def test_setup_as_constraint_z():
tf = TopFarmProblem(
{'z': (initial[:, 2], 0, 2)},
DummyCost(desired[:, :2], 'z'),
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
)
tf.optimize()
npt.assert_array_less(tf['z'], 2 + 1e-10)
def test_setup_as_constraint_xyz():
desvar = dict(zip('xy', initial.T))
desvar['z'] = (initial[:, 2], 0, 2)
tf = TopFarmProblem(desvar,
DummyCost(desired, 'xyz'),
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
constraints=[XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)])
tf.optimize()
tb_pos = tf.turbine_positions
tol = 1e-4
assert tb_pos[1][0] < 6 + tol # check within border
npt.assert_array_less(tf['z'], 2 + tol) # check within height limit
def test_3level_type_multistart_XYZ_optimization():
design_vars = {k: v for k, v in zip('xy', optimal.T)}
design_vars['z'] = (optimal[:, 2], 0, 4)
xyz_problem = TopFarmProblem(design_vars,
cost_comp=DummyCost(optimal,
['x', 'y', 'z', 'type']),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(2),
XYBoundaryConstraint([(0, 0), (4, 4)],
'square')
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False))
initial_xyz_problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={k: v
for k, v in zip('xyz', optimal.T)},
cost_comp=xyz_problem,
driver=DOEDriver(
ListGenerator([[('x', [0, 4]), ('y', [2, 2]), ('z', [4, 1])]])))
tf = TopFarmProblem({'type': ([0, 0], 0, 1)},
cost_comp=initial_xyz_problem,
driver=DOEDriver(FullFactorialGenerator(2)))
cost, _, recorder = tf.optimize()
best_index = np.argmin(recorder.get('cost'))
initial_xyz_recorder = recorder['recorder'][best_index]
xyz_recorder = initial_xyz_recorder.get('recorder')[0]
npt.assert_almost_equal(xyz_recorder['cost'][-1], cost)
def test_setup_as_constraint_xy():
# plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot_comp = NoPlot()
tf = TopFarmProblem({
'x': initial[:, 0],
'y': initial[:, 1]
},
DummyCost(desired[:, :2]),
constraints=[XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
plot_comp=plot_comp)
tf.optimize()
tb_pos = tf.turbine_positions[:, :2]
tf.plot_comp.show()
tol = 1e-4
assert tb_pos[1][0] < 6 + tol # check within border
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
n_wt = 16
site = IEA37Site(n_wt)
windTurbines = IEA37_WindTurbines()
wake_model = IEA37SimpleBastankhahGaussian(site, windTurbines)
Drotor_vector = [windTurbines.diameter()] * n_wt
power_rated_vector = [float(windTurbines.power(20) / 1000)] * n_wt
hub_height_vector = [windTurbines.hub_height()] * n_wt
AEPCalc = AEPCalculator(wake_model)
def aep_func(x, y, **kwargs):
return AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=x, y_i=y).sum(-1).sum(-1) * 10**6
def irr_func(aep, **kwargs):
my_irr = economic_evaluation(Drotor_vector, power_rated_vector,
hub_height_vector,
aep).calculate_irr()
print(my_irr)
return my_irr
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['x', 'y'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=aep_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="GWh",
objective=False,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt))
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True,
income_model=True)
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, irr_comp])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars=dict(zip('xy', site.initial_position.T)),
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(
randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Circle(), max_iter=50),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(200),
CircleBoundaryConstraint([0, 0], 1300.1)
],
plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
def testCostModelComponentDiffShapeInput():
def aep_cost(x, y, h):
opt_x, opt_y = optimal.T
return -np.sum((x - opt_x)**2 + (y - opt_y)**2) + h, {
'add_out': sum(x)
}
cost_comp = AEPCostModelComponent(['x', 'y', ('h', 0)],
4,
aep_cost,
additional_output=[('add_out', 0)])
tf = TopFarmProblem(dict(zip('xy', initial.T)),
cost_comp=cost_comp,
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing),
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary)
