def _construct_UI(self):
self.but_log = PushButton("dB", checked=False)
self.but_log.setObjectName("but_log")
self.but_log.setToolTip("Logarithmic scale")
self.but_plot_in_UC = PushButton("|z| < 1 ", checked=False)
self.but_plot_in_UC.setObjectName("but_plot_in_UC")
self.but_plot_in_UC.setToolTip("Only plot H(z) within the unit circle")
self.lblBottom = QLabel(to_html("Bottom =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledBottom = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledBottom.setObjectName("ledBottom")
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.ledBottom.setToolTip("Minimum display value.")
self.lblBottomdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.lblTop = QLabel(to_html("Top =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledTop = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledTop.setObjectName("ledTop")
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.ledTop.setToolTip("Maximum display value.")
self.lblTopdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.plt_UC = PushButton("UC", checked=True)
self.plt_UC.setObjectName("plt_UC")
self.plt_UC.setToolTip("Plot unit circle")
self.but_PZ = PushButton("P/Z ", checked=True)
self.but_PZ.setObjectName("but_PZ")
self.but_PZ.setToolTip("Plot poles and zeros")
self.but_Hf = PushButton("H(f) ", checked=True)
self.but_Hf.setObjectName("but_Hf")
self.but_Hf.setToolTip("Plot H(f) along the unit circle")
modes = ['None', 'Mesh', 'Surf', 'Contour']
self.cmbMode3D = QComboBox(self)
self.cmbMode3D.addItems(modes)
self.cmbMode3D.setObjectName("cmbShow3D")
self.cmbMode3D.setToolTip("Select 3D-plot mode.")
self.cmbMode3D.setCurrentIndex(0)
self.cmbMode3D.setSizeAdjustPolicy(QComboBox.AdjustToContents)
self.but_colormap_r = PushButton("reverse", checked=True)
self.but_colormap_r.setObjectName("but_colormap_r")
self.but_colormap_r.setToolTip("reverse colormap")
self.cmbColormap = QComboBox(self)
self._init_cmb_colormap(cmap_init=self.cmap_default)
self.cmbColormap.setToolTip("Select colormap")
self.but_colbar = PushButton("Colorbar ", checked=False)
self.but_colbar.setObjectName("chkColBar")
self.but_colbar.setToolTip("Show colorbar")
self.but_lighting = PushButton("Lighting", checked=False)
self.but_lighting.setObjectName("but_lighting")
self.but_lighting.setToolTip("Enable light source")
self.lblAlpha = QLabel(to_html("Alpha", frmt='bi'), self)
self.diaAlpha = QDial(self)
self.diaAlpha.setRange(0, 10)
self.diaAlpha.setValue(10)
self.diaAlpha.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaAlpha.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaAlpha.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaAlpha.setWrapping(False)
self.diaAlpha.setToolTip(
"<span>Set transparency for surf and contour plots.</span>")
self.lblHatch = QLabel(to_html("Stride", frmt='bi'), self)
self.diaHatch = QDial(self)
self.diaHatch.setRange(0, 9)
self.diaHatch.setValue(5)
self.diaHatch.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaHatch.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaHatch.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaHatch.setWrapping(False)
self.diaHatch.setToolTip("Set line density for various plots.")
self.but_contour_2d = PushButton("Contour2D ", checked=False)
self.but_contour_2d.setObjectName("chkContour2D")
self.but_contour_2d.setToolTip("Plot 2D-contours at z =0")
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LAYOUT for UI widgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
layGControls = QGridLayout()
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_log, 0, 0)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_plot_in_UC, 1, 0)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblTop, 0, 2)
layGControls.addWidget(self.ledTop, 0, 4)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblTopdB, 0, 5)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblBottom, 1, 2)
layGControls.addWidget(self.ledBottom, 1, 4)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblBottomdB, 1, 5)
layGControls.setColumnStretch(5, 1)
layGControls.addWidget(self.plt_UC, 0, 6)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_Hf, 1, 6)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_PZ, 0, 8)
layGControls.addWidget(self.cmbMode3D, 0, 10)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_contour_2d, 1, 10)
layGControls.addWidget(self.cmbColormap, 0, 12, 1, 1)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_colormap_r, 1, 12)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_lighting, 0, 14)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_colbar, 1, 14)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblAlpha, 0, 15)
layGControls.addWidget(self.diaAlpha, 0, 16)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblHatch, 1, 15)
layGControls.addWidget(self.diaHatch, 1, 16)
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layGControls)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# mplwidget
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is the plot pane widget, encompassing the other widgets
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['mpl_margins'])
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.setEnabled(True)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.info = "manual/plot_3d.html"
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self._init_grid() # initialize grid and do initial plot
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.but_log.clicked.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledBottom.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledTop.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.but_plot_in_UC.clicked.connect(self._init_grid)
self.plt_UC.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_Hf.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_PZ.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.cmbMode3D.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_colbar.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.cmbColormap.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_colormap_r.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_lighting.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.diaAlpha.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.diaHatch.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_contour_2d.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
class Plot_3D(QWidget):
"""
Class for various 3D-plots:
- lin / log line plot of H(f)
- lin / log surf plot of H(z)
- optional display of poles / zeros
"""
# incoming, connected in sender widget (locally connected to self.process_sig_rx() )
sig_rx = pyqtSignal(object)
# sig_tx = pyqtSignal(object) # outgoing from process_signals
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.zmin = 0
self.zmax = 4
self.zmin_dB = -80
self.cmap_default = 'RdYlBu'
self.data_changed = True # flag whether data has changed
self.tool_tip = "3D magnitude response |H(z)|"
self.tab_label = "3D"
self._construct_UI()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def process_sig_rx(self, dict_sig=None):
"""
Process signals coming from the navigation toolbar and from ``sig_rx``
"""
# logger.debug("Processing {0} | data_changed = {1}, visible = {2}"\
# .format(dict_sig, self.data_changed, self.isVisible()))
if self.isVisible():
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig or 'home' in dict_sig or self.data_changed:
self.draw()
self.data_changed = False
else:
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig:
self.data_changed = True
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _construct_UI(self):
self.but_log = PushButton("dB", checked=False)
self.but_log.setObjectName("but_log")
self.but_log.setToolTip("Logarithmic scale")
self.but_plot_in_UC = PushButton("|z| < 1 ", checked=False)
self.but_plot_in_UC.setObjectName("but_plot_in_UC")
self.but_plot_in_UC.setToolTip("Only plot H(z) within the unit circle")
self.lblBottom = QLabel(to_html("Bottom =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledBottom = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledBottom.setObjectName("ledBottom")
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.ledBottom.setToolTip("Minimum display value.")
self.lblBottomdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.lblTop = QLabel(to_html("Top =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledTop = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledTop.setObjectName("ledTop")
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.ledTop.setToolTip("Maximum display value.")
self.lblTopdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.plt_UC = PushButton("UC", checked=True)
self.plt_UC.setObjectName("plt_UC")
self.plt_UC.setToolTip("Plot unit circle")
self.but_PZ = PushButton("P/Z ", checked=True)
self.but_PZ.setObjectName("but_PZ")
self.but_PZ.setToolTip("Plot poles and zeros")
self.but_Hf = PushButton("H(f) ", checked=True)
self.but_Hf.setObjectName("but_Hf")
self.but_Hf.setToolTip("Plot H(f) along the unit circle")
modes = ['None', 'Mesh', 'Surf', 'Contour']
self.cmbMode3D = QComboBox(self)
self.cmbMode3D.addItems(modes)
self.cmbMode3D.setObjectName("cmbShow3D")
self.cmbMode3D.setToolTip("Select 3D-plot mode.")
