cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self._output("Interrupt")
except Exception:
(file, fun, line), t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback()
error = 'Error: %s, %s: file: %s line: %s' % (t, v, file, line)
self._output(error)
if not line.startswith("quit"):
self._output_mpu_status()
return result
def _reset(self, mpu_type,getc_addr=0xF004,putc_addr=0xF001):
self._mpu = mpu_type()
self.addrWidth = self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH
self.byteWidth = self._mpu.BYTE_WIDTH
self.addrFmt = self._mpu.ADDR_FORMAT
self.byteFmt = self._mpu.BYTE_FORMAT
self.addrMask = self._mpu.addrMask
self.byteMask = self._mpu.byteMask
self._install_mpu_observers(getc_addr,putc_addr)
self._address_parser = AddressParser()
self._disassembler = Disassembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
self._assembler = Assembler(self._mpu, self._address_parser)
def _add_shortcuts(self):
self._shortcuts = {'EOF': 'quit',
'~': 'tilde',
'a': 'assemble',
'ab': 'add_breakpoint',
'al': 'add_label',
'd': 'disassemble',
'db': 'delete_breakpoint',
'dl': 'delete_label',
'exit': 'quit',
'f': 'fill',
'>': 'fill',
'g': 'goto',
'h': 'help',
'?': 'help',
'l': 'load',
'm': 'mem',
'q': 'quit',
'r': 'registers',
'ret': 'return',
'rad': 'radix',
's': 'save',
'shb': 'show_breakpoints',
'shl': 'show_labels',
'x': 'quit',
'z': 'step'}
def _preprocess_line(self, line):
# line comments
quoted = False
for pos, char in enumerate(line):
if char in ('"', "'"):
quoted = not quoted
if (not quoted) and (char == ';'):
line = line[:pos]
break
# whitespace & leading dots
line = line.strip(' \t').lstrip('.')
# special case for vice compatibility
if line.startswith('~'):
line = self._shortcuts['~'] + ' ' + line[1:]
# command shortcuts
for shortcut, command in self._shortcuts.items():
if line == shortcut:
line = command
break
pattern = '^%s\s+' % re.escape(shortcut)
matches = re.match(pattern, line)
if matches:
start, end = matches.span()
line = "%s %s" % (command, line[end:])
break
return line
def _get_mpu(self, name):
requested = name.lower()
mpu = None
for key, klass in self.Microprocessors.items():
if key.lower() == requested:
mpu = klass
break
return mpu
def _install_mpu_observers(self,getc_addr,putc_addr):
def putc(address, value):
try:
self.stdout.write(chr(value))
except UnicodeEncodeError: # Python 3
self.stdout.write("?")
self.stdout.flush()
def getc(address):
char = console.getch_noblock(self.stdin)
if char:
byte = ord(char)
else:
byte = 0
return byte
m = ObservableMemory(addrWidth=self.addrWidth)
m.subscribe_to_write([self.putc_addr], putc)
m.subscribe_to_read([self.getc_addr], getc)
self._mpu.memory = m
def _output_mpu_status(self):
self._output("\n" + repr(self._mpu))
def _output(self, stuff):
self.stdout.write("%s\n" % stuff)
def _exit(self, exitcode=0):
sys.exit(exitcode)
def do_help(self, args):
args = self._shortcuts.get(args.strip(), args)
return cmd.Cmd.do_help(self, args)
def help_version(self):
self._output("version\t\tDisplay Py65 version information.")
def do_version(self, args):
self._output("\nPy65 Monitor")
def help_help(self):
self._output("help\t\tPrint a list of available actions.")
self._output("help <action>\tPrint help for <action>.")
def help_reset(self):
self._output("reset\t\tReset the microprocessor")
def do_reset(self, args):
klass = self._mpu.__class__
self._reset(mpu_type=klass)
def do_mpu(self, args):
def available_mpus():
mpus = list(self.Microprocessors.keys())
mpus.sort()
self._output("Available MPUs: %s" % ', '.join(mpus))
if args == '':
self._output("Current MPU is %s" % self._mpu.name)
available_mpus()
else:
new_mpu = self._get_mpu(args)
if new_mpu is None:
self._output("Unknown MPU: %s" % args)
available_mpus()
else:
self._reset(new_mpu,self.getc_addr,self.putc_addr)
self._output("Reset with new MPU %s" % self._mpu.name)
def help_mpu(self):
self._output("mpu\t\tPrint available microprocessors.")
self._output("mpu <type>\tSelect a new microprocessor.")