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False),
ext_vars={'h': 0})
cost0, _, _ = tf.optimize(state={'h': 0})
cost10, _, _ = tf.optimize(state={'h': 10})
npt.assert_almost_equal(cost10, cost0 - 10)
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
site = get_site()
n_wt = len(site.initial_position)
windTurbines = DTU10MW()
min_spacing = 2 * windTurbines.diameter(0)
windFarmModel = IEA37SimpleBastankhahGaussian(site, windTurbines)
Drotor_vector = [windTurbines.diameter()] * n_wt
power_rated_vector = [float(windTurbines.power(20) / 1000)] * n_wt
hub_height_vector = [windTurbines.hub_height()] * n_wt
def aep_func(x, y, **_):
sim_res = windFarmModel(x, y)
aep = sim_res.aep()
return aep.sum(['wd', 'ws']).values * 10**6
def irr_func(aep, **_):
return economic_evaluation(Drotor_vector, power_rated_vector,
hub_height_vector, aep).calculate_irr()
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['x', 'y'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=aep_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="GWh",
objective=False,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt))
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=['aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True,
income_model=True)
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, irr_comp])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars=dict(zip('xy', site.initial_position.T)),
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(
randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Circle(), max_iter=10),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing),
XYBoundaryConstraint(site.boundary),
],
plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
problem.plot_comp.show()
def test_2level_turbineType_and_XYZ_optimization():
design_vars = {k: v for k, v in zip('xy', optimal.T)}
design_vars['z'] = (optimal[:, 2], 0, 4)
xyz_problem = TopFarmProblem(design_vars,
cost_comp=DummyCost(optimal,
['x', 'y', 'z', 'type']),
constraints=[
SpacingConstraint(2),
XYBoundaryConstraint([(0, 0), (4, 4)],
'square')
],
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(disp=False))
tf = TopFarmProblem({'type': ([0, 0], 0, 1)},
cost_comp=xyz_problem,
driver=DOEDriver(FullFactorialGenerator(2)))
cost = tf.optimize()[0]
assert cost == 0
def test_AEPMaxLoadCostModelComponent_constraint():
tf = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
'x': ([1]),
'y': (.1, 0, 2.5)
},
# design_vars={'x': ([2.9], [1], [3])},
cost_comp=AEPMaxLoadCostModelComponent(input_keys='xy',
n_wt=1,
aep_load_function=lambda x, y:
(np.hypot(x, y), x),
max_loads=3),
constraints=[CircleBoundaryConstraint((0, 0), 7)],
)
tf.evaluate()
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize()
npt.assert_allclose(state['x'], 3) # constrained by max_loads
npt.assert_allclose(state['y'], 2.5) # constrained by design var lim
def main(obj=False, max_con_on=True):
if __name__ == '__main__':
start = time.time()
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot = False
# ------ DEFINE WIND TURBINE TYPES, LOCATIONS & STORE METADATA -------
windTurbines = WindTurbines(
names=['Ghost_T1', 'T2'],
diameters=[40, 84],
hub_heights=[70, hornsrev1.HornsrevV80().hub_height()],
ct_funcs=[dummy_thrust(ct_rated=0),
hornsrev1.HornsrevV80().ct],
power_funcs=[
cube_power(power_rated=0),
cube_power(power_rated=3000)
],
# hornsrev1.HornsrevV80()._power],
power_unit='kW')
Drotor_vector = windTurbines._diameters
power_rated_vec = np.array(
[pcurv(25) / 1000 for pcurv in windTurbines._power_funcs])
hub_height_vector = windTurbines._hub_heights
x, y = np.meshgrid(range(-840, 840, 420), range(-840, 840, 420))
n_wt = len(x.flatten())
# initial turbine positions and other independent variables
ext_vars = {'x': x.flatten(), 'y': y.flatten(), 'obj': obj * 1}
capconst = []
if max_con_on:
capconst = [
CapacityConstraint(max_capacity=30.01,
rated_power_array=power_rated_vec)
]
