def setup(self):

        RefBlade = self.options['RefBlade']
        Nsection_Tow = self.options['Nsection_Tow']
        if 'Analysis_Level' in self.options['FASTpref']:
            Analysis_Level = self.options['FASTpref']['Analysis_Level']
        else:
            Analysis_Level = 0

        # Define all input variables from all models
        myIndeps = IndepVarComp()
        myIndeps.add_discrete_output('crane', False)

        # Turbine Costs
        myIndeps.add_discrete_output('bearing_number', 0)

        # Tower and Frame3DD options
        myIndeps.add_output('project_lifetime', 0.0, units='yr')
        myIndeps.add_output('max_taper_ratio', 0.0)
        myIndeps.add_output('min_diameter_thickness_ratio', 0.0)

        # Environment
        myIndeps.add_output('wind_bottom_height', 0.0, units='m')
        myIndeps.add_output('wind_beta', 0.0, units='deg')
        myIndeps.add_output('cd_usr', -1.)

        # Design standards
        myIndeps.add_output('gamma_b', 0.0)
        myIndeps.add_output('gamma_n', 0.0)

        # RNA
        myIndeps.add_discrete_output('rna_weightM', True)

        # Column
        myIndeps.add_output('morison_mass_coefficient', 2.0)
        myIndeps.add_output('material_density', 0.0, units='kg/m**3')
        myIndeps.add_output('E', 0.0, units='N/m**2')
        myIndeps.add_output('yield_stress', 0.0, units='N/m**2')

        # Pontoons
        myIndeps.add_output('G', 0.0, units='N/m**2')

        # LCOE
        myIndeps.add_output('labor_cost_rate', 0.0, units='USD/min')
        myIndeps.add_output('material_cost_rate', 0.0, units='USD/kg')
        myIndeps.add_output('painting_cost_rate', 0.0, units='USD/m**2')
        myIndeps.add_discrete_output('number_of_turbines', 0)
        myIndeps.add_output(
            'annual_opex', 0.0,
            units='USD/kW/yr')  # TODO: Replace with output connection
        myIndeps.add_output(
            'bos_costs', 0.0,
            units='USD/kW')  # TODO: Replace with output connection
        myIndeps.add_output('fixed_charge_rate', 0.0)
        myIndeps.add_output('wake_loss_factor', 0.0)

        self.add_subsystem('myIndeps', myIndeps, promotes=['*'])

        # Add components
        self.add_subsystem('rotorse',
                           RotorSE(RefBlade=RefBlade,
                                   npts_coarse_power_curve=20,
                                   npts_spline_power_curve=200,
                                   regulation_reg_II5=True,
                                   regulation_reg_III=False,
                                   Analysis_Level=Analysis_Level,
                                   FASTpref=self.options['FASTpref'],
                                   topLevelFlag=True),
                           promotes=['*'])

        self.add_subsystem('drive',
                           DriveSE(debug=False,
                                   number_of_main_bearings=1,
                                   topLevelFlag=False),
                           promotes=[
                               'machine_rating', 'overhang', 'hub_mass',
                               'bedplate_mass', 'gearbox_mass',
                               'generator_mass', 'hss_mass', 'hvac_mass',
                               'lss_mass', 'cover_mass', 'pitch_system_mass',
                               'platforms_mass', 'spinner_mass',
                               'transformer_mass', 'vs_electronics_mass',
                               'yaw_mass'
                           ])

        # Tower and substructure
        self.add_subsystem(
            'tow',
            TowerSE(nLC=1,
                    nPoints=Nsection_Tow + 1,
                    nFull=5 * Nsection_Tow + 1,
                    wind='PowerWind',
                    topLevelFlag=False),
            promotes=[
                'water_density', 'water_viscosity', 'wave_beta',
                'significant_wave_height', 'significant_wave_period',
                'material_density', 'E', 'G', 'tower_section_height',
                'tower_wall_thickness', 'tower_outer_diameter',
                'tower_outfitting_factor', 'tower_buckling_length',
                'max_taper', 'min_d_to_t', 'rna_mass', 'rna_cg', 'rna_I',
                'tower_mass', 'tower_I_base', 'hub_height',
                'foundation_height', 'monopile', 'soil_G', 'soil_nu',
                'suctionpile_depth', 'gamma_f', 'gamma_m', 'gamma_b',
                'gamma_n', 'gamma_fatigue', 'labor_cost_rate',
                'material_cost_rate', 'painting_cost_rate', 'z_full', 'd_full',
                't_full', 'DC', 'shear', 'geom', 'tower_force_discretization',
                'nM', 'Mmethod', 'lump', 'tol', 'shift'
            ])

        # Turbine constraints
        self.add_subsystem('tcons',
                           TurbineConstraints(nFull=5 * Nsection_Tow + 1),
                           promotes=['*'])

        # Turbine costs
        self.add_subsystem('tcost',
                           Turbine_CostsSE_2015(
                               verbosity=self.options['VerbosityCosts'],
                               topLevelFlag=False),
                           promotes=['*'])

