Example #1
0
    def __init__(self, state):
        self.state = state
        self.version_number = config.dev.version_number
        self.transaction_pool = []
        self.txhash_timestamp = []
        self.m_blockchain = []

        self.wallet = Wallet()

        # FIXME: should self.mining_address be self.staking_address
        self.mining_address = self.wallet.address_bundle[0].xmss.get_address()

        self.initialize()
        self.ping_list = []
        self.ip_list = []
        self.blockheight_map = []
        self.stake_list = []
        self.stake_commit = []
        self.block_chain_buffer = None  # Initialized by node.py
        self.prev_txpool = [None] * 1000  # TODO: use python dequeue
        self.pending_tx_pool = []
        self.pending_tx_pool_hash = []
        self.duplicate_tx_pool = OrderedDict()
        self.stake_reveal_one = []
        self.stake_ban_list = []
        self.stake_ban_block = {}
        self.stake_validator_latency = defaultdict(dict)

        self.chain_dat_filename = os.path.join(config.user.data_path,
                                               config.dev.mnemonic_filename)
Example #2
0
 def test_getnewaddress2(self):
     wallet = Wallet(None)
     address = wallet.get_new_address(seed=TestWallet.S1)
     self.assertEqual(
         address[0],
         'Q04402be77fb7df9c755883b066f1f33254a19d244c4dbae41b94f88a32b88a5921c7'
     )
Example #3
0
 def test_getnewaddress(self):
     with self.setWalletDir("test_wallet"):
         wallet = Wallet()
         S1 = hstr2bin(
             '7bf1e7c1c84be2c820211572d990c0430e09401053ce2af489ee3e4d030c027464d9cac1fff449a2405b7f3fc63018a4'
         )
         address = wallet.get_new_address(seed=S1)
         self.assertIsNotNone(address.address)
         self.assertEqual(
             'Q56e5d6410a5716e548d89ca27b8f057122af9560ba3cd8aa99879f32758330267811af83',
             address.address)
Example #4
0
        def test_getnewaddress(self):
            state = State()
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)

            wallet = Wallet(None)
            address = wallet.get_new_address()

            chain = Chain(state)
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)

            wallet = Wallet(chain)
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)
Example #5
0
 def test_create_wallet(self):
     with self.setWalletDir("no_wallet"):
         wallet = Wallet()
         self.assertIsNotNone(wallet)
         wallet_file_path = os.path.join(config.user.wallet_path,
                                         "wallet.qrl")
         self.assertTrue(isfile(wallet_file_path))
Example #6
0
        def test_create_wallet(self):
            state = State()
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)

            chain = Chain(state)
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)

            wallet = Wallet(chain)
            self.assertIsNotNone(state)
Example #7
0
    def test_upgrade_wallet(self):
        with self.setWalletDir("old_wallet"):
            wallet_file_path = os.path.join(config.user.wallet_path,
                                            "wallet.qrl")
            self.assertFalse(
                isfile(wallet_file_path))  # New wallet is NOT there

            wallet = Wallet()

            self.assertIsNotNone(wallet)
            self.assertTrue(
                isfile(wallet_file_path))  # Now the new wallet appears
Example #8
0
class Chain:
    def __init__(self, state):
        self.state = state
        self.version_number = config.dev.version_number
        self.transaction_pool = []
        self.txhash_timestamp = []
        self.m_blockchain = []

        self.wallet = Wallet()

        # FIXME: should self.mining_address be self.staking_address
        self.mining_address = self.wallet.address_bundle[0].xmss.get_address()

        self.initialize()
        self.ping_list = []
        self.ip_list = []
        self.blockheight_map = []
        self.stake_list = []
        self.stake_commit = []
        self.block_chain_buffer = None  # Initialized by node.py
        self.prev_txpool = [None] * 1000  # TODO: use python dequeue
        self.pending_tx_pool = []
        self.pending_tx_pool_hash = []
        self.duplicate_tx_pool = OrderedDict()
        self.stake_reveal_one = []
        self.stake_ban_list = []
        self.stake_ban_block = {}
        self.stake_validator_latency = defaultdict(dict)

        self.chain_dat_filename = os.path.join(config.user.data_path,
                                               config.dev.mnemonic_filename)

    def add_tx_to_duplicate_pool(self, duplicate_txn):
        if len(self.duplicate_tx_pool) >= config.dev.transaction_pool_size:
            self.duplicate_tx_pool.popitem(last=False)

        self.duplicate_tx_pool[
            duplicate_txn.get_message_hash()] = duplicate_txn

    def initialize(self):
        logger.info('QRL blockchain ledger %s', self.version_number)
        logger.info('loading db')
        logger.info('loading wallet')
        logger.info('mining/staking address %s', self.mining_address)

    def validate_reboot(self, mhash, nonce):
        reboot_data = [
            '2920c8ec34f04f59b7df4284a4b41ca8cbec82ccdde331dd2d64cc89156af653',
            0
        ]
        try:
            reboot_data_db = self.state.db.get('reboot_data')
            reboot_data = reboot_data_db
        except:
            pass

        if reboot_data[1] >= nonce:  # already used
            msg = 'nonce in db ' + str(reboot_data[1])
            msg += '\nnonce provided ' + str(nonce)
            return None, msg

        reboot_data[1] = nonce
        output = mhash
        for i in range(0, reboot_data[1]):
            output = sha256(output)

        if output != reboot_data[0]:
            msg = 'expected hash ' + str(reboot_data[0])
            msg += '\nhash found ' + str(output)
            msg += '\nnonce provided ' + str(nonce) + "\n"
            return None, msg
        # reboot_data[1] += 1
        # self.state.db.put('reboot_data', reboot_data)

        return True, 'Success'

    def generate_reboot_hash(self, key, nonce=None, blocknumber=0):
        reboot_data = [
            '2920c8ec34f04f59b7df4284a4b41ca8cbec82ccdde331dd2d64cc89156af653',
            0
        ]

        try:
            reboot_data = self.state.db.get('reboot_data')
        except:
            pass
        if nonce:
            if reboot_data[1] > nonce:
                return None, 'Nonce must be greater than or equals to ' + str(
                    reboot_data[1]) + '\r\n'
            reboot_data[1] = int(nonce)

        output = sha256(key)
        for i in range(0, 40000 - reboot_data[1]):
            output = sha256(output)

        status, error = self.validate_reboot(output, reboot_data[1])
        if not status:
            return None, error

        return json.dumps({
            'hash': output,
            'nonce': reboot_data[1],
            'blocknumber': int(blocknumber)
        }), "Reboot Initiated\r\n"

    def get_sv(self, terminator):
        for s in self.state.stake_list_get():
            if terminator in s[1]:
                return s[0]

        return None

    def reveal_to_terminator(self, reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=0):
        tmp = sha256(reveal)
        epoch = blocknumber // config.dev.blocks_per_epoch
        for _ in range(blocknumber - (epoch * config.dev.blocks_per_epoch) +
                       add_loop):
            tmp = sha256(tmp)
        return tmp

    def select_hashchain(self,
                         last_block_headerhash,
                         stake_address=None,
                         hashchain=None,
                         blocknumber=None):

        if not hashchain:
            for s in self.block_chain_buffer.stake_list_get(blocknumber):
                if s[0] == stake_address:
                    hashchain = s[1]
                    break

        if not hashchain:
            return

        target_chain = 0

        for byte in last_block_headerhash:
            target_chain += byte

        target_chain = (target_chain - 1) % (config.dev.hashchain_nums - 1
                                             )  # 1 Primary hashchain size

        return hashchain[-1], hashchain[target_chain]

    def select_winners(self,
                       reveals,
                       topN=1,
                       blocknumber=None,
                       block=None,
                       seed=None):
        winners = None
        if not seed:
            logger.info('Exception raised due to Seed is None')
            raise Exception
        if blocknumber:
            winners = heapq.nsmallest(
                topN,
                reveals,
                key=lambda reveal: self.score(
                    stake_address=self.get_sv(
                        self.reveal_to_terminator(
                            reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=1)),
                    reveal_one=reveal,
                    balance=self.block_chain_buffer.get_st_balance(
                        self.get_sv(
                            self.reveal_to_terminator(
                                reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=1)), blocknumber
                    ),
                    seed=seed)
            )  # blocknumber+1 as we have one extra hash for the reveal
            return winners

        winners = heapq.nsmallest(
            topN, reveals, key=lambda reveal: reveal[4])  # reveal[4] is score
        winners_dict = {}
        for winner in winners:
            winners_dict[winner[3]] = winner  # winner[3] is reveal_one
        return winners_dict

