def test_noise_signal(f_samp):
"""
Generate a white noise signal and a white noise with a fade-in and fade-out.
Check the generated voltage with an oscilloscope.
"""
try:
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=1.0)
gvs.connect(physical_channel_name="cDAQ1Mod1/ao0")
except:
return
# white noise
make_stim = GenStim(f_samp)
make_stim.noise(10.0, 0.3)
samples = make_stim.stim
# gvs.write_to_channel(samples)
# white noise with fade-in/fade-out
make_stim.fade(f_samp * 3.0)
faded_samples = make_stim.stim
print("start galvanic stim")
gvs.write_to_channel(faded_samples)
print("end galvanic stim")
gvs.quit()
return samples, faded_samples
def habituation_signal():
"""
Generate a habituation signal with a slow ramp
"""
amp = 2.0
duration = 25.0
f_samp = 1e3
frequency = 1.0
ramp_length = 10.0
buffer_size = int(duration * f_samp)
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=amp)
timing = {"rate": f_samp, "samps_per_chan": buffer_size}
connected = gvs.connect("cDAQ1Mod1/ao0", **timing)
# step stimulus
make_stim = GenStim(f_samp=f_samp)
make_stim.step(duration, amp)
make_stim.fade(f_samp * ramp_length)
gvs_wave = make_stim.stim
# make_stim = GenStim(f_samp=f_samp)
# make_stim.sine(duration, amp, frequency)
# gvs_wave = make_stim.stim
if connected:
print("start galvanic stim")
gvs.write_to_channel(gvs_wave)
print("end galvanic stim")
gvs.quit()
return gvs_wave
def test_signal():
"""
Generate a signal with an alternating step from 0 V to 1 V and to -1 V.
Check the generated voltage with an oscilloscope.
"""
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=3.0)
connected = gvs.connect("cDAQ1Mod1/ao0")
if connected:
samples = np.concatenate((np.zeros(500), np.ones(1000), np.zeros(500)))
samples = np.concatenate((samples, -samples, samples, -samples))
gvs.write_to_channel(samples)
gvs.quit()
def test_signal():
"""
Generate a signal with an alternating step from 0 V to 1 V and to -1 V.
Check the generated voltage with an oscilloscope.
"""
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=3.0)
timing = {"rate": 1e3, "samps_per_chan": 8000}
physical_channel_name = "cDAQ1Mod1/ao0"
connected = gvs.connect(physical_channel_name, **timing)
if connected:
samples = np.concatenate((np.zeros(500), np.ones(1000), np.zeros(500)))
samples = np.concatenate((samples, -samples, samples, -samples))
gvs.write_to_channel(samples)
gvs.quit()
class TestNidaqConnection(unittest.TestCase):
def test_connect_single_channel(self):
self.gvs1 = GVS()
physical_channel_name = "cDAQ1Mod1/ao0"
timing = {"rate": 1e3, "samps_per_chan": 8000}
connected = self.gvs1.connect(physical_channel_name, **timing)
self.assertTrue(connected)
self.gvs1.quit()
def test_connect_two_channels(self):
self.gvs2 = GVS()
physical_channel_name = ["cDAQ1Mod1/ao0", "cDAQ1Mod1/ao1"]
timing = {"rate": 1e3, "samps_per_chan": 8000}
connected = self.gvs2.connect(physical_channel_name, **timing)
self.assertTrue(connected)
self.gvs2.quit()
def test_connect_without_timing_args(self):
self.gvs3 = GVS()
physical_channel_name = "cDAQ1Mod1/ao0"
connected = self.gvs3.connect(physical_channel_name)
self.assertTrue(connected)
self.gvs3.quit()
def test_dual_channel():
"""
Generate a signal with an alternating step from 0 V to 1 V and to -1 V
and send it to two channels.
Check the generated voltage with an oscilloscope.