self.cmbMode3D.setCurrentIndex(0)
self.cmbMode3D.setSizeAdjustPolicy(QComboBox.AdjustToContents)
self.but_colormap_r = PushButton("reverse", checked=True)
self.but_colormap_r.setObjectName("but_colormap_r")
self.but_colormap_r.setToolTip("reverse colormap")
self.cmbColormap = QComboBox(self)
self._init_cmb_colormap(cmap_init=self.cmap_default)
self.cmbColormap.setToolTip("Select colormap")
self.but_colbar = PushButton("Colorbar ", checked=False)
self.but_colbar.setObjectName("chkColBar")
self.but_colbar.setToolTip("Show colorbar")
self.but_lighting = PushButton("Lighting", checked=False)
self.but_lighting.setObjectName("but_lighting")
self.but_lighting.setToolTip("Enable light source")
self.lblAlpha = QLabel(to_html("Alpha", frmt='bi'), self)
self.diaAlpha = QDial(self)
self.diaAlpha.setRange(0, 10)
self.diaAlpha.setValue(10)
self.diaAlpha.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaAlpha.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaAlpha.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaAlpha.setWrapping(False)
self.diaAlpha.setToolTip(
"<span>Set transparency for surf and contour plots.</span>")
self.lblHatch = QLabel(to_html("Stride", frmt='bi'), self)
self.diaHatch = QDial(self)
self.diaHatch.setRange(0, 9)
self.diaHatch.setValue(5)
self.diaHatch.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaHatch.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaHatch.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaHatch.setWrapping(False)
self.diaHatch.setToolTip("Set line density for various plots.")
self.but_contour_2d = PushButton("Contour2D ", checked=False)
self.but_contour_2d.setObjectName("chkContour2D")
self.but_contour_2d.setToolTip("Plot 2D-contours at z =0")
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LAYOUT for UI widgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
layGControls = QGridLayout()
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_log, 0, 0)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_plot_in_UC, 1, 0)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblTop, 0, 2)
layGControls.addWidget(self.ledTop, 0, 4)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblTopdB, 0, 5)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblBottom, 1, 2)
layGControls.addWidget(self.ledBottom, 1, 4)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblBottomdB, 1, 5)
layGControls.setColumnStretch(5, 1)
layGControls.addWidget(self.plt_UC, 0, 6)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_Hf, 1, 6)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_PZ, 0, 8)
layGControls.addWidget(self.cmbMode3D, 0, 10)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_contour_2d, 1, 10)
layGControls.addWidget(self.cmbColormap, 0, 12, 1, 1)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_colormap_r, 1, 12)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_lighting, 0, 14)
layGControls.addWidget(self.but_colbar, 1, 14)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblAlpha, 0, 15)
layGControls.addWidget(self.diaAlpha, 0, 16)
layGControls.addWidget(self.lblHatch, 1, 15)
layGControls.addWidget(self.diaHatch, 1, 16)
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layGControls)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# mplwidget
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is the plot pane widget, encompassing the other widgets
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['mpl_margins'])
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.setEnabled(True)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.info = "manual/plot_3d.html"
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self._init_grid() # initialize grid and do initial plot
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.but_log.clicked.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledBottom.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledTop.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.but_plot_in_UC.clicked.connect(self._init_grid)
self.plt_UC.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_Hf.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_PZ.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.cmbMode3D.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_colbar.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.cmbColormap.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_colormap_r.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.but_lighting.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.diaAlpha.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.diaHatch.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_contour_2d.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
# self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.enable_plot(state = False) # disable initially
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _init_cmb_colormap(self, cmap_init):
"""
Initialize combobox with available colormaps and try to set it to `cmap_init`
Since matplotlib 3.2 the reversed "*_r" colormaps are no longer contained in
`cm.datad`. They are now obtained by using the `reversed()` method (much simpler!)
`cm.datad` doesn't return the "new" colormaps like viridis, instead the
`colormaps()` method is used.
"""
self.cmbColormap.addItems(
[m for m in colormaps() if not m.endswith("_r")])
idx = self.cmbColormap.findText(cmap_init)
if idx == -1:
idx = 0
self.cmbColormap.setCurrentIndex(idx)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _init_grid(self):
""" Initialize (x,y,z) coordinate grid + (re)draw plot."""
phi_UC = np.linspace(0, 2 * pi, 400,
endpoint=True) # angles for unit circle
self.xy_UC = np.exp(1j * phi_UC) # x,y coordinates of unity circle
steps = 100 # number of steps for x, y, r, phi
# cartesian range limits
self.xmin = -1.5
self.xmax = 1.5
self.ymin = -1.5
self.ymax = 1.5
# Polar range limits
rmin = 0
rmax = 1
# Calculate grids for 3D-Plots
dr = rmax / steps * 2 # grid size for polar range
dx = (self.xmax - self.xmin) / steps
dy = (self.ymax - self.ymin) / steps # grid size cartesian range
if self.but_plot_in_UC.isChecked(): # Plot circular range in 3D-Plot
[r,
phi] = np.meshgrid(np.arange(rmin, rmax, dr),
np.linspace(0, 2 * pi, steps, endpoint=True))
self.x = r * cos(phi)
self.y = r * sin(phi)
else: # cartesian grid
[self.x, self.y] = np.meshgrid(np.arange(self.xmin, self.xmax, dx),
np.arange(self.ymin, self.ymax, dy))
self.z = self.x + 1j * self.y # create coordinate grid for complex plane
self.draw() # initial plot
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def init_axes(self):
"""
Initialize and clear the axes to get rid of colorbar
The azimuth / elevation / distance settings of the camera are restored
after clearing the axes. See
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4575588/matplotlib-3d-plot-with-pyqt4-in-qtabwidget-mplwidget
"""
self._save_axes()
self.mplwidget.fig.clf() # needed to get rid of colorbar
self.ax3d = self.mplwidget.fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# self.ax3d = self.mplwidget.fig.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1, projection='3d')
self._restore_axes()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _save_axes(self):
"""
Store x/y/z - limits and camera position
"""
try:
self.azim = self.ax3d.azim
self.elev = self.ax3d.elev
self.dist = self.ax3d.dist
self.xlim = self.ax3d.get_xlim3d()
self.ylim = self.ax3d.get_ylim3d()
self.zlim = self.ax3d.get_zlim3d()
except AttributeError: # not yet initialized, set standard values
self.azim = -65
self.elev = 30
self.dist = 10
self.xlim = (self.xmin, self.xmax)
self.ylim = (self.ymin, self.ymax)
self.zlim = (self.zmin, self.zmax)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _restore_axes(self):
"""
Restore x/y/z - limits and camera position
"""
if self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_lk.isChecked():
self.ax3d.set_xlim3d(self.xlim)
self.ax3d.set_ylim3d(self.ylim)
self.ax3d.set_zlim3d(self.zlim)
self.ax3d.azim = self.azim
self.ax3d.elev = self.elev
self.ax3d.dist = self.dist
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _log_clicked(self):
"""
Change scale and settings to log / lin when log setting is changed
Update min / max settings when lineEdits have been edited
"""
if self.sender().objectName(
) == 'but_log': # clicking but_log triggered the slot
if self.but_log.isChecked():
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin_dB))
self.zmax_dB = np.round(20 * log10(self.zmax), 2)
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax_dB))
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(True)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(True)
else:
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.zmax = np.round(10**(self.zmax_dB / 20), 2)
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(False)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(False)
else: # finishing a lineEdit field triggered the slot
if self.but_log.isChecked():
self.zmin_dB = safe_eval(self.ledBottom.text(),
self.zmin_dB,
return_type='float')
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin_dB))
self.zmax_dB = safe_eval(self.ledTop.text(),
self.zmax_dB,
return_type='float')
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax_dB))
else:
self.zmin = safe_eval(self.ledBottom.text(),
self.zmin,
return_type='float')
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.zmax = safe_eval(self.ledTop.text(),
self.zmax,
return_type='float')
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.draw()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw(self):
"""
Main drawing entry point: perform the actual plot
"""
self.draw_3d()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_3d(self):
"""
Draw various 3D plots
"""
self.init_axes()
bb = fb.fil[0]['ba'][0]
aa = fb.fil[0]['ba'][1]
zz = np.array(fb.fil[0]['zpk'][0])
pp = np.array(fb.fil[0]['zpk'][1])
wholeF = fb.fil[0]['freqSpecsRangeType'] != 'half' # not used
f_S = fb.fil[0]['f_S']
N_FFT = params['N_FFT']
alpha = self.diaAlpha.value() / 10.