    @staticmethod
    def score(stake_address, reveal_one, balance=0, seed=None, verbose=False):
        if not seed:
            logger.info('Exception Raised due to seed none in score fn')
            raise Exception

        if not balance:
            logger.info(' balance 0 so score none ')
            logger.info(' stake_address %s', stake_address)
            return None

        reveal_one_number = int(bin2hstr(reveal_one), 16)
        score = (Decimal(config.dev.N) -
                 (Decimal(reveal_one_number | seed).log10() /
                  Decimal(2).log10())) / Decimal(balance)

        if verbose:
            logger.info('=' * 10)
            logger.info('Score - %s', score)
            logger.info('reveal_one - %s', reveal_one_number)
            logger.info('seed - %s', seed)
            logger.info('balance - %s', balance)

        return score

    def update_pending_tx_pool(self, tx, peer):
        if len(self.pending_tx_pool) >= config.dev.transaction_pool_size:
            del self.pending_tx_pool[0]
            del self.pending_tx_pool_hash[0]
        self.pending_tx_pool.append([tx, peer])
        self.pending_tx_pool_hash.append(tx.txhash)

    def get_stake_validators_hash(self):
        sv_hash = StringIO()
        stake_validators_list = self.state.stake_validators_list
        for staker in stake_validators_list.sv_list:
            balance = self.state.state_balance(staker)
            sv_hash.write(staker + str(balance))
        sv_hash = sha256(sv_hash.getvalue())
        return sv_hash

    # create a block from a list of supplied tx_hashes, check state to ensure validity..
    def create_stake_block(self, reveal_hash, vote_hash, last_block_number):
        t_pool2 = copy.deepcopy(self.transaction_pool)

        del self.transaction_pool[:]
        curr_epoch = (last_block_number + 1) // config.dev.blocks_per_epoch
        # recreate the transaction pool as in the tx_hash_list, ordered by txhash..
        tx_nonce = defaultdict(int)
        total_txn = len(t_pool2)
        txnum = 0
        while txnum < total_txn:
            tx = t_pool2[txnum]
            if self.block_chain_buffer.pubhashExists(tx.txfrom, tx.pubhash,
                                                     last_block_number + 1):
                del t_pool2[txnum]
                total_txn -= 1
                continue
            if tx.subtype == TX_SUBTYPE_STAKE:
                epoch_blocknum = last_block_number + 1 - (
                    curr_epoch * config.dev.blocks_per_epoch)

                # skip 1st st txn without tx.first_hash in case its beyond allowed epoch blocknumber
                if (not tx.first_hash
                    ) and epoch_blocknum >= config.dev.stake_before_x_blocks:
                    logger.warning(
                        'Skipping st as blocknumber beyond stake limit , CreateBlock()'
                    )
                    logger.warning(
                        'Expected ST txn before epoch_blocknumber : %s',
                        config.dev.stake_before_x_blocks)
                    logger.warning('Found ST txn in epoch_blocknumber : %s',
                                   epoch_blocknum)
                    del t_pool2[txnum]
                    total_txn -= 1
                    continue
                if tx.epoch != curr_epoch:
                    logger.warning(
                        'Skipping st as epoch mismatch, CreateBlock()')
                    logger.warning('Expected st epoch : %s', curr_epoch)
                    logger.warning('Found st epoch : %s', tx.epoch)
                    del t_pool2[txnum]
                    total_txn -= 1
                    continue
                balance = 0
                next_sv_list = self.block_chain_buffer.next_stake_list_get(
                    last_block_number + 1)
                if tx.txfrom in next_sv_list:
                    balance = next_sv_list[tx.txfrom].balance
                    threshold_blocknum = self.block_chain_buffer.get_threshold(
                        last_block_number + 1, tx.txfrom)
                    if epoch_blocknum < threshold_blocknum - 1:
                        logger.warning(
                            'Skipping st as ST txn before threshold')
                        logger.warning('Expected : %s', threshold_blocknum - 1)
                        logger.warning('Found : %s', epoch_blocknum)
                        del t_pool2[txnum]
                        total_txn -= 1
                        continue
                # balance>0 only in case 1st st already accepted
                if not (balance > 0 or last_block_number == 0):
                    if tx.first_hash:
                        del t_pool2[txnum]
                        total_txn -= 1
                        continue
            self.add_tx_to_pool(tx)
            tx_nonce[tx.txfrom] += 1
            tx.nonce = self.block_chain_buffer.get_stxn_state(
                last_block_number + 1, tx.txfrom)[0] + tx_nonce[tx.txfrom]
            txnum += 1

        # create the block..
        block_obj = self.m_create_block(reveal_hash, vote_hash,
                                        last_block_number)
        # reset the pool back
        self.transaction_pool = copy.deepcopy(t_pool2)

        return block_obj

    # return a sorted list of txhashes from transaction_pool, sorted by timestamp from block n
    # (actually from start of transaction_pool) to time, then ordered by txhash.
    def sorted_tx_pool(self, timestamp=None):
        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = time()
        pool = copy.deepcopy(self.transaction_pool)
        trimmed_pool = []
        end_time = timestamp
        for tx in pool:
            if self.txhash_timestamp[self.txhash_timestamp.index(tx.txhash) +
                                     1] <= end_time:
                trimmed_pool.append(tx.txhash)

        trimmed_pool.sort()

        if not trimmed_pool:
            return False

        return trimmed_pool

    def is_stake_banned(self, stake_address):
        if stake_address in self.stake_ban_list:
            epoch_diff = (self.height() / config.dev.blocks_per_epoch) - (
                self.stake_ban_block[stake_address] /
                config.dev.blocks_per_epoch)
            if self.height(
            ) - self.stake_ban_block[stake_address] > 10 or epoch_diff > 0:
                logger.info('Stake removed from ban list')
                del self.stake_ban_block[stake_address]
                self.stake_ban_list.remove(stake_address)
                return False
            return True

        return False

    def pos_block_pool(self, n=1.5):
        """
        create a snapshot of the transaction pool to account for network traversal time (probably less than 300ms, but let's give a window of 1.5 seconds).
        :param n:
        :return: list of merkle root hashes of the tx pool over last 1.5 seconds
        """
        timestamp = time()
        start_time = timestamp - n

        x = self.sorted_tx_pool(start_time)
        y = self.sorted_tx_pool(timestamp)
        if not y:  # if pool is empty -> return sha256 null
            return [sha256('')], [[]]
        elif x == y:  # if the pool isnt empty but there is no difference then return the only merkle hash possible..
            return [merkle_tx_hash(y)], [y]
        else:  # there is a difference in contents of pool over last 1.5 seconds..
            merkle_hashes = []
            txhashes = []
            if not x:
                merkle_hashes.append(sha256(''))
                x = []
                txhashes.append(x)
            else:
                merkle_hashes.append(merkle_tx_hash(x))
                txhashes.append(x)
            tmp_txhashes = x

            for tx in reversed(self.transaction_pool):
                if tx.txhash in y and tx.txhash not in x:
                    tmp_txhashes.append(tx.txhash)
                    tmp_txhashes.sort()
                    merkle_hashes.append(merkle_tx_hash(tmp_txhashes))
                    txhashes.append(tmp_txhashes)

            return merkle_hashes, txhashes

    @staticmethod
    def pos_block_selector(seed, n):
        """
        create the PRF selector sequence based upon a seed and number
        of stakers in list (temporary..there are better ways to do this
        with bigger seed value, but it works)
        :param seed:
        :param n:
        :return:
        """
        prf = getHashChainSeed(seed, 1, 20000)

        # FIXME: Check with cyyber the purpose of this
        prf_range = []
        n_bits = int(ceil(log(n, 2)))
        for z in prf:
            x = ord(z) >> 8 - n_bits
            if x < n:
                prf_range.append(x)

        return prf_range

    def pos_block_selector_n(self, seed, n, i):
        """
        return the POS staker list position for given seed at index, i
        :param seed:
        :param n:
        :param i:
        :return:
        """
        l = self.pos_block_selector(seed, n)
        return l[i]

    #### move from here
    # tx, address chain search functions

    def search_telnet(self, txcontains, islong=1):
        tx_list = []
        hrs_list = []

