class SortedPriorityQueue(PriorityQueueBase):
    """A min-oriented priority queue implemented with a sorted list."""
    def __init__(self):
        """Create a new empty Priority Queue."""
        self._data = PositionalList()

    def __len__(self):
        """Return the number of items in the priority queue."""
        return len(self._data)

    def add(self, key, value):
        """Add a key-value pair."""
        newest = self._Item(key, value)
        walk = self._data.last()  # walk backward looking for smaller key
        while walk is not None and newest < walk.element():
            walk = self._data.before(walk)
        if walk is None:
            self._data.add_first(newest)  # new key is the smallest
        else:
            self._data.add_after(walk, newest)  # newest goes after walk

    def min(self):
        """Return but do not remove (k, v) tuple with minimum key."""
        if self.is_empty():
            raise Empty('Priority queue is empty.')
        p = self._data.first()
        item = p.element()
        return (item._key, item._value)

    def remove_min(self):
        """Remove and return (k, v) tuple with minimum key from the priority queue."""
        if self.is_empty():
            raise Empty('Priority queue is empty.')
        item = self._data.delete(self._data.first())
        return (item._key, item._value)
    def test_before_returns_None_with_passed_first_Position_in_list(self):
        pl = PositionalList()
        #  create two nodes with proper references in the container:
        n1 = PositionalList._Node('foo', pl._header, pl._trailer)
        n2 = PositionalList._Node('bar', n1, pl._trailer)
        n1._next = n2
        pl._header._next = n1
        pl._trailer._prev = n2
        #  #  create a position for each respective node:
        p1 = PositionalList.Position(pl, n1)

        result = pl.before(p1)

        self.assertIsNone(result)