        # LCOE Calculation
        self.add_subsystem(
            'plantfinancese',
            PlantFinance(verbosity=self.options['VerbosityCosts']),
            promotes=['machine_rating', 'lcoe'])

        # Set up connections

        # Connections to DriveSE
        self.connect('diameter', 'drive.rotor_diameter')
        self.connect('rated_Q', 'drive.rotor_torque')
        self.connect('rated_Omega', 'drive.rotor_rpm')
        self.connect('Fxyz_total', 'drive.Fxyz')
        self.connect('Mxyz_total', 'drive.Mxyz')
        self.connect('I_all_blades', 'drive.blades_I')
        self.connect('mass_one_blade', 'drive.blade_mass')
        self.connect('chord', 'drive.blade_root_diameter', src_indices=[0])
        self.connect('Rtip', 'drive.blade_length', src_indices=[0])
        self.connect('drivetrainEff',
                     'drive.drivetrain_efficiency',
                     src_indices=[0])
        self.connect('tower_outer_diameter',
                     'drive.tower_top_diameter',
                     src_indices=[-1])

        self.connect('material_density', 'tow.tower.rho')

        # Connections to TowerSE
        self.connect('drive.top_F', 'tow.pre.rna_F')
        self.connect('drive.top_M', 'tow.pre.rna_M')
        self.connect('drive.rna_I_TT', ['rna_I', 'tow.pre.mI'])
        self.connect('drive.rna_cm', ['rna_cg', 'tow.pre.mrho'])
        self.connect('drive.rna_mass', ['rna_mass', 'tow.pre.mass'])
        self.connect('rs.gust.V_gust', 'tow.wind.Uref')
        self.connect('wind_reference_height', ['tow.wind.zref', 'wind.zref'])
        # self.connect('wind_bottom_height',      ['tow.wind.z0','tow.wave.z_surface', 'wind.z0'])  # offshore
        self.connect('wind_bottom_height', ['tow.wind.z0', 'wind.z0'])
        self.connect('shearExp', ['tow.wind.shearExp'])
        # self.connect('morison_mass_coefficient','tow.cm')                                         # offshore
        self.connect('yield_stress', 'tow.sigma_y')
        self.connect('max_taper_ratio', 'max_taper')
        self.connect('min_diameter_thickness_ratio', 'min_d_to_t')

        self.connect('rho', 'tow.windLoads.rho')
        self.connect('mu', 'tow.windLoads.mu')
        self.connect('wind_beta', 'tow.windLoads.beta')

        # Connections to TurbineConstraints
        self.connect('nBlades', ['blade_number', 'drive.number_of_blades'])
        self.connect('control_maxOmega', 'rotor_omega')
        self.connect('tow.post.structural_frequencies', 'tower_freq')

        # Connections to TurbineCostSE
        self.connect('mass_one_blade', 'blade_mass')
        self.connect('drive.mainBearing.mb_mass', 'main_bearing_mass')
        self.connect('total_blade_cost', 'blade_cost_external')

        # Connections to PlantFinanceSE
        self.connect('AEP', 'plantfinancese.turbine_aep')
        self.connect('turbine_cost_kW', 'plantfinancese.tcc_per_kW')
        self.connect('number_of_turbines', 'plantfinancese.turbine_number')
        self.connect('bos_costs', 'plantfinancese.bos_per_kW')
        self.connect('annual_opex', 'plantfinancese.opex_per_kW')
Example #2
0
    def setup(self):
        modeling_options = self.options["modeling_options"]
        opt_options = self.options["opt_options"]

        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"] and modeling_options["flags"][
                "nacelle"]:
            self.linear_solver = lbgs = om.LinearBlockGS()
            self.nonlinear_solver = nlbgs = om.NonlinearBlockGS()
            nlbgs.options["maxiter"] = 5
            nlbgs.options["atol"] = 1e-2
            nlbgs.options["rtol"] = 1e-8
            nlbgs.options["iprint"] = 0

        # Analysis components
        self.add_subsystem(
            "wt_init",
            WindTurbineOntologyOpenMDAO(modeling_options=modeling_options,
                                        opt_options=opt_options),
            promotes=["*"],
        )

        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"]:
            self.add_subsystem(
                "rotorse",
                RotorSE(modeling_options=modeling_options,
                        opt_options=opt_options))

        if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
            self.add_subsystem(
                "drivese",
                DrivetrainSE(modeling_options=modeling_options, n_dlcs=1))

        if modeling_options["flags"][
                "tower"] and not modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            self.add_subsystem("towerse",
                               TowerSE(modeling_options=modeling_options))

        if modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            self.add_subsystem("floatingse",
                               FloatingSE(modeling_options=modeling_options))

        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"] and modeling_options["flags"][
                "tower"]:
            self.add_subsystem(
                "tcons", TurbineConstraints(modeling_options=modeling_options))

        self.add_subsystem(
            "tcc",
            Turbine_CostsSE_2015(
                verbosity=modeling_options["General"]["verbosity"]))

        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"]:
            n_span = modeling_options["WISDEM"]["RotorSE"]["n_span"]