"""
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=3.0)
timing = {"rate": 1e3, "samps_per_chan": 8000}
physical_channel_name = ["cDAQ1Mod1/ao0", "cDAQ1Mod1/ao1"]
connected = gvs.connect(physical_channel_name, **timing)
if connected:
samples = np.concatenate((np.zeros(500), np.ones(1000), np.zeros(500)))
samples1 = np.concatenate((samples, -samples, samples, -samples))
samples2 = np.concatenate((-samples, samples, -samples, samples))
two_chan_samples = np.stack((samples1, samples2), axis=0)
gvs.write_to_channel(two_chan_samples)
gvs.quit()
def habituation_signal():
"""
Generate a habituation signal with a slow ramp
"""
amp = 1.0
duration = 25.0
f_samp = 1e3
buffer_size = int(duration * f_samp)
gvs = GVS(max_voltage=amp)
timing = {"rate": f_samp, "samps_per_chan": buffer_size}
connected = gvs.connect("cDAQ1Mod1/ao0", **timing)
if connected:
# white noise with fade-in/fade-out
make_stim = genStim(f_samp)
make_stim.noise(25.0, amp)
make_stim.fade(f_samp * 10.0)
faded_samples = make_stim.stim
print("start galvanic stim")
gvs.write_to_channel(faded_samples)
print("end galvanic stim")
gvs.quit()
return faded_samples
start=(0, -200),
end=(0, 200),
lineWidth=6,
lineColor=(-0.84, -0.84, -0.84))
start_text = visual.TextStim(win=win,
text="press SPACE to start trial",
pos=(0.0, 0.0),
color=(-1, -1, 0.6),
units="pix",
height=40)
# GVS setup
buffer_size = int(duration_s * f_sampling)
timing = {"rate": f_sampling, "samps_per_chan": buffer_size}
gvs = GVS()
gvs.connect(physical_channel_name, **timing)
# create and send GVS signals
make_stim = GenStim(f_sampling)
for trial in range(n_trials):
if stochastic_gvs:
make_stim.noise(duration_s, current_mA)
else:
# positive current for even trials, negative current for uneven trials
if (trial % 2) == 0:
direction = 1
else:
direction = -1
make_stim.stim = np.ones(int(duration_s * f_sampling))
make_stim.stim = make_stim.stim * current_mA * direction
make_stim.n_samp = len(make_stim.stim)
class GVSHandler:
def __init__(self, param_queue, status_queue, logging_queue, buffer_size):
PHYSICAL_CHANNEL_NAME = "cDAQ1Mod1/ao0"
SAMPLING_FREQ = 1e3
# I/O queues
self.param_queue = param_queue
self.status_queue = status_queue
self.logging_queue = logging_queue
self.stimulus = None
# set up logger
worker = Worker(logging_queue, formatter, default_logging_level,
"GVSHandler")
self.logger = worker.logger
# second logger to pass to GVS object
subworker = Worker(logging_queue, formatter, default_logging_level,
"GVS")
self.sublogger = subworker.logger
# GVS control object
self.gvs = GVS(logger=self.sublogger)
self.buffer_size = int(buffer_size)
timing = {"rate": SAMPLING_FREQ, "samps_per_chan": self.buffer_size}
connected = self.gvs.connect(PHYSICAL_CHANNEL_NAME, **timing)
if connected:
self.logger.info("NIDAQ connection established")
self.status_queue.put({"connected": True})
else:
self.logger.info("NIDAQ connection failed")
self.status_queue.put({"connected": False})
# GVSHandler can't be a subclass of multiprocessing.Process, as the
# GVS object contains ctypes pointers and can't be pickled.
# GVSHandler's methods can't be accessed from the parent process.
# As a workaround, the event loop is started by calling the run method
# here at the end of the initialisation.
self.run()
def run(self):
"""
Event loop that listens for queue input. Input of type *dict* is used
for stimulus creation, input of type *int* is used to trigger onset of
GVS stimulation. Input "STOP" to exit the method.
This event loop is automatically started after a GVSHandler object
is initialised.
"""
while True:
data = self.param_queue.get()
if isinstance(data, str) and (data == "STOP"):
quit_gvs = self.gvs.quit()
if quit_gvs:
self.status_queue.put({"quit": True})
else:
self.status_queue.put({"quit": False})
break
else:
if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
self.stimulus = data
if self.stimulus is None:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": False})
else:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": True})
elif isinstance(data, bool) and (data is True):
self._send_stimulus()
else:
self.logger.error("Incorrect input to GVSHandler parameter"
" queue. Input must be a numpy array "
"with samples, a boolean, or a "
"string STOP to quit.")
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": False})
def _analog_feedback_loop(self, gvs_wave, start_end_blip_voltage=2.5):
"""
Add a copy of the GVS signal to send to a second channel via the NIDAQ.
The copy (but not the GVS signal) has a 2.5 V blip of a single sample
at the start and the end, to signal the onset and end of the
stimulation. In the signal that is sent to the GVS channel (here:
channel A0), the first and last sample are zero.
Also, an extra zero sample is added to the end of both signals,
to reset the voltage to baseline.
:param gvs_wave: GVS signal
:param start_end_blip_voltage: voltage to give to first and last
as a signal. Voltage should not be present in the rest of the waveform.
:return: stacked signal, with second row being the original GVS signal,
the first row being the copied signal with first and last sample
changed to 2.5 V.