        # because we allow hrs substitution in txto for transactions, we need to identify where this occurs for searching..

        if txcontains[0] == 'Q':
            for block in self.m_blockchain:
                for tx in block.transactions:
                    if tx.txfrom == txcontains:
                        if len(tx.hrs) > 0:
                            if self.state.state_hrs(tx.hrs) == txcontains:
                                hrs_list.append(tx.hrs)

        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains or tx.txto in hrs_list:
                if islong == 0:
                    tx_list.append('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash +
                                   ' <transaction_pool>')
                if islong == 1: tx_list.append(json_print_telnet(tx))

        for block in self.m_blockchain:
            for tx in block.transactions:
                if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains or tx.txto in hrs_list:
                    # logger.info(( txcontains, 'found in block',str(block.blockheader.blocknumber),'..'
                    if islong == 0:
                        tx_list.append('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash +
                                       ' <block> ' +
                                       str(block.blockheader.blocknumber))
                    if islong == 1: tx_list.append(json_print_telnet(tx))
        return tx_list

    def search(self, txcontains, islong=1):
        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains:
                logger.info('%s found in transaction pool..', txcontains)
                if islong == 1: json_print(tx)
        for block in self.m_blockchain:
            for tx in block.transactions:
                if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains:
                    logger.info('%s found in block %s', txcontains,
                                str(block.blockheader.blocknumber))
                    if islong == 0: logger.info(('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash))
                    if islong == 1: json_print(tx)
        return

    @staticmethod
    def get_chaindatafile(epoch):
        baseDir = os.path.join(config.user.data_path,
                               config.dev.chain_file_directory)
        config.create_path(baseDir)
        return os.path.join(baseDir, 'chain.da' + str(epoch))

    def f_read_chain(self, epoch):
        delimiter = config.dev.binary_file_delimiter
        block_list = []
        if os.path.isfile(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch)) is False:
            if epoch != 0:
                return []
            logger.info('Creating new chain file')
            genesis_block = GenesisBlock().set_chain(self)
            block_list.append(genesis_block)
            return block_list

        try:
            with open(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch), 'rb') as myfile:
                jsonBlock = bytearray()
                tmp = bytearray()
                count = 0
                offset = 0
                while True:
                    chars = myfile.read(config.dev.chain_read_buffer_size)
                    for char in chars:
                        offset += 1
                        if count > 0 and char != delimiter[count]:
                            count = 0
                            jsonBlock += tmp
                            tmp = bytearray()
                        if char == delimiter[count]:
                            tmp.append(delimiter[count])
                            count += 1
                            if count < len(delimiter):
                                continue
                            tmp = bytearray()
                            count = 0
                            pos = offset - len(delimiter) - len(jsonBlock)
                            jsonBlock = bz2.decompress(jsonBlock)
                            block = Block.from_json(jsonBlock)
                            self.update_block_metadata(
                                block.blockheader.blocknumber, pos,
                                len(jsonBlock))
                            block_list.append(block)
                            jsonBlock = bytearray()
                            continue
                        jsonBlock.append(char)
                    if len(chars) < config.dev.chain_read_buffer_size:
                        break
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error('IO error %s', e)
            return []

        gc.collect()
        return block_list

    def update_block_metadata(self, blocknumber, blockPos, blockSize):
        self.state.db.db.Put(
            bytes('block_' + str(blocknumber), 'utf-8'),
            bytes(str(blockPos) + ',' + str(blockSize), 'utf-8'))

    def update_last_tx(self, block):
        if len(block.transactions) == 0:
            return
        last_txn = []
        try:
            last_txn = self.state.db.get('last_txn')
        except:
            pass
        for txn in block.transactions[-20:]:
            if txn.subtype == TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                last_txn.insert(0, [
                    txn.transaction_to_json(), block.blockheader.blocknumber,
                    block.blockheader.timestamp
                ])
        del last_txn[20:]
        self.state.db.put('last_txn', last_txn)

    def update_wallet_tx_metadata(self, addr, new_txhash):
        try:
            txhash = self.state.db.get('txn_' + addr)
        except Exception:
            txhash = []
        txhash.append(bin2hstr(new_txhash))
        self.state.db.put('txn_' + addr, txhash)

    def update_txn_count(self, txto, txfrom):
        last_count = self.state.state_get_txn_count(txto)
        self.state.db.put('txn_count_' + txto, last_count + 1)
        last_count = self.state.state_get_txn_count(txfrom)
        self.state.db.put('txn_count_' + txfrom, last_count + 1)

    def update_tx_metadata(self, block):
        if len(block.transactions) == 0:
            return

        for txn in block.transactions:
            if txn.subtype in (TX_SUBTYPE_TX, TX_SUBTYPE_COINBASE):
                self.state.db.put(bin2hstr(txn.txhash), [
                    txn.transaction_to_json(), block.blockheader.blocknumber,
                    block.blockheader.timestamp
                ])
                if txn.subtype == TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                    self.update_wallet_tx_metadata(txn.txfrom, txn.txhash)
                self.update_wallet_tx_metadata(txn.txto, txn.txhash)
                self.update_txn_count(txn.txto, txn.txfrom)

    def f_write_m_blockchain(self):
        blocknumber = self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber
        suffix = int(blocknumber // config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file)
        writeable = self.m_blockchain[-config.dev.disk_writes_after_x_blocks:]
        logger.info('Appending data to chain')

        with open(self.get_chaindatafile(suffix), 'ab') as myfile:
            for block in writeable:
                jsonBlock = bytes(json_bytestream(block), 'utf-8')
                compressedBlock = bz2.compress(jsonBlock,
                                               config.dev.compression_level)
                pos = myfile.tell()
                blockSize = len(compressedBlock)
                self.update_block_metadata(block.blockheader.blocknumber, pos,
                                           blockSize)
                myfile.write(compressedBlock)
                myfile.write(config.dev.binary_file_delimiter)

        del self.m_blockchain[:-1]
        gc.collect()
        return

    def load_chain_by_epoch(self, epoch):

        chains = self.f_read_chain(epoch)
        self.m_blockchain.append(chains[0])
        self.state.state_read_genesis(self.m_get_block(0))
        self.block_chain_buffer = ChainBuffer(self)

        for block in chains[1:]:
            self.add_block_mainchain(block, validate=False)
        return self.m_blockchain

    def add_block_mainchain(self, block, validate=True):
        return self.block_chain_buffer.add_block_mainchain(chain=self,
                                                           block=block,
                                                           validate=validate)

    def m_load_chain(self):

        del self.m_blockchain[:]
        self.state.db.zero_all_addresses()
        chains = self.f_read_chain(0)
        self.m_blockchain.append(chains[0])
        self.state.state_read_genesis(self.m_get_block(0))
        self.block_chain_buffer = ChainBuffer(self)

        for block in chains[1:]:
            self.add_block_mainchain(block, validate=False)

        if len(self.m_blockchain) < config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file:
            return self.m_blockchain

        epoch = 1
        while os.path.isfile(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch)):
            del self.m_blockchain[:-1]
            chains = self.f_read_chain(epoch)

            for block in chains:
                self.add_block_mainchain(block, validate=False)
            epoch += 1
        self.wallet.save_wallet()
        gc.collect()
        return self.m_blockchain

    def m_read_chain(self):
        if not self.m_blockchain:
            self.m_load_chain()
        return self.m_blockchain

    def load_from_file(self, blocknum):
        epoch = int(blocknum // config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file)
        with open(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch), 'rb') as f:
            pos_size = self.state.db.db.Get(
                bytes('block_' + str(blocknum), 'utf-8'))
            pos, size = pos_size.decode('utf-8').split(',')
            pos = int(pos)
            size = int(size)
            f.seek(pos)
            jsonBlock = bz2.decompress(f.read(size))
            block = Block.from_json(jsonBlock)
            return block

    def m_get_block(self, n):