            # Conncetions to ccblade
            self.connect("blade.pa.chord_param", "rotorse.chord")
            self.connect("blade.pa.twist_param", "rotorse.ccblade.twist")
            self.connect("blade.opt_var.s_opt_chord",
                         "rotorse.ccblade.s_opt_chord")
            self.connect("blade.opt_var.s_opt_twist",
                         "rotorse.ccblade.s_opt_twist")
            self.connect("blade.outer_shape_bem.s", "rotorse.s")
            self.connect("assembly.r_blade", "rotorse.r")
            self.connect("assembly.rotor_radius", "rotorse.Rtip")
            self.connect("hub.radius", "rotorse.Rhub")
            self.connect("blade.interp_airfoils.r_thick_interp",
                         "rotorse.ccblade.rthick")
            self.connect("airfoils.aoa", "rotorse.airfoils_aoa")
            self.connect("airfoils.Re", "rotorse.airfoils_Re")
            self.connect("blade.interp_airfoils.cl_interp",
                         "rotorse.airfoils_cl")
            self.connect("blade.interp_airfoils.cd_interp",
                         "rotorse.airfoils_cd")
            self.connect("blade.interp_airfoils.cm_interp",
                         "rotorse.airfoils_cm")
            self.connect("assembly.hub_height", "rotorse.hub_height")
            self.connect("hub.cone", "rotorse.precone")
            self.connect("nacelle.uptilt", "rotorse.tilt")
            self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis",
                         "rotorse.precurve",
                         src_indices=[(i, 0) for i in np.arange(n_span)])
            self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis",
                         "rotorse.precurveTip",
                         src_indices=[(-1, 0)])
            self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis",
                         "rotorse.presweep",
                         src_indices=[(i, 1) for i in np.arange(n_span)])
            self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis",
                         "rotorse.presweepTip",
                         src_indices=[(-1, 1)])
            if modeling_options["flags"]["control"]:
                self.connect("control.rated_pitch", "rotorse.pitch")
            self.connect("control.rated_TSR", "rotorse.tsr")
            self.connect("env.rho_air", "rotorse.rho_air")
            self.connect("env.mu_air", "rotorse.mu_air")
            self.connect("env.shear_exp", "rotorse.shearExp")
            self.connect(
                "configuration.n_blades",
                [
                    "rotorse.nBlades", "rotorse.re.precomp.n_blades",
                    "rotorse.rs.constr.blade_number"
                ],
            )
            self.connect("configuration.ws_class",
                         "rotorse.wt_class.turbine_class")
            self.connect("blade.ps.layer_thickness_param",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.layer_thickness")

            # Connections to rotor elastic and frequency analysis
            self.connect("nacelle.uptilt", "rotorse.re.precomp.uptilt")
            self.connect("blade.outer_shape_bem.pitch_axis",
                         "rotorse.re.pitch_axis")
            self.connect("blade.interp_airfoils.coord_xy_interp",
                         "rotorse.re.coord_xy_interp")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.layer_start_nd",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.layer_start_nd")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.layer_end_nd",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.layer_end_nd")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.layer_web",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.layer_web")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.definition_layer",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.definition_layer")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.web_start_nd",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.web_start_nd")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.web_end_nd",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.web_end_nd")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.joint_position",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.joint_position")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.joint_mass",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.joint_mass")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.joint_cost",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.joint_cost")
            self.connect("materials.name", "rotorse.re.precomp.mat_name")
            self.connect("materials.orth", "rotorse.re.precomp.orth")
            self.connect("materials.E", "rotorse.re.precomp.E")
            self.connect("materials.G", "rotorse.re.precomp.G")
            self.connect("materials.nu", "rotorse.re.precomp.nu")
            self.connect("materials.rho", "rotorse.re.precomp.rho")
            self.connect("materials.component_id",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.component_id")
            self.connect("materials.unit_cost", "rotorse.re.precomp.unit_cost")
            self.connect("materials.waste", "rotorse.re.precomp.waste")
            self.connect("materials.rho_fiber", "rotorse.re.precomp.rho_fiber")
            self.connect("materials.rho_area_dry",
                         "rotorse.re.precomp.rho_area_dry")
            self.connect("materials.ply_t", "rotorse.re.precomp.ply_t")
            self.connect("materials.fvf", "rotorse.re.precomp.fvf")
            self.connect("materials.fwf", "rotorse.re.precomp.fwf")
            self.connect("materials.roll_mass", "rotorse.re.precomp.roll_mass")

            # Conncetions to rail transport module
            if opt_options["constraints"]["blade"]["rail_transport"]["flag"]:
                self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis",
                             "rotorse.re.rail.blade_ref_axis")

            # Connections from blade struct parametrization to rotor load anlysis
            self.connect("blade.opt_var.s_opt_spar_cap_ss",
                         "rotorse.rs.constr.s_opt_spar_cap_ss")
            self.connect("blade.opt_var.s_opt_spar_cap_ps",
                         "rotorse.rs.constr.s_opt_spar_cap_ps")