cmap = cm.get_cmap(str(self.cmbColormap.currentText()))
if self.but_colormap_r.isChecked():
cmap = cmap.reversed() # use reversed colormap
# Number of Lines /step size for H(f) stride, mesh, contour3d:
stride = 10 - self.diaHatch.value()
NL = 3 * self.diaHatch.value() + 5
surf_enabled = qget_cmb_box(self.cmbMode3D, data=False) in {'Surf', 'Contour'}\
or self.but_contour_2d.isChecked()
self.cmbColormap.setEnabled(surf_enabled)
self.but_colormap_r.setEnabled(surf_enabled)
self.but_lighting.setEnabled(surf_enabled)
self.but_colbar.setEnabled(surf_enabled)
self.diaAlpha.setEnabled(surf_enabled
or self.but_contour_2d.isChecked())
# cNorm = colors.Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=values[-1])
# scalarMap = cmx.ScalarMappable(norm=cNorm, cmap=jet)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Calculate H(w) along the upper half of unity circle
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[w, H] = sig.freqz(bb, aa, worN=N_FFT, whole=True)
H = np.nan_to_num(H) # replace nans and inf by finite numbers
H_abs = abs(H)
H_max = max(H_abs)
H_min = min(H_abs)
# f = w / (2 * pi) * f_S # translate w to absolute frequencies
# F_min = f[np.argmin(H_abs)]
plevel_rel = 1.05 # height of plotted pole position relative to zmax
zlevel_rel = 0.1 # height of plotted zero position relative to zmax
if self.but_log.isChecked(): # logarithmic scale
# suppress "divide by zero in log10" warnings
old_settings_seterr = np.seterr()
np.seterr(divide='ignore')
bottom = np.floor(max(self.zmin_dB, 20 * log10(H_min)) / 10) * 10
top = self.zmax_dB
top_bottom = top - bottom
zlevel = bottom - top_bottom * zlevel_rel
if self.cmbMode3D.currentText(
) == 'None': # "Poleposition": H(f) plot only
plevel_top = 2 * bottom - zlevel # height of displayed pole position
plevel_btm = bottom
else:
plevel_top = top + top_bottom * (plevel_rel - 1)
plevel_btm = top
np.seterr(**old_settings_seterr)
else: # linear scale
bottom = max(self.zmin, H_min) # min. display value
top = self.zmax # max. display value
top_bottom = top - bottom
# top = zmax_rel * H_max # calculate display top from max. of H(f)
zlevel = bottom + top_bottom * zlevel_rel # height of displayed zero position
if self.cmbMode3D.currentText(
) == 'None': # "Poleposition": H(f) plot only
#H_max = np.clip(max(H_abs), 0, self.zmax)
# make height of displayed poles same to zeros
plevel_top = bottom + top_bottom * zlevel_rel
plevel_btm = bottom
else:
plevel_top = plevel_rel * top
plevel_btm = top
# calculate H(jw)| along the unity circle and |H(z)|, each clipped
# between bottom and top
H_UC = H_mag(bb,
aa,
self.xy_UC,
top,
H_min=bottom,
log=self.but_log.isChecked())
Hmag = H_mag(bb,
aa,
self.z,
top,
H_min=bottom,
log=self.but_log.isChecked())
# ===============================================================
# Plot Unit Circle (UC)
# ===============================================================
if self.plt_UC.isChecked():
# Plot unit circle and marker at (1,0):
self.ax3d.plot(self.xy_UC.real,
self.xy_UC.imag,
ones(len(self.xy_UC)) * bottom,
lw=2,
color='k')
self.ax3d.plot([0.97, 1.03], [0, 0], [bottom, bottom],
lw=2,
color='k')
# ===============================================================
# Plot ||H(f)| along unit circle as 3D-lineplot
# ===============================================================
if self.but_Hf.isChecked():
self.ax3d.plot(self.xy_UC.real,
self.xy_UC.imag,
H_UC,
alpha=0.8,
lw=4)
# draw once more as dashed white line to improve visibility
self.ax3d.plot(self.xy_UC.real, self.xy_UC.imag, H_UC, 'w--', lw=4)
if stride < 10: # plot thin vertical line every stride points on the UC
for k in range(len(self.xy_UC[::stride])):
self.ax3d.plot([
self.xy_UC.real[::stride][k],
self.xy_UC.real[::stride][k]
], [
self.xy_UC.imag[::stride][k],
self.xy_UC.imag[::stride][k]
], [
np.ones(len(self.xy_UC[::stride]))[k] * bottom,
H_UC[::stride][k]
],
linewidth=1,
color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
# ===============================================================
# Plot Poles and Zeros
# ===============================================================
if self.but_PZ.isChecked():
PN_SIZE = 8 # size of P/N symbols
# Plot zero markers at |H(z_i)| = zlevel with "stems":
self.ax3d.plot(zz.real,
zz.imag,
ones(len(zz)) * zlevel,
'o',
markersize=PN_SIZE,
markeredgecolor='blue',
markeredgewidth=2.0,
markerfacecolor='none')
for k in range(len(zz)): # plot zero "stems"
self.ax3d.plot([zz[k].real, zz[k].real],
[zz[k].imag, zz[k].imag], [bottom, zlevel],
linewidth=1,
color='b')
# Plot the poles at |H(z_p)| = plevel with "stems":
self.ax3d.plot(np.real(pp),
np.imag(pp),
plevel_top,
'x',
markersize=PN_SIZE,
markeredgewidth=2.0,
markeredgecolor='red')
for k in range(len(pp)): # plot pole "stems"
self.ax3d.plot([pp[k].real, pp[k].real],
[pp[k].imag, pp[k].imag],
[plevel_btm, plevel_top],
linewidth=1,
color='r')
# ===============================================================
# 3D-Plots of |H(z)| clipped between |H(z)| = top
# ===============================================================
m_cb = cm.ScalarMappable(
cmap=cmap) # normalized proxy object that is mappable
m_cb.set_array(Hmag) # for colorbar
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 3D-mesh plot
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
if self.cmbMode3D.currentText() == 'Mesh':
# fig_mlab = mlab.figure(fgcolor=(0., 0., 0.), bgcolor=(1, 1, 1))
# self.ax3d.set_zlim(0,2)
self.ax3d.plot_wireframe(self.x,
self.y,
Hmag,
rstride=5,
cstride=stride,
linewidth=1,
color='gray')
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 3D-surface plot
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28232879/phong-shading-for-shiny-python-3d-surface-plots
elif self.cmbMode3D.currentText() == 'Surf':
if MLAB:
# Mayavi
surf = mlab.surf(self.x,
self.y,
H_mag,
colormap='RdYlBu',
warp_scale='auto')
# Change the visualization parameters.
surf.actor.property.interpolation = 'phong'
surf.actor.property.specular = 0.1
surf.actor.property.specular_power = 5
# s = mlab.contour_surf(self.x, self.y, Hmag, contour_z=0)
mlab.show()
else:
if self.but_lighting.isChecked():
ls = LightSource(azdeg=0,
altdeg=65) # Create light source object
rgb = ls.shade(
Hmag, cmap=cmap) # Shade data, creating an rgb array
cmap_surf = None
else:
rgb = None
cmap_surf = cmap
# s = self.ax3d.plot_surface(self.x, self.y, Hmag,
# alpha=OPT_3D_ALPHA, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cmap,
# linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade=True, facecolors = rgb)
# s.set_edgecolor('gray')
s = self.ax3d.plot_surface(self.x,
self.y,
Hmag,
alpha=alpha,
rstride=1,
cstride=1,
linewidth=0,
antialiased=False,
facecolors=rgb,
cmap=cmap_surf,
shade=True)
s.set_edgecolor(None)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 3D-Contour plot
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
elif self.cmbMode3D.currentText() == 'Contour':