        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            return []

        beginning_blocknum = self.m_blockchain[0].blockheader.blocknumber
        diff = n - beginning_blocknum

        if diff < 0:
            return self.load_from_file(n)

        if diff < len(self.m_blockchain):
            return self.m_blockchain[diff]

        return []

    def m_get_last_block(self):
        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            return False
        return self.m_blockchain[-1]

    def m_create_block(self, reveal_hash, vote_hash, last_block_number=-1):
        myBlock = Block()
        myBlock.create(self, reveal_hash, vote_hash, last_block_number)

        slave_xmss = self.block_chain_buffer.get_slave_xmss(last_block_number +
                                                            1)
        self.wallet.save_slave(slave_xmss)
        return myBlock

    def m_add_block(self, block_obj):
        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            self.m_read_chain()

        if block_obj.validate_block(chain=self) is True:
            if self.state.state_add_block(self, block_obj) is True:
                self.m_blockchain.append(block_obj)
                self.remove_tx_in_block_from_pool(block_obj)
            else:
                logger.info(
                    'last block failed state/stake checks, removed from chain')
                self.state.state_validate_tx_pool(self)
                return False
        else:
            logger.info('m_add_block failed - block failed validation.')
            return False
        self.m_f_sync_chain()
        return True

    def m_remove_last_block(self):
        if not self.m_blockchain:
            self.m_read_chain()
        self.m_blockchain.pop()

    def m_blockheight(self):
        # return len(self.m_read_chain()) - 1
        return self.height()

    def height(self):
        if len(self.m_blockchain):
            return self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber
        return -1

    def m_info_block(self, n):
        if n > self.m_blockheight():
            logger.info('No such block exists yet..')
            return False
        b = self.m_get_block(n)
        logger.info(('Block: ', b, str(b.blockheader.blocknumber)))
        logger.info(('Blocksize, ', str(len(json_bytestream(b)))))
        logger.info(('Number of transactions: ', str(len(b.transactions))))
        logger.info(('Validates: ', b.validate_block(self)))

    def m_f_sync_chain(self):
        if (self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber +
                1) % config.dev.disk_writes_after_x_blocks == 0:
            self.f_write_m_blockchain()
        return

    def m_verify_chain(self, verbose=0):
        for block in self.m_read_chain()[1:]:
            if not block.validate_block(self):
                return False
        return True

    # validate and update stake+state for newly appended block.
    # can be streamlined to reduce repetition in the added components..
    # finish next epoch code..

    def add_tx_to_pool(self, tx_class_obj):
        self.transaction_pool.append(tx_class_obj)
        self.txhash_timestamp.append(tx_class_obj.txhash)
        self.txhash_timestamp.append(time())

    def remove_tx_from_pool(self, tx_class_obj):
        self.transaction_pool.remove(tx_class_obj)
        self.txhash_timestamp.pop(
            self.txhash_timestamp.index(tx_class_obj.txhash) + 1)
        self.txhash_timestamp.remove(tx_class_obj.txhash)

    def show_tx_pool(self):
        return self.transaction_pool

    def remove_tx_in_block_from_pool(self, block_obj):
        for tx in block_obj.transactions:
            for txn in self.transaction_pool:
                if tx.txhash == txn.txhash:
                    self.remove_tx_from_pool(txn)

    def flush_tx_pool(self):
        del self.transaction_pool[:]

    def validate_tx_pool(
            self):  # invalid transactions are auto removed from pool..
        for tr in self.transaction_pool:
            if tr.validate_tx() is False:
                self.remove_tx_from_pool(tr)
                logger.info(('invalid tx: ', tr, 'removed from pool'))

        return True

    def create_my_tx(self, txfrom, txto, amount, fee=0):
        if isinstance(txto, int):
            txto = self.wallet.address_bundle[txto].address

        xmss = self.wallet.address_bundle[txfrom].xmss
        tx_state = self.block_chain_buffer.get_stxn_state(
            self.block_chain_buffer.height() + 1, xmss.get_address())
        tx = SimpleTransaction().create(tx_state=tx_state,
                                        txto=txto,
                                        amount=amount,
                                        xmss=xmss,
                                        fee=fee)

        if tx and tx.state_validate_tx(tx_state=tx_state,
                                       transaction_pool=self.transaction_pool):
            self.add_tx_to_pool(tx)
            self.wallet.save_wallet()
            # need to keep state after tx ..use self.wallet.info to store index..
            # far faster than loading the 55mb self.wallet..
            return tx

        return False
Example #9
0
class Chain:
    def __init__(self, state):
        self.state = state
        self.version_number = config.dev.version_number
        self.transaction_pool = []
        self.txhash_timestamp = []
        self.m_blockchain = []

        self.wallet = Wallet(self, state)
        self.my = self.wallet.f_read_wallet()

        self.mining_address = self.my[0][1].address
        self.initialize()
        self.ping_list = []
        self.ip_list = []
        self.blockheight_map = []
        self.stake_list = []
        self.stake_commit = []
        self.block_chain_buffer = None  # Initialized by node.py
        self.prev_txpool = [None] * 1000  # TODO: use python dequeue
        self.pending_tx_pool = []
        self.pending_tx_pool_hash = []
        self.stake_reveal_one = []
        self.stake_ban_list = []
        self.stake_ban_block = {}
        self.stake_validator_latency = defaultdict(dict)

        self.chain_dat_filename = os.path.join(config.user.data_path,
                                               config.dev.mnemonic_filename)

    def initialize(self):
        logger.info('QRL blockchain ledger %s', self.version_number)
        logger.info('loading db')
        logger.info('loading wallet')

        self.wallet.f_load_winfo()

        logger.info('mining/staking address %s', self.mining_address)

    def validate_reboot(self, mhash, nonce):
        reboot_data = [
            '2920c8ec34f04f59b7df4284a4b41ca8cbec82ccdde331dd2d64cc89156af653',
            0
        ]
        try:
            reboot_data_db = self.state.db.get('reboot_data')
            reboot_data = reboot_data_db
        except:
            pass

        if reboot_data[1] >= nonce:  # already used
            msg = 'nonce in db ' + str(reboot_data[1])
            msg += '\nnonce provided ' + str(nonce)
            return None, msg

        reboot_data[1] = nonce
        output = mhash
        for i in range(0, reboot_data[1]):
            output = sha256(output)

        if output != reboot_data[0]:
            msg = 'expected hash ' + str(reboot_data[0])
            msg += '\nhash found ' + str(output)
            msg += '\nnonce provided ' + str(nonce) + "\n"
            return None, msg
        # reboot_data[1] += 1
        # self.state.db.put('reboot_data', reboot_data)

        return True, 'Success'

    def generate_reboot_hash(self, key, nonce=None, blocknumber=0):
        reboot_data = [
            '2920c8ec34f04f59b7df4284a4b41ca8cbec82ccdde331dd2d64cc89156af653',
            0
        ]

        try:
            reboot_data = self.state.db.get('reboot_data')
        except:
            pass
        if nonce:
            if reboot_data[1] > nonce:
                return None, 'Nonce must be greater than or equals to ' + str(
                    reboot_data[1]) + '\r\n'
            reboot_data[1] = int(nonce)

        output = sha256(key)
        for i in range(0, 40000 - reboot_data[1]):
            output = sha256(output)

        status, error = self.validate_reboot(output, reboot_data[1])
        if not status:
            return None, error

        return json.dumps({
            'hash': output,
            'nonce': reboot_data[1],
            'blocknumber': int(blocknumber)
        }), "Reboot Initiated\r\n"

    def get_sv(self, terminator):
        for s in self.state.stake_list_get():
            if terminator in s[1]:
                return s[0]

        return None

    def reveal_to_terminator(self, reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=0):
        tmp = sha256(reveal)
        epoch = blocknumber // config.dev.blocks_per_epoch
        for _ in range(blocknumber - (epoch * config.dev.blocks_per_epoch) +
                       add_loop):
            tmp = sha256(tmp)
        return tmp

    def select_hashchain(self,
                         last_block_headerhash,
                         stake_address=None,
                         hashchain=None,
                         blocknumber=None):

        if not hashchain:
            for s in self.block_chain_buffer.stake_list_get(blocknumber):
                if s[0] == stake_address:
                    hashchain = s[1]
                    break

        if not hashchain:
            return

        target_chain = 0
        for byte in last_block_headerhash:
            target_chain += ord(byte)

        target_chain = (target_chain - 1) % (config.dev.hashchain_nums - 1
                                             )  # 1 Primary hashchain size

        return hashchain[-1], hashchain[target_chain]

    def select_winners(self,
                       reveals,
                       topN=1,
                       blocknumber=None,
                       block=None,
                       seed=None):
        winners = None
        if not seed:
            logger.info('Exception raised due to Seed is None')
            raise Exception
        if blocknumber:
            winners = heapq.nsmallest(
                topN,
                reveals,
                key=lambda reveal: self.score(
                    stake_address=self.get_sv(
                        self.reveal_to_terminator(
                            reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=1)),
                    reveal_one=reveal,
                    balance=self.block_chain_buffer.get_st_balance(
                        self.get_sv(
                            self.reveal_to_terminator(
                                reveal, blocknumber, add_loop=1)), blocknumber
                    ),
                    seed=seed)
            )  # blocknumber+1 as we have one extra hash for the reveal
            return winners

        winners = heapq.nsmallest(
            topN, reveals, key=lambda reveal: reveal[4])  # reveal[4] is score
        winners_dict = {}
        for winner in winners:
            winners_dict[winner[3]] = winner  # winner[3] is reveal_one
        return winners_dict