            # Connections to RotorPower
            self.connect("control.V_in", "rotorse.rp.v_min")
            self.connect("control.V_out", "rotorse.rp.v_max")
            self.connect("configuration.rated_power", "rotorse.rp.rated_power")
            self.connect("control.minOmega", "rotorse.rp.omega_min")
            self.connect("control.maxOmega", "rotorse.rp.omega_max")
            self.connect("control.max_TS", "rotorse.rp.control_maxTS")
            self.connect("configuration.gearbox_type",
                         "rotorse.rp.drivetrainType")
            self.connect("nacelle.gearbox_efficiency",
                         "rotorse.rp.powercurve.gearbox_efficiency")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
                self.connect("drivese.lss_rpm",
                             "rotorse.rp.powercurve.lss_rpm")
                self.connect("drivese.generator_efficiency",
                             "rotorse.rp.powercurve.generator_efficiency")
            self.connect("env.weibull_k", "rotorse.rp.cdf.k")
            self.connect("configuration.turb_class",
                         "rotorse.rp.gust.turbulence_class")

            # Connections to RotorStructure
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.d_f",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.d_f")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.sigma_max",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.sigma_max")
            self.connect("blade.pa.chord_param",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.rootD",
                         src_indices=[0])
            self.connect("blade.ps.layer_thickness_param",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.layer_thickness")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.layer_start_nd",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.layer_start_nd")
            self.connect("blade.internal_structure_2d_fem.layer_end_nd",
                         "rotorse.rs.brs.layer_end_nd")

        # Connections to DriveSE
        if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
            self.connect("hub.diameter", "drivese.hub_diameter")
            self.connect("hub.hub_in2out_circ", "drivese.hub_in2out_circ")
            self.connect("hub.flange_t2shell_t", "drivese.flange_t2shell_t")
            self.connect("hub.flange_OD2hub_D", "drivese.flange_OD2hub_D")
            self.connect("hub.flange_ID2flange_OD",
                         "drivese.flange_ID2flange_OD")
            self.connect("hub.hub_stress_concentration",
                         "drivese.hub_stress_concentration")
            self.connect("hub.n_front_brackets", "drivese.n_front_brackets")
            self.connect("hub.n_rear_brackets", "drivese.n_rear_brackets")
            self.connect("hub.clearance_hub_spinner",
                         "drivese.clearance_hub_spinner")
            self.connect("hub.spin_hole_incr", "drivese.spin_hole_incr")
            self.connect("hub.pitch_system_scaling_factor",
                         "drivese.pitch_system_scaling_factor")
            self.connect("hub.spinner_gust_ws", "drivese.spinner_gust_ws")

            self.connect("configuration.n_blades", "drivese.n_blades")

            self.connect("assembly.rotor_diameter", "drivese.rotor_diameter")
            self.connect("configuration.upwind", "drivese.upwind")
            self.connect("control.minOmega", "drivese.minimum_rpm")
            self.connect("rotorse.rp.powercurve.rated_Omega",
                         "drivese.rated_rpm")
            self.connect("rotorse.rp.powercurve.rated_Q",
                         "drivese.rated_torque")
            self.connect("configuration.rated_power", "drivese.machine_rating")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["tower"]:
                self.connect("tower.diameter",
                             "drivese.D_top",
                             src_indices=[-1])

            self.connect("rotorse.rs.aero_hub_loads.Fhub", "drivese.F_hub")
            self.connect("rotorse.rs.aero_hub_loads.Mhub", "drivese.M_hub")
            self.connect("rotorse.rs.frame.root_M",
                         "drivese.pitch_system.BRFM",
                         src_indices=[1])

            self.connect("blade.pa.chord_param",
                         "drivese.blade_root_diameter",
                         src_indices=[0])
            self.connect("rotorse.re.precomp.blade_mass", "drivese.blade_mass")
            self.connect("rotorse.re.precomp.mass_all_blades",
                         "drivese.blades_mass")
            self.connect("rotorse.re.precomp.I_all_blades", "drivese.blades_I")

            self.connect("nacelle.distance_hub2mb", "drivese.L_h1")
            self.connect("nacelle.distance_mb2mb", "drivese.L_12")
            self.connect("nacelle.L_generator", "drivese.L_generator")
            self.connect("nacelle.overhang", "drivese.overhang")
            self.connect("nacelle.distance_tt_hub", "drivese.drive_height")
            self.connect("nacelle.uptilt", "drivese.tilt")
            self.connect("nacelle.gear_ratio", "drivese.gear_ratio")
            self.connect("nacelle.damping_ratio", "drivese.damping_ratio")
            self.connect("nacelle.mb1Type", "drivese.bear1.bearing_type")
            self.connect("nacelle.mb2Type", "drivese.bear2.bearing_type")
            self.connect("nacelle.lss_diameter", "drivese.lss_diameter")
            self.connect("nacelle.lss_wall_thickness",
                         "drivese.lss_wall_thickness")
            if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["DriveSE"]["direct"]:
                self.connect("nacelle.nose_diameter",
                             "drivese.bear1.D_shaft",
                             src_indices=[0])
                self.connect("nacelle.nose_diameter",
                             "drivese.bear2.D_shaft",
                             src_indices=[-1])
            else:
                self.connect("nacelle.lss_diameter",
                             "drivese.bear1.D_shaft",
                             src_indices=[0])
                self.connect("nacelle.lss_diameter",
                             "drivese.bear2.D_shaft",
                             src_indices=[-1])
            self.connect("nacelle.uptower", "drivese.uptower")
            self.connect("nacelle.brake_mass_user", "drivese.brake_mass_user")
            self.connect("nacelle.hvac_mass_coeff", "drivese.hvac_mass_coeff")
            self.connect("nacelle.converter_mass_user",
                         "drivese.converter_mass_user")
            self.connect("nacelle.transformer_mass_user",
                         "drivese.transformer_mass_user")