"""
duplicate_wave = gvs_wave[:]
# blip at start and end of copied GVS wave
duplicate_wave[0] = start_end_blip_voltage
duplicate_wave[-1] = -start_end_blip_voltage
# add voltage reset (0 sample) at the end
gvs_wave = np.append(gvs_wave, 0)
duplicate_wave = np.append(duplicate_wave, 0)
stimulus = np.stack((duplicate_wave, gvs_wave), axis=0)
return stimulus
def _send_stimulus(self):
"""
Send the stimulus to the GVS channel, check whether all samples
were successfully written
"""
n_samples = None
samps_written = 0
# only try to send if there is a stimulus available
if self.stimulus is not None:
try:
# send the GVS onset time to the main process
t_start_gvs = time.time()
self.status_queue.put({"t_start_gvs": t_start_gvs})
samps_written = self.gvs.write_to_channel(
self.stimulus, reset_to_zero_volts=True)
t_end_gvs = time.time()
if self.stimulus.ndim == 1:
n_samples = len(self.stimulus)
else:
n_samples = np.shape(self.stimulus)[1]
# delete stimulus after sending, so that it can only be sent once
self.stimulus = None
except AttributeError as err:
self.logger.error(
"Error: tried to send invalid stimulus to NIDAQ."
"\nNote that a stimulus instance can only be"
" sent once.\nAttributeError: {}".format(err))
self.logger.info("GVS: {} samples written".format(samps_written))
if n_samples == samps_written:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_sent": True})
self.status_queue.put({"t_end_gvs": t_end_gvs})
else:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_sent": False})
self.status_queue.put({"t_end_gvs": time.time()})
class GVSHandler():
def __init__(self, param_queue, status_queue, logging_queue, buffer_size):
PHYSICAL_CHANNEL_NAME = "cDAQ1Mod1/ao0"
SAMPLING_FREQ = 1e3
# I/O queues
self.param_queue = param_queue
self.status_queue = status_queue
self.logging_queue = logging_queue
# stimulus generation
self.makeStim = GenStim(f_samp=SAMPLING_FREQ)
self.stimulus = self.makeStim.stim
# set up logger
worker = Worker(logging_queue, formatter, default_logging_level,
"GVSHandler")
self.logger = worker.logger
# second logger to pass to GVS object
subworker = Worker(logging_queue, formatter, default_logging_level,
"GVS")
self.sublogger = subworker.logger
# GVS control object
self.gvs = GVS(logger=self.sublogger)
self.buffer_size = int(buffer_size)
timing = {"rate": SAMPLING_FREQ, "samps_per_chan": self.buffer_size}
connected = self.gvs.connect(PHYSICAL_CHANNEL_NAME, **timing)
if connected:
self.logger.info("NIDAQ connection established")
self.status_queue.put({"connected": True})
else:
self.logger.info("NIDAQ connection failed")
self.status_queue.put({"connected": False})
# GVSHandler can't be a subclass of multiprocessing.Process, as the
# GVS object contains ctypes pointers and can't be pickled.
# GVSHandler's methods can't be accessed from the parent process.
# As a workaround, the event loop is started by calling the run method
# here at the end of the initialisation.
self.run()
def run(self):
"""
Event loop that listens for queue input. Input of type *dict* is used
for stimulus creation, input of type *int* is used to trigger onset of
GVS stimulation. Input "STOP" to exit the method.
This event loop is automatically started after a GVSHandler object
is initialised.
"""
while True:
data = self.param_queue.get()
if data == "STOP":
quitted = self.gvs.quit()
if quitted:
self.status_queue.put({"quit": True})
else:
self.status_queue.put({"quit": False})
break
else:
if type(data).__name__ == "dict":
self._create_stimulus(params=data)
elif (type(data).__name__ == "bool") & (data is True):
self._send_stimulus()
else:
self.logger.error("Incorrect input to GVSHandler parameter"
" queue. Input must be a dict with "
"parameters specified in GVS.py, a "
"boolean, or a string STOP to quit.")
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": False})
def _create_stimulus(self, params=dict):
"""
Create stimulus array with parameters defined in *params*
:param params: (dict)
"""
if self._check_args(["duration", "amp"], params):
options = deepcopy(params)
del options["duration"]
del options["amp"]
if "fade_samples" in options:
del options["fade_samples"]
self.makeStim.noise(params["duration"], params["amp"], **options)
else:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": False})
return
if self._check_args(["fade_samples"], params):
self.makeStim.fade(params["fade_samples"])
self.stimulus = self.makeStim.stim
self.status_queue.put({"stim_created": True})
def _send_stimulus(self):
"""
Send the stimulus to the GVS channel, check whether all samples
were successfully written
"""
n_samples = None
samps_written = 0
try:
samps_written = self.gvs.write_to_channel(self.stimulus,
reset_to_zero_volts=True)
n_samples = len(self.stimulus)
# delete stimulus after sending, so that it can only be sent once
self.stimulus = None
except AttributeError as err:
self.logger.error("Error: tried to send invalid stimulus to NIDAQ."
"\nNote that a stimulus instance can only be"
" sent once.\nAttributeError: {}".format(err))
self.logger.info("GVS: {} samples written".format(samps_written))
if n_samples == samps_written:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_sent": True})
else:
self.status_queue.put({"stim_sent": False})
def _check_args(self, keylist, check_dict):
return all(key in check_dict for key in keylist)