    @staticmethod
    def score(stake_address, reveal_one, balance=0, seed=None, verbose=False):
        if not seed:
            logger.info('Exception Raised due to seed none in score fn')
            raise Exception

        if not balance:
            logger.info(' balance 0 so score none ')
            logger.info(' stake_address %s', stake_address)
            return None

        reveal_one_number = int(reveal_one, 16)
        score = (Decimal(config.dev.N) -
                 (Decimal(reveal_one_number | seed).log10() /
                  Decimal(2).log10())) / Decimal(balance)

        if verbose:
            logger.info('Score - %s', score)
            logger.info('reveal_one - %ld', reveal_one_number)
            logger.info('seed - %ld', seed)
            logger.info('balance - %ld', balance)

        return score

    def update_pending_tx_pool(self, tx, peer):
        if len(self.pending_tx_pool) >= config.dev.blocks_per_epoch:
            del self.pending_tx_pool[0]
            del self.pending_tx_pool_hash[0]
        self.pending_tx_pool.append([tx, peer])
        self.pending_tx_pool_hash.append(tx.txhash)

    def get_stake_validators_hash(self):
        sv_hash = StringIO()
        stakers = self.state.stake_list_get()
        for staker in stakers:
            balance = self.state.state_balance(staker[0])
            sv_hash.write(staker[0] + str(balance))
        sv_hash = sha256(sv_hash.getvalue())
        return sv_hash

    # create a block from a list of supplied tx_hashes, check state to ensure validity..
    def create_stake_block(self, hashchain_hash, reveal_list, vote_hashes,
                           last_block_number):

        t_pool2 = copy.deepcopy(self.transaction_pool)

        del self.transaction_pool[:]
        curr_epoch = int((last_block_number + 1) / config.dev.blocks_per_epoch)
        # recreate the transaction pool as in the tx_hash_list, ordered by txhash..
        d = defaultdict(int)

        for tx in t_pool2:
            if self.block_chain_buffer.pubhashExists(tx.txfrom, tx.pubhash,
                                                     last_block_number + 1):
                continue
            if tx.subtype == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_STAKE:
                epoch_blocknum = last_block_number - (
                    curr_epoch * config.dev.blocks_per_epoch)

                # skip 1st st txn without tx.first_hash in case its beyond allowed epoch blocknumber
                if (not tx.first_hash
                    ) and epoch_blocknum >= config.dev.stake_before_x_blocks:
                    continue

                if tx.epoch != curr_epoch:
                    logger.warning(
                        'Skipping st as epoch mismatch, CreateBlock()')
                    logger.warning('Expected st epoch : %s', curr_epoch)
                    logger.warning('Found st epoch : %s', tx.epoch)
                    continue
                balance = 0
                for st in self.block_chain_buffer.next_stake_list_get(
                        last_block_number + 1):
                    if st[1] == tx.hash:
                        balance = st[-1]
                        break
                # balance>0 only in case 1st st txn without first_hash done
                if not (balance > 0 or last_block_number == 0):
                    if tx.first_hash:
                        continue
            self.add_tx_to_pool(tx)
            d[tx.txfrom] += 1
            tx.nonce = self.block_chain_buffer.get_stxn_state(
                last_block_number + 1, tx.txfrom)[0] + d[tx.txfrom]
            if tx.txfrom == self.mining_address:
                tx.nonce += 1

        # create the block..
        block_obj = self.m_create_block(hashchain_hash, reveal_list,
                                        vote_hashes, last_block_number)

        # reset the pool back
        self.transaction_pool = copy.deepcopy(t_pool2)

        return block_obj

    # return a sorted list of txhashes from transaction_pool, sorted by timestamp from block n
    # (actually from start of transaction_pool) to time, then ordered by txhash.
    def sorted_tx_pool(self, timestamp=None):
        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = time()
        pool = copy.deepcopy(self.transaction_pool)
        trimmed_pool = []
        end_time = timestamp
        for tx in pool:
            if self.txhash_timestamp[self.txhash_timestamp.index(tx.txhash) +
                                     1] <= end_time:
                trimmed_pool.append(tx.txhash)

        trimmed_pool.sort()

        if not trimmed_pool:
            return False

        return trimmed_pool

    @staticmethod
    def closest_hash(list_hash):
        """
        returns the closest hash in numerical terms to merkle root hash of all the supplied hashes..
        :param list_hash:
        :return:
        """

        if isinstance(list_hash, list):
            if len(list_hash) == 1:
                return False, False
        if isinstance(list_hash, str):
            if len(list_hash) == 64:
                return False, False

        list_hash.sort()

        root = merkle_tx_hash(list_hash)

        p = []
        for l in list_hash:
            p.append(int(l, 16))

        closest = closest_number(int(root, 16), p)

        return ''.join(list_hash[p.index(closest)]), root

    def is_stake_banned(self, stake_address):
        if stake_address in self.stake_ban_list:
            epoch_diff = (self.height() / config.dev.blocks_per_epoch) - (
                self.stake_ban_block[stake_address] /
                config.dev.blocks_per_epoch)
            if self.height(
            ) - self.stake_ban_block[stake_address] > 10 or epoch_diff > 0:
                logger.info('Stake removed from ban list')
                del self.stake_ban_block[stake_address]
                self.stake_ban_list.remove(stake_address)
                return False
            return True

        return False

    def pos_block_pool(self, n=1.5):
        """
        create a snapshot of the transaction pool to account for network traversal time (probably less than 300ms, but let's give a window of 1.5 seconds).
        :param n:
        :return: list of merkle root hashes of the tx pool over last 1.5 seconds
        """
        timestamp = time()
        start_time = timestamp - n

        x = self.sorted_tx_pool(start_time)
        y = self.sorted_tx_pool(timestamp)
        if not y:  # if pool is empty -> return sha256 null
            return [sha256('')], [[]]
        elif x == y:  # if the pool isnt empty but there is no difference then return the only merkle hash possible..
            return [merkle_tx_hash(y)], [y]
        else:  # there is a difference in contents of pool over last 1.5 seconds..
            merkle_hashes = []
            txhashes = []
            if not x:
                merkle_hashes.append(sha256(''))
                x = []
                txhashes.append(x)
            else:
                merkle_hashes.append(merkle_tx_hash(x))
                txhashes.append(x)
            tmp_txhashes = x

            for tx in reversed(self.transaction_pool):
                if tx.txhash in y and tx.txhash not in x:
                    tmp_txhashes.append(tx.txhash)
                    tmp_txhashes.sort()
                    merkle_hashes.append(merkle_tx_hash(tmp_txhashes))
                    txhashes.append(tmp_txhashes)

            return merkle_hashes, txhashes

    @staticmethod
    def pos_block_selector(seed, n):
        """
        create the PRF selector sequence based upon a seed and number
        of stakers in list (temporary..there are better ways to do this
        with bigger seed value, but it works)
        :param seed:
        :param n:
        :return:
        """
        n_bits = int(ceil(log(n, 2)))
        prf = GEN_range_bin(seed, 1, 20000, 1)
        prf_range = []
        for z in prf:
            x = ord(z) >> 8 - n_bits
            if x < n:
                prf_range.append(x)
        return prf_range

    def pos_block_selector_n(self, seed, n, i):
        """
        return the POS staker list position for given seed at index, i
        :param seed:
        :param n:
        :param i:
        :return:
        """
        l = self.pos_block_selector(seed, n)
        return l[i]

    #### move from here
    # tx, address chain search functions

    def search_telnet(self, txcontains, islong=1):
        tx_list = []
        hrs_list = []

        # because we allow hrs substitution in txto for transactions, we need to identify where this occurs for searching..

        if txcontains[0] == 'Q':
            for block in self.m_blockchain:
                for tx in block.transactions:
                    if tx.txfrom == txcontains:
                        if len(tx.hrs) > 0:
                            if self.state.state_hrs(tx.hrs) == txcontains:
                                hrs_list.append(tx.hrs)

