def test_compute_initial_aperture(self, biot_params_small):
""" Test computation of initial aperture in intact rock and fractured rock."""
# Setup model
params = BiotParameters(**biot_params_small)
setup = ISCBiotContactMechanics(params)
setup.create_grid()
g3: pp.Grid = setup._nd_grid()
a = setup.compute_initial_aperture(g3, scaled=False)
assert np.isclose(np.sum(a), g3.num_cells)
g2: pp.Grid = setup.gb.grids_of_dimension(2)[0]
a = setup.compute_initial_aperture(g2, scaled=False)
assert np.isclose(np.sum(a), 6.0 * g2.num_cells)
def test_realistic_only_fracture_zone(self):
# See changelist: reset changes for only fracture zone setup of 2020/06/25.
# _sz = 2, bounding_box=None -> ~53k 3d, ~6k 2d, 80 1d cells
_sz = 3.5
params = BiotParameters(
# Base parameters
length_scale=0.05,
scalar_scale=1e6,
head="60k-5frac/medium-sized-intact-grid/t_end-10min",
time_step=pp.MINUTE,
end_time=10 * pp.MINUTE,
rock=GrimselGranodiorite(),
# Geometry parameters
mesh_args={
"mesh_size_frac": 0.9 * _sz,
"mesh_size_min": 0.2 * _sz,
"mesh_size_bound": 3 * _sz,
},
bounding_box={
"xmin": -1 - 50,
"ymin": 80 - 50,
"zmin": -4 - 50,
"xmax": 86 + 50,
"ymax": 151 + 50,
"zmax": 41 + 50,
},
shearzone_names=["S1_1", "S1_2", "S1_3", "S3_1", "S3_2"],
# Mechanical parameters
stress=stress_tensor(),
newton_options={
"max_iterations": 30,
"nl_convergence_tol": 1e-10,
"nl_divergence_tol": 1e5,
},
# Flow parameters
source_scalar_borehole_shearzone={
"shearzone": "S1_2",
"borehole": "INJ1",
},
well_cells=nd_and_shearzone_injection_cell,
injection_rate=(1 / 6) /
3, # = 10 l/min - Divide by 3 due to 3 injection cells.
frac_permeability=[2.3e-15, 4.5e-17, 2.3e-17, 6.4e-14, 1e-16],
intact_permeability=2e-20,
)
setup = NeverFailtBiotCM(params)
newton_params = params.newton_options
pp.run_time_dependent_model(setup, newton_params)
def test_realistic_setup(self):
""" For a 50 000 cell setup, test Contact mechanics Biot model on 5 shear zones.
Parameters are close to the ISC setup. Model is run for 10 minutes,
with time steps of 1 minute. Injection to a shear zone.
"""
# _sz=6 => ~50k cells,
# _sz=5.5 => ~66k cells
_sz = 6
params = BiotParameters(
# Base parameters
length_scale=12.8,
scalar_scale=1e10,
head="2frac/20l_min/inj-frac-center/dilation",
time_step=pp.MINUTE,
end_time=7 * pp.MINUTE,
rock=GrimselGranodiorite(),
# Geometry parameters
shearzone_names=["S1_2", "S3_1"],
mesh_args={
"mesh_size_frac": _sz, # 0.3 * _sz
"mesh_size_min": 0.2 * _sz,
"mesh_size_bound": 3 * _sz, # 3.2 * _sz
},
# Mechanical parameters
stress=stress_tensor(),
dilation_angle=(np.pi / 180) * 5, # 5 degrees dilation angle.
newton_options={
"max_iterations": 40,
"nl_convergence_tol": 1e-10,
"nl_divergence_tol": 1e5,
},
# Flow parameters
source_scalar_borehole_shearzone={
"shearzone": "S1_2",
"borehole": "INJ1",
},
well_cells=center_of_shearzone_injection_cell,
injection_rate=(10 / 60) * 2, # (10/60)*2 = 20l per 60s = 20 l/min
frac_transmissivity=[1e-9, 3.7e-7],
)
setup = NeverFailtBiotCM(params)
newton_params = params.newton_options
pp.run_time_dependent_model(setup, newton_params)
def biot_params() -> BiotParameters:
""" Initialize BiotParameters"""
here = Path(__file__).parent / "simulations"
_sz = 6
params = BiotParameters(
folder_name=here,
stress=stress_tensor(),
injection_rate=1 / 6,
frac_permeability=1e-9,
intact_permeability=1e-12,
well_cells=shearzone_injection_cell,
rock=GrimselGranodiorite(),
mesh_args={
"mesh_size_frac": _sz,
"mesh_size_min": 0.2 * _sz,
"mesh_size_bound": 3 * _sz,
},
)
return params
def test_nd_sides_shearzone_injection_cell():
""" Test that the 2 Nd-cells are tagged correctly"""
# --- Paste biot_params_small
here = Path(__file__).parent / "simulations"
values = {
"folder_name": here,
"stress": stress_tensor(),
"injection_rate": 1 / 6,
"frac_permeability": 3, # -> frac_aperture = 6.0
"intact_permeability": 1e-12,
"well_cells": shearzone_injection_cell,
"rock": GrimselGranodiorite(),
"mesh_args": {
"mesh_size_frac": 10,
"mesh_size_min": 10,
"mesh_size_bound": 30,
},
"length_scale": 7,
"scalar_scale": 11,
}
# ---
biot_params_small = values
frac_name = "S1_2"
biot_params_small["shearzone_names"] = [frac_name]