def do_quit(self, args):
self._output('')
return 1
def help_quit(self):
self._output("To quit, type ^D or use the quit command.")
def do_assemble(self, args):
splitted = args.split(None, 1)
if len(splitted) != 2:
return self._interactive_assemble(args)
statement = splitted[1]
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(splitted[0])
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(statement, start)
end = start + len(bytes)
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
self.do_disassemble(self.addrFmt % start)
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
except SyntaxError:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % statement)
def help_assemble(self):
self._output("assemble\t\t\t"
"Start interactive assembly at the program counter.")
self._output("assemble <address>\t\t"
"Start interactive assembly at the address.")
self._output("assemble <address> <statement>\t"
"Assemble a statement at the address.")
def _interactive_assemble(self, args):
if args == '':
start = self._mpu.pc
else:
try:
start = self._address_parser.number(args)
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
return
while True:
prompt = "\r$" + (self.addrFmt % start) + " " + \
(" " * int(1 + self.byteWidth / 4) * 3)
line = console.line_input(prompt,
stdin=self.stdin, stdout=self.stdout)
if not line.strip():
self.stdout.write("\n")
return
# assemble into memory
try:
bytes = self._assembler.assemble(line, pc=start)
numbytes = len(bytes)
end = start + numbytes
self._mpu.memory[start:end] = bytes
# print disassembly
_, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(start)
fdisasm = self._format_disassembly(start, numbytes, disasm)
indent = ' ' * (len(prompt + line) + 5)
self.stdout.write("\r" + indent + "\r")
self.stdout.write(fdisasm + "\n")
# advance to next address
start += numbytes
if start >= (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH):
start = 0
except KeyError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Label\n" % addr)
except OverflowError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Overflow\n" % addr)
except SyntaxError:
addr = self.addrFmt % start
self.stdout.write("\r$%s ?Syntax\n" % addr)
def do_disassemble(self, args):
splitted = shlex.split(args)
if len(splitted) != 1:
return self.help_disassemble()
address_parts = splitted[0].split(":")
start = self._address_parser.number(address_parts[0])
if len(address_parts) > 1:
end = self._address_parser.number(address_parts[1])
else:
end = start
max_address = (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH) - 1
cur_address = start
needs_wrap = start > end
while needs_wrap or cur_address <= end:
length, disasm = self._disassembler.instruction_at(cur_address)
self._output(self._format_disassembly(cur_address, length, disasm))
remaining = length
while remaining:
remaining -= 1
cur_address += 1
if start > end and cur_address > max_address:
needs_wrap = False
cur_address = 0
def _format_disassembly(self, address, length, disasm):
cur_address = address
max_address = (2 ** self._mpu.ADDR_WIDTH) - 1
bytes_remaining = length
dump = ''
while bytes_remaining:
if cur_address > max_address:
cur_address = 0
dump += self.byteFmt % self._mpu.memory[cur_address] + " "
cur_address += 1
bytes_remaining -= 1
fieldwidth = 1 + int(1 + self.byteWidth / 4) * 3
fieldfmt = "%%-%ds" % fieldwidth
return "$" + self.addrFmt % address + " " + fieldfmt % dump + disasm
def help_disassemble(self):
self._output("disassemble <address_range>")
self._output("Disassemble instructions in the address range.")
self._output('Range is specified like "<start>:<end>".')
def help_step(self):
self._output("step")
self._output("Single-step through instructions.")
def do_step(self, args):
self._mpu.step()
self.do_disassemble(self.addrFmt % self._mpu.pc)
def help_return(self):
self._output("return")
self._output("Continues execution and returns to the monitor just")
self._output("before the next RTS or RTI is executed.")
def do_return(self, args):
returns = [0x60, 0x40] # RTS, RTI
self._run(stopcodes=returns)
def help_goto(self):
self._output("goto <address>")
self._output("Change the PC to address and continue execution.")
def do_goto(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_goto()
self._mpu.pc = self._address_parser.number(args)
brks = [0x00] # BRK
self._run(stopcodes=brks)
def _run(self, stopcodes):
stopcodes = set(stopcodes)
breakpoints = set(self._breakpoints)
mpu = self._mpu
mem = self._mpu.memory
if not breakpoints:
while True:
mpu.step()
if mem[mpu.pc] in stopcodes:
break
else:
while True:
mpu.step()
pc = mpu.pc
if mem[pc] in stopcodes:
break
if pc in breakpoints:
msg = "Breakpoint %d reached."