        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains or tx.txto in hrs_list:
                if islong == 0:
                    tx_list.append('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash +
                                   ' <transaction_pool>')
                if islong == 1: tx_list.append(json_print_telnet(tx))

        for block in self.m_blockchain:
            for tx in block.transactions:
                if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains or tx.txto in hrs_list:
                    # logger.info(( txcontains, 'found in block',str(block.blockheader.blocknumber),'..'
                    if islong == 0:
                        tx_list.append('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash +
                                       ' <block> ' +
                                       str(block.blockheader.blocknumber))
                    if islong == 1: tx_list.append(json_print_telnet(tx))
        return tx_list

    # used for port 80 api - produces JSON output of a specific tx hash, including status of tx, in a block or unconfirmed + timestampe of parent block

    def search_txhash(self, txhash):  # txhash is unique due to nonce.
        err = {
            'status': 'Error',
            'error': 'txhash not found',
            'method': 'txhash',
            'parameter': txhash
        }
        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.txhash == txhash:
                logger.info('%s found in transaction pool..', txhash)
                tx_new = copy.deepcopy(tx)
                tx_new.block = 'unconfirmed'
                tx_new.hexsize = len(json_bytestream(tx_new))
                tx_new.status = 'ok'
                return json_print_telnet(tx_new)

        try:
            txn_metadata = self.state.db.get(txhash)
        except:
            logger.info(
                '%s does not exist in memory pool or local blockchain..',
                txhash)
            return json_print_telnet(err)

        json_tx = json.loads(txn_metadata[0])
        if json_tx['subtype'] == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
            tx = SimpleTransaction().json_to_transaction(txn_metadata[0])
        elif json_tx['subtype'] == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_COINBASE:
            tx = CoinBase().json_to_transaction(txn_metadata[0])
        tx_new = copy.deepcopy(tx)
        tx_new.block = txn_metadata[1]
        tx_new.timestamp = txn_metadata[2]
        tx_new.confirmations = self.m_blockheight() - txn_metadata[1]
        tx_new.hexsize = len(json_bytestream(tx_new))
        tx_new.amount = tx_new.amount / 100000000.000000000
        if json_tx['subtype'] == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
            tx_new.fee = tx_new.fee / 100000000.000000000
        logger.info('%s found in block %s', txhash, str(txn_metadata[1]))
        tx_new.status = 'ok'
        return json_print_telnet(tx_new)

    def basic_info(self, address):
        addr = {}

        if not self.state.state_address_used(address):
            addr['status'] = 'error'
            addr['error'] = 'Address not found'
            addr['parameter'] = address
            return json_print_telnet(addr)

        nonce, balance, _ = self.state.state_get_address(address)
        addr['state'] = {}
        addr['state']['address'] = address
        addr['state']['balance'] = balance / 100000000.000000000
        addr['state']['nonce'] = nonce
        addr['state']['transactions'] = self.state.state_get_txn_count(address)
        addr['status'] = 'ok'
        return json_print_telnet(addr)

    # used for port 80 api - produces JSON output reporting every transaction for an address, plus final balance..

    def search_address(self, address):

        addr = {'transactions': []}

        txnhash_added = set()

        if not self.state.state_address_used(address):
            addr['status'] = 'error'
            addr['error'] = 'Address not found'
            addr['parameter'] = address
            return json_print_telnet(addr)

        nonce, balance, pubhash_list = self.state.state_get_address(address)
        addr['state'] = {}
        addr['state']['address'] = address
        addr['state']['balance'] = balance / 100000000.000000000
        addr['state']['nonce'] = nonce

        for s in self.state.stake_list_get():
            if address == s[0]:
                addr['stake'] = {}
                addr['stake']['selector'] = s[2]
                # pubhashes used could be put here..

        tmp_transactions = []
        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.subtype not in (transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX,
                                  transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_COINBASE):
                continue
            if tx.txto == address or tx.txfrom == address:
                logger.info('%s found in transaction pool', address)

                tmp_txn = {
                    'subtype': tx.subtype,
                    'txhash': tx.txhash,
                    'block': 'unconfirmed',
                    'amount': tx.amount / 100000000.000000000,
                    'nonce': tx.nonce,
                    'ots_key': tx.ots_key,
                    'txto': tx.txto,
                    'txfrom': tx.txfrom,
                    'timestamp': 'unconfirmed'
                }

                if tx.subtype == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                    tmp_txn['fee'] = tx.fee / 100000000.000000000

                tmp_transactions.append(tmp_txn)
                txnhash_added.add(tx.txhash)

        addr['transactions'] = tmp_transactions

        my_txn = []
        try:
            my_txn = self.state.db.get('txn_' + address)
        except:
            pass

        for txn_hash in my_txn:
            txn_metadata = self.state.db.get(txn_hash)
            dict_txn_metadata = json.loads(txn_metadata[0])
            if dict_txn_metadata['subtype'] == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                tx = SimpleTransaction().json_to_transaction(txn_metadata[0])
            elif dict_txn_metadata[
                    'subtype'] == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_COINBASE:
                tx = CoinBase().json_to_transaction(txn_metadata[0])

            if (tx.txto == address or tx.txfrom
                    == address) and tx.txhash not in txnhash_added:
                logger.info('%s found in block %s', address,
                            str(txn_metadata[1]))

                tmp_txn = {
                    'subtype': tx.subtype,
                    'txhash': tx.txhash,
                    'block': txn_metadata[1],
                    'timestamp': txn_metadata[2],
                    'amount': tx.amount / 100000000.000000000,
                    'nonce': tx.nonce,
                    'ots_key': tx.ots_key,
                    'txto': tx.txto,
                    'txfrom': tx.txfrom
                }

                if tx.subtype == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                    tmp_txn['fee'] = tx.fee / 100000000.000000000

                addr['transactions'].append(tmp_txn)
                txnhash_added.add(tx.txhash)

        if len(addr['transactions']) > 0:
            addr['state']['transactions'] = len(addr['transactions'])

        if addr == {'transactions': {}}:
            addr = {
                'status': 'error',
                'error': 'address not found',
                'method': 'address',
                'parameter': address
            }
        else:
            addr['status'] = 'ok'

        return json_print_telnet(addr)

    def last_unconfirmed_tx(self, n=1):
        addr = {'transactions': []}
        error = {
            'status': 'error',
            'error': 'invalid argument',
            'method': 'last_tx',
            'parameter': n
        }

        try:
            n = int(n)
        except:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        if n <= 0 or n > 20:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        tx_num = len(self.transaction_pool)
        while tx_num > 0:
            tx_num -= 1
            tx = self.transaction_pool[tx_num]
            if tx.subtype != transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                continue
            tmp_txn = {
                'txhash': tx.txhash,
                'block': 'unconfirmed',
                'timestamp': 'unconfirmed',
                'amount': tx.amount / 100000000.000000000,
                'type': tx.type
            }

            addr['transactions'].append(tmp_txn)

        addr['status'] = 'ok'
        return json_print_telnet(addr)

    # return json info on last n tx in the blockchain

    def last_tx(self, n=1):

        addr = {'transactions': []}
        error = {
            'status': 'error',
            'error': 'invalid argument',
            'method': 'last_tx',
            'parameter': n
        }

        try:
            n = int(n)
        except:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        if n <= 0 or n > 20:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        try:
            last_txn = self.state.db.get('last_txn')
        except Exception:
            error['error'] = 'txnhash not found'
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        n = min(len(last_txn), n)
        while n > 0:
            n -= 1
            tx_meta = last_txn[n]
            tx = SimpleTransaction().json_to_transaction(tx_meta[0])
            tmp_txn = {
                'txhash': tx.txhash,
                'block': tx_meta[1],
                'timestamp': tx_meta[2],
                'amount': tx.amount / 100000000.000000000,
                'type': tx.subtype
            }

            addr['transactions'].append(tmp_txn)
            addr['status'] = 'ok'

        return json_print_telnet(addr)

    def richlist(self, n=None):
        """
        only feasible while chain is small..
        :param n:
        :return:
        """
        if not n:
            n = 5

        error = {
            'status': 'error',
            'error': 'invalid argument',
            'method': 'richlist',
            'parameter': n
        }

        try:
            n = int(n)
        except:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        if n <= 0 or n > 20:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        if not self.state.state_uptodate(self.m_blockheight()):
            return json_print_telnet({
                'status': 'error',
                'error': 'leveldb failed',
                'method': 'richlist'
            })

        addr = self.state.db.return_all_addresses()
        richlist = sorted(addr, key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True)

        rl = {'richlist': {}}

        if len(richlist) < n:
            n = len(richlist)

        for rich in richlist[:n]:
            rl['richlist'][richlist.index(rich) + 1] = {}
            rl['richlist'][richlist.index(rich) + 1]['address'] = rich[0]
            rl['richlist'][richlist.index(rich) +
                           1]['balance'] = rich[1] / 100000000.000000000

        rl['status'] = 'ok'

        return json_print_telnet(rl)