params = BiotParameters(**biot_params_small)
setup = ISCBiotContactMechanics(params)
setup.create_grid()
gb = setup.gb
# Tag the cells
nd_sides_shearzone_injection_cell(params, gb)
for g, d in gb:
tags = d["well"]
if g.dim == setup.Nd:
assert np.sum(np.abs(tags)) == np.sum(tags) == 2
else:
assert np.sum(tags) == np.sum(np.abs(tags)) == 0
def test_mechanical_aperture(self, biot_params_small):
""" Test computation of mechanical aperture in fractured rock"""
# Prepare the model
biot_params_small["shearzone_names"] = ["F1"]
biot_params_small["length_scale"] = 1
params = BiotParameters(**biot_params_small)
setup = ISCBiotContactMechanics(params)
# --- Structured Grid with one fracture
nx = np.array([2, 2, 2])
physdims = np.array([10, 10, 10])
# fmt: off
frac_pts = np.array([[0, 10, 10, 0], [5, 5, 5, 5], [0, 0, 5, 5]
]) / params.length_scale
# fmt: on
gb = pp.meshing.cart_grid(
[frac_pts],
nx=nx,
physdims=physdims / params.length_scale,
)
# --- ---
setup.gb = gb
setup.assign_biot_variables()
# Assign dummy displacement values to the fracture edge
nd_grid = setup.grids_by_name(params.intact_name)[0]
frac = setup.grids_by_name(params.shearzone_names[0])[0]
edge = (frac, nd_grid)
data_edge = setup.gb.edge_props(edge)
mg: pp.MortarGrid = data_edge["mortar_grid"]
nd = setup.Nd
var_mortar = setup.mortar_displacement_variable
if pp.STATE not in data_edge:
data_edge[pp.STATE] = {}
nc = frac.num_cells
# Set mechanical mortar displacement to STATE.
# Set u_n = 1 and ||u_t|| = 0 on side 1
# Set all zero on side 1.
s1 = np.vstack((
np.zeros(nc),
np.ones(nc),
np.zeros(nc),
)) # mortar side 1
mortar_u = np.hstack((
s1,
np.zeros((nd, nc)),
) # mortar side 1 # mortar side 2
).ravel("F")
# Set mechanical mortar displacement to previous iterate.
# Set u = (1, 1, 1) on side 1
# Set u = (3, 3, 3) on side 2.
# This should give an aperture of 2.
s2 = np.vstack((3 * np.ones((nd, nc)), ))
mortar_u_prev_iter = np.hstack((
np.ones((nd, nc)),
s2,
) # mortar side 1 # mortar side 2
).ravel("F")
data_edge[pp.STATE].update({
var_mortar: mortar_u,
pp.ITERATE: {
var_mortar: mortar_u_prev_iter
},
})
# Get mechanical aperture
# Nd
aperture_nd = setup.mechanical_aperture(nd_grid, from_iterate=False)
assert np.allclose(aperture_nd, 0)
aperture_nd_iter = setup.mechanical_aperture(nd_grid,
from_iterate=False)
assert np.allclose(aperture_nd_iter, 0)
# fracture
aperture_frac = setup.mechanical_aperture(frac, from_iterate=False)
assert np.allclose(aperture_frac, np.ones(nc))
aperture_frac_iter = setup.mechanical_aperture(frac, from_iterate=True)
assert np.allclose(aperture_frac_iter, 2 * np.ones(nc))
def simple_validation():
""" Validation on easy setup"""
path = Path(__file__).parent / "results"
# Grid
mesh_size = 20
gb, box, mesh_args = two_intersecting_blocking_fractures(
str(path), mesh_size)
# Injection phases and time configuration
start_time = -1e2 * pp.YEAR
phase_limits = [start_time, 0, 12 * pp.HOUR]
rates = [0, 0]
injection_protocol = InjectionRateProtocol.create_protocol(
phase_limits, rates)
phase_time_steps = [-start_time, 2.0 * pp.MINUTE]
time_params = TimeStepProtocol.create_protocol(phase_limits,
phase_time_steps)
# Newton
newton_params = NewtonParameters(
convergence_tol=1e-6,
max_iterations=50,
)
rock = GrimselGranodiorite()
rock.FRICTION_COEFFICIENT = 0.2
stress = np.diag(-np.array([6, 13.1, 6]) * pp.MEGA * pp.PASCAL)
# Model parameters
biot_params = BiotParameters(
# BaseParameters
length_scale=15,
scalar_scale=1e9,
folder_name=path,
time=time_params.start_time,
time_step=time_params.initial_time_step,
end_time=time_params.end_time,
gravity=False,
rock=rock,
# GeometryParameters
shearzone_names=["f1", "f2"],
box=box,
mesh_args=mesh_args,
# MechanicsParameters
stress=stress,
dilation_angle=np.radians(5.0),
newton_options=newton_params.dict(),
# FlowParameters
well_cells=nd_injection_cell_center,
injection_protocol=injection_protocol,
frac_transmissivity=5.17e-3, # Gives a0=2e-3, which are Ivar's values.
# BiotParameters
alpha=0.8,
)
setup = ISCBiotContactMechanics(biot_params)
setup.gb = gb
time_machine = TimeMachinePhasesConstantDt(setup, newton_params,
time_params)
time_machine.run_simulation()
return time_machine