s = self.ax3d.contourf3D(self.x,
self.y,
Hmag,
NL,
alpha=alpha,
cmap=cmap)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 2D-Contour plot
# TODO: 2D contour plots do not plot correctly together with 3D plots in
# current matplotlib 1.4.3 -> disable them for now
# TODO: zdir = x / y delivers unexpected results -> rather plot max(H)
# along the other axis?
# TODO: colormap is created depending on the zdir = 'z' contour plot
# -> set limits of (all) other plots manually?
if self.but_contour_2d.isChecked():
# self.ax3d.contourf(x, y, Hmag, 20, zdir='x', offset=xmin,
# cmap=cmap, alpha = alpha)#, vmin = bottom)#, vmax = top, vmin = bottom)
# self.ax3d.contourf(x, y, Hmag, 20, zdir='y', offset=ymax,
# cmap=cmap, alpha = alpha)#, vmin = bottom)#, vmax = top, vmin = bottom)
s = self.ax3d.contourf(self.x,
self.y,
Hmag,
NL,
zdir='z',
offset=bottom - (top - bottom) * 0.05,
cmap=cmap,
alpha=alpha)
# plot colorbar for suitable plot modes
if self.but_colbar.isChecked() and (
self.but_contour_2d.isChecked()
or str(self.cmbMode3D.currentText()) in {'Contour', 'Surf'}):
self.colb = self.mplwidget.fig.colorbar(m_cb,
ax=self.ax3d,
shrink=0.8,
aspect=20,
pad=0.02,
fraction=0.08)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set view limits and labels
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
if not self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_lk.isChecked():
self.ax3d.set_xlim3d(self.xmin, self.xmax)
self.ax3d.set_ylim3d(self.ymin, self.ymax)
self.ax3d.set_zlim3d(bottom, top)
else:
self._restore_axes()
self.ax3d.set_xlabel('Re') #(fb.fil[0]['plt_fLabel'])
self.ax3d.set_ylabel(
'Im'
) #(r'$ \tau_g(\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{j} \Omega}) / T_S \; \rightarrow $')
# self.ax3d.set_zlabel(r'$|H(z)|\; \rightarrow $')
self.ax3d.set_title(
r'3D-Plot of $|H(\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{j} \Omega})|$ and $|H(z)|$')
self.redraw()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def redraw(self):
"""
Redraw the canvas when e.g. the canvas size has changed
"""
self.mplwidget.redraw()
def _construct_UI(self):
"""
Intitialize the widget, consisting of:
- Matplotlib widget with NavigationToolbar
- Frame with control elements
"""
self.chkHf = QCheckBox("Show |H(f)|", self)
self.chkHf.setToolTip(
"<span>Display |H(f)| around unit circle.</span>")
self.chkHf.setEnabled(True)
self.chkHfLog = QCheckBox("Log. Scale", self)
self.chkHfLog.setToolTip("<span>Log. scale for |H(f)|.</span>")
self.chkHfLog.setEnabled(True)
self.diaRad_Hf = QDial(self)
self.diaRad_Hf.setRange(2., 10.)
self.diaRad_Hf.setValue(2)
self.diaRad_Hf.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setWrapping(False)
self.diaRad_Hf.setToolTip(
"<span>Set max. radius for |H(f)| plot.</span>")
self.lblRad_Hf = QLabel("Radius", self)
self.chkFIR_P = QCheckBox("Plot FIR Poles", self)
self.chkFIR_P.setToolTip("<span>Show FIR poles at the origin.</span>")
self.chkFIR_P.setChecked(True)
layHControls = QHBoxLayout()
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkHf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkHfLog)
layHControls.addWidget(self.diaRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblRad_Hf)
layHControls.addStretch(10)
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkFIR_P)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### frmControls ###
#
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layHControls)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### mplwidget ###
#
# main widget, encompassing the other widgets
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['wdg_margins'])
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self.init_axes()
self.draw() # calculate and draw poles and zeros
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
self.chkHf.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.chkHfLog.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.diaRad_Hf.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.chkFIR_P.clicked.connect(self.draw)
class Plot_PZ(QWidget):
# incoming, connected in sender widget (locally connected to self.process_sig_rx() )
sig_rx = pyqtSignal(object)
def __init__(self, parent):
super(Plot_PZ, self).__init__(parent)
self.needs_calc = True # flag whether filter data has been changed
self.needs_draw = False # flag whether whether figure needs to be drawn
# with new limits etc. (not implemented yet)
self.tool_tip = "Pole / zero plan"
self.tab_label = "P / Z"
self._construct_UI()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def process_sig_rx(self, dict_sig=None):
"""
Process signals coming from the navigation toolbar and from sig_rx
"""
logger.debug("Processing {0} | needs_draw = {1}, visible = {2}"\
.format(dict_sig, self.needs_calc, self.isVisible()))
if self.isVisible():
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig or 'home' in dict_sig or self.needs_calc:
self.draw()
self.needs_calc = False
self.needs_draw = False
if 'view_changed' in dict_sig or self.needs_draw:
self.update_view()
self.needs_draw = False
else:
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig:
self.needs_calc = True
if 'view_changed' in dict_sig:
self.needs_draw = True
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _construct_UI(self):
"""
Intitialize the widget, consisting of:
- Matplotlib widget with NavigationToolbar
- Frame with control elements
"""
self.chkHf = QCheckBox("Show |H(f)|", self)
self.chkHf.setToolTip(
"<span>Display |H(f)| around unit circle.</span>")
self.chkHf.setEnabled(True)
self.chkHfLog = QCheckBox("Log. Scale", self)
self.chkHfLog.setToolTip("<span>Log. scale for |H(f)|.</span>")
self.chkHfLog.setEnabled(True)
self.diaRad_Hf = QDial(self)
self.diaRad_Hf.setRange(2., 10.)