            if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["DriveSE"]["direct"]:
                self.connect("nacelle.nose_diameter",
                             "drivese.nose_diameter")  # only used in direct
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.nose_wall_thickness",
                    "drivese.nose_wall_thickness")  # only used in direct
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.bedplate_wall_thickness",
                    "drivese.bedplate_wall_thickness")  # only used in direct
            else:
                self.connect("nacelle.hss_length",
                             "drivese.L_hss")  # only used in geared
                self.connect("nacelle.hss_diameter",
                             "drivese.hss_diameter")  # only used in geared
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.hss_wall_thickness",
                    "drivese.hss_wall_thickness")  # only used in geared
                self.connect("nacelle.hss_material", "drivese.hss_material")
                self.connect("nacelle.planet_numbers",
                             "drivese.planet_numbers")  # only used in geared
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.gear_configuration",
                    "drivese.gear_configuration")  # only used in geared
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.bedplate_flange_width",
                    "drivese.bedplate_flange_width")  # only used in geared
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.bedplate_flange_thickness",
                    "drivese.bedplate_flange_thickness")  # only used in geared
                self.connect(
                    "nacelle.bedplate_web_thickness",
                    "drivese.bedplate_web_thickness")  # only used in geared

            self.connect("hub.hub_material", "drivese.hub_material")
            self.connect("hub.spinner_material", "drivese.spinner_material")
            self.connect("nacelle.lss_material", "drivese.lss_material")
            self.connect("nacelle.bedplate_material",
                         "drivese.bedplate_material")
            self.connect("materials.name", "drivese.material_names")
            self.connect("materials.E", "drivese.E_mat")
            self.connect("materials.G", "drivese.G_mat")
            self.connect("materials.rho", "drivese.rho_mat")
            self.connect("materials.sigma_y", "drivese.sigma_y_mat")
            self.connect("materials.Xt", "drivese.Xt_mat")
            self.connect("materials.unit_cost", "drivese.unit_cost_mat")

            if modeling_options["flags"]["generator"]:

                self.connect("generator.B_r", "drivese.generator.B_r")
                self.connect("generator.P_Fe0e", "drivese.generator.P_Fe0e")
                self.connect("generator.P_Fe0h", "drivese.generator.P_Fe0h")
                self.connect("generator.S_N", "drivese.generator.S_N")
                self.connect("generator.alpha_p", "drivese.generator.alpha_p")
                self.connect("generator.b_r_tau_r",
                             "drivese.generator.b_r_tau_r")
                self.connect("generator.b_ro", "drivese.generator.b_ro")
                self.connect("generator.b_s_tau_s",
                             "drivese.generator.b_s_tau_s")
                self.connect("generator.b_so", "drivese.generator.b_so")
                self.connect("generator.cofi", "drivese.generator.cofi")
                self.connect("generator.freq", "drivese.generator.freq")
                self.connect("generator.h_i", "drivese.generator.h_i")
                self.connect("generator.h_sy0", "drivese.generator.h_sy0")
                self.connect("generator.h_w", "drivese.generator.h_w")
                self.connect("generator.k_fes", "drivese.generator.k_fes")
                self.connect("generator.k_fillr", "drivese.generator.k_fillr")
                self.connect("generator.k_fills", "drivese.generator.k_fills")
                self.connect("generator.k_s", "drivese.generator.k_s")
                self.connect("generator.m", "drivese.generator.m")
                self.connect("generator.mu_0", "drivese.generator.mu_0")
                self.connect("generator.mu_r", "drivese.generator.mu_r")
                self.connect("generator.p", "drivese.generator.p")
                self.connect("generator.phi", "drivese.generator.phi")
                self.connect("generator.q1", "drivese.generator.q1")
                self.connect("generator.q2", "drivese.generator.q2")
                self.connect("generator.ratio_mw2pp",
                             "drivese.generator.ratio_mw2pp")
                self.connect("generator.resist_Cu",
                             "drivese.generator.resist_Cu")
                self.connect("generator.sigma", "drivese.generator.sigma")
                self.connect("generator.y_tau_p", "drivese.generator.y_tau_p")
                self.connect("generator.y_tau_pr",
                             "drivese.generator.y_tau_pr")