self._output(msg % self._breakpoints.index(pc))
break
def help_radix(self):
self._output("radix [H|D|O|B]")
self._output("Set default radix to hex, decimal, octal, or binary.")
self._output("With no argument, the current radix is printed.")
def help_cycles(self):
self._output("Display the total number of cycles executed.")
def do_cycles(self, args):
self._output(str(self._mpu.processorCycles))
def do_radix(self, args):
radixes = {'Hexadecimal': 16, 'Decimal': 10, 'Octal': 8, 'Binary': 2}
if args != '':
new = args[0].lower()
changed = False
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if name[0].lower() == new:
self._address_parser.radix = radix
changed = True
if not changed:
self._output("Illegal radix: %s" % args)
for name, radix in radixes.items():
if self._address_parser.radix == radix:
self._output("Default radix is %s" % name)
def help_tilde(self):
self._output("~ <number>")
self._output("Display a number in decimal, hex, octal, and binary.")
def do_tilde(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_tilde()
try:
num = self._address_parser.number(args)
self._output("+%u" % num)
self._output("$" + self.byteFmt % num)
self._output("%04o" % num)
self._output(itoa(num, 2).zfill(8))
except KeyError:
self._output("Bad label: %s" % args)
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
def help_registers(self):
self._output("registers[<name>=<value> [, <name>=<value>]*]")
self._output("Assign respective registers. With no parameters,")
self._output("display register values.")
def do_registers(self, args):
if args == '':
return
pairs = re.findall('([^=,\s]*)=([^=,\s]*)', args)
if pairs == []:
return self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
for register, value in pairs:
if register not in ('pc', 'sp', 'a', 'x', 'y', 'p'):
self._output("Invalid register: %s" % register)
else:
try:
intval = self._address_parser.number(value)
except KeyError as exc: # label not found
self._output(exc.args[0])
continue
except OverflowError as exc: # wider than address space
msg = "Overflow: %r too wide for register %r"
self._output(msg % (value, register))
continue
if register != 'pc':
if intval != (intval & self.byteMask):
msg = "Overflow: %r too wide for register %r"
self._output(msg % (value, register))
continue
setattr(self._mpu, register, intval)
def help_cd(self):
self._output("cd <directory>")
self._output("Change the working directory.")
def do_cd(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_cd()
try:
os.chdir(args)
except OSError as exc:
msg = "Cannot change directory: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno,
exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
self.do_pwd()
def help_pwd(self):
self._output("Show the current working directory.")
def do_pwd(self, args=None):
cwd = os.getcwd()
self._output(cwd)
def help_load(self):
self._output("load <filename|url> <address|top>")
self._output("Load a file into memory at the specified address.")
self._output('An address of "top" loads into the top of memory.')
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are ignored.")
def do_load(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) not in (1, 2):
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
if "://" in filename:
try:
f = urlopen(filename)
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except Exception as exc:
msg = "Cannot fetch remote file: %s" % str(exc)
self._output(msg)
return
else:
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
bytes = f.read()
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as exc:
msg = "Cannot load file: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno, exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
if len(split) == 2:
if split[1] == "top":
# load a ROM to top of memory
top_address = self.addrMask
program_size = len(bytes) // (self.byteWidth // 8)
start = top_address - program_size + 1
else:
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
else:
start = self._mpu.pc
if self.byteWidth == 8:
if isinstance(bytes, str):
bytes = map(ord, bytes)
else: # Python 3
bytes = [ b for b in bytes ]
elif self.byteWidth == 16:
def format(msb, lsb):
if isinstance(bytes, str):
return (ord(msb) << 8) + ord(lsb)
else: # Python 3
return (msb << 8) + lsb
bytes = list(map(format, bytes[0::2], bytes[1::2]))
self._fill(start, start, bytes)
def help_save(self):
self._output("save \"filename\" <start> <end>")
self._output("Save the specified memory range as a binary file.")
self._output("Commodore-style load address bytes are not written.")
def do_save(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 3:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return
filename = split[0]
start = self._address_parser.number(split[1])
end = self._address_parser.number(split[2])
mem = self._mpu.memory[start:end + 1]
try:
f = open(filename, 'wb')
for m in mem:
# output each octect from msb first
for shift in range(self.byteWidth - 8, -1, -8):
f.write(bytearray([(m >> shift) & 0xff]))
f.close()
except (OSError, IOError) as exc:
msg = "Cannot save file: [%d] %s" % (exc.errno, exc.strerror)
self._output(msg)
return
self._output("Saved +%d bytes to %s" % (len(mem), filename))
def help_fill(self):
self._output("fill <address_range> <data_list>")
self._output("Fill memory in the address range with the data in")
self._output("<data_list>. If the size of the address range is")
self._output("greater than the size of the data_list, the data_list ")
self._output("is repeated.")