    # return json info on last n blocks

    def last_block(self, n=1):

        error = {
            'status': 'error',
            'error': 'invalid argument',
            'method': 'last_block',
            'parameter': n
        }

        try:
            n = int(n)
        except:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        if n <= 0 or n > 20:
            return json_print_telnet(error)

        lb = []
        beginning = self.height() - n
        for blocknum in range(self.height(), beginning - 1, -1):
            block = self.m_get_block(blocknum)
            lb.append(block)

        last_blocks = {'blocks': []}
        i = 0
        for block in lb[1:]:
            i += 1
            tmp_block = {
                'blocknumber':
                block.blockheader.blocknumber,
                'block_reward':
                block.blockheader.block_reward / 100000000.00000000,
                'blockhash':
                block.blockheader.prev_blockheaderhash,
                'timestamp':
                block.blockheader.timestamp,
                'block_interval':
                lb[i - 1].blockheader.timestamp - block.blockheader.timestamp,
                'number_transactions':
                len(block.transactions)
            }

            last_blocks['blocks'].append(tmp_block)

        last_blocks['status'] = 'ok'

        return json_print_telnet(last_blocks)

    # return json info on stake_commit list

    def stake_commits(self, data=None):

        sc = {'status': 'ok', 'commits': {}}

        for c in self.stake_commit:
            # [stake_address, block_number, merkle_hash_tx, commit_hash]
            sc['commits'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]] = {}
            sc['commits'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['stake_address'] = c[0]
            sc['commits'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['block_number'] = c[1]
            sc['commits'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['merkle_hash_tx'] = c[2]
            sc['commits'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['commit_hash'] = c[3]

        return json_print_telnet(sc)

    def stakers(self, data=None):
        # (stake -> address, hash_term, nonce)
        stakers = {'status': 'ok', 'stake_list': []}

        for s in self.state.stake_list_get():
            tmp_stakers = {
                'address': s[0],
                'balance': self.state.state_balance(s[0]) / 100000000.00000000,
                'hash_terminator': s[1],
                'nonce': s[2]
            }

            stakers['stake_list'].append(tmp_stakers)

        return json_print_telnet(stakers)

    def next_stakers(self, data=None):
        # (stake -> address, hash_term, nonce)
        next_stakers = {'status': 'ok', 'stake_list': []}

        for s in self.state.next_stake_list_get():
            tmp_stakers = {
                'address': s[0],
                'balance': self.state.state_balance(s[0]) / 100000000.00000000,
                'hash_terminator': s[1],
                'nonce': s[2]
            }

            next_stakers['stake_list'].append(tmp_stakers)

        return json_print_telnet(next_stakers)

    @staticmethod
    def exp_win(data=None):
        # TODO: incomplete

        ew = {'status': 'ok', 'expected_winner': {}}

        return json_print_telnet(ew)

    def stake_reveal_ones(self, data=None):

        sr = {'status': 'ok', 'reveals': {}}

        for c in self.stake_reveal_one:
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + str(c[2])] = {}
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + str(c[2])]['stake_address'] = c[0]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + str(c[2])]['block_number'] = c[2]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + str(c[2])]['headerhash'] = c[1]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + str(c[2])]['reveal'] = c[3]

        return json_print_telnet(sr)

    def ip_geotag(self, data=None):

        ip = {'status': 'ok', 'ip_geotag': self.ip_list}

        x = 0
        for i in self.ip_list:
            ip['ip_geotag'][x] = i
            x += 1

        return json_print_telnet(ip)

    def stake_reveals(self, data=None):

        sr = {'status': 'ok', 'reveals': {}}

        # chain.stake_reveal.append([stake_address, block_number, merkle_hash_tx, reveal])
        for c in self.stake_reveal:
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]] = {}
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['stake_address'] = c[0]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['block_number'] = c[1]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['merkle_hash_tx'] = c[2]
            sr['reveals'][str(c[1]) + '-' + c[3]]['reveal'] = c[3]

        return json_print_telnet(sr)

    def search(self, txcontains, islong=1):
        for tx in self.transaction_pool:
            if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains:
                logger.info('%s found in transaction pool..', txcontains)
                if islong == 1: json_print(tx)
        for block in self.m_blockchain:
            for tx in block.transactions:
                if tx.txhash == txcontains or tx.txfrom == txcontains or tx.txto == txcontains:
                    logger.info('%s found in block %s', txcontains,
                                str(block.blockheader.blocknumber))
                    if islong == 0: logger.info(('<tx:txhash> ' + tx.txhash))
                    if islong == 1: json_print(tx)
        return

    @staticmethod
    def get_chaindatafile(epoch):
        baseDir = os.path.join(config.user.data_path,
                               config.dev.chain_file_directory)
        config.create_path(baseDir)
        return os.path.join(baseDir, 'chain.da' + str(epoch))

    def f_read_chain(self, epoch):
        delimiter = config.dev.binary_file_delimiter
        block_list = []
        if os.path.isfile(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch)) is False:
            if epoch != 0:
                return []
            logger.info('Creating new chain file')
            genesis_block = CreateGenesisBlock(self)
            block_list.append(genesis_block)
            return block_list

        try:
            with open(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch), 'rb') as myfile:
                jsonBlock = StringIO()
                tmp = ""
                count = 0
                offset = 0
                while True:
                    chars = myfile.read(config.dev.chain_read_buffer_size)
                    for char in chars:
                        offset += 1
                        if count > 0 and char != delimiter[count]:
                            count = 0
                            jsonBlock.write(tmp)
                            tmp = ""
                        if char == delimiter[count]:
                            tmp += delimiter[count]
                            count += 1
                            if count < len(delimiter):
                                continue
                            tmp = ""
                            count = 0
                            compressedBlock = jsonBlock.getvalue()
                            pos = offset - len(delimiter) - len(
                                compressedBlock)
                            jsonBlock = bz2.decompress(compressedBlock)
                            block = Block.from_json(jsonBlock)
                            self.update_block_metadata(
                                block.blockheader.blocknumber, pos,
                                len(compressedBlock))
                            block_list.append(block)
                            jsonBlock = StringIO()
                            continue
                        jsonBlock.write(char)
                    if len(chars) < config.dev.chain_read_buffer_size:
                        break
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error('IO error %s', e)
            return []

        gc.collect()
        return block_list

    def update_block_metadata(self, blocknumber, blockPos, blockSize):
        self.state.db.db.Put('block_' + str(blocknumber),
                             str(blockPos) + ',' + str(blockSize))

    def update_last_tx(self, block):
        if len(block.transactions) == 0:
            return
        last_txn = []
        try:
            last_txn = self.state.db.get('last_txn')
        except:
            pass
        for txn in block.transactions[-20:]:
            if txn.subtype == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                last_txn.insert(0, [
                    txn.transaction_to_json(), block.blockheader.blocknumber,
                    block.blockheader.timestamp
                ])
        del last_txn[20:]
        self.state.db.put('last_txn', last_txn)

    def update_wallet_tx_metadata(self, addr, new_txhash):
        try:
            txhash = self.state.db.get('txn_' + addr)
        except Exception:
            txhash = []
        txhash.append(new_txhash)
        self.state.db.put('txn_' + addr, txhash)

    def update_txn_count(self, txto, txfrom):
        last_count = self.state.state_get_txn_count(txto)
        self.state.db.put('txn_count_' + txto, last_count + 1)
        last_count = self.state.state_get_txn_count(txfrom)
        self.state.db.put('txn_count_' + txfrom, last_count + 1)

    def update_tx_metadata(self, block):
        if len(block.transactions) == 0:
            return