                self.connect("generator.I_0", "drivese.generator.I_0")
                self.connect("generator.d_r", "drivese.generator.d_r")
                self.connect("generator.h_m", "drivese.generator.h_m")
                self.connect("generator.h_0", "drivese.generator.h_0")
                self.connect("generator.h_s", "drivese.generator.h_s")
                self.connect("generator.len_s", "drivese.generator.len_s")
                self.connect("generator.n_r", "drivese.generator.n_r")
                self.connect("generator.rad_ag", "drivese.generator.rad_ag")
                self.connect("generator.t_wr", "drivese.generator.t_wr")

                self.connect("generator.n_s", "drivese.generator.n_s")
                self.connect("generator.b_st", "drivese.generator.b_st")
                self.connect("generator.d_s", "drivese.generator.d_s")
                self.connect("generator.t_ws", "drivese.generator.t_ws")

                self.connect("generator.rho_Copper",
                             "drivese.generator.rho_Copper")
                self.connect("generator.rho_Fe", "drivese.generator.rho_Fe")
                self.connect("generator.rho_Fes", "drivese.generator.rho_Fes")
                self.connect("generator.rho_PM", "drivese.generator.rho_PM")

                self.connect("generator.C_Cu", "drivese.generator.C_Cu")
                self.connect("generator.C_Fe", "drivese.generator.C_Fe")
                self.connect("generator.C_Fes", "drivese.generator.C_Fes")
                self.connect("generator.C_PM", "drivese.generator.C_PM")

                if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["GeneratorSE"]["type"] in [
                        "pmsg_outer"
                ]:
                    self.connect("generator.N_c", "drivese.generator.N_c")
                    self.connect("generator.b", "drivese.generator.b")
                    self.connect("generator.c", "drivese.generator.c")
                    self.connect("generator.E_p", "drivese.generator.E_p")
                    self.connect("generator.h_yr", "drivese.generator.h_yr")
                    self.connect("generator.h_ys", "drivese.generator.h_ys")
                    self.connect("generator.h_sr", "drivese.generator.h_sr")
                    self.connect("generator.h_ss", "drivese.generator.h_ss")
                    self.connect("generator.t_r", "drivese.generator.t_r")
                    self.connect("generator.t_s", "drivese.generator.t_s")

                    self.connect("generator.u_allow_pcent",
                                 "drivese.generator.u_allow_pcent")
                    self.connect("generator.y_allow_pcent",
                                 "drivese.generator.y_allow_pcent")
                    self.connect("generator.z_allow_deg",
                                 "drivese.generator.z_allow_deg")
                    self.connect("generator.B_tmax",
                                 "drivese.generator.B_tmax")
                    self.connect("rotorse.rp.powercurve.rated_mech",
                                 "drivese.generator.P_mech")

                if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["GeneratorSE"]["type"] in [
                        "eesg", "pmsg_arms", "pmsg_disc"
                ]:
                    self.connect("generator.tau_p", "drivese.generator.tau_p")
                    self.connect("generator.h_ys", "drivese.generator.h_ys")
                    self.connect("generator.h_yr", "drivese.generator.h_yr")
                    self.connect("generator.b_arm", "drivese.generator.b_arm")

                elif modeling_options["WISDEM"]["GeneratorSE"]["type"] in [
                        "scig", "dfig"
                ]:
                    self.connect("generator.B_symax",
                                 "drivese.generator.B_symax")
                    self.connect("generator.S_Nmax",
                                 "drivese.generator.S_Nmax")

                if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["DriveSE"]["direct"]:
                    self.connect("nacelle.nose_diameter",
                                 "drivese.generator.D_nose",
                                 src_indices=[-1])
                    self.connect("nacelle.lss_diameter",
                                 "drivese.generator.D_shaft",
                                 src_indices=[0])
                else:
                    self.connect("nacelle.hss_diameter",
                                 "drivese.generator.D_shaft",
                                 src_indices=[-1])

            else:
                self.connect("generator.generator_radius_user",
                             "drivese.generator_radius_user")
                self.connect("generator.generator_mass_user",
                             "drivese.generator_mass_user")
                self.connect("generator.generator_efficiency_user",
                             "drivese.generator_efficiency_user")