self.diaRad_Hf.setValue(2)
self.diaRad_Hf.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setWrapping(False)
self.diaRad_Hf.setToolTip(
"<span>Set max. radius for |H(f)| plot.</span>")
self.lblRad_Hf = QLabel("Radius", self)
self.chkFIR_P = QCheckBox("Plot FIR Poles", self)
self.chkFIR_P.setToolTip("<span>Show FIR poles at the origin.</span>")
self.chkFIR_P.setChecked(True)
layHControls = QHBoxLayout()
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkHf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkHfLog)
layHControls.addWidget(self.diaRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblRad_Hf)
layHControls.addStretch(10)
layHControls.addWidget(self.chkFIR_P)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### frmControls ###
#
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layHControls)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### mplwidget ###
#
# main widget, encompassing the other widgets
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['wdg_margins'])
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self.init_axes()
self.draw() # calculate and draw poles and zeros
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
self.chkHf.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.chkHfLog.clicked.connect(self.draw)
self.diaRad_Hf.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.chkFIR_P.clicked.connect(self.draw)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def init_axes(self):
"""
Initialize and clear the axes (this is only run once)
"""
if len(self.mplwidget.fig.get_axes()) == 0: # empty figure, no axes
self.ax = self.mplwidget.fig.subplots() #.add_subplot(111)
self.ax.get_xaxis().tick_bottom() # remove axis ticks on top
self.ax.get_yaxis().tick_left() # remove axis ticks right
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def update_view(self):
"""
Draw the figure with new limits, scale etcs without recalculating H(f)
-- not yet implemented, just use draw() for the moment
"""
self.draw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw(self):
self.chkFIR_P.setVisible(fb.fil[0]['ft'] == 'FIR')
self.draw_pz()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_pz(self):
"""
(re)draw P/Z plot
"""
p_marker = params['P_Marker']
z_marker = params['Z_Marker']
zpk = fb.fil[0]['zpk']
# add antiCausals if they exist (must take reciprocal to plot)
if 'rpk' in fb.fil[0]:
zA = fb.fil[0]['zpk'][0]
zA = np.conj(1. / zA)
pA = fb.fil[0]['zpk'][1]
pA = np.conj(1. / pA)
zC = np.append(zpk[0], zA)
pC = np.append(zpk[1], pA)
zpk[0] = zC
zpk[1] = pC
self.ax.clear()
[z, p, k] = self.zplane(z=zpk[0],
p=zpk[1],
k=zpk[2],
plt_ax=self.ax,
plt_poles=self.chkFIR_P.isChecked()
or fb.fil[0]['ft'] == 'IIR',
mps=p_marker[0],
mpc=p_marker[1],
mzs=z_marker[0],
mzc=z_marker[1])
self.ax.set_title(r'Pole / Zero Plot')
self.ax.set_xlabel('Real axis')
self.ax.set_ylabel('Imaginary axis')
self.draw_Hf(r=self.diaRad_Hf.value())
self.redraw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def redraw(self):
"""
Redraw the canvas when e.g. the canvas size has changed
"""
self.mplwidget.redraw()
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def zplane(self,
b=None,
a=1,
z=None,
p=None,
k=1,
pn_eps=1e-3,
analog=False,
plt_ax=None,
plt_poles=True,
style='square',
anaCircleRad=0,
lw=2,
mps=10,
mzs=10,
mpc='r',
mzc='b',
plabel='',
zlabel=''):
"""
Plot the poles and zeros in the complex z-plane either from the
coefficients (`b,`a) of a discrete transfer function `H`(`z`) (zpk = False)
or directly from the zeros and poles (z,p) (zpk = True).
When only b is given, an FIR filter with all poles at the origin is assumed.
Parameters
----------
b : array_like
Numerator coefficients (transversal part of filter)
When b is not None, poles and zeros are determined from the coefficients
b and a
a : array_like (optional, default = 1 for FIR-filter)
Denominator coefficients (recursive part of filter)
z : array_like, default = None
Zeros
When b is None, poles and zeros are taken directly from z and p
p : array_like, default = None
Poles
analog : boolean (default: False)
When True, create a P/Z plot suitable for the s-plane, i.e. suppress
the unit circle (unless anaCircleRad > 0) and scale the plot for
a good display of all poles and zeros.
pn_eps : float (default : 1e-2)
Tolerance for separating close poles or zeros
plt_ax : handle to axes for plotting (default: None)
When no axes is specified, the current axes is determined via plt.gca()
plt_poles : Boolean (default : True)
Plot poles. This can be used to suppress poles for FIR systems
where all poles are at the origin.
style : string (default: 'square')
Style of the plot, for style == 'square' make scale of x- and y-
axis equal.
mps : integer (default: 10)
Size for pole marker
mzs : integer (default: 10)
Size for zero marker
mpc : char (default: 'r')
Pole marker colour
mzc : char (default: 'b')
Zero marker colour
lw : integer (default: 2)
Linewidth for unit circle
plabel, zlabel : string (default: '')
This string is passed to the plot command for poles and zeros and
can be displayed by legend()
Returns
-------
z, p, k : ndarray
Notes
-----
"""
# TODO:
# - polar option
# - add keywords for color of circle -> **kwargs
# - add option for multi-dimensional arrays and zpk data
# make sure that all inputs are arrays
b = np.atleast_1d(b)
a = np.atleast_1d(a)
z = np.atleast_1d(z) # make sure that p, z are arrays
p = np.atleast_1d(p)
if b.any(): # coefficients were specified
if len(b) < 2 and len(a) < 2:
logger.error(
'No proper filter coefficients: both b and a are scalars!')
return z, p, k
# The coefficients are less than 1, normalize the coefficients
if np.max(b) > 1:
kn = np.max(b)
b = b / float(kn)
else:
kn = 1.
if np.max(a) > 1:
kd = np.max(a)
a = a / abs(kd)
else:
kd = 1.
# Calculate the poles, zeros and scaling factor
p = np.roots(a)
z = np.roots(b)
k = kn / kd
elif not (len(p) or len(z)): # P/Z were specified
logger.error('Either b,a or z,p must be specified!')
return z, p, k
# find multiple poles and zeros and their multiplicities
if len(p) < 2: # single pole, [None] or [0]
if not p or p == 0: # only zeros, create equal number of poles at origin
p = np.array(0, ndmin=1) #
num_p = np.atleast_1d(len(z))
else:
num_p = [1.] # single pole != 0
else:
#p, num_p = sig.signaltools.unique_roots(p, tol = pn_eps, rtype='avg')
p, num_p = unique_roots(p, tol=pn_eps, rtype='avg')
# p = np.array(p); num_p = np.ones(len(p))
if len(z) > 0:
z, num_z = unique_roots(z, tol=pn_eps, rtype='avg')
# z = np.array(z); num_z = np.ones(len(z))
#z, num_z = sig.signaltools.unique_roots(z, tol = pn_eps, rtype='avg')
else:
num_z = []
ax = plt_ax #.subplot(111)
if analog == False:
# create the unit circle for the z-plane
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0),
radius=1,
fill=False,
color='grey',
ls='solid',
zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(uc)
if style == 'square':
#r = 1.1
#ax.axis([-r, r, -r, r]) # overridden by next option
ax.axis('equal')
# ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
# ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
# ax.spines['right'].set_visible(True)
# ax.spines['top'].set_visible(True)
else: # s-plane
if anaCircleRad > 0:
# plot a circle with radius = anaCircleRad
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0),
radius=anaCircleRad,
fill=False,
color='grey',
ls='solid',
zorder=1)
ax.add_patch(uc)
# plot real and imaginary axis
ax.axhline(lw=2, color='k', zorder=1)
ax.axvline(lw=2, color='k', zorder=1)
# Plot the zeros
ax.scatter(z.real,
z.imag,
s=mzs * mzs,
zorder=2,
marker='o',
facecolor='none',
edgecolor=mzc,
lw=lw,
label=zlabel)
# and print their multiplicity
for i in range(len(z)):
logger.debug('z: {0} | {1} | {2}'.format(i, z[i], num_z[i]))
if num_z[i] > 1:
ax.text(np.real(z[i]),
np.imag(z[i]),
' (' + str(num_z[i]) + ')',
va='top',
color=mzc)
if plt_poles:
# Plot the poles
ax.scatter(p.real,
p.imag,
s=mps * mps,
zorder=2,
marker='x',
color=mpc,
lw=lw,
label=plabel)
# and print their multiplicity
for i in range(len(p)):
logger.debug('p:{0} | {1} | {2}'.format(i, p[i], num_p[i]))
if num_p[i] > 1:
ax.text(np.real(p[i]),
np.imag(p[i]),
' (' + str(num_p[i]) + ')',
va='bottom',
color=mpc)