        for txn in block.transactions:
            if txn.subtype in (transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX,
                               transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_COINBASE):
                self.state.db.put(txn.txhash, [
                    txn.transaction_to_json(), block.blockheader.blocknumber,
                    block.blockheader.timestamp
                ])
                if txn.subtype == transaction.TX_SUBTYPE_TX:
                    self.update_wallet_tx_metadata(txn.txfrom, txn.txhash)
                self.update_wallet_tx_metadata(txn.txto, txn.txhash)
                self.update_txn_count(txn.txto, txn.txfrom)

    def f_write_m_blockchain(self):
        blocknumber = self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber
        suffix = int(blocknumber // config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file)
        writeable = self.m_blockchain[-config.dev.disk_writes_after_x_blocks:]
        logger.info('Appending data to chain')

        with open(self.get_chaindatafile(suffix), 'ab') as myfile:
            for block in writeable:
                jsonBlock = json_bytestream(block)
                compressedBlock = bz2.compress(jsonBlock,
                                               config.dev.compression_level)
                pos = myfile.tell()
                blockSize = len(compressedBlock)
                self.update_block_metadata(block.blockheader.blocknumber, pos,
                                           blockSize)
                myfile.write(compressedBlock)
                myfile.write(config.dev.binary_file_delimiter)

        del self.m_blockchain[:-1]
        gc.collect()
        return

    def load_chain_by_epoch(self, epoch):

        chains = self.f_read_chain(epoch)
        self.m_blockchain.append(chains[0])
        self.state.state_read_genesis(self.m_get_block(0))
        self.block_chain_buffer = ChainBuffer(self)

        for block in chains[1:]:
            self.block_chain_buffer.add_block_mainchain(
                block, verify_block_reveal_list=False, validate=False)
        return self.m_blockchain

    def m_load_chain(self):

        del self.m_blockchain[:]
        self.state.db.zero_all_addresses()
        chains = self.f_read_chain(0)
        self.m_blockchain.append(chains[0])
        self.state.state_read_genesis(self.m_get_block(0))
        self.block_chain_buffer = ChainBuffer(self)

        for block in chains[1:]:
            self.block_chain_buffer.add_block_mainchain(
                block, verify_block_reveal_list=False, validate=False)

        if len(self.m_blockchain) < config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file:
            return self.m_blockchain

        epoch = 1
        while os.path.isfile(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch)):
            del self.m_blockchain[:-1]
            chains = self.f_read_chain(epoch)

            for block in chains:
                self.block_chain_buffer.add_block_mainchain(
                    block, verify_block_reveal_list=False, validate=False)
            epoch += 1

        gc.collect()
        return self.m_blockchain

    def m_read_chain(self):
        if not self.m_blockchain:
            self.m_load_chain()
        return self.m_blockchain

    def load_from_file(self, blocknum):
        epoch = int(blocknum // config.dev.blocks_per_chain_file)
        with open(self.get_chaindatafile(epoch), 'rb') as f:
            pos_size = self.state.db.db.Get('block_' + str(blocknum))
            pos, size = pos_size.split(',')
            pos = int(pos)
            size = int(size)
            f.seek(pos)
            jsonBlock = bz2.decompress(f.read(size))
            block = Block.from_json(jsonBlock)
            return block

    def m_get_block(self, n):
        # FIXME: It is bad that this returns two different types
        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            return False

        beginning_blocknum = self.m_blockchain[0].blockheader.blocknumber
        diff = n - beginning_blocknum

        if diff < 0:
            return self.load_from_file(n)

        if diff < len(self.m_blockchain):
            return self.m_blockchain[diff]

        return False

    def m_get_last_block(self):
        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            return False
        return self.m_blockchain[-1]

    def m_create_block(self,
                       nonce,
                       reveal_list=None,
                       vote_hashes=None,
                       last_block_number=-1):
        myBlock = Block()
        myBlock.create(self, nonce, reveal_list, vote_hashes,
                       last_block_number)
        return myBlock

    def m_add_block(self, block_obj, verify_block_reveal_list=True):
        if len(self.m_blockchain) == 0:
            self.m_read_chain()

        if block_obj.validate_block(
                chain=self,
                verify_block_reveal_list=verify_block_reveal_list) is True:
            if self.state.state_add_block(self, block_obj) is True:
                self.m_blockchain.append(block_obj)
                self.remove_tx_in_block_from_pool(block_obj)
            else:
                logger.info(
                    'last block failed state/stake checks, removed from chain')
                self.state.state_validate_tx_pool(self)
                return False
        else:
            logger.info('m_add_block failed - block failed validation.')
            return False
        self.m_f_sync_chain()
        return True

    def m_remove_last_block(self):
        if not self.m_blockchain:
            self.m_read_chain()
        self.m_blockchain.pop()

    def m_blockheight(self):
        # return len(self.m_read_chain()) - 1
        return self.height()

    def height(self):
        if len(self.m_blockchain):
            return self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber
        return -1

    def m_info_block(self, n):
        if n > self.m_blockheight():
            logger.info('No such block exists yet..')
            return False
        b = self.m_get_block(n)
        logger.info(('Block: ', b, str(b.blockheader.blocknumber)))
        logger.info(('Blocksize, ', str(len(json_bytestream(b)))))
        logger.info(('Number of transactions: ', str(len(b.transactions))))
        logger.info(('Validates: ', b.validate_block(self)))

    def m_f_sync_chain(self):
        if (self.m_blockchain[-1].blockheader.blocknumber +
                1) % config.dev.disk_writes_after_x_blocks == 0:
            self.f_write_m_blockchain()
        return

    def m_verify_chain(self, verbose=0):
        for block in self.m_read_chain()[1:]:
            if block.validate_block(self) is False:
                return False
        return True

    def m_verify_chain_250(
            self,
            verbose=0
    ):  # validate the last 250 blocks or len(m_blockchain)-1..
        n = 0
        if len(self.m_blockchain) > 250:
            x = 250
        else:
            if len(self.m_blockchain) == 1:
                return True
            x = len(self.m_blockchain) - 1

        for block in self.m_read_chain()[-x:]:
            if self.validate_block(block, verbose=verbose) is False:
                logger.info(('block failed:', block.blockheader.blocknumber))
                return False
            n += 1
            if verbose is 1:
                sys.stdout.write('.')
                sys.stdout.flush()
        return True

    # validate and update stake+state for newly appended block.
    # can be streamlined to reduce repetition in the added components..
    # finish next epoch code..

    def add_tx_to_pool(self, tx_class_obj):
        self.transaction_pool.append(tx_class_obj)
        self.txhash_timestamp.append(tx_class_obj.txhash)
        self.txhash_timestamp.append(time())

    def remove_tx_from_pool(self, tx_class_obj):
        self.transaction_pool.remove(tx_class_obj)
        self.txhash_timestamp.pop(
            self.txhash_timestamp.index(tx_class_obj.txhash) + 1)
        self.txhash_timestamp.remove(tx_class_obj.txhash)

    def show_tx_pool(self):
        return self.transaction_pool

    def remove_tx_in_block_from_pool(self, block_obj):
        for tx in block_obj.transactions:
            for txn in self.transaction_pool:
                if tx.txhash == txn.txhash:
                    self.remove_tx_from_pool(txn)

    def flush_tx_pool(self):
        del self.transaction_pool[:]

    def validate_tx_pool(
            self):  # invalid transactions are auto removed from pool..
        for transaction in self.transaction_pool:
            if transaction.validate_tx() is False:
                self.remove_tx_from_pool(transaction)
                logger.info(('invalid tx: ', transaction, 'removed from pool'))

        return True

    def create_my_tx(self, txfrom, txto, amount, fee=0):
        if isinstance(txto, int):
            txto = self.my[txto][0]

        xmss = self.my[txfrom][1]
        tx_state = self.block_chain_buffer.get_stxn_state(
            self.block_chain_buffer.height() + 1, xmss.address)
        tx = SimpleTransaction().create(tx_state=tx_state,
                                        txto=txto,
                                        amount=amount,
                                        xmss=xmss,
                                        fee=fee)

        if tx and tx.state_validate_tx(tx_state=tx_state,
                                       transaction_pool=self.transaction_pool):
            self.add_tx_to_pool(tx)
            self.wallet.f_save_winfo(
            )  # need to keep state after tx ..use self.wallet.info to store index..far faster than loading the 55mb self.wallet..
            return tx

        return False