        # Connections to TowerSE
        if modeling_options["flags"][
                "tower"] and not modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
                self.connect("drivese.base_F", "towerse.pre.rna_F")
                self.connect("drivese.base_M", "towerse.pre.rna_M")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_I_TT", "towerse.rna_I")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_cm", "towerse.rna_cg")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_mass", "towerse.rna_mass")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"]:
                self.connect("rotorse.rp.gust.V_gust", "towerse.wind.Uref")
            self.connect("assembly.hub_height",
                         "towerse.wind_reference_height")
            self.connect("assembly.hub_height", "towerse.hub_height")
            self.connect("env.rho_air", "towerse.rho_air")
            self.connect("env.mu_air", "towerse.mu_air")
            self.connect("env.shear_exp", "towerse.shearExp")
            self.connect("tower_grid.foundation_height",
                         "towerse.tower_foundation_height")
            self.connect("tower.diameter", "towerse.tower_outer_diameter_in")
            self.connect("tower_grid.height", "towerse.tower_height")
            self.connect("tower_grid.s", "towerse.tower_s")
            self.connect("tower.layer_thickness",
                         "towerse.tower_layer_thickness")
            self.connect("tower.outfitting_factor",
                         "towerse.tower_outfitting_factor")
            self.connect("tower.layer_mat", "towerse.tower_layer_materials")
            self.connect("materials.name", "towerse.material_names")
            self.connect("materials.E", "towerse.E_mat")
            self.connect("materials.G", "towerse.G_mat")
            self.connect("materials.rho", "towerse.rho_mat")
            self.connect("materials.sigma_y", "towerse.sigma_y_mat")
            self.connect("materials.unit_cost", "towerse.unit_cost_mat")
            self.connect("costs.labor_rate", "towerse.labor_cost_rate")
            self.connect("costs.painting_rate", "towerse.painting_cost_rate")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["monopile"]:
                self.connect("env.water_depth", "towerse.water_depth")
                self.connect("env.rho_water", "towerse.rho_water")
                self.connect("env.mu_water", "towerse.mu_water")
                if modeling_options["WISDEM"]["TowerSE"]["soil_springs"]:
                    self.connect("env.G_soil", "towerse.G_soil")
                    self.connect("env.nu_soil", "towerse.nu_soil")
                self.connect("env.Hsig_wave", "towerse.Hsig_wave")
                self.connect("env.Tsig_wave", "towerse.Tsig_wave")
                self.connect("monopile.diameter",
                             "towerse.monopile_outer_diameter_in")
                self.connect("monopile.foundation_height",
                             "towerse.monopile_foundation_height")
                self.connect("monopile.height", "towerse.monopile_height")
                self.connect("monopile.s", "towerse.monopile_s")
                self.connect("monopile.layer_thickness",
                             "towerse.monopile_layer_thickness")
                self.connect("monopile.layer_mat",
                             "towerse.monopile_layer_materials")
                self.connect("monopile.outfitting_factor",
                             "towerse.monopile_outfitting_factor")
                self.connect("monopile.transition_piece_cost",
                             "towerse.transition_piece_cost")
                self.connect("monopile.transition_piece_mass",
                             "towerse.transition_piece_mass")
                self.connect("monopile.gravity_foundation_mass",
                             "towerse.gravity_foundation_mass")

        if modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            self.connect("env.rho_water", "floatingse.rho_water")
            self.connect("env.water_depth", "floatingse.water_depth")
            self.connect("env.mu_water", "floatingse.mu_water")
            self.connect("env.Hsig_wave", "floatingse.Hsig_wave")
            self.connect("env.Tsig_wave", "floatingse.Tsig_wave")
            self.connect("env.rho_air", "floatingse.rho_air")
            self.connect("env.mu_air", "floatingse.mu_air")
            self.connect("env.shear_exp", "floatingse.shearExp")
            self.connect("assembly.hub_height", "floatingse.zref")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"]:
                self.connect("rotorse.rp.gust.V_gust", "floatingse.Uref")
            self.connect("materials.name", "floatingse.material_names")
            self.connect("materials.E", "floatingse.E_mat")
            self.connect("materials.G", "floatingse.G_mat")
            self.connect("materials.rho", "floatingse.rho_mat")
            self.connect("materials.sigma_y", "floatingse.sigma_y_mat")
            self.connect("materials.unit_cost", "floatingse.unit_cost_mat")
            self.connect("costs.labor_rate", "floatingse.labor_cost_rate")
            self.connect("costs.painting_rate",
                         "floatingse.painting_cost_rate")
            self.connect("tower.diameter",
                         "floatingse.tower.outer_diameter_in")
            self.connect("tower_grid.s", "floatingse.tower.s")
            self.connect("tower.layer_thickness",
                         "floatingse.tower.layer_thickness")
            self.connect("tower.outfitting_factor",
                         "floatingse.tower.outfitting_factor_in")
            self.connect("tower.layer_mat", "floatingse.tower.layer_materials")
            self.connect("floating.transition_node",
                         "floatingse.transition_node")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["tower"]:
                self.connect("tower_grid.height", "floatingse.tower_height")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
                self.connect("drivese.base_F", "floatingse.rna_F")
                self.connect("drivese.base_M", "floatingse.rna_M")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_I_TT", "floatingse.rna_I")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_cm", "floatingse.rna_cg")
                self.connect("drivese.rna_mass", "floatingse.rna_mass")

            # Individual member connections
            for k, kname in enumerate(
                    modeling_options["floating"]["members"]["name"]):
                idx = modeling_options["floating"]["members"]["name2idx"][
                    kname]
                self.connect(f"floating.memgrp{idx}.outer_diameter",
                             f"floatingse.member{k}.outer_diameter_in")
                self.connect(f"floating.memgrp{idx}.outfitting_factor",
                             f"floatingse.member{k}.outfitting_factor_in")

                for var in [
                        "s",
                        "layer_thickness",
                        "layer_materials",
                        "bulkhead_grid",
                        "bulkhead_thickness",
                        "ballast_grid",
                        "ballast_volume",
                        "ballast_materials",
                        "grid_axial_joints",
                        "ring_stiffener_web_height",
                        "ring_stiffener_web_thickness",
                        "ring_stiffener_flange_width",
                        "ring_stiffener_flange_thickness",
                        "ring_stiffener_spacing",
                        "axial_stiffener_web_height",
                        "axial_stiffener_web_thickness",
                        "axial_stiffener_flange_width",
                        "axial_stiffener_flange_thickness",
                        "axial_stiffener_spacing",
                ]:
                    self.connect(f"floating.memgrp{idx}.{var}",
                                 f"floatingse.member{k}.{var}")

                for var in ["joint1", "joint2", "s_ghost1", "s_ghost2"]:
                    self.connect(f"floating.member_{kname}:{var}",
                                 f"floatingse.member{k}.{var}")