# =============================================================================
# # increase distance between ticks and labels
# # to give some room for poles and zeros
# for tick in ax.get_xaxis().get_major_ticks():
# tick.set_pad(12.)
# tick.label1 = tick._get_text1()
# for tick in ax.get_yaxis().get_major_ticks():
# tick.set_pad(12.)
# tick.label1 = tick._get_text1()
#
# =============================================================================
xl = ax.get_xlim()
Dx = max(abs(xl[1] - xl[0]), 0.05)
yl = ax.get_ylim()
Dy = max(abs(yl[1] - yl[0]), 0.05)
ax.set_xlim((xl[0] - Dx * 0.05, max(xl[1] + Dx * 0.05, 0)))
ax.set_ylim((yl[0] - Dy * 0.05, yl[1] + Dy * 0.05))
return z, p, k
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_Hf(self, r=2):
"""
Draw the magnitude frequency response around the UC
"""
# suppress "divide by zero in log10" warnings
old_settings_seterr = np.seterr()
np.seterr(divide='ignore')
self.chkHfLog.setVisible(self.chkHf.isChecked())
self.diaRad_Hf.setVisible(self.chkHf.isChecked())
self.lblRad_Hf.setVisible(self.chkHf.isChecked())
if not self.chkHf.isChecked():
return
ba = fb.fil[0]['ba']
w, H = sig.freqz(ba[0], ba[1], worN=params['N_FFT'], whole=True)
H = np.abs(H)
if self.chkHfLog.isChecked():
H = np.clip(np.log10(H), -6, None) # clip to -120 dB
H = H - np.max(H) # shift scale to H_min ... 0
H = 1 + (r - 1) * (1 + H / abs(np.min(H))) # scale to 1 ... r
else:
H = 1 + (r - 1) * H / np.max(H) # map |H(f)| to a range 1 ... r
y = H * np.sin(w)
x = H * np.cos(w)
self.ax.plot(x, y, label="|H(f)|")
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0),
radius=r,
fill=False,
color='grey',
ls='dashed',
zorder=1)
self.ax.add_patch(uc)
xl = self.ax.get_xlim()
xmax = max(abs(xl[0]), abs(xl[1]), r * 1.05)
yl = self.ax.get_ylim()
ymax = max(abs(yl[0]), abs(yl[1]), r * 1.05)
self.ax.set_xlim((-xmax, xmax))
self.ax.set_ylim((-ymax, ymax))
np.seterr(**old_settings_seterr)
def _construct_UI(self):
"""
Intitialize the widget, consisting of:
- Matplotlib widget with NavigationToolbar
- Frame with control elements
"""
self.lbl_overlay = QLabel(to_html("Overlay:", frmt='bi'), self)
self.cmb_overlay = QComboBox(self)
qcmb_box_populate(
self.cmb_overlay, self.cmb_overlay_items, self.cmb_overlay_default)
self.but_log = PushButton(" Log.", checked=True)
self.but_log.setObjectName("but_log")
self.but_log.setToolTip("<span>Log. scale for overlays.</span>")
self.diaRad_Hf = QDial(self)
self.diaRad_Hf.setRange(2, 10)
self.diaRad_Hf.setValue(2)
self.diaRad_Hf.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setWrapping(False)
self.diaRad_Hf.setToolTip("<span>Set max. radius for |H(f)| plot.</span>")
self.lblRad_Hf = QLabel("Radius", self)
self.lblBottom = QLabel(to_html("Bottom =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledBottom = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledBottom.setObjectName("ledBottom")
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.ledBottom.setMaximumWidth(qtext_width(N_x=8))
self.ledBottom.setToolTip("Minimum display value.")
self.lblBottomdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.lblTop = QLabel(to_html("Top =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledTop = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledTop.setObjectName("ledTop")
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.ledTop.setToolTip("Maximum display value.")
self.ledTop.setMaximumWidth(qtext_width(N_x=8))
self.lblTopdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.but_fir_poles = PushButton(" FIR Poles ", checked=True)
self.but_fir_poles.setToolTip("<span>Show FIR poles at the origin.</span>")
layHControls = QHBoxLayout()
layHControls.addWidget(self.lbl_overlay)
layHControls.addWidget(self.cmb_overlay)
layHControls.addWidget(self.but_log)
layHControls.addWidget(self.diaRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblTop)
layHControls.addWidget(self.ledTop)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblTopdB)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblBottom)
layHControls.addWidget(self.ledBottom)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblBottomdB)
layHControls.addStretch(10)
layHControls.addWidget(self.but_fir_poles)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### frmControls ###
#
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layHControls)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### mplwidget ###
#
# main widget, encompassing the other widgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['wdg_margins'])
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.setEnabled(True)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.info = "manual/plot_pz.html"
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self.init_axes()
self._log_clicked() # calculate and draw poles and zeros
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
self.cmb_overlay.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_log.clicked.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledBottom.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledTop.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.diaRad_Hf.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_fir_poles.clicked.connect(self.draw)
class Plot_PZ(QWidget):
# incoming, connected in sender widget (locally connected to self.process_sig_rx() )
sig_rx = pyqtSignal(object)
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.needs_calc = True # flag whether filter data has been changed
self.needs_draw = False # flag whether whether figure needs to be drawn
# with new limits etc. (not implemented yet)
self.tool_tip = "Pole / zero plan"
self.tab_label = "P / Z"
self.cmb_overlay_items = [
"<span>Add various overlays to P/Z diagram.</span>",
("none", "None", ""),
("h(f)", "|H(f)|",
"<span>Show |H(f)| wrapped around the unit circle between 0 resp. -120 dB "
"and max(H(f)).</span>"),
("contour", "Contour", "<span>Show contour lines for |H(z)|</span>"),
("contourf", "Contourf", "<span>Show filled contours for |H(z)|</span>"),
]
self.cmb_overlay_default = "none" # default setting
self.cmap = "viridis" # colormap
self.zmin = 0
self.zmax = 2
self.zmin_dB = -80
self.zmax_dB = np.round(20 * np.log10(self.zmax), 2)
self._construct_UI()
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def process_sig_rx(self, dict_sig: dict = None) -> None:
"""
Process signals coming from the navigation toolbar and from sig_rx
"""
# logger.info("Processing {0} | needs_draw = {1}, visible = {2}"\
# .format(dict_sig, self.needs_calc, self.isVisible()))
if self.isVisible():
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig or 'home' in dict_sig or self.needs_calc:
self.draw()
self.needs_calc = False
self.needs_draw = False
elif 'view_changed' in dict_sig or self.needs_draw:
self.update_view()
self.needs_draw = False
elif 'ui_changed' in dict_sig and dict_sig['ui_changed'] == 'resized':
self.draw()
else:
if 'data_changed' in dict_sig:
self.needs_calc = True
elif 'view_changed' in dict_sig:
self.needs_draw = True
elif 'ui_changed' in dict_sig and dict_sig['ui_changed'] == 'resized':
self.needs_draw = True
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _construct_UI(self):
"""
Intitialize the widget, consisting of:
- Matplotlib widget with NavigationToolbar
- Frame with control elements
"""
self.lbl_overlay = QLabel(to_html("Overlay:", frmt='bi'), self)
self.cmb_overlay = QComboBox(self)
qcmb_box_populate(
self.cmb_overlay, self.cmb_overlay_items, self.cmb_overlay_default)
self.but_log = PushButton(" Log.", checked=True)
self.but_log.setObjectName("but_log")
self.but_log.setToolTip("<span>Log. scale for overlays.</span>")
self.diaRad_Hf = QDial(self)
self.diaRad_Hf.setRange(2, 10)
self.diaRad_Hf.setValue(2)
self.diaRad_Hf.setTracking(False) # produce less events when turning
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedHeight(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setFixedWidth(30)
self.diaRad_Hf.setWrapping(False)
self.diaRad_Hf.setToolTip("<span>Set max. radius for |H(f)| plot.</span>")
self.lblRad_Hf = QLabel("Radius", self)
self.lblBottom = QLabel(to_html("Bottom =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledBottom = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledBottom.setObjectName("ledBottom")
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.ledBottom.setMaximumWidth(qtext_width(N_x=8))
self.ledBottom.setToolTip("Minimum display value.")