# ---------------- DEFINE SITE & SELECT WAKE MODEL -------------------
# site = UniformWeibullSite(p_wd=[50, 50], a=[9, 9], k=[2.3, 2.3], ti=.1, alpha=0, h_ref=100)
site = UniformWeibullSite(p_wd=[100], a=[9], k=[2.3], ti=.1)
site.default_ws = [9] # reduce the number of calculations
site.default_wd = [0] # reduce the number of calculations
wake_model = NOJ(site, windTurbines)
AEPCalc = AEPCalculator(wake_model)
# ------------- OUTPUTS AEP PER TURBINE & FARM IRR -------------------
def aep_func(x, y, type, obj, **kwargs
): # TODO fix type as input change to topfarm turbinetype
out = AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=x, y_i=y,
type_i=type.astype(int)).sum((1, 2))
if obj: # if objective is AEP; output the total Farm_AEP
out = np.sum(out)
return out * 10**6
def irr_func(aep, type, **kwargs):
idx = type.astype(int)
return economic_evaluation(Drotor_vector[idx],
power_rated_vec[idx],
hub_height_vector[idx],
aep).calculate_irr()
# ----- WRAP AEP AND IRR INTO TOPFARM COMPONENTS AND THEN GROUP -----
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=[
topfarm.x_key, topfarm.y_key, topfarm.type_key, ('obj', obj)
],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=aep_func,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="GWh",
objective=obj,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt),
income_model=True)
comps = [aep_comp] # AEP component is always in the group
if not obj: # if objective is IRR initiate/add irr_comp
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(input_keys=[topfarm.type_key, 'aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True)
comps.append(irr_comp)
group = TopFarmGroup(comps)
# - INITIATE THE PROBLEM WITH ONLY TURBINE TYPE AS DESIGN VARIABLES -
tf = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
topfarm.type_key: ([0] * n_wt, 0, len(windTurbines._names) - 1)
},
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(randomize_func=RandomizeAllUniform(
[topfarm.type_key]),
max_iter=1),
# driver=EasySimpleGADriver(max_gen=2, random_state=1),
constraints=capconst,
# plot_comp=TurbineTypePlotComponent(windTurbines._names),
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
ext_vars=ext_vars)
cost, state, rec = tf.optimize()
# view_model(problem, outfile='ex5_n2.html', show_browser=False)
end = time.time()
print(end - start)
# %%
# ------------------- OPTIONAL VISUALIZATION OF WAKES ----------------
post_visual, save = False, False
if post_visual:
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
for cou, (i, j, k, co, ae) in enumerate(
zip(rec['x'], rec['y'], rec['type'], rec['cost'],
rec['aep'])):
AEPCalc.calculate_AEP(x_i=i, y_i=j, type_i=k)
AEPCalc.plot_wake_map(wt_x=i,
wt_y=j,
wt_type=k,
wd=site.default_wd[0],
ws=site.default_ws[0],
levels=np.arange(2.5, 12, .1))
windTurbines.plot(i, j, types=k)
title = f'IRR: {-np.round(co,2)} %, AEP : {round(np.sum(ae))} GWh, '
if "totalcapacity" in rec.keys():
title += f'Total Capacity: {rec["totalcapacity"][cou]} MW'
plt.title(title)
if save:
plt.savefig(
r'..\..\..\ima2\obj_AEP_{}_MaxConstraint_{}_{}.png'.
format(obj, max_con_on, cou))
plt.show()
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = XYPlotComp()
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
n_wt = 16
site = IEA37Site(n_wt)
windTurbines = IEA37_WindTurbines()
windFarmModel = IEA37SimpleBastankhahGaussian(site, windTurbines)
Drotor_vector = [windTurbines.diameter()] * n_wt
power_rated_vector = [float(windTurbines.power(20)) * 1e-6] * n_wt
hub_height_vector = [windTurbines.hub_height()] * n_wt
distance_from_shore = 10 # [km]
energy_price = 0.1 # [Euro/kWh] What we get per kWh
project_duration = 20 # [years]
rated_rpm_array = [12] * n_wt # [rpm]
water_depth_array = [15] * n_wt # [m]
eco_eval = economic_evaluation(distance_from_shore, energy_price, project_duration)
def irr_func(aep, **kwargs):
eco_eval.calculate_irr(
rated_rpm_array,
Drotor_vector,
power_rated_vector,
hub_height_vector,
water_depth_array,
aep)
print(eco_eval.IRR)
return eco_eval.IRR
aep_comp = CostModelComponent(