            # Mooring connections
            self.connect("mooring.unstretched_length",
                         "floatingse.line_length",
                         src_indices=[0])
            for var in [
                    "fairlead",
                    "fairlead_radius",
                    "anchor_radius",
                    "anchor_cost",
                    "line_diameter",
                    "line_mass_density_coeff",
                    "line_stiffness_coeff",
                    "line_breaking_load_coeff",
                    "line_cost_rate_coeff",
            ]:
                self.connect("mooring." + var,
                             "floatingse." + var,
                             src_indices=[0])

        # Connections to turbine constraints
        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"] and modeling_options["flags"][
                "tower"]:
            self.connect("configuration.rotor_orientation",
                         "tcons.rotor_orientation")
            self.connect("rotorse.rs.tip_pos.tip_deflection",
                         "tcons.tip_deflection")
            self.connect("assembly.rotor_radius", "tcons.Rtip")
            self.connect("assembly.blade_ref_axis", "tcons.ref_axis_blade")
            self.connect("hub.cone", "tcons.precone")
            self.connect("nacelle.uptilt", "tcons.tilt")
            self.connect("nacelle.overhang", "tcons.overhang")
            self.connect("assembly.tower_ref_axis", "tcons.ref_axis_tower")
            self.connect("tower.diameter", "tcons.d_full")
            if modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
                self.connect("floatingse.tower_freqs",
                             "tcons.tower_freq",
                             src_indices=[0])
            else:
                self.connect("towerse.tower.structural_frequencies",
                             "tcons.tower_freq",
                             src_indices=[0])
            self.connect("configuration.n_blades", "tcons.blade_number")
            self.connect("rotorse.rp.powercurve.rated_Omega",
                         "tcons.rated_Omega")

        # Connections to turbine capital cost
        self.connect("configuration.n_blades", "tcc.blade_number")
        self.connect("configuration.rated_power", "tcc.machine_rating")
        if modeling_options["flags"]["blade"]:
            self.connect("rotorse.re.precomp.blade_mass", "tcc.blade_mass")
            self.connect("rotorse.re.precomp.total_blade_cost",
                         "tcc.blade_cost_external")

        if modeling_options["flags"]["nacelle"]:
            self.connect("drivese.hub_mass", "tcc.hub_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.pitch_mass", "tcc.pitch_system_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.spinner_mass", "tcc.spinner_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.lss_mass", "tcc.lss_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.mean_bearing_mass", "tcc.main_bearing_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.gearbox_mass", "tcc.gearbox_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.hss_mass", "tcc.hss_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.brake_mass", "tcc.brake_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.generator_mass", "tcc.generator_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.total_bedplate_mass", "tcc.bedplate_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.yaw_mass", "tcc.yaw_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.converter_mass", "tcc.converter_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.transformer_mass", "tcc.transformer_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.hvac_mass", "tcc.hvac_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.cover_mass", "tcc.cover_mass")
            self.connect("drivese.platform_mass", "tcc.platforms_mass")

            if modeling_options["flags"]["generator"]:
                self.connect("drivese.generator_cost",
                             "tcc.generator_cost_external")

        if modeling_options["flags"][
                "tower"] and not modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            self.connect("towerse.structural_mass", "tcc.tower_mass")
            self.connect("towerse.structural_cost", "tcc.tower_cost_external")
        elif modeling_options["flags"]["floating"]:
            self.connect("floatingse.tower_mass", "tcc.tower_mass")
            self.connect("floatingse.tower_cost", "tcc.tower_cost_external")

        self.connect("costs.blade_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.blade_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.hub_mass_cost_coeff", "tcc.hub_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.pitch_system_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.pitch_system_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.spinner_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.spinner_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.lss_mass_cost_coeff", "tcc.lss_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.bearing_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.bearing_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.gearbox_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.gearbox_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.hss_mass_cost_coeff", "tcc.hss_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.generator_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.generator_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.bedplate_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.bedplate_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.yaw_mass_cost_coeff", "tcc.yaw_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.converter_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.converter_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.transformer_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.transformer_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.hvac_mass_cost_coeff", "tcc.hvac_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.cover_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.cover_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.elec_connec_machine_rating_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.elec_connec_machine_rating_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.platforms_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.platforms_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.tower_mass_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.tower_mass_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.controls_machine_rating_cost_coeff",
                     "tcc.controls_machine_rating_cost_coeff")
        self.connect("costs.crane_cost", "tcc.crane_cost")