self.lblBottomdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.lblTop = QLabel(to_html("Top =", frmt='bi'), self)
self.ledTop = QLineEdit(self)
self.ledTop.setObjectName("ledTop")
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.ledTop.setToolTip("Maximum display value.")
self.ledTop.setMaximumWidth(qtext_width(N_x=8))
self.lblTopdB = QLabel("dB", self)
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(self.but_log.isChecked())
self.but_fir_poles = PushButton(" FIR Poles ", checked=True)
self.but_fir_poles.setToolTip("<span>Show FIR poles at the origin.</span>")
layHControls = QHBoxLayout()
layHControls.addWidget(self.lbl_overlay)
layHControls.addWidget(self.cmb_overlay)
layHControls.addWidget(self.but_log)
layHControls.addWidget(self.diaRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblRad_Hf)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblTop)
layHControls.addWidget(self.ledTop)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblTopdB)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblBottom)
layHControls.addWidget(self.ledBottom)
layHControls.addWidget(self.lblBottomdB)
layHControls.addStretch(10)
layHControls.addWidget(self.but_fir_poles)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### frmControls ###
#
# This widget encompasses all control subwidgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.frmControls = QFrame(self)
self.frmControls.setObjectName("frmControls")
self.frmControls.setLayout(layHControls)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ### mplwidget ###
#
# main widget, encompassing the other widgets
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget = MplWidget(self)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.addWidget(self.frmControls)
self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl.setContentsMargins(*params['wdg_margins'])
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.setEnabled(True)
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.a_he.info = "manual/plot_pz.html"
self.setLayout(self.mplwidget.layVMainMpl)
self.init_axes()
self._log_clicked() # calculate and draw poles and zeros
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# GLOBAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.sig_rx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCAL SIGNALS & SLOTs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
self.mplwidget.mplToolbar.sig_tx.connect(self.process_sig_rx)
self.cmb_overlay.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_log.clicked.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledBottom.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.ledTop.editingFinished.connect(self._log_clicked)
self.diaRad_Hf.valueChanged.connect(self.draw)
self.but_fir_poles.clicked.connect(self.draw)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _log_clicked(self):
"""
Change scale and settings to log / lin when log setting is changed
Update min / max settings when lineEdits have been edited
"""
# clicking but_log triggered the slot or initialization
if self.sender() is None or self.sender().objectName() == 'but_log':
if self.but_log.isChecked():
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin_dB))
self.zmax_dB = np.round(20 * np.log10(self.zmax), 2)
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax_dB))
else:
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.zmax = np.round(10**(self.zmax_dB / 20), 2)
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
else: # finishing a lineEdit field triggered the slot
if self.but_log.isChecked():
self.zmin_dB = safe_eval(
self.ledBottom.text(), self.zmin_dB, return_type='float')
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin_dB))
self.zmax_dB = safe_eval(
self.ledTop.text(), self.zmax_dB, return_type='float')
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax_dB))
else:
self.zmin = safe_eval(
self.ledBottom.text(), self.zmin, return_type='float')
self.ledBottom.setText(str(self.zmin))
self.zmax = safe_eval(self.ledTop.text(), self.zmax, return_type='float')
self.ledTop.setText(str(self.zmax))
self.draw()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def init_axes(self):
"""
Initialize and clear the axes (this is only run once)
"""
self.mplwidget.fig.clf() # needed to get rid of colorbar
if len(self.mplwidget.fig.get_axes()) == 0: # empty figure, no axes
self.ax = self.mplwidget.fig.subplots() # .add_subplot(111)
self.ax.xaxis.tick_bottom() # remove axis ticks on top
self.ax.yaxis.tick_left() # remove axis ticks right
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def update_view(self):
"""
Draw the figure with new limits, scale etcs without recalculating H(f)
-- not yet implemented, just use draw() for the moment
"""
self.draw()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw(self):
self.but_fir_poles.setVisible(fb.fil[0]['ft'] == 'FIR')
contour = qget_cmb_box(self.cmb_overlay) in {"contour", "contourf"}
self.ledBottom.setVisible(contour)
self.lblBottom.setVisible(contour)
self.lblBottomdB.setVisible(contour and self.but_log.isChecked())
self.ledTop.setVisible(contour)
self.lblTop.setVisible(contour)
self.lblTopdB.setVisible(contour and self.but_log.isChecked())
if True:
self.init_axes()
self.draw_pz()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_pz(self):
"""
(re)draw P/Z plot
"""
p_marker = params['P_Marker']
z_marker = params['Z_Marker']
zpk = fb.fil[0]['zpk']
# add antiCausals if they exist (must take reciprocal to plot)
if 'rpk' in fb.fil[0]:
zA = fb.fil[0]['zpk'][0]
zA = np.conj(1./zA)
pA = fb.fil[0]['zpk'][1]
pA = np.conj(1./pA)
zC = np.append(zpk[0], zA)
pC = np.append(zpk[1], pA)
zpk[0] = zC
zpk[1] = pC
self.ax.clear()
[z, p, k] = self.zplane(
z=zpk[0], p=zpk[1], k=zpk[2], plt_ax=self.ax,
plt_poles=self.but_fir_poles.isChecked() or fb.fil[0]['ft'] == 'IIR',
mps=p_marker[0], mpc=p_marker[1], mzs=z_marker[0], mzc=z_marker[1])
self.ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator()) # enable minor ticks
self.ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator()) # enable minor ticks
self.ax.set_title(r'Pole / Zero Plot')
self.ax.set_xlabel('Real axis')
self.ax.set_ylabel('Imaginary axis')
overlay = qget_cmb_box(self.cmb_overlay)
self.but_log.setVisible(overlay != "none")
self.draw_Hf(r=self.diaRad_Hf.value(), Hf_visible=(overlay == "h(f)"))
self.draw_contours(overlay)
self.redraw()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def redraw(self):
"""
Redraw the canvas when e.g. the canvas size has changed
"""
self.mplwidget.redraw()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def zplane(self, b=None, a=1, z=None, p=None, k=1, pn_eps=1e-3, analog=False,
plt_ax=None, plt_poles=True, style='equal', anaCircleRad=0, lw=2,
mps=10, mzs=10, mpc='r', mzc='b', plabel='', zlabel=''):
"""
Plot the poles and zeros in the complex z-plane either from the
coefficients (`b,`a) of a discrete transfer function `H`(`z`) (zpk = False)
or directly from the zeros and poles (z,p) (zpk = True).
When only b is given, an FIR filter with all poles at the origin is assumed.
Parameters
----------
b : array_like
Numerator coefficients (transversal part of filter)
When b is not None, poles and zeros are determined from the coefficients
b and a
a : array_like (optional, default = 1 for FIR-filter)
Denominator coefficients (recursive part of filter)
z : array_like, default = None
Zeros
When b is None, poles and zeros are taken directly from z and p
p : array_like, default = None
Poles
analog : boolean (default: False)
When True, create a P/Z plot suitable for the s-plane, i.e. suppress
the unit circle (unless anaCircleRad > 0) and scale the plot for
a good display of all poles and zeros.
pn_eps : float (default : 1e-2)
Tolerance for separating close poles or zeros
plt_ax : handle to axes for plotting (default: None)
When no axes is specified, the current axes is determined via plt.gca()
plt_poles : Boolean (default : True)
Plot poles. This can be used to suppress poles for FIR systems
where all poles are at the origin.
style : string (default: 'scaled')
Style of the plot, for `style == 'scaled'` make scale of x- and y-
axis equal, `style == 'equal'` forces x- and y-axes to be equal. This
is passed as an argument to the matplotlib `ax.axis(style)`
mps : integer (default: 10)
Size for pole marker
mzs : integer (default: 10)
Size for zero marker
mpc : char (default: 'r')
Pole marker colour
mzc : char (default: 'b')
Zero marker colour
lw : integer (default: 2)
Linewidth for unit circle
plabel, zlabel : string (default: '')
This string is passed to the plot command for poles and zeros and
can be displayed by legend()
Returns
-------
z, p, k : ndarray
Notes
-----
"""
# TODO:
# - polar option
# - add keywords for color of circle -> **kwargs
# - add option for multi-dimensional arrays and zpk data
# make sure that all inputs are (at least 1D) arrays
b = np.atleast_1d(b)
a = np.atleast_1d(a)
z = np.atleast_1d(z)
p = np.atleast_1d(p)
if b.any(): # coefficients were specified
if len(b) < 2 and len(a) < 2:
logger.error('No proper filter coefficients: both b and a are scalars!')
return z, p, k
# The coefficients are less than 1, normalize the coefficients
if np.max(b) > 1:
kn = np.max(b)
b = b / float(kn)
else:
kn = 1.
if np.max(a) > 1:
kd = np.max(a)
a = a / abs(kd)
else:
kd = 1.