def do_fill(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) < 2:
return self.help_fill()
try:
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
filler = list(map(self._address_parser.number, split[1:]))
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
else:
self._fill(start, end, filler)
def _fill(self, start, end, filler):
address = start
length, index = len(filler), 0
if start == end:
end = start + length - 1
if (end > self.addrMask):
end = self.addrMask
while address <= end:
address &= self.addrMask
self._mpu.memory[address] = (filler[index] & self.byteMask)
index += 1
if index == length:
index = 0
address += 1
fmt = (end - start + 1, start, end)
starttoend = "$" + self.addrFmt + " to $" + self.addrFmt
self._output(("Wrote +%d bytes from " + starttoend) % fmt)
def help_mem(self):
self._output("mem <address_range>")
self._output("Display the contents of memory.")
self._output('Range is specified like "<start:end>".')
def do_mem(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
return self.help_mem()
start, end = self._address_parser.range(split[0])
line = self.addrFmt % start + ":"
for address in range(start, end + 1):
byte = self._mpu.memory[address]
more = " " + self.byteFmt % byte
exceeded = len(line) + len(more) > self._width
if exceeded:
self._output(line)
line = self.addrFmt % address + ":"
line += more
self._output(line)
def help_add_label(self):
self._output("add_label <address> <label>")
self._output("Map a given address to a label.")
def do_add_label(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 2:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_add_label()
try:
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
except KeyError as exc:
self._output(exc.args[0]) # "Label not found: foo"
except OverflowError:
self._output("Overflow error: %s" % args)
else:
label = split[1]
self._address_parser.labels[label] = address
def help_show_labels(self):
self._output("show_labels")
self._output("Display current label mappings.")
def do_show_labels(self, args):
values = list(self._address_parser.labels.values())
keys = list(self._address_parser.labels.keys())
byaddress = list(zip(values, keys))
byaddress.sort()
for address, label in byaddress:
self._output(self.addrFmt % address + ": " + label)
def help_delete_label(self):
self._output("delete_label <label>")
self._output("Remove the specified label from the label tables.")
def do_delete_label(self, args):
if args == '':
return self.help_delete_label()
if args in self._address_parser.labels:
del self._address_parser.labels[args]
def do_width(self, args):
if args != '':
try:
new_width = int(args)
if new_width >= 10:
self._width = new_width
else:
self._output("Minimum terminal width is 10")
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal width: %s" % args)
self._output("Terminal width is %d" % self._width)
def help_width(self):
self._output("width <columns>")
self._output("Set the width used by some commands to wrap output.")
self._output("With no argument, the current width is printed.")
def do_add_breakpoint(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_add_breakpoint()
address = self._address_parser.number(split[0])
if address in self._breakpoints:
self._output("Breakpoint already present at $%04X" % address)
else:
self._breakpoints.append(address)
msg = "Breakpoint %d added at $%04X"
self._output(msg % (len(self._breakpoints) - 1, address))
def help_add_breakpoint(self):
self._output("add_breakpoint <address|label>")
self._output("Add a breakpoint on execution at the given address or label")
def do_delete_breakpoint(self, args):
split = shlex.split(args)
if len(split) != 1:
self._output("Syntax error: %s" % args)
return self.help_delete_breakpoint()
number = None
try:
number = int(split[0])
if number < 0 or number > len(self._breakpoints):
self._output("Invalid breakpoint number %d", number)
return
except ValueError:
self._output("Illegal number: %s" % args)
return
if self._breakpoints[number] is not None:
self._breakpoints[number] = None
self._output("Breakpoint %d removed" % number)
else:
self._output("Breakpoint %d already removed" % number)
def help_delete_breakpoint(self):
self._output("delete_breakpoint <number>")
self._output("Delete the breakpoint on execution marked by the given number")
def do_show_breakpoints(self, args):
for i, address in enumerate(self._breakpoints):
if address is not None:
bpinfo = "Breakpoint %d: $%04X" % (i, address)
label = self._address_parser.label_for(address)
if label is not None:
bpinfo += " " + label
self._output(bpinfo)
def help_show_breakpoints(self):
self._output("show_breakpoints")
self._output("Lists the currently assigned breakpoints")