input_keys=['x', 'y'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=lambda x, y, **_: windFarmModel(x=x, y=y).aep().sum(['wd', 'ws']) * 10**6,
output_key="aep",
output_unit="kWh",
objective=False,
output_val=np.zeros(n_wt))
irr_comp = CostModelComponent(
input_keys=['aep'],
n_wt=n_wt,
cost_function=irr_func,
output_key="irr",
output_unit="%",
objective=True,
income_model=True)
group = TopFarmGroup([aep_comp, irr_comp])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars=dict(zip('xy', site.initial_position.T)),
cost_comp=group,
driver=EasyRandomSearchDriver(randomize_func=RandomizeTurbinePosition_Circle(), max_iter=5),
constraints=[SpacingConstraint(200),
CircleBoundaryConstraint([0, 0], 1300.1)],
plot_comp=plot_comp)
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
def main():
if __name__ == '__main__':
# ------------------------ INPUTS ------------------------
# define the conditions for the wind farm
boundary = [(0, 0), (6, 0), (6, -10), (0, -10)] # turbine boundaries
initial = np.array([[6, 0], [6, -8], [1, 1],
[-1, -8]]) # initial turbine pos
desired = np.array([[3, -3], [7, -7], [4, -3],
[3, -7]]) # desired turbine pos
optimal = np.array([[2.5, -3], [6, -7], [4.5, -3],
[3, -7]]) # optimal layout
min_spacing = 2 # min distance between turbines
try:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.gcf()
plot_comp = DummyCostPlotComp(desired)
plot = True
except RuntimeError:
plot_comp = NoPlot()
plot = False
# ------------------------ OPTIMIZATION ------------------------
# create the wind farm and run the optimization
tf = TopFarmProblem(design_vars={
'x': initial[:, 0],
'y': initial[:, 1]
},
cost_comp=DummyCost(desired, ['x', 'y']),
constraints=[
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary),
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing)
],
plot_comp=plot_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver())
cost, state, recorder = tf.optimize()
tf.plot_comp.show()
# final position
final_x, final_y = state['x'], state['y']
# get the positions tried during optimization from the recorder
rec_x, rec_y = recorder['x'], recorder['y']
# get the final, optimal positions
optimized = tf.turbine_positions
# ------------------------ PLOT (if possible) ------------------------
if plot:
# initialize the figure and axes
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(7, 5))
plt.clf()
ax = plt.axes()
# plot the boundary and desired locations
ax.add_patch(
Polygon(boundary, closed=True, fill=False,
label='Boundary')) # boundary
plt.plot(desired[:, 0],
desired[:, 1],
'ok',
mfc='None',
ms=10,
label='Desired') # desired positions
# plot the history of each turbine
for i_turb in range(rec_x.shape[1]):
l, = plt.plot(rec_x[0, i_turb],
rec_y[0, i_turb],
'x',
ms=8,
label=f'Turbine {i_turb+1}') # initial
plt.plot(rec_x[:, i_turb], rec_y[:, i_turb],
c=l.get_color()) # tested values
plt.plot(rec_x[-1, i_turb],
rec_y[-1, i_turb],
'o',
ms=8,
c=l.get_color()) # final
# make a few adjustments to the plot
ax.autoscale_view() # autoscale the boundary
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102),
loc=3,
ncol=4,
mode='expand',
borderaxespad=0.) # add a legend
plt.tight_layout() # zoom the plot in
plt.axis('off') # remove the axis
# save the png
folder, file = os.path.split(__file__)
fig.savefig(folder + "/figures/" + file.replace('.py', '.png'))
'y': step
},
output_keys=[('AEP', 0), ('loads', np.zeros((s, i)))])
problem = TopFarmProblem(
design_vars={
'x': x_init,
'y': y_init
},
constraints=[
XYBoundaryConstraint(boundary),
SpacingConstraint(min_spacing)
],
# post_constraints=[(ls, val * load_fact) for ls, val in loads_nom.items()],
cost_comp=cost_comp,
driver=EasyScipyOptimizeDriver(optimizer='SLSQP', maxiter=maxiter,
tol=tol),
plot_comp=NoPlot(),
expected_cost=ec)
tic = time.time()
if 1:
cost, state, recorder = problem.optimize()
toc = time.time()
print('Optimization took: {:.0f}s'.format(toc - tic))
if 0:
with open(f'./check_partials_{int(toc)}_{ec}_{step}.txt', 'w') as fid:
partials = problem.check_partials(out_stream=fid,
compact_print=True,
show_only_incorrect=True,
step=step)