# Calculate the poles, zeros and scaling factor
p = np.roots(a)
z = np.roots(b)
k = kn/kd
elif not (len(p) or len(z)): # P/Z were specified
logger.error('Either b,a or z,p must be specified!')
return z, p, k
# find multiple poles and zeros and their multiplicities
if len(p) < 2: # single pole, [None] or [0]
if not p or p == 0: # only zeros, create equal number of poles at origin
p = np.array(0, ndmin=1)
num_p = np.atleast_1d(len(z))
else:
num_p = [1.] # single pole != 0
else:
# p, num_p = sig.signaltools.unique_roots(p, tol = pn_eps, rtype='avg')
p, num_p = unique_roots(p, tol=pn_eps, rtype='avg')
# p = np.array(p); num_p = np.ones(len(p))
if len(z) > 0:
z, num_z = unique_roots(z, tol=pn_eps, rtype='avg')
# z = np.array(z); num_z = np.ones(len(z))
# z, num_z = sig.signaltools.unique_roots(z, tol = pn_eps, rtype='avg')
else:
num_z = []
if analog is False:
# create the unit circle for the z-plane
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0), radius=1, fill=False,
color='grey', ls='solid', zorder=1)
plt_ax.add_patch(uc)
plt_ax.axis(style)
# ax.spines['left'].set_position('center')
# ax.spines['bottom'].set_position('center')
# ax.spines['right'].set_visible(True)
# ax.spines['top'].set_visible(True)
else: # s-plane
if anaCircleRad > 0:
# plot a circle with radius = anaCircleRad
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0), radius=anaCircleRad, fill=False,
color='grey', ls='solid', zorder=1)
plt_ax.add_patch(uc)
# plot real and imaginary axis
plt_ax.axhline(lw=2, color='k', zorder=1)
plt_ax.axvline(lw=2, color='k', zorder=1)
# Plot the zeros
plt_ax.scatter(z.real, z.imag, s=mzs*mzs, zorder=2, marker='o',
facecolor='none', edgecolor=mzc, lw=lw, label=zlabel)
# and print their multiplicity
for i in range(len(z)):
logger.debug('z: {0} | {1} | {2}'.format(i, z[i], num_z[i]))
if num_z[i] > 1:
plt_ax.text(np.real(z[i]), np.imag(z[i]), ' (' + str(num_z[i]) + ')',
va='top', color=mzc)
if plt_poles:
# Plot the poles
plt_ax.scatter(p.real, p.imag, s=mps*mps, zorder=2, marker='x',
color=mpc, lw=lw, label=plabel)
# and print their multiplicity
for i in range(len(p)):
logger.debug('p:{0} | {1} | {2}'.format(i, p[i], num_p[i]))
if num_p[i] > 1:
plt_ax.text(np.real(p[i]), np.imag(p[i]), ' (' + str(num_p[i]) + ')',
va='bottom', color=mpc)
# =============================================================================
# # increase distance between ticks and labels
# # to give some room for poles and zeros
# for tick in ax.get_xaxis().get_major_ticks():
# tick.set_pad(12.)
# tick.label1 = tick._get_text1()
# for tick in ax.get_yaxis().get_major_ticks():
# tick.set_pad(12.)
# tick.label1 = tick._get_text1()
#
# =============================================================================
xl = plt_ax.get_xlim()
Dx = max(abs(xl[1]-xl[0]), 0.05)
yl = plt_ax.get_ylim()
Dy = max(abs(yl[1]-yl[0]), 0.05)
plt_ax.set_xlim((xl[0]-Dx*0.02, max(xl[1]+Dx*0.02, 0)))
plt_ax.set_ylim((yl[0]-Dy*0.02, yl[1] + Dy*0.02))
return z, p, k
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_contours(self, overlay):
if overlay not in {"contour", "contourf"}:
return
self.ax.apply_aspect() # normally, the correct aspect is only set when plotting
xl = self.ax.get_xlim()
yl = self.ax.get_ylim()
# logger.warning(xl)
# logger.warning(yl)
[x, y] = np.meshgrid(
np.arange(xl[0], xl[1], 0.01),
np.arange(yl[0], yl[1], 0.01))
z = x + 1j*y # create coordinate grid for complex plane
if self.but_log.isChecked():
H_max = self.zmax_dB
H_min = self.zmin_dB
else:
H_max = self.zmax
H_min = self.zmin
Hmag = H_mag(fb.fil[0]['ba'][0], fb.fil[0]['ba'][1], z, H_max, H_min=H_min,
log=self.but_log.isChecked())
if overlay == "contour":
self.ax.contour(x, y, Hmag, 20, alpha=0.5, cmap=self.cmap)
else:
self.ax.contourf(x, y, Hmag, 20, alpha=0.5, cmap=self.cmap)
m_cb = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=self.cmap) # normalized proxy object that is
m_cb.set_array(Hmag) # mappable for colorbar (?)
self.col_bar = self.mplwidget.fig.colorbar(
m_cb, ax=self.ax, shrink=1.0, aspect=40, pad=0.01, fraction=0.08)
# Contour plots and color bar somehow mess up the coordinates:
# restore to previous settings
self.ax.set_xlim(xl)
self.ax.set_xlim(yl)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def draw_Hf(self, r=2, Hf_visible=True):
"""
Draw the magnitude frequency response around the UC
"""
self.diaRad_Hf.setVisible(Hf_visible)
self.lblRad_Hf.setVisible(Hf_visible)
if not Hf_visible:
return
# suppress "divide by zero in log10" warnings
old_settings_seterr = np.seterr()
np.seterr(divide='ignore')
ba = fb.fil[0]['ba']
w, H = sig.freqz(ba[0], ba[1], worN=params['N_FFT'], whole=True)
H = np.abs(H)
if self.but_log.isChecked():
H = np.clip(np.log10(H), -6, None) # clip to -120 dB
H = H - np.max(H) # shift scale to H_min ... 0
H = 1 + (r-1) * (1 + H / abs(np.min(H))) # scale to 1 ... r
else:
H = 1 + (r-1) * H / np.max(H) # map |H(f)| to a range 1 ... r
y = H * np.sin(w)
x = H * np.cos(w)
self.ax.plot(x, y, label="|H(f)|")
uc = patches.Circle((0, 0), radius=r, fill=False,
color='grey', ls='dashed', zorder=1)
self.ax.add_patch(uc)
xl = self.ax.get_xlim()
xmax = max(abs(xl[0]), abs(xl[1]), r*1.05)
yl = self.ax.get_ylim()
ymax = max(abs(yl[0]), abs(yl[1]), r*1.05)
self.ax.set_xlim((-xmax, xmax))
self.ax.set_ylim((-ymax, ymax))
np.seterr(**old_settings_